A terminal antenna

Abstract

The embodiment of the present application discloses a terminal antenna, which relates to the field of antenna technology; the terminal antenna can realize the vertical polarization characteristics of the antenna in a low-profile space, and the terminal antenna includes a first radiator and a second radiator, the first radiator is a ring-shaped structure, the second radiator is arranged inside the first radiator, the first radiator and the second radiator are not directly connected, and the first radiator and the second radiator are in the same plane. The terminal antenna also includes at least two inductance components, one end of the inductance component is connected to the first radiator, and the other end of the inductance component is connected to the second radiator. A feed source is also provided on the terminal antenna, one end of the feed source is provided on the first radiator, and the other end of the feed source is provided on the second radiator.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular to a terminal antenna. Background Art

[0002] When an electronic device transmits and receives signals through an antenna installed therein, since different signals may have different polarization directions, the antenna in the electronic device needs to have a relatively rich polarization characteristic. For example, when transmitting and receiving vertically polarized waves, the antenna in the electronic device needs to have a vertical polarization characteristic.

[0003] In addition, the space that electronic devices can provide for antennas is getting smaller and smaller, which requires that the antennas need to have vertical polarization characteristics while realizing structural miniaturization. For example, when the height space that electronic devices can provide is limited, the antenna needs to be able to realize vertical polarization characteristics in the limited height space. Summary of the invention

[0004] An embodiment of the present application provides a terminal antenna, and provides a solution for a low-profile vertically polarized antenna, thereby avoiding the problem that vertical polarization cannot be achieved in electronic equipment due to height and space limitations.

[0005] In order to achieve the above purpose, the embodiment of the present application adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] In a first aspect, a terminal antenna is provided, which is arranged in an electronic device, and includes: a first radiator and a second radiator, wherein the first radiator is in a ring structure, the second radiator is arranged inside the first radiator, the first radiator and the second radiator are not directly connected, and the first radiator and the second radiator are in the same plane; the terminal antenna also includes at least two inductance components, one end of the inductance component is connected to the first radiator, and the other end of the inductance component is connected to the second radiator. A feed source is also arranged on the terminal antenna, one end of the feed source is connected to the first radiator, and the other end of the feed source is connected to the second radiator.

[0007] Based on this solution, the radiators of the antenna can be set in the same plane, so there is no requirement for the height, that is, a low profile is achieved. In the antenna solution in this solution, the inner radiator (such as the second radiator) can be used as a reference ground for the outer radiator (such as the first radiator) when it is working. A plurality of inductance components are arranged between the outer radiator and the inner radiator, so that the area between adjacent inductance components and the area surrounded by the outer radiator and the inner radiator can have a uniform electric field distribution, and the direction of the electric field can be from the second radiator to the first radiator, or from the first radiator to the second radiator. In other words, the electric field is perpendicular to the reference ground. Then the vertical polarization characteristic is realized in the above-mentioned low-profile structure.

[0008] In one possible design, the inductor component is a metal body distributed in a serpentine line. Based on this solution, a specific implementation of the inductor component is provided, such as implementing the setting of a distributed inductor through a serpentine line structure. Of course, in other designs, the inductor component can also be a lumped inductor device.

[0009] In a possible design, the at least two inductance components are rotationally symmetrically distributed in the gap between the first radiator and the second radiator. Based on this solution, a structural setting definition of the inductance component is provided. This allows the antenna to have good symmetry and good omnidirectionality while providing vertical polarization characteristics.

[0010] In a possible design, the rotationally symmetric angle is 360 degrees divided by N, where N is the number of the inductor components. Based on this solution, a specific definition of rotationally symmetric is provided.

[0011] In a possible design, the first inductor component is replaced with a feed source, and the replaced feed source is arranged at the position of the first inductor component, and the first inductor component is included in the at least two inductor components. Based on this solution, a feed source setting solution is provided.

[0012] In a possible design, the feed source is arranged at the middle position between any two adjacent inductor components. Based on this solution, another feed source arrangement solution is provided.

[0013] In a possible design, the first radiator is in a ring structure, including: the first radiator is in a circular ring structure. The second radiator is in a circular structure. The geometric centers of the first radiator and the second radiator coincide. Based on this solution, a structural feature definition of an antenna is provided. Thereby, the antenna has better symmetry, thereby providing better omnidirectional radiation characteristics.

[0014] In a possible design, when the operating frequency band of the terminal antenna includes 5150MHz to 5850MHz, the equivalent inductance of the first radiator between two adjacent inductance components is included in the range of [1nH, 4nH]. The equivalent capacitance between the first radiator and the second radiator between two adjacent inductance components is included in the range of [0.1pF, 1pF], and the equivalent inductance of the inductance component is included in the range of [1nH, 5nH]. The area between the two adjacent inductance components does not include a feed source. Based on this scheme, a specific value limitation of the equivalent inductance or equivalent capacitance of each component is provided when the antenna operates in the 5G WIFI frequency band. Based on this, when the first radiator, the second radiator and the serpentine metal body are respectively set using materials with different dielectric constants, the size can be set based on the equivalent value.

[0015] In a possible design, when the operating frequency band of the terminal antenna includes 5150MHz to 5850MHz, the inner circle radius of the first radiator is included in the range of [10mm, 25mm], the radius of the second radiator is included in the range of [8mm, 15mm], and the maximum width of the profile of the serpentine metal body is included in the range of [1mm, 6mm]. The inner circle radius of the first radiator is greater than the radius of the second radiator. Based on this solution, a specific value limitation of the size of each component is provided when the antenna works in the 5GWIFI frequency band.

[0016] In a possible design, when the operating frequency band of the terminal antenna includes 1710MHz to 2700MHz, the equivalent inductance of the first radiator between two adjacent inductance components is included in the range of [3nH, 10nH]. The equivalent capacitance between the first radiator and the second radiator between two adjacent inductance components is included in the range of [0.3pF, 2pF], the equivalent inductance of the inductance component is included in the range of [3nH, 15nH], and the feed source is not included between the two adjacent inductance components. Based on this scheme, a specific value limitation of the equivalent inductance or equivalent capacitance of each component is provided when the antenna works in the medium and high frequency bands. Based on this, when the first radiator, the second radiator and the serpentine metal body are respectively set using materials with different dielectric constants, the size can be set based on the equivalent value.

[0017] In a possible design, the antenna has a vertical polarization characteristic when in operation. Based on this solution, a limited description of the polarization characteristic of the antenna when in operation is provided.

[0018] In a second aspect, an electronic device is provided, the electronic device being provided with a terminal antenna as provided in the first aspect and any one of its possible designs. When the electronic device transmits or receives a signal, the signal is transmitted or received through the terminal antenna. Exemplarily, the electronic device may be a large screen, a router, etc., so that the device can have a low-profile vertical polarization characteristic.

[0019] It should be understood that the technical solution of the above-mentioned second aspect can correspond to the above-mentioned first aspect and any possible design thereof, so the beneficial effects that can be achieved are similar and will not be repeated here. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a scenario in which an electronic device receives a signal;

[0021] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a signal polarization direction;

[0022] Figure 3is a schematic diagram of a vertically polarized antenna;

[0023] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the composition of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0024] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the location of an antenna in an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0025] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a basic radiation unit provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0026] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of electric field distribution of a basic radiation unit provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0027] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the composition of a terminal antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0028] Fig. 9 A schematic diagram of a basic radiation unit provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0029] Fig.10 A schematic diagram of the composition of a terminal antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0030] Fig.11 A schematic diagram of the composition of a terminal antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0031] Fig.12 A schematic diagram of the composition of a terminal antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0032] Fig.13 A schematic diagram of the composition of a terminal antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0033] Fig.14 A schematic diagram of a feed source setting of a terminal antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0034] Fig.15 A schematic diagram of a feed source setting of a terminal antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0035] Fig.16 A schematic diagram of a feed source setting of a terminal antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0036] Fig.17 A schematic diagram of different angles of a terminal antenna in actual implementation provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0037] Fig.18 A schematic diagram of an equivalent analysis of a basic radiation unit provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0038] Fig.19 A schematic diagram of an equivalent analysis of a terminal antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0039] Fig. 20 A schematic diagram of electric field simulation of a terminal antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0040] Fig.21 A schematic diagram of S-parameter simulation of a terminal antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0041] Fig. 22 A schematic diagram of a terminal antenna directional pattern simulation provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0042] Fig.23 A schematic diagram of S11 simulation comparison of the inductance LL of the basic radiation unit provided in an embodiment of the present application under different conditions;

[0043] Fig.24 A schematic diagram of S11 simulation comparison of the capacitor CR of the basic radiation unit provided in an embodiment of the present application under different conditions;

[0044] Fig.25 A schematic diagram of S11 simulation comparison of the inductance LR of the basic radiation unit provided in an embodiment of the present application under different conditions;

[0045] Fig.26 is a schematic diagram of a MIMO scenario;

[0046] Fig. 27 A schematic diagram of the composition of a horizontally polarized antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0047] Fig.28 A schematic diagram of the logical composition of a MIMO antenna system provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0048] Fig.29 A schematic diagram of the composition of a MIMO antenna system provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0049] Fig.30 A schematic diagram of different angles of a MIMO antenna system provided in an embodiment of the present application during actual implementation;

[0050] Fig.31 A schematic diagram of S-parameter simulation and current simulation of a MIMO antenna system provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0051] Fig.32 A schematic diagram of S11 comparison when the feed source of a MIMO antenna system provided in an embodiment of the present application is set at different positions;

[0052] Fig.33A schematic diagram of a directional pattern simulation of a MIMO antenna system provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0053] The electronic device can receive the signal through the antenna provided therein. Figure 1 , taking the electronic device as a router as an example. The router may be provided with an antenna, which may be used to receive Figure 1 The incoming wave signal shown is used to convert the incoming wave signal into an analog signal and provide it to the router for processing. For example, when the incoming wave signal is sent by an electronic device (such as a mobile phone) that accesses an external network through a router, the router can achieve wireless communication with the mobile phone through the above-mentioned function of the antenna, thereby allowing the mobile phone to communicate with the external network through the router.

[0054] In different scenarios, the incoming signal can have a variety of different characteristics. For example, the characteristic may include polarization direction, etc. It is understandable that the incoming signal can be an electromagnetic wave. During the transmission of electromagnetic waves in space, they can have electric field properties and magnetic field properties. Among them, the direction of the electric field can be used to define the polarization direction of the electromagnetic wave. Since the electromagnetic wave is emitted by an antenna, the polarization direction of the electromagnetic wave can also correspond to the polarization direction of the antenna that emits the electromagnetic wave.

[0055] In general, such as Figure 2 As shown, taking the incoming electromagnetic wave signal as an example, the incoming wave signal may include horizontal polarization waves and vertical polarization waves according to the polarization characteristics. The incoming wave signal of the horizontal polarization wave has a horizontal polarization characteristic. As an example, the electric field direction of the horizontal polarization wave is parallel to the plane where the reference ground of the device that emits the polarization wave is located. Correspondingly, the antenna in the receiving end device needs to have a horizontal polarization characteristic in order to efficiently receive the horizontal polarization wave. The horizontal polarization characteristic of the receiving end device can correspond to the receiving end device, and the electric field direction of the electromagnetic wave emitted by the antenna is parallel to the plane where the reference ground of the antenna set in the receiving end device is located. Similarly, the incoming wave signal of the vertical polarization wave can have a vertical polarization characteristic, and correspondingly, the antenna in the receiving end device needs to have a vertical polarization characteristic in order to efficiently receive the vertical polarization wave.

[0056] For example, the receiving wave signal is a vertically polarized wave. The antenna in the receiving end device may have a vertical polarization characteristic so as to achieve reception of the vertically polarized wave. Figure 3 , which is a schematic diagram of an antenna solution with vertical polarization characteristics.

[0057] like Figure 3As shown, the radiator of the antenna can be distributed along the z direction. The z direction can be a direction perpendicular to the reference ground. A feed source can be set at one end of the radiator of the antenna, and the other end can be suspended. In this example, the radiator of the antenna can be composed of multiple radiating units connected in series. Each radiating unit can include a U-shaped structure and a radiator along the z direction connected to one end of the U-shaped structure. The opening direction of the U-shaped structure can be parallel to the reference ground direction, such as the opening direction can be the negative direction of the x-axis. In order to achieve better frequency matching for the working frequency band, the long side of the U-shaped structure of the radiating unit can be close to 1 / 4 of the working wavelength, and the length of the radiator connected to one end of the U-shaped structure in the radiating unit can be close to 1 / 2 of the working wavelength. In this antenna, the more radiating units there are, the larger the area of ​​the antenna and the better the radiation performance. For example, in the case of Figure 3 In the example, at least three radiation units are provided in the antenna.

[0058] In this Figure 3 When the antenna scheme shown is working, for a radiating unit, at some moments, the current direction of the radiator arranged along the z direction may be along the positive direction of the z axis (i.e. upward). On the U-shaped structure in the radiating unit, current along the positive direction of the x axis and along the negative direction of the x axis may be distributed on each 1 / 4 wavelength radiator (i.e., the two arms of the U-shaped structure). Then, Figure 3 The current direction of the antenna scheme shown can be generally expressed as being distributed upward along the z-axis. Therefore, the electric field direction of the electromagnetic wave emitted by the antenna can be along the negative direction of the z-axis. Since the electromagnetic wave distributed along the negative direction of the z-axis is perpendicular to the plane where the reference ground is located (i.e., the xoy plane), Figure 3 The antenna scheme shown has vertical polarization characteristics. Figure 3 The antenna scheme shown can achieve efficient reception of vertically polarized waves. Figure 3 It can also be seen that the structure also has high requirements on the z-direction height of the antenna, which places high requirements on the height direction of the electronic device on which the antenna is installed.

[0059] In the above examples, the scenario of receiving incoming wave signals is used as an example. It should be understood that in the scenario where the antenna is required to emit vertically polarized waves, that is, in the transmission scenario, the requirements for the antenna are similar. That is, the antenna in the transmitting device needs to have a large z-direction height.

[0060] However, with the trend of miniaturization of electronic devices, the z-height that electronic devices can provide for antennas is becoming increasingly limited, which obviously conflicts with the current demand for a larger z-height for vertically polarized antennas.

[0061] In order to obtain vertical polarization characteristics when the antenna height is limited, the embodiment of the present application provides an antenna solution with a low-profile structural feature and vertical polarization characteristics. Thus, the requirement of the vertical polarization antenna for the z-direction height is reduced, thereby meeting the needs of receiving and transmitting vertical polarization waves in a limited space.

[0062] The following first describes the implementation scenario of the antenna solution provided in the embodiment of the present application.

[0063] The antenna scheme provided in the embodiment of the present application can be applied to the user's electronic device to support the wireless communication function of the electronic device. For example, the electronic device can be a portable mobile device such as a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a personal digital assistant (PDA), an augmented reality (AR) device, a virtual reality (VR) device, a media player, etc., and the electronic device can also be a wearable electronic device such as a smart watch. The embodiment of the present application does not impose any special restrictions on the specific form of the device. In some embodiments, the electronic device can also be a router, a large screen, or other device capable of transmitting and receiving vertically polarized waves.

[0064] Please refer to Figure 4 , is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application. In this example, the schematic diagram of the structure of the electronic device can be applied to a device such as a router. The router can be provided with a built-in antenna. The built-in antenna can have a vertical polarization characteristic.

[0065] like Figure 4 As shown, the electronic device may include a housing 41 , a bracket 42 , a bracket 43 , a circuit board 44 , and a housing 45 .

[0066] The housing 41 and the housing 45 can be used as the appearance structural parts of the electronic device. The housing 41 and the housing 45 can be made of non-metallic materials. For example, the non-metallic materials can include glass, plastic, ceramic and other materials. Various functions and structural parts of the electronic device can be arranged inside the housing 41 and the housing 45.

[0067] The circuit board 44 in the electronic device can be used as a carrier of various functional components in the electronic device. For example, the circuit board 44 can be a printed circuit board (PCB). The circuit board 44 can be provided with screw holes, through which the circuit board 44 can be fixed to the housing 45. In some embodiments, a processor and related circuits and devices can be provided on the circuit board 44. Related circuits and components for realizing communication functions and / or routing functions can also be provided on the circuit board 44. For example, communication components such as a modem, a radio frequency module, and antenna matching can be provided on the circuit board 44. A layer in the circuit board 44 (such as the bottom or top surface of a double-layer board, or a layer in a multi-layer board) can be provided with a large area of ​​metal to provide a zero potential reference in the electronic device. For example, this large area of ​​metal can be used as a reference ground for radio frequency lines, radio frequency devices, or electronic components such as antennas in radio frequency modules. In such Figure 4 In the example, the circuit board 44 can be arranged in the xoy plane. In some embodiments, a battery can also be arranged on the circuit board 44, and the battery can be used to power other electronic components and / or rectify and transform the electrical signal connected to the external power supply, so that the processed electrical signal can be used to power the electronic components in the electronic device.

[0068] In this example, if Figure 4 As shown, an antenna bracket may be provided between the circuit board 44 and the housing 41. In some embodiments, the antenna bracket may include a bracket 42 and a bracket 43. The bracket 43 may be used to provide support in the xoz plane or the yoz plane. The bracket 42 may be used to provide support in the xoy plane in the housing 41 away from the circuit board 44. It should be noted that Figure 4 The antenna bracket composition including bracket 42 and bracket 43 shown is only an example. In other embodiments, the antenna bracket may also include only one of the bracket 42 or the bracket 43, and the shape of the bracket 42 or the bracket 43 may also be different from the above. Figure 4 This embodiment of the present application does not limit this.

[0069] An antenna can be arranged on the antenna bracket to support the wireless communication function of the electronic device. For example, the antenna arranged on the antenna bracket can be in any of the following forms: flexible printed circuit (FPC), metal stamping, laser direct structuring (LDS), etc.

[0070] For example, the antenna solution provided in the embodiment of the present application has a low-profile structural feature, that is, it does not require a large z-direction size requirement. Then, as a possible implementation, the antenna solution can be set on the bracket 42, or the antenna can be set on the inner side of the housing 41, thereby providing vertically polarized communication characteristics for the electronic device. For example, please refer to Figure 5 On the bracket 42, an antenna 51 may be provided, and the antenna 51 may have the structural features of the antenna solution provided in the embodiment of the present application, so as to realize the electronic device to transmit and receive vertically polarized waves. The specific structural composition of the antenna 51 will be described in detail in the subsequent description.

[0071] It should be noted that a feed source may also be provided on the antenna provided in the embodiment of the present application. The feed source may be coupled to the RF module on the circuit board 44, and is used to transmit the transmission signal from the RF module to the antenna when the signal is transmitted, so that the antenna converts the transmission signal into an electromagnetic wave with a vertical polarization characteristic for transmission. When receiving the signal, the feed source can transmit the analog signal converted from the vertical polarization wave received by the antenna to the RF module, so that it can be transmitted to the processor for parsing and obtaining the information carried by the received signal after being processed in the RF domain of the RF module. In the subsequent description, the structural features of the antenna provided in the embodiment of the present application will be described in detail. In different antenna structures, a feed source may be provided, and the connection between the feed source and the circuit board 44 may follow the above description, and will not be repeated later.

[0072] The antenna scheme provided in the embodiment of the present application may include multiple basic radiating units. Each basic radiating unit can be located in the xoy plane, and multiple basic radiating units can be coupled respectively to obtain the antenna structure provided in the embodiment of the present application. In some implementations, the basic radiating unit may also be referred to as a zero-order mode unit. The mode generated by the zero-order mode unit may be referred to as a zero-order mode. The zero-order mode may correspond to a mode of uniformly distributed electric field excitation between the radiator and the reference ground.

[0073] For example, please refer to Figure 6 , is a schematic diagram of a basic radiation unit provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 6 As shown, the basic radiation unit may include a radiator 61, and an inductor LL may be provided on the radiator 61 to be grounded. For example, the inductor LL may be provided at one end of the radiator 61. Figure 6 In the example of , the radiator 61 and the reference ground can be arranged in parallel or nearly parallel, that is, the radiator 61 itself is not directly connected to the reference ground. Then, when the basic radiating unit is working, an equivalent capacitance can be obtained by the radiator 61 and the reference ground. It should be noted that in different implementations, the inductor LL can be as follows: Figure 6 The lumped inductance shown is realized by the inductor device, or it can be a distributed inductance formed by the conductive traces.

[0074] For Figure 6 For the basic radiating unit shown, a feed source for exciting the basic radiating unit can be set on the radiator 61. Exemplarily, the feed source can be set at the midpoint of the radiator 61 or at one end away from the ground inductor LL. It can be understood that for a general wire antenna, such as an IFA antenna, the electric field distribution between the radiator and the reference ground is uneven during its operation. For example, the electric field strength near the feed source is less than the electric field strength far from the feed source.

[0075] In such Figure 6 In the basic radiation unit, the feed source is set at the end of the radiator 61 away from the ground inductor LL. As the end away from the feed source is provided with the inductor LL grounded, then, due to the energy storage characteristics of the inductor for magnetic energy, when the current on the radiator 61 is reversed due to the change of the feed signal, the current change of the radiator 61 will be delayed compared with the voltage change, thereby obtaining a stronger electric field distribution at the end away from the feed source. For example, in Figure 6 When the basic radiation unit shown is working, the electric field distribution is as follows Figure 7 As shown, it can be seen that a uniformly distributed electric field is obtained between the radiator 61 and the reference ground.

[0076] The basic radiating unit in this example is only an example, which belongs to a type of magnetic flux loop antenna. In other implementations, the basic radiating unit can also be other types of magnetic flux loop antennas. For a specific introduction to the magnetic flux loop antenna, please refer to the patent applications with application dates of September 3, 2021 and application numbers of 2021110346044, 2021110333843, 202111034603X and 2021110346114, which will not be repeated here.

[0077] In the embodiment of the present application, the basic radiation unit is as follows Figure 6 Taking the structure shown as an example, the structural features of the antenna provided in the embodiment of the present application can correspond to the serial connection of multiple basic radiation units.

[0078] Exemplary, combined Figure 6 as well as Figure 7 , please refer to Figure 8 , is a schematic diagram of a structure of an antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 8 In the example, multiple basic radiation units may be included. The radiators of the multiple basic radiation units may be connected end to end to form the antenna. When connected in series, the reference grounds corresponding to the various basic radiation units may be located on the same side. For example, the multiple basic radiation units may include a basic radiation unit A, a basic radiation unit B, and a basic radiation unit C. Reference Figure 6, the radiator of the basic radiating unit A is radiator 61A, the radiator of the basic radiating unit B is radiator 61B, and the radiator of the basic radiating unit C is radiator 61C. Then, in the case Figure 8 In the example, the end of radiator 61A away from the ground inductor can be connected to the end of radiator 61B close to the ground inductor, the end of radiator 61B away from the ground inductor can be connected to the end of radiator 61C close to the ground inductor, and the end of radiator 61C away from the ground inductor can be connected to the end of radiator 61A close to the ground inductor, so that the radiators of each basic radiating unit (basic radiating unit A, B, C) can form a closed structure in the xoy plane. If the antenna includes N basic radiating units, by analogy, the end of radiator 61A away from the ground inductor can be connected to the end of radiator 61B close to the ground inductor, the end of radiator 61B away from the ground inductor can be connected to the end of radiator 61C close to the ground inductor, and the end of radiator 61C away from the ground inductor can be connected to the end of radiator 61N close to the ground inductor. The radiator 61N of the basic radiating unit N ( Figure 8 The end of the radiator 61A (not shown) away from the ground inductor can be connected to the end of the radiator 61A close to the ground inductor. Thus, the radiators of each basic radiating unit can form a closed structure in the xoy plane. Inside the closed structure, the inductors of each basic radiating unit can be connected to the reference ground. Figure 6 as well as Figure 7 , each basic radiation unit in the antenna solution provided in the embodiment of the present application can meet the radiation characteristics of the magnetic current ring antenna. Therefore, in some implementations, the antenna solution provided in the embodiment of the present application can also be called a negative dielectric constant antenna (Epsilon-Negative Antenna, ENG) antenna solution.

[0079] It should be understood that, in conjunction with Figure 7 As explained in the previous section, due to the structural characteristics of the basic radiation unit, each basic radiation unit has a vertical polarization characteristic. Therefore, the N basic radiation units in the same plane form Figure 8 The antenna shown in Figure 1 also has vertical polarization characteristics. Figure 8 The components of the antenna shown are all distributed in the xoy plane, so there is no need for a large z-height requirement. Thus, the ENG antenna of the ground profile provided in the embodiment of the present application can be obtained.

[0080] Above Figure 8 In the description, the basic radiation unit has Figure 6 The structure shown is taken as an example. In the embodiment of the present application, the basic radiation unit may also be composed of other structures.

[0081] For example, please refer to Fig. 9 , is a schematic diagram of another basic radiation unit provided in an embodiment of the present application. Fig. 9 As shown, Figure 6 Compared with the basic radiating unit shown in the figure, in this example, the radiator 61 can be transformed into an arc radiator 91. In this way, after a plurality of basic radiators are connected in series, a closed circular ring structure can be obtained by connecting a plurality of arc radiators 91 in series.

[0082] In this example, the ground inductor LL can be transformed into a radiator 93. It can be seen that the radiator 93 realizes the function of the ground inductor LL in the form of a serpentine line, which is also a distributed inductor. In some embodiments, the serpentine line can be described as a structure formed by connecting multiple U-shaped structures with opening directions that differ by 180 degrees. For details, please refer to Fig. 9 The radiator 93 shown. The electrical length of the radiator 93 can correspond to the inductance of the ground inductor LL. By controlling the line width of the serpentine line and the maximum width of the outline of the radiator 93 formed by the serpentine line, the control of the inductance corresponding to the electrical length of the radiator 93 can be achieved.

[0083] In this example, the reference ground can be realized by the radiator 92. The radiator 92 can have a fan-shaped structure. In this way, after the multiple basic radiators are connected in series, the connection of the multiple radiators 92 can obtain an area significantly larger than the ring structure radiator corresponding to the radiator 93. Due to the significant difference in the area, when feeding the ring structure, the corresponding metal area after the multiple radiators 92 are connected in series can be used as an effective and stable reference ground.

[0084] Similar to Figure 6 The description is as follows Fig. 9 In the example of the basic radiation unit shown in FIG. 1 , since the radiator 91 is not directly connected to the radiator 92 as the reference ground, the distributed capacitance effect can also be obtained, corresponding to Fig. 9 The distributed capacitance CR is shown.

[0085] exist Fig. 9 On the basis of Fig.10 The basic radiating element is shown as Fig. 9 In the case of the composition shown, a plurality of basic radiating units are connected in series to obtain an ENG antenna. Fig.10As shown, the radiators 92 of two adjacent basic radiating units can be connected in series. For example, one end of two adjacent basic radiating units close to the radiator 93 is connected to the end away from the radiator 93 respectively. Thus, through the serial connection of multiple basic radiating units, since the radiators 91 are all arc-shaped structures, and during the serial connection process, the radiators 92 of each radiating unit are all located on the same side of the radiator 91, thereby, multiple radiators 91 can be connected in series to form a closed circular ring structure. Correspondingly, multiple radiators 92 are connected in series to form a circular structure in a closed circular ring structure. The circular ring structure can be connected to the circular structure through multiple radiators 93.

[0086] As an example, take N equals 4, that is, 4 basic radiation units are connected in series. Fig.11 The figure shows a schematic diagram of an ENG antenna composed of four basic radiation units, wherein the ENG antenna includes four basic radiation units, and the arc length of the radiator 91 of each basic radiation unit corresponds to a central angle of 90 degrees. As another example, taking N equal to 8, that is, 8 basic radiation units are connected in series, Fig.12 The figure shows a schematic diagram of an ENG antenna composed of eight basic radiating units, wherein the ENG antenna includes eight basic radiating units, and the arc length of the radiator 91 of each basic radiating unit corresponds to a central angle of 45 degrees. By analogy, an ENG antenna composed when N is any integer greater than or equal to 2 can be obtained.

[0087] It can be seen that from the overall perspective, combined Fig.11 as well as Fig.12 As shown, the ENG antenna may have a rotationally symmetrical structural feature. The rotational symmetry center of the rotational symmetry is the geometric center of the ENG antenna, that is, the center of the solid circular structure surrounded by the N radiators 92 in the N basic radiating units. The rotation angle of the rotational symmetry can be determined according to the number of basic radiating units that surround the ENG antenna. For example, the rotation angle of the antenna composed of N basic radiating units is 360° / N. For example, Fig.11 In the example where N is equal to 4, the rotation angle can be 360° / 4=90°. Fig.12 In the example where N is equal to 8, the rotation angle can be 360° / 8=45°.

[0088] Above Figure 6-Figure 12 The description of the ENG antenna provided in the embodiment of the present application is explained from the perspective of the basic radiation unit. From another perspective, the ENG antenna provided in the embodiment of the present application can also be explained from the perspective of the overall structural composition.

[0089] For example, please refer to Fig.13, is a schematic diagram of an ENG antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application. Take N=8 as an example. The antenna may include a radiator 131, a radiator 132 and a plurality of radiators 133. Among them, the radiator 131 may be in a closed ring shape. The radiator 132 may be circular. The radiator 132 is arranged inside the radiator 131. The area of ​​the radiator 132 is smaller than the inner circle area of ​​the ring radiator 131. The radiator 131 and the radiator 132 may be connected through N radiators 133. In this example, N may be equal to 8. The radiator 133 may have a variety of different structural implementations, such as Fig.13 The radiator 133 can be evenly arranged in the annular gap between the radiator 131 and the radiator 132. For example, the angle between the positions of any two adjacent radiators 133 and the center of the radiator 131 or the center of the radiator 132 is the same. This makes the ENG antenna have a rotationally symmetrical structural feature.

[0090] It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present application, the radiator 132 can serve as the zero potential reference of the ENG antenna, that is, the reference ground. In the specific implementation process, since the ENG antenna can be set as follows Figure 5 On the bracket 42 shown, the bracket 42 and the circuit board 44 may have a certain height difference in the Z direction. Therefore, in this example, the radiator 132 may not need to be connected to the reference ground on the circuit board 44, but may be used as an independent reference ground of the ENG antenna.

[0091] Above Figure 9-13 The description of the ENG antenna provided in the embodiment of the present application is all from the perspective of the radiator. It should be understood that the ENG antenna provided in the embodiment of the present application may also be provided with a feed source. Figure 6 The description is as follows Figure 9-13 In the antenna schematic diagram described in , the feed source can be set at the center of the outer radiator (i.e., radiator 91) of any basic radiating unit, or the feed source can be set at one end of any basic radiating unit that is different from the radiator 93.

[0092] As an example, the feed source can be set at the center of the outer radiator (i.e., radiator 91) of any basic radiating unit. Fig.13 For the structural description, take N equal to 4 as an example. Please refer to Fig.14 The ENG antenna may include an outer closed ring radiator 131, a circular radiator 132 concentrically arranged with the radiator 131, and four radiators 133 uniformly arranged in the ring gap between the radiator 131 and the radiator 132, such as radiator 133A, radiator 133B, radiator 133C, and radiator 133D. Fig.14As shown, the feed source can be set in the middle of any two adjacent radiators 133. For example, the feed source can be set in the middle of the radiator 133A and the radiator 133B, connected to the radiator 131, to achieve the excitation of the ENG antenna. Fig.14 In the example of, the feed source may include a positive and a negative electrode, the positive electrode of the feed source may be connected to the radiator 131, and the negative electrode of the feed source may be connected to the radiator 132, so as to achieve excitation of the antenna. In other embodiments, the positive electrode of the feed source may be connected to the radiator 132, and the negative electrode of the feed source may be connected to the radiator 131, so as to achieve excitation of the antenna.

[0093] It should be understood that in the above Fig.14 The description of the feed position is combined with Fig.13 From the perspective of the basic radiation unit, the structure between the radiator 133A and the radiator 133B can correspond to a basic radiation unit. The outer radiator corresponding to the basic radiation unit can be the part between the radiator 133A and the radiator 133B. Then, in the above description, the middle position between the radiator 133A and the radiator 133B also corresponds to the center position of the basic radiator.

[0094] In some other examples of the present application, the feed source may be provided at an end of any basic radiation unit different from the radiator 93. Fig.13 For the structural description, take N equal to 4 as an example. Please refer to Fig.15 , the ENG antenna can have Fig.14 Similar structural composition. In this example, the feed source can be set at the position of any radiator 133. The radiator 133 at the corresponding position may no longer be set. It should be understood that, in combination with the above description, the feed source can be set at an end of the basic radiating unit that is different from the ground inductor. After multiple basic radiating units are connected in series, for two adjacent basic radiating units, the end of a basic radiating unit that is different from the ground inductor corresponds to the end of the adjacent basic radiating unit that is close to the ground inductor. Therefore, when the feed source is set at an end of a basic radiating unit away from the ground inductor, the position of the feed source can coincide with the position of the adjacent ground inductor. In this way, from the perspective of the ENG antenna as a whole, the ground inductor at the corresponding position can be replaced by the feed source, thereby realizing the feeding of the antenna. As Fig.15 As shown, a feed source may be provided at the position of the radiator 133B, and the corresponding radiator 133B may not be provided. Similarly, when the position of the feed source coincides with that of other radiators 133, the corresponding radiator 133 may not be provided.

[0095] With Fig.15Similarly, when N is equal to other integers greater than or equal to 2, the corresponding ENG antenna can also be obtained based on a similar mechanism.

[0096] For example, Fig.16 An ENG antenna is shown when N is equal to 8. Fig.16 In the example of , the radiator 133 corresponding to the ground inductance function may include radiator 133A-radiator 133G, a total of 7. The number is less than the value of N because in this example, the feed source is set at a position between the radiator 133B and the radiator 133C, which can correspond to an end of a basic radiating unit away from the ground inductor. That is, when the feed source is set at a different position on the basic radiating unit than at both ends, the ENG antenna with N equal to 8, in the example Fig.16 A radiator 133 may also be provided at the feed position shown, for connecting the radiator 131 and the radiator 132 .

[0097] As a specific implementation method, the ENG antenna provided in the embodiment of the present application can be set on the electronic device by means of FPC or the like. Fig.16 Please refer to Fig.17 , which are illustrations of two different viewing angles when the ENG antenna involved in an embodiment of the present application is set on an electronic device. Illustrations of the antenna at a 45° viewing angle and a top-down viewing angle are provided. When the antenna is an FPC, the radiator part can realize its radiation function through a metal (such as copper, silver, etc.) area provided on the FPC substrate. Correspondingly, the negative pole of the feed source can be connected to the internal radiator of the antenna (such as radiator 132), and the positive pole of the feed source can be connected to the external radiator of the antenna (such as radiator 131). Thereby realizing the feeding direction from the inside to the outside.

[0098] In the above example, the structural features of the ENG antenna provided in the embodiment of the present application are mainly described. The radiation features of the ENG antenna provided in the embodiment of the present application will be described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0099] For example, the basic radiation unit corresponding to the ENG antenna provided in the embodiment of the present application has the following Fig. 9 For the equivalent circuit, please refer to Fig.18 The basic radiation unit can be equivalent to the effect of a series inductor LR, a parallel inductor LL and a parallel capacitor CR between the ports.

[0100] The inductance LR may correspond to the electrical length of the radiator 91 itself. The inductance LL may correspond to the ground inductance between the radiator and the reference ground (such as the radiator 92). Fig.17In the example of , the ground inductance may correspond to the radiator 93. The capacitor CR may correspond to the equivalent capacitance between the radiator 91 and the radiator 92. Based on the equivalent circuit, the resonance characteristics of the basic radiation unit may be analyzed and obtained.

[0101] For example, the resonance characteristics of the basic radiation unit can be obtained according to the wave equation and the above equivalent circuit. The wave equation can be shown in the following formula (1).

[0102]

[0103] Where β(w) is the phase constant and can be set to 0. ω is the frequency, and LR, CR, and LL correspond to Fig.18 The inductance, capacitance and inductance in the equivalent circuit shown. It can be seen that by setting ω as the operating frequency and the phase constant to 0, the values ​​of LR, CR and LL can be calculated and obtained, which can be used as a reference for the size limitation of the basic radiation unit.

[0104] Combination Fig.18 The radiation characteristics of a basic radiation unit are analyzed in FIG. 1 . The ENG antenna composed of multiple basic radiation units has the following equivalent circuit: Fig.19 That is, the ENG antenna obtained by serially connecting multiple basic radiation units can correspond to multiple Fig.18 The equivalent circuit shown is connected in series. Combined with the above description, when the ENG antenna is working, a uniformly distributed electric field can be formed between LR and the reference ground, and the electric field corresponds to the same phase in the same structure of each basic radiation unit. Therefore, when the ENG antenna is working, it can have a uniform vertical polarization characteristic in all directions. In other words, when the ENG antenna is working, it can take into account both vertical polarization characteristics and omnidirectionality.

[0105] It should be noted that the radiation characteristics of the ENG antenna formed based on the basic radiation unit may be related to the basic radiation unit. For example, the operating frequency band of the ENG antenna may be determined based on the LR, CR and LL of any one of the basic radiation units.

[0106] As an example, take the ENG antenna provided in the embodiment of the present application working in the 5G WIFI frequency band (such as 5150MHz-5850MHz) as an example. For the basic radiation unit, the inductance LR corresponding to the radiator 91 can be included in the range of [1nH, 4nH], the equivalent capacitance CR between the radiator 91 and the radiator 92 can be included in the range of [0.1pF, 1pF], and the equivalent inductance LL of the radiator 93 can be included in the range of [1nH, 5nH].

[0107] As another example, take the ENG antenna provided in the embodiment of the present application operating in the medium and high frequency band (such as 1710MHz-2700MHz) as an example. For the basic radiation unit, the inductance LR corresponding to the radiator 91 can be included in the range of [3nH, 10nH], the equivalent capacitance CR between the radiator 91 and the radiator 92 can be included in the range of [0.3pF, 2pF], and the equivalent inductance LL of the radiator 93 can be included in the range of [3nH, 15nH].

[0108] It should be understood that for other operating frequency bands, the corresponding CR, LL and LR conditions can be determined in combination with formula (1) in the above description, and the corresponding structural dimensions can be set corresponding to the CR, LL and LR respectively.

[0109] It should be noted that, in the embodiments of the present application, the names of the various components may also be different from the names in the above description. Fig.13 For example, the radiator 131 may also be referred to as the first radiator, and the radiator 132 may also be referred to as the second radiator. The radiator 133 may also be a specific implementation of the inductor component. From a structural perspective, the radiator 133 may also be described as a metal body evenly distributed in a serpentine shape and disposed in the gap between the first radiator and the second radiator.

[0110] The following will provide the Fig.16 or Fig.17 or Fig.19 The simulation results of the antenna shown in the figure illustrate the actual working condition of the antenna, and further serve as evidence of the vertical polarization characteristics and good radiation performance of the ENG antenna provided in the embodiment of the present application. The working frequency band of the antenna is 5G WIFI as an example. Figure 16-Figure 19 In this example, the antenna is implemented by a copper-clad FPC, the inner circle radius of the radiator 131 can be 10mm-25mm, the radius of the radiator 132 can be 8mm-15mm, and the maximum width of the profile of the radiator 133 can be 1mm-6mm. When the radiator 133 is implemented by a serpentine distributed inductor, the wire diameter of the radiator 133 can be between 0.1mm-0.3mm. For example, the inner circle radius of the radiator 131 can be 19mm, the radius of the radiator 132 can be 12mm, and the maximum width of the profile of the radiator 133 can be 3mm.

[0111] Please refer to Fig. 20, which is a schematic diagram of the electric field simulation of the ENG antenna provided in the embodiment of the present application. It can be seen that at the current moment, the transmitting end of the electric field can be on the reference ground, and the incident end of the electric field can be on the radiator of the basic radiating unit. Then, from the perspective of the far field, the electric field can radiate outward perpendicular to the plane where the reference ground is located near the reference ground, and near the radiator of the basic radiating unit, the electric field can radiate inward perpendicular to the plane where the radiator is located (that is, the plane where the reference ground is located), and radiate into the basic radiating unit. In other words, in various parts of the antenna, the direction of the electric field is perpendicular to the plane where the reference ground is located. Therefore, the antenna has a vertical polarization characteristic. Please refer to Fig.21 , is a schematic diagram of the S-parameter simulation of the ENG antenna provided in the embodiment of the present application. Fig.21 As shown in the figure, the return loss (S11) of the antenna presents a single resonance, with the deepest point near 5.5GHz and a -12dB bandwidth of more than 400MHz. The radiation efficiency of the antenna (i.e., the highest efficiency that can be achieved when the port is fully matched) is close to 0dB in the 5G WIFI band. The system efficiency of the antenna (i.e., the actual efficiency under the current port matching) is more than -2dB in the 5G WIFI band, and the efficiency bandwidth is good. Therefore, Fig.16 or Fig.17 or Fig.19 The antenna shown can provide good radiation performance covering the working frequency band.

[0112] Fig. 22 A simulation diagram of the ENG antenna provided in the embodiment of the present application in two polarization directions (such as Theta and Phi) is given. Fig. 22 The absolute value (ABS) of the ENG antenna's overall radiation pattern is also given. Fig. 22 As shown in the figure, the directional pattern shape and amplitude of the ABS and Theta components are basically the same, the gain is maximum at a pitch angle of about 60 degrees, the directional pattern zero points are at the equatorial plane and the two poles, and other directions have good omnidirectional coverage capabilities. Compared with the ABS and Theta directions, the directional pattern distribution in the Phi direction is weaker. Therefore, the vertical component in the gain distribution indicated by the directional pattern is almost the same as the total gain distribution, so it conforms to the vertical polarization characteristics. At the same time, since all components of the antenna are set in a plane (such as the xoy plane), it has a low profile characteristic.

[0113] like Figure 18-Figure 19 The equivalent circuit of the ENG antenna shows that the inductance LL, capacitance CR and inductance LR that constitute the basic radiation unit of the ENG antenna have a significant impact on the working condition of the entire antenna. The following will combine simulation comparison to explain the resonance shift of the ENG antenna when the inductance LL, capacitance CR and inductance LR change.

[0114] For example, please refer to Fig.23 , which is the S11 comparison when the inductance LL is 2nH, 3nH and 5nH with the same other parameters. It can be seen that the smaller the inductance LL value, the higher the resonance frequency. Please refer to Fig.24 , which is the comparison of S11 when the capacitor CR is 0.1pF and 0.2pF with the same other parameters. It can be seen that the smaller the capacitor CR value, the higher the resonance frequency. Please refer to Fig.25 , is the S11 comparison of the case where the antenna is composed of 6 basic radiating units and 8 basic radiating units when the external dimensions of the antenna remain unchanged. It can be understood that when the external dimensions remain unchanged, the more basic radiating units there are, the smaller the length of the corresponding radiator 91, that is, the smaller the LR. In other words, in the antenna composed of 8 basic radiating units (abbreviated as 8 units), its LR is smaller than the LR of the antenna composed of 6 units. Fig.25 As shown, the resonance of the antenna composed of 6 basic radiation units is lower in frequency than the resonance of the antenna composed of 8 basic radiation units. Therefore, the smaller the inductance LR is, the higher the resonance is.

[0115] That is, by increasing the value of any one of LR, CR, and LL, the purpose of tuning the ENG antenna operating frequency band to a low frequency can be achieved. Correspondingly, by decreasing the value of any one of LR, CR, and LL, the purpose of tuning the ENG antenna operating frequency band to a high frequency can be achieved. Combined with the above formula (1), when β(w) is set to 0, LR, CR, or LL and ω all have an inverse relationship, which is also consistent with the above simulation results.

[0116] Therefore, through the above Figure 6-Figure 25 Through the description and verification, those skilled in the art should be able to have a comprehensive and clear understanding of the ENG antenna provided in the embodiment of the present application. It should be noted that in the above description, the ENG antenna composed of N basic radiating units can be circular. In other embodiments of the present application, based on the structures of different basic radiating units, the ENG antenna obtained after serial connection can also be of other shapes. In addition, in some implementations, each basic radiating unit constituting the ENG antenna may also include one or more parts that are different in structure from other basic radiating units. This part can be flexibly set according to the actual environment (such as structural avoidance, etc.). Although this will cause a certain distortion in the directional diagram in the corresponding direction, it does not affect the vertical polarization characteristics of the entire antenna. Therefore, this situation should also be included in the protection scope of the solution provided in the embodiment of the present application.

[0117] In the above example, a low-profile vertical polarization antenna solution is provided. As an application, the ENG antenna solution can also be used together with other horizontal polarization antenna solutions to form a new MIMO antenna system. The two antennas can be provided with feed sources respectively, thereby forming a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system. For example, Fig.26 A schematic diagram of a MIMO communication scenario is given. In this example, the communicating electronic devices include multiple mobile phones and a router. In the MIMO scenario, take the example of a mobile phone sending a signal to a router for communication. Mobile phone 1 can communicate with antenna 1 and antenna 2 in the router. In addition, mobile phone 2 can also communicate with antenna 1 and antenna 2 in the router. In this way, for the router, antenna 1 and antenna 2 can work simultaneously to send and receive signals, thereby improving the throughput. For mobile phone 1 or mobile phone 2, since it can communicate with the two antennas of the router at the same time, it can also improve the reliability and throughput of the communication process.

[0118] Due to the position and posture of the mobile phone, the relative position relationship between mobile phone 1 or mobile phone 2 and antenna 1 or antenna 2 in the router may be different or changed. Therefore, the signal between mobile phone 1 (or mobile phone 2) and antenna 1 (or antenna 2) may be a vertically polarized wave or a horizontally polarized wave. Then, in order to achieve efficient communication with each mobile phone, the router needs to be able to effectively receive both vertically polarized waves and horizontally polarized waves. This means that the MIMO antenna system composed of antenna 1 and antenna 2 in the router needs to have both vertical polarization characteristics and horizontal polarization characteristics.

[0119] In an embodiment of the present application, a MIMO antenna system is provided, which can be set in a router. Based on the ENG antenna in the above description, combined with horizontal polarization antennas such as MNG antennas, the MIMO antenna system can provide vertical polarization characteristics and horizontal polarization characteristics. Due to the low-profile structural characteristics of the ENG antenna, the size requirements of the MIMO antenna system in the height direction (such as the Z direction) can be greatly reduced. In the following description, the horizontal polarization characteristics provided by the MNG antenna are taken as an example. The ENG antenna can also be called the first antenna, corresponding to Fig.26 The MNG antenna can be called the second antenna, corresponding to Fig.26 Another antenna different from the ENG antenna.

[0120] For example, please refer to Fig. 27 , which is a schematic diagram of an MNG antenna solution. The MNG antenna may have horizontal polarization characteristics. Fig. 27As shown, the MNG antenna can be arranged in the xoy plane. The MNG antenna can be composed of a plurality of basic units, and the structure of each basic unit is the same or similar. A coupling gap is arranged between each basic unit. In other words, each basic unit is not directly connected to each other, but is electrically coupled through the coupling gap. Fig. 27 In the example of , the MNG antenna may include 8 basic units. In other implementations, the number of basic units included in the MNG antenna may also be any other integer greater than or equal to 2.

[0121] In this example, the two ends of multiple basic units can be coupled and connected through coupling gaps. For example, any basic unit can be adjacent to two other basic units, and can be coupled and connected through two coupling gaps. In this way, taking the MNG antenna including M basic units as an example, the two ends of the basic unit 1 can be coupled and connected with the basic unit M and one end of the basic unit 2, respectively, and the two ends of the basic unit 2 can be coupled and connected with the basic unit 1 and one end of the basic unit 3, respectively. By analogy, the two ends of the basic unit M-1 can be coupled and connected with the basic unit M-2 and one end of the basic unit M, respectively, and the two ends of the basic unit M can be coupled and connected with the basic unit M-1 and one end of the basic unit 1, respectively. In this example, the coupling connection of two adjacent basic units through coupling gaps is taken as an example. In other implementations of the present application, two adjacent basic units can also be implemented by series capacitance. That is to say, two adjacent basic units can be coupled by distributed capacitance, or they can be connected by lumped capacitance (such as a capacitor device).

[0122] It should be noted that, in the present application, the radiator of MNG can also be described as a third radiator arranged in a ring shape.

[0123] In this way, the multiple basic units are connected through the coupling slots respectively, and can form a serial connection with the ENG antenna in the above example, thereby forming a circular ring including multiple penetrating coupling slots.

[0124] When the structures of the basic units constituting the MNG antenna are the same, the corresponding MNG antenna may have a rotationally symmetric structural feature. The rotational symmetry center of the rotational symmetry is the center of the MNG antenna. The rotation angle of the rotational symmetry may be determined according to the number M of the basic units constituting the MNG antenna. For example, the rotation angle may be 360° / M.

[0125] A feed source may also be provided in the MNG antenna. Fig. 27 In the example, the feed source can be set in the middle of any basic unit. Exemplarily, the feed source can divide the radiator of any basic unit into two parts in the middle, and the feed source can be connected in series between the two radiators obtained by the division. Thus, the MNG antenna is fed.

[0126] Based on Fig. 27 The antenna shown in the figure shows that the operating frequency band of the MNG antenna can be determined according to the electrical length of the basic unit and the coupling capacitance between adjacent basic units. It should be understood that the electrical length of the basic unit can be equivalent to the inductance LR(M), and the coupling capacitance between adjacent basic units can be equivalent to the capacitance CL(M).

[0127] In some embodiments, when the operating frequency band of the MNG antenna includes 5G WIFI (such as 5150MHz-5850MHz), the value of LR(M) may be included in the range of [1nH, 4nH], and the value of CR(M) may be included in the range of [0.1pF, 1pF].

[0128] In other embodiments, when the operating frequency band of the MNG antenna includes medium and high frequencies (such as 1710 MHz-2700 MHz), the value of LR(M) may be within the range of [3nH, 10nH], and the value of CR(M) may be within the range of [0.1pF, 2pF].

[0129] It should be understood that as a current loop antenna, Fig. 27 The MNG antenna shown in the figure can form a uniformly distributed current in the circular metal structure when working, and is a horizontal current loop antenna. Since the structure is a magnetic dipole, its magnetic field is vertical, the corresponding electric field is horizontal, and the reference ground is also horizontal. The direction of the electric field is parallel to the reference ground, so the MNG antenna has a horizontal polarization characteristic.

[0130] Combined with the above description of ENG antenna, it can be seen that MNG antenna and ENG antenna have the characteristics of dual transmission structure. The two antenna schemes are complementary in spatial field distribution. Therefore, through the combination of MNG antenna and ENG antenna, rich polarization characteristics can be obtained, and their respective deficiencies can be compensated from the direction of radiation pattern and polarization direction to obtain better radiation coverage.

[0131] For example, please refer to Fig.28, is a schematic diagram of the logical composition of a MIMO antenna system provided in an embodiment of the present application. The MIMO antenna system provided in an embodiment of the present application may include at least one vertically polarized antenna and at least one horizontally polarized antenna. Among them, in order to make the MIMO antenna system have a low-profile structural feature, in this example, the at least one vertically polarized antenna and the at least one horizontally polarized antenna included in the MIMO antenna system also have a low-profile structural feature. For example, the components of at least one vertically polarized antenna and at least one horizontally polarized antenna can be arranged in the same plane, or the components of at least one vertically polarized antenna and at least one horizontally polarized antenna can be arranged in a space whose height (such as z-direction height) does not exceed a preset height threshold. As an example, taking the MIMO antenna system including a low-profile horizontally polarized antenna and a low-profile vertically polarized antenna as an example, the low-profile horizontally polarized antenna can be an MNG antenna. In some embodiments, the MNG antenna can have the following features: Fig. 27 The low profile vertically polarized antenna may be an ENG antenna. In some embodiments, the ENG antenna may have a Figure 6-Figure 19 The composition of any one of the antennas involved.

[0132] For example, please refer to Fig.29 , is a schematic diagram of the composition of a MIMO antenna system provided in an embodiment of the present application, wherein N=M=8, that is, the MNG antenna includes 8 basic units and the ENG antenna includes 8 basic radiation units as an example.

[0133] like Fig.29 As shown, in the MIMO antenna system, the MNG antenna can be arranged outside the ENG antenna. For example, the radiator of the ENG antenna can be arranged inside the circular ring corresponding to the MGN antenna. In some embodiments, the geometric center of the MNG antenna coincides with that of the ENG antenna.

[0134] The ENG antenna may be provided with a feed source B, which may replace the position of any ground inductor in the ENG antenna. Combined with the above description of the setting of the ENG antenna feed point, in other embodiments, the feed source B may also be provided in the middle of any basic radiation unit that constitutes the ENG antenna. Fig.29 In the example of , the MNG antenna may be provided with a feed source A, and the feed source A may be provided in the middle position of any basic unit of the MNG antenna. Fig.29 The arrangement of feed A and feed B in the diagram is merely an example, and the embodiment of the present application does not limit the relative arrangement position relationship between feed A and feed B.

[0135] like Fig.29As shown, the spatial positions of the radiators, feed sources, etc. of the MNG antenna and the ENG antenna have no requirements on the height z direction, so the MNG antenna and the ENG antenna can be set in the xoy plane. In other words, the MIMO antenna system composed of the MNG antenna and the ENG antenna can have a low-profile structural characteristic.

[0136] In some embodiments, the MIMO antenna system can be implemented in the form of an FPC. The FPC substrate can be covered with metal traces by copper or silver coating, so that the MNG antenna and the ENG antenna can be arranged in the same plane. Fig.30 The 45° view and the top view of the MIMO antenna system in a specific implementation process are shown. Of course, in other embodiments, the MIMO antenna system can also implement the configuration of each antenna by any of the methods described above, such as LDS.

[0137] The MIMO antenna system provided in the embodiment of the present application can combine the radiation characteristics of the MNG antenna and the ENG antenna to provide omnidirectional radiation coverage including vertical polarization characteristics and horizontal polarization characteristics, while having good efficiency in the entire frequency band.

[0138] The following will describe the working conditions of the MIMO antenna system provided by the embodiment of the present application in combination with the simulation results. Fig.29 Take the composition shown as an example. Fig.29 The working conditions of the MNG antenna in the MIMO antenna system shown can be referred to Figure 20-Figure 25 Description.

[0139] It should be noted that if Fig.29 The size requirements of each component in the composition of the MIMO antenna system shown can refer to the description of the ENG antenna and the MNG antenna in the previous description, and will not be repeated here. For example, in the following simulation, for the ENG antenna, combined with Fig.19 , the radius of radiator 132 (i.e., the radius of the solid circle set inside the ENG antenna) can be set to 9.5mm, the gap distance between radiators 131 and 132 can be set to 2.2mm, and the width of radiator 131 can be set to 1.5mm. For the MNG antenna, the width of the basic unit can be set to 2.2mm, and the inner circle radius of the corresponding ring of the MNG antenna can be set to 14.7mm. The width of the hollow ring between the MNG antenna and the ENG antenna (i.e., the minimum distance from the outermost side of the ENG antenna to the inner side of the MNG) can be set to 1.5mm.

[0140] Please refer to Fig.31 , for example Fig.29 The simulation diagram of the MIMO antenna system is shown in FIG. Fig.31 As shown in the example, the ENG antenna and the MNG antenna can be used to jointly cover the working frequency band (such as the 5G WIFI frequency band). The radiation of the ENG antenna has been described in detail in the previous description and will not be repeated here. For the MNG antenna, at least 2 resonances can be generated. Fig.31 The current simulation shows that the low-frequency resonance generated by the MNG antenna can correspond to a current of uniform magnitude without reverse direction on the radiator, which is consistent with the radiation characteristics of the current loop antenna. It can also be called the zero-order mode corresponding to the MNG antenna, such as the zero-order mode (M). The current distribution corresponding to this zero-order mode is as follows: Fig.31 As shown in the left figure. The high-frequency resonance generated by the MNG antenna can correspond to the current distribution with two current reversal points (i.e., current zero points) on the radiator, which can correspond to the 1 / 2 wavelength mode in the loop mode (i.e., Loop mode). The current distribution corresponding to the loop mode is as follows: Fig.31 As shown in the figure on the right, MNG can simultaneously excite and obtain two resonances, thereby providing better bandwidth coverage for the MIMO antenna system.

[0141] Fig.31 The isolation simulation of the two antennas is also provided. It should be understood that in a multi-MIMO antenna system, especially when the operating frequency bands of two or more antennas are close or overlapped, mutual interference between the antennas is likely to occur. Corresponding to the S parameter, the larger the absolute value of the dual-port isolation, the smaller the mutual interference, and vice versa, the smaller the absolute value of the isolation, the greater the mutual interference. Combined with Fig.31 For example, in the MIMO antenna system provided in the embodiment of the present application, the dual-port isolation between the MNG antenna and the ENG antenna is below -30dB in the entire 5G WIFI frequency band. In other words, the absolute value of the isolation between the MNG antenna and the ENG antenna is large, indicating that the mutual influence between the two antennas is within a controllable range.

[0142] As mentioned above for Fig.29 In the present embodiment, the positions of the feed sources of the two antennas are not strictly limited. Since the radiation of the MNG antenna and the ENG antenna in the present application is relatively independent, the feed source settings at different positions will not significantly deteriorate the isolation. For example, please refer to Fig.32, showing a schematic diagram of isolation under the relative position relationship of two feed sources. Among them, the relative position relationship of the feed sources includes close setting and far setting. The close setting can be understood as that the two feed sources are set at the same angle relative to the same reference line. For example, taking the reference line as a vertical line passing through the geometric center of the antenna, when the angle between the line connecting the feed A of the MNG antenna and the geometric center and the reference line is ALPHA, the angle between the line connecting the feed B of the close ENG antenna and the geometric center and the reference line is also ALPHA. Correspondingly, in the case of far and close, when the angle between the line connecting the feed A of the MNG antenna and the geometric center and the reference line is ALPHA, the angle between the line connecting the feed B of the close ENG antenna and the geometric center and the reference line is also ALPHA+180°.

[0143] like Fig.32 As shown in the figure, in both cases, the antenna isolation does not change significantly and is below -30dB in the entire operating frequency band. Therefore, in different implementation environments, the feed positions of the two antennas in the MIMO antenna system can be flexibly configured according to specific circumstances.

[0144] Combined with the above descriptions of the MNG antenna and the ENG antenna, the directional pattern distribution shows that the MNG antenna has horizontal polarization characteristics and the ENG antenna has vertical polarization characteristics. In this example, after the two antennas are combined into a MIMO antenna system, the corresponding polarization characteristics do not change significantly, so that the entire MIMO antenna system can provide both horizontal polarization and vertical polarization characteristics. For example, please refer to Fig.33 , both the MNG antenna and the ENG antenna are omnidirectional. In addition, the two modes of the MNG antenna, such as the zero-order mode (M) and the Loop mode, have strong gains in the equatorial plane, which appears as horizontal polarization. In contrast, the ENG antenna has a smaller gain in the equatorial plane, and has a stronger gain distribution at an angle of 60°, which appears as vertical polarization. It can be seen that even if the two antennas are set in the same MIMO antenna system, due to the different structural distributions and working principles, such as the MNG antenna radiates based on the magnetic field, and the ENG antenna radiates based on the electric field. Their respective polarization characteristics have not changed significantly, so that the MIMO antenna system provided in the embodiment of the present application can simultaneously provide horizontal polarization characteristics and vertical polarization characteristics.

[0145] Although the present application has been described in conjunction with specific features and embodiments thereof, it is obvious that various modifications and combinations may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application. Accordingly, this specification and the drawings are merely exemplary illustrations of the present application as defined by the appended claims, and are deemed to have covered any and all modifications, variations, combinations or equivalents within the scope of the present application. Obviously, those skilled in the art may make various modifications and variations to the present application without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application. Thus, if these modifications and variations of the present application fall within the scope of the claims of the present application and their equivalents, the present application is also intended to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A terminal antenna, characterized in that: The terminal antenna is arranged in an electronic device, and the terminal antenna comprises: a first radiator and a second radiator, the first radiator is in a ring structure, the second radiator is arranged inside the first radiator, the first radiator and the second radiator are not directly connected, and the first radiator and the second radiator are in the same plane; The terminal antenna further comprises at least two inductance components, one end of the inductance component is connected to the first radiator, and the other end of the inductance component is connected to the second radiator; The terminal antenna is also provided with a feed source, one end of the feed source is connected to the first radiator, and the other end of the feed source is connected to the second radiator; The inductor component is a metal body distributed in a serpentine line.

2. The terminal antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The at least two inductance components are distributed in a rotationally symmetrical manner in a gap between the first radiator and the second radiator.

3. The terminal antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that: The rotationally symmetric angle is 360 degrees divided by N, where N is the number of the inductor components.

4. The terminal antenna according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: The feed source is arranged at the position of the first inductance component, replacing the first inductance component, and the first inductance component is included in the at least two inductance components.

5. The terminal antenna according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: The feed source is arranged at a middle position between any two adjacent inductance components.

6. The terminal antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The first radiator presenting a ring-shaped structure includes: the first radiator presenting a circular ring structure; The second radiator is a circular structure; the geometric centers of the first radiator and the second radiator coincide with each other.

7. The terminal antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: When the operating frequency band of the terminal antenna includes 5150 MHz to 5850 MHz, The equivalent inductance of the first radiator between two adjacent inductance components is within the range of [1 nH, 4 nH]; the equivalent capacitance between the first radiator and the second radiator between two adjacent inductance components is within the range of [0.1 pF, 1 pF], and the equivalent inductance of the inductance component is within the range of [1 nH, 5 nH]; The area between the two adjacent inductor components does not include a feed source.

8. The terminal antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: When the operating frequency band of the terminal antenna includes 5150 MHz to 5850 MHz, The inner circle radius of the first radiator is within the range of [10mm, 25mm], the radius of the second radiator is within the range of [8mm, 15mm], and the maximum width of the contour of the serpentine-shaped inductor component is within the range of [1mm, 6mm]. The inner circle radius of the first radiator is greater than the radius of the second radiator.

9. The terminal antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: When the operating frequency band of the terminal antenna includes 1710 MHz to 2700 MHz, The equivalent inductance of the first radiator between two adjacent inductance components is included in the range of [3nH, 10nH]; the equivalent capacitance between the first radiator and the second radiator between two adjacent inductance components is included in the range of [0.3pF, 2pF], the equivalent inductance of the inductance component is included in the range of [3nH, 15nH], and no feed source is included between the two adjacent inductance components.

10. The terminal antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The antenna has a vertical polarization characteristic when in operation.

11. An electronic device, characterized in that: The electronic device is provided with a terminal antenna as described in any one of claims 1 to 10; when the electronic device transmits or receives a signal, the signal is transmitted or received through the terminal antenna.

12. The electronic device according to claim 11, characterized in that: The electronic device includes a router.

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