A cylindrical grinder reliability virtual loading device

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of mechanical reliability technology, and discloses a virtual loading device for the reliability of an external cylindrical grinding machine. The device includes a virtual grinding wheel, friction force device I, friction force device II, a virtual workpiece, and connecting components. The connecting components consist of a straight connecting rod in the X direction, a unidirectional loading device in the Y direction, and a bidirectional loading device in the Z direction. Friction force device I is mounted on the virtual grinding wheel, and friction force device II is mounted on the virtual workpiece. The virtual grinding wheel, friction force device I, friction force device II, and virtual workpiece are connected as a whole by the straight connecting rod in the X direction, the unidirectional loading device in the Y direction, and the bidirectional loading device in the Z direction. This virtual loading device can simultaneously apply the same force to the worktable and grinding wheel head spindle system of the external cylindrical grinding machine in the X, Y, and Z directions, and can also apply torques opposite to their rotational directions to the grinding wheel head spindle and the worktable spindle, thereby simulating the actual working conditions of the external cylindrical grinding machine.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of mechanical reliability technology, and in particular relates to a virtual loading device for the reliability of cylindrical grinding machines. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of science and technology, the level of my country's machine tool industry has been continuously improving. In recent years, my country's CNC machine tools have achieved continuous growth in output due to their low prices and high-quality after-sales service, reaching the world's leading level. However, the performance, quality, and machining accuracy of my country's CNC machine tools still lag behind those of high-end foreign CNC machine tools, especially in terms of machine tool reliability. Reliability tests must simulate the actual production environment to the greatest extent possible so that the data generated can be convincing. Therefore, the most important thing for grinding machine reliability tests is to simulate actual working conditions. However, domestic research on virtual loading devices for simulating actual working conditions of external cylindrical grinding machines is still shallow, and many enterprises can only conduct no-load operation tests on key functional components. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a virtual loading device for the reliability of cylindrical grinding machines. Taking the reciprocating motion direction of the workpiece during actual production as the X direction, the horizontal radial direction of the grinding wheel axis as the Y direction, and the vertical direction as the Z direction, this virtual loading device can simultaneously apply the same force to the worktable and grinding wheel head spindle system of the cylindrical grinding machine in the X, Y, and Z directions, and can also apply torques opposite to their rotation directions to the grinding wheel head spindle and the worktable spindle, thereby simulating the actual working conditions of the cylindrical grinding machine.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0005] A virtual loading device for the reliability of an external cylindrical grinding machine includes a virtual grinding wheel, a friction force device I, a friction force device II, a virtual workpiece, and a connector. The connector is divided into a straight connecting rod in the X direction, a unidirectional loading device in the Y direction, and a bidirectional loading device in the Z direction. Friction force device I is mounted on the virtual grinding wheel, and friction force device II is mounted on the virtual workpiece. The virtual grinding wheel, friction force device I, friction force device II, and virtual workpiece are connected as a whole by the straight connecting rod in the X direction, the unidirectional loading device in the Y direction, and the bidirectional loading device in the Z direction.

[0006] The virtual grinding wheel includes a threaded coupling and a bearing I. The inner ring of the threaded coupling is fixedly connected to the grinding wheel shaft, and the outer ring of the threaded coupling is fixedly connected to the brake disc. There is no relative movement between the grinding wheel shaft, the brake disc, and the threaded coupling. The bearing I is installed in the annular groove of the bearing frame I. The annular groove wall of the bearing frame I fixes the axial position of the bearing I, and all four inner sides of the bearing frame I are tangent to the bearing I. The inner ring of the bearing I is fitted onto the grinding wheel shaft. One end of the inner ring of the bearing I contacts the shoulder of the grinding wheel shaft, and the other end contacts the grinding wheel cover installed on the bearing frame I. The bearing frame I is fixedly equipped with frame connecting rod interfaces I in the X, Y, and Z directions.

[0007] The virtual workpiece includes a shaft-shaped cylinder. Two valve ports on the cylinder body are connected to corresponding air pressure screws via threads. The piston rod extension of the shaft-shaped cylinder is sequentially fitted with the workpiece brake disc and the inner ring of bearing II. The bearing II is installed in the annular groove of the bearing frame II. The annular groove wall of the bearing frame II fixes the axial position of the bearing II, and the four inner sides of the bearing frame II are tangent to the bearing II. The bearing frame II is fixed with frame connecting rod interfaces II in the X, Y, and Z directions.

[0008] Friction device I and friction device II have the same structure, both including a friction knob and a device bracket. The friction knob is fitted onto the friction cylinder, and the friction push rod located inside the friction knob passes through the friction cylinder, which is fixed to the top of the device bracket by bolts. The two are connected by threads. One end of the friction push rod is connected to one end of the friction push head by a friction thrust bearing, and the other end of the friction push head is fitted onto the drive rod. A gear cover is bolted to the device bracket below the friction cylinder. The gear cover and the device bracket form a cavity. One side of the device bracket is fixedly installed to one end of two gear shafts inside the cavity, and the other side of the device bracket is fixedly connected to the connecting rod interface. The drive gear and driven gear are rotatably mounted on the gear shafts, and the drive gear meshes with the driven gear. The two gear shafts extend to the outer parts of the drive gear and driven gear, and the drive rod and driven rod are installed thereon. One side of the drive rod and driven rod is located in the groove at the end of the drive gear and driven gear, respectively. The bottom of the drive rod and driven rod extends to the outer side of the cavity, and the ends are rotatably mounted to the brush head. The two brush heads are located on both sides of the brake disc or workpiece brake disc.

[0009] One end of the straight connecting rod is connected to the frame connecting rod interface I in the X direction on the virtual mold bearing frame I, and the other end is connected to the frame connecting rod interface II in the X direction on the bearing frame II in the virtual workpiece.

[0010] The unidirectional loading device in the Y direction includes connecting rods YA, YB, and YC. One end of connecting rod YA is fixedly connected to the frame connecting rod interface I in the Y direction on the virtual workpiece and the connecting rod interface on the friction device I. The other end passes through the through hole at one end of the spring sleeve Y and is fixedly connected to spring YA located inside the spring sleeve Y. Spring YA is fixedly connected to spring push head YA. One end of connecting rod YB is fixedly connected to the frame connecting rod interface II in the Y direction on the virtual workpiece and the connecting rod interface on the friction device II. The other end passes through the through hole at the other end of the spring sleeve Y and is fixedly connected to spring YB located inside the spring sleeve Y. Spring YB is fixedly connected to spring push head YB. Spring push head YA and spring push head YB are... Under the action of spring force, they are pressed together. Spring push heads YA and YB have the freedom of axial linear movement relative to spring sleeve Y. The push head Y is located in a rectangular groove on the spring sleeve Y, and the tip of the push head Y is set towards the side of spring push head YA and spring push head YB. The inclined surfaces on both sides of the push head Y can simultaneously contact the inclined surfaces on spring push head YA and spring push head YB. A handwheel Y is fixedly installed at one end of the push cylinder Y, and the other end is fitted on the sleeve Y. The push rod Y inside the push cylinder Y passes through the sleeve Y and is threadedly connected to the sleeve Y. The push rod Y and the push head Y are connected by a thrust bearing. The connecting rod YC is connected to the spring sleeve Y, the sleeve Y and the connecting rod YA near the end of the spring sleeve Y.

[0011] The Z-direction loading device consists of a connecting rod ZA. One end of the connecting rod ZA is fixedly connected to the Z-direction frame connecting rod interface I on the virtual mold, and the other end is fixedly connected to the outside of the sleeve Z. A spring Z is arranged inside the sleeve Z. One end of the spring Z is connected to the closed end of the sleeve Z, and the other end is fixedly connected to one end of the push head Z. The sliding part of the push head Z cooperates with the groove on the inner wall of the sleeve Z, so that the push head Z has the freedom of axial linear motion relative to the sleeve Z. The other end of the push head Z is fixedly connected to the outer ring of the thrust bearing Z, and its inner ring is fixedly connected to the push cylinder Z. The push cylinder Z and the sleeve Z are fitted together. The push cylinder Z has the freedom of circular motion and axial linear motion relative to the sleeve Z. The push cylinder Z is connected to one end of the connecting rod ZB by a thread. The other end of the connecting rod ZB is fixedly connected to the Z-direction frame connecting rod interface II on the virtual workpiece. The handwheel Z is fixedly connected to the outer ring of the push cylinder Z.

[0012] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0013] The virtual loading device for external cylindrical grinding machine reliability of this invention belongs to a completely new category in the field of mechanical reliability. This device can apply a pair of equal and opposite forces to a virtual grinding wheel and a virtual workpiece simultaneously in the same direction by adjusting the handwheel on the Y or Z direction loading device. The original grinding wheel shaft system can drive the entire virtual loading device to move in the X direction, thereby changing the relative position of the piston rod and the cylinder body of the shaft-shaped cylinder to simulate the change in the relative position of the grinding wheel and the workpiece in actual machining. Adjusting the pneumatic screw on the cylinder body can change the resistance experienced by the virtual grinding wheel and the virtual workpiece when their relative positions change. At the same time, the friction force applied to the brake disc by the friction force device can be changed by adjusting the friction force knob, thereby applying different torques to the virtual grinding wheel or the virtual workpiece in the opposite direction of its rotation. This virtual loading device for external cylindrical grinding machine reliability can simulate the actual working conditions of the external cylindrical grinding machine through these functions, thereby improving the reliability of the grinding machine. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the virtual loading device for the reliability of the external cylindrical grinding machine according to the present invention;

[0015] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the friction device of the present invention;

[0016] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the virtual workpiece of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the virtual loading device in the Y direction of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the Z-direction virtual loading device of the present invention;

[0019] In the diagram, 1-threaded coupling, 2-brake disc, 3-mold shaft, 4-bearing I, 5-bearing frame I, 6-mold shaft cover, 7-frame connecting rod interface I, 8-friction knob, 9-friction push rod, 10-friction thrust bearing, 11-friction push head, 12-friction cylinder, 13-device bracket, 14-gear shaft, 15-connecting rod interface, 16-gear shaft cap, 17-drive gear, 18-driven gear, 19-drive rod, 20-driven rod, 21-brush head, 22-gear cover, 23-shaft-shaped cylinder body, 24-piston rod, 25-sealing ring. 26-Workpiece brake disc, 27-Pneumatic screw, 28-Straight connecting rod, 29-Connecting rod YA, 30-Connecting rod YB, 31-Connecting rod YC, 32-Spring YA, 33-Spring YB, 34-Spring push head YA, 35-Spring push head YB, 36-Spring sleeve Y, 37-Push head Y, 38-Thrust bearing Y, 39-Push rod Y, 40-Sleeve Y, 41-Push cylinder Y, 42-Handwheel Y, 43-Connecting rod ZA, 44-Connecting rod ZB, 45-Sleeve Z, 46-Spring Z, 47-Push head Z, 48-Thrust bearing Z, 49-Push cylinder Z, 50-Handwheel Z. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0021] like Figures 1-5 As shown, a virtual loading device for the reliability of an external cylindrical grinding machine includes a virtual grinding wheel, a friction force device I, a friction force device II, a virtual workpiece, and a connecting component;

[0022] The virtual grinding wheel includes a threaded coupling 1 and a bearing I4. The inner ring of the threaded coupling 1 is machined with a reverse thread opposite to the rotation direction of the original grinding wheel, which can replace the original grinding wheel and connect to the grinding wheel shaft via threads. The inner ring of the threaded coupling 1 is fixedly connected to the grinding wheel shaft 3, and the outer ring of the threaded coupling 1 is fixedly connected to the brake disc 2. There is no relative movement between the grinding wheel shaft 3, the brake disc 2, and the threaded coupling 1. The bearing I4 is installed in the annular groove of the bearing frame I5. In this embodiment, the annular groove is a square annular shape. The groove wall of the annular groove of the bearing frame I5 fixes the axial position of the bearing I4, and all four sides of the inner side of the bearing frame I5 are tangent to the bearing I4. The inner ring of the bearing I4 is fitted onto the grinding wheel 3. One end of the inner ring of the bearing I4 contacts the shoulder of the grinding wheel 3, and the other end contacts the grinding wheel cover 6 installed on the bearing frame I5. The bearing frame I5 is fixedly equipped with frame connecting rod interfaces I7 in the X, Y, and Z directions.

[0023] The friction device I and friction device II have the same structure, both including a friction knob 8 and a device connector 13. The friction knob 8 is a cylindrical body with one open end and one closed end. Support arms are symmetrically arranged on the outer surface of the closed end of the cylindrical body. One end of the friction push rod 9 is located inside the cylindrical body of the friction knob 8 and is fixed to the center of the closed end of the friction knob 8. The other end of the friction push rod 9 passes through the closed end of the friction cylinder 12 and is threaded to the closed end of the friction cylinder 12 through the thread on the rod. The open end of the friction knob 8 is fitted with... A friction thrust bearing 10 is installed at the closed end of the friction cylinder 12, at the end of the friction push rod located at the open end of the friction cylinder 12. The inner ring of the friction thrust bearing 10 is fixedly connected to the friction push rod 9, and the outer ring of the friction thrust bearing 10 is fixedly connected to one end of the friction push head 11. The other end of the friction push head 11 is fitted onto the drive rod 19, and the drive rod 19 has a degree of freedom of circular motion relative to the friction push head 11. The device bracket 13 is U-shaped, and the friction cylinder 12 is fixed to the device bracket 13 by bolts. On the top of one side wall, a device bracket 13 below the friction cylinder 12 is fixedly installed at one end of two gear shafts 14. The other side of the device bracket 13 is fixedly connected to the connecting rod interface 15. The driving gear 17 and the driven gear 18 are rotatably mounted on the gear shafts 14, and the driving gear 17 and the driven gear 18 mesh. The driving rod 19 and the driven rod 18 are installed on the outer parts of the two gear shafts 14 extending to the driving gear 17 and the driven gear 18, respectively. One side of the driving rod 19 and the driven rod 18 are located on the driving gear 17 and the driven gear 18, respectively. A gear shaft cap 16 is installed at the end of the gear shaft 16 in the groove at the end of the 18. The driving gear 17 and the driven gear 18 have degrees of freedom of circular motion relative to the two gear shafts 14. The bottom ends of the driving rod 19 and the driven rod 20 are rotatably mounted to the brush head 21. The two brush heads 21 have degrees of freedom of circular motion relative to the driving rod 19 and the driven rod 20, respectively. The two brush heads 21 are located on both sides of the brake disc 2 or the workpiece brake disc 26. A gear cover 22 is bolted to the device bracket 13.

[0024] The virtual workpiece includes a piston rod 24, which is fitted with a shaft-shaped cylinder body 23. The piston portion of the piston rod 24 is sealed to the inside of the shaft-shaped cylinder body 23. A sealing ring 25 is fixed to the inside of the shaft-shaped cylinder body 23. The sealing ring 25 and the rod portion of the piston rod 24 are sealed together. The piston rod 24 has a degree of freedom of axial linear movement relative to the shaft-shaped cylinder body 23. Two valve ports on the shaft-shaped cylinder body 23 are respectively connected to corresponding air pressure screws 27 by threads. The portion of the piston rod 24 located on the outer side of the shaft-shaped cylinder body 23 is fitted with the workpiece brake disc 26 and the inner ring of bearing II in sequence. The bearing II is installed in the annular groove of the bearing frame II. In this embodiment, the annular groove is a square annular shape. The groove wall of the annular groove of the bearing frame II fixes the axial position of the bearing II, and the four inner sides of the bearing frame II are tangent to the bearing II. The bearing frame II is fixed with frame connecting rod interfaces II in the X, Y, and Z directions.

[0025] The connector is divided into a straight connecting rod 28, a unidirectional loading device, and a bidirectional loading device. The straight connecting rod 28 is used in the X direction, the unidirectional loading device is used in the Y direction, and the bidirectional loading device is used in the Z direction. One end of the straight connecting rod 28 is connected to the frame connecting rod interface 17 in the X direction on the virtual mold bearing frame Ⅰ5, and the other end is connected to the frame connecting rod interface Ⅱ in the X direction on the bearing frame Ⅱ in the virtual workpiece.

[0026] The unidirectional loading device in the Y direction consists of connecting rod YA29 and connecting rod YB30. One end of connecting rod YA29 is fixedly connected to the frame connecting rod interface I7 in the Y direction on the virtual workpiece and the connecting rod interface 15 on the friction device I. The other end passes through the through hole at one end of the spring sleeve Y36 and is fixedly connected to the spring YA32 located inside the spring sleeve Y36. The spring YA32 is fixedly connected to the spring push head YA34. One end of connecting rod YB30 is connected to the frame connecting rod interface II in the Y direction on the virtual workpiece and the connecting rod interface 15 on the friction device II. One end is fixedly connected to the other end, which passes through the through hole at the other end of the spring sleeve Y36 and is fixedly connected to the spring YB33 located inside the spring sleeve Y36. The spring YB33 is fixedly connected to the spring push head YB35. The spring push head YA34 and the spring push head YB35 are pressed together under the action of spring force. The spring push head YA34 and the spring push head YB35 have the freedom of axial linear movement relative to the spring sleeve Y36. The sliding ends of the connecting rod YA29, connecting rod YB30, spring push head YA34, and spring push head YB35 are all connected to the spring sleeve Y36. 6. The internal groove is slidably installed; the push head Y37 is located in the rectangular groove on the spring sleeve Y36, and the tip of the push head Y37 is set towards the side of the spring push head YA34 and the spring push head YB35. The inclined surfaces on both sides of the push head Y37 can simultaneously contact the inclined surfaces on the spring push head YA34 and the spring push head YB35. The push cylinder Y41 is a cylinder that is closed at one end and open at the other end. A handwheel Y42 is fixedly installed at the closed end of the push cylinder Y41. A push rod Y39 is provided inside the push cylinder Y41. The axis of the push rod Y39 coincides with that of the push cylinder Y41 and one end is fixedly connected to it. At the closed end of push cylinder Y41, the open end of push cylinder Y41 is fitted onto the closed end of sleeve Y40. Push cylinder Y41 has the freedom of circular motion and axial linear motion relative to sleeve Y40. Push rod Y39 passes through the closed end of sleeve Y40 and is threadedly connected to the closed end. The end of the part located inside sleeve Y40 is fixed to the inner ring of thrust bearing Y38. The outer ring of thrust bearing Y38 is fixed to push head Y37. The connecting rod YC31 is connected to spring sleeve Y36, sleeve Y40 and connecting rod YA29 near the end of spring sleeve Y36.

[0027] The Z-direction loading device consists of a connecting rod ZA43. One end of the connecting rod ZA43 is fixedly connected to the Z-direction frame connecting rod interface I7 on the virtual mold, and the other end is fixedly connected to the outside of the sleeve Z45. A spring Z46 is arranged inside the sleeve Z45. One end of the spring Z46 is connected to the closed end of the sleeve Z45, and the other end is fixedly connected to one end of the push head Z47. The sliding part of the push head Z47 cooperates with the groove on the inner wall of the sleeve Z45, so that the push head Z47 has an axial straightness relative to the sleeve Z45. The degree of freedom of linear motion; the other end of the pusher Z47 is fixedly connected to the outer ring of the thrust bearing Z48, and its inner ring is fixedly connected to the pusher Z49. The pusher Z49 is fitted with the sleeve Z45. The pusher Z49 has the degree of freedom of circular motion and axial linear motion relative to the sleeve Z45. The pusher Z49 is connected to one end of the connecting rod ZB44 by a thread. The other end of the connecting rod ZB44 is fixedly connected to the frame connecting rod interface II in the Z direction on the virtual workpiece. The handwheel Z50 is fixedly connected to the outer ring of the pusher Z49.

[0028] The following describes a single use of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0029] When it is necessary to change the torque applied to the virtual mold or virtual workpiece in the opposite direction of its rotation, first rotate the friction knob 8 to drive the friction push rod 9 to rotate. Due to the action of the thread, the friction push rod 9 will simultaneously generate axial movement. Under the action of the friction thrust bearing 10, the friction push head 11 only performs axial movement, thereby driving the drive rod 19 and drive gear 17 to rotate around the gear shaft 14. Then, the drive gear 17 drives the driven gear 18 and driven rod 20 to rotate. Since the drive gear 17 and driven gear 18 rotate in opposite directions, the drive rod 19 and driven rod 20 will synchronously clamp or release the brake disc 2 or workpiece brake disc 26 with the two brush heads 21, thereby changing the friction force applied to the brake disc 2 or workpiece brake disc 26, achieving the effect of changing the torque applied to the virtual mold or virtual workpiece in the opposite direction of its rotation.

[0030] The original grinding wheel spindle system can drive the entire virtual loading device to move in the X direction, thereby changing the relative position of the piston rod 24 and the shaft-shaped cylinder body 23 to simulate the change in the relative position of the grinding wheel and the workpiece in actual machining. At this time, the piston of the piston rod 24 will squeeze the air in the moving direction inside the shaft-shaped cylinder body 23 and stretch the air on the opposite side of the moving direction. The change in air pressure will generate resistance to the movement of the piston rod 24, thereby applying equal and opposite forces to the grinding wheel spindle system and the worktable system at the same time. When it is necessary to change the force on the grinding wheel spindle system and the worktable system in the X direction when the relative motion is changed, the air pressure screw 27 can change the size of the gas passage between the shaft-shaped cylinder body 23 and the external environment, thereby changing the gas exchange speed between the shaft-shaped cylinder body 23 and the external environment, so as to change the force on the grinding wheel spindle system and the worktable system in the X direction when the relative motion is changed.

[0031] Since the grinding wheel and workpiece are only subjected to pressure and not tension in the Y direction during actual processing, a unidirectional loading device is used in the Y direction. When it is necessary to change the force on the virtual grinding wheel and virtual workpiece in the Y direction, firstly, turn the handwheel Y42 to drive the push cylinder Y41 to rotate, thereby driving the push rod Y39 to rotate. Under the action of the thread, the push rod Y39 moves forward or backward axially relative to the sleeve Y40. Under the action of the thrust bearing Y38, the push head Y37 moves forward or backward linearly along the rectangular groove on the spring sleeve Y36. Then, the push head Y37 squeezes or releases the spring push head YA34 and spring push head YB35, thereby compressing or releasing the springs YA32 and YB33, thus changing the pressure on the virtual grinding wheel and virtual workpiece in the Y direction.

[0032] When it is necessary to change the force on the virtual mold and virtual workpiece in the Z direction, first turn the handwheel Z50 to drive the pusher Z49 to rotate. Under the action of the thread, the pusher Z49 can move forward or backward along the connecting rod ZB44. Under the action of the thrust bearing Z48, the pusher Z47 only moves forward or backward in the sleeve Z45, thereby compressing or stretching the spring Z46. Through the connecting rods ZA43 and ZB44, the same pressure or tension is applied to the virtual mold and virtual workpiece.

[0033] The solutions described in the embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of patent protection of this invention. All equivalent implementations or modifications that do not depart from the scope of this invention are included in the patent scope of this case.

Claims

1. A virtual loading device for the reliability of an external cylindrical grinding machine, characterized in that, It includes a virtual grinding wheel, friction device I, friction device II, a virtual workpiece, and connectors; the connectors are divided into a straight connecting rod in the X direction, a unidirectional loading device in the Y direction, and a bidirectional loading device in the Z direction. Friction device I is installed on the virtual grinding wheel, and friction device II is installed on the virtual workpiece. The virtual grinding wheel, friction device I, friction device II, and virtual workpiece are connected as a whole by the straight connecting rod in the X direction, the unidirectional loading device in the Y direction, and the bidirectional loading device in the Z direction. The unidirectional loading device in the Y direction includes connecting rods YA, YB, and YC. One end of connecting rod YA is fixedly connected to the frame connecting rod interface I in the Y direction on the virtual workpiece and the connecting rod interface on the friction device I. The other end passes through the through hole at one end of the spring sleeve Y and is fixedly connected to spring YA located inside the spring sleeve Y. Spring YA is fixedly connected to spring push head YA. One end of connecting rod YB is fixedly connected to the frame connecting rod interface II in the Y direction on the virtual workpiece and the connecting rod interface on the friction device II. The other end passes through the through hole at the other end of the spring sleeve Y and is fixedly connected to spring YB located inside the spring sleeve Y. Spring YB is fixedly connected to spring push head YB. Spring push head YA and spring push head YB are... Under the action of spring force, they are pressed together. Spring push heads YA and YB have the freedom of axial linear movement relative to spring sleeve Y. The push head Y is located in a rectangular groove on the spring sleeve Y, and the tip of the push head Y is set towards the side of spring push head YA and spring push head YB. The inclined surfaces on both sides of the push head Y can simultaneously contact the inclined surfaces on spring push head YA and spring push head YB. A handwheel Y is fixedly installed at one end of the push cylinder Y, and the other end is fitted on the sleeve Y. The push rod Y inside the push cylinder Y passes through the sleeve Y and is threadedly connected to the sleeve Y. The push rod Y and the push head Y are connected by a thrust bearing. The connecting rod YC is connected to the spring sleeve Y, the sleeve Y and the connecting rod YA near the end of the spring sleeve Y. The Z-direction loading device consists of a connecting rod ZA. One end of the connecting rod ZA is fixedly connected to the Z-direction frame connecting rod interface I on the virtual mold, and the other end is fixedly connected to the outside of the sleeve Z. A spring Z is arranged inside the sleeve Z. One end of the spring Z is connected to the closed end of the sleeve Z, and the other end is fixedly connected to one end of the push head Z. The sliding part of the push head Z cooperates with the groove on the inner wall of the sleeve Z, so that the push head Z has the freedom of axial linear motion relative to the sleeve Z. The other end of the push head Z is fixedly connected to the outer ring of the thrust bearing Z, and its inner ring is fixedly connected to the push cylinder Z. The push cylinder Z and the sleeve Z are fitted together. The push cylinder Z has the freedom of circular motion and axial linear motion relative to the sleeve Z. The push cylinder Z is connected to one end of the connecting rod ZB by a thread. The other end of the connecting rod ZB is fixedly connected to the Z-direction frame connecting rod interface II on the virtual workpiece. The handwheel Z is fixedly connected to the outer ring of the push cylinder Z.

2. The virtual loading device for reliability of an external cylindrical grinding machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The virtual grinding wheel includes a threaded coupling and a bearing I. The inner ring of the threaded coupling is fixedly connected to the grinding wheel shaft, and the outer ring of the threaded coupling is fixedly connected to the brake disc. There is no relative movement between the grinding wheel shaft, the brake disc, and the threaded coupling. The bearing I is installed in the annular groove of the bearing frame I. The annular groove wall of the bearing frame I fixes the axial position of the bearing I, and all four inner sides of the bearing frame I are tangent to the bearing I. The inner ring of the bearing I is fitted onto the grinding wheel shaft. One end of the inner ring of the bearing I contacts the shoulder of the grinding wheel shaft, and the other end contacts the grinding wheel cover installed on the bearing frame I. The bearing frame I is fixedly equipped with frame connecting rod interfaces I in the X, Y, and Z directions.

3. The virtual loading device for reliability of an external cylindrical grinding machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The virtual workpiece includes a shaft-shaped cylinder. Two valve ports on the cylinder body are connected to corresponding air pressure screws via threads. The piston rod extension of the shaft-shaped cylinder is sequentially fitted with the workpiece brake disc and the inner ring of bearing II. The bearing II is installed in the annular groove of the bearing frame II. The annular groove wall of the bearing frame II fixes the axial position of the bearing II, and the four inner sides of the bearing frame II are tangent to the bearing II. The bearing frame II is fixed with frame connecting rod interfaces II in the X, Y, and Z directions.

4. The virtual loading device for reliability of an external cylindrical grinding machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The friction force device I and friction force device II have the same structure, both including a friction force knob and a device bracket. The friction force knob is fitted onto the friction force cylinder, and the friction force push rod located inside the friction force knob passes through the friction force cylinder, which is fixed to the top of the device bracket by bolts. The two are connected by threads. One end of the friction force push rod is connected to one end of the friction force push head by a friction force thrust bearing. The other end of the friction force push head is fitted onto the drive rod. A gear cover is bolted to the device bracket below the friction force cylinder. The gear cover and the device bracket form a cavity. One side of the device bracket is fixedly installed to one end of two gear shafts inside the cavity. The other side of the device bracket is fixedly connected to the connecting rod interface. The drive gear and the driven gear are rotatably mounted on the gear shafts, and the drive gear meshes with the driven gear. The two gear shafts extend to the outer parts of the drive gear and the driven gear, and the drive rod and the driven rod are installed thereon. One side of the drive rod and the driven rod are located in the grooves at the ends of the drive gear and the driven gear, respectively. The bottom of the drive rod and the driven rod extend to the outer side of the cavity, and the ends are rotatably mounted to the brush head. The two brush heads are located on both sides of the brake disc or the workpiece brake disc.

5. The virtual loading device for reliability of an external cylindrical grinding machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The frame link interface I in the X direction on the bearing frame I of the virtual mold is connected to one end of the straight link in the X direction, and the other end is connected to the frame link interface II in the X direction on the bearing frame II in the virtual workpiece.

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