Preparation method of profiled structure fiber, profiled structure fiber and geotextile

Abstract

The application discloses a preparation method of a special-shaped structure fiber, the special-shaped structure fiber and a geotextile, and relates to the technical field of fiber preparation. The method comprises the following steps: determining an optimal fiber shape and an optimal groove shape; obtaining a plurality of influence factor groups; the influence factor groups comprise a plurality of influence factors; taking improved polyester material as a preparation material, taking the optimal fiber shape and the optimal groove shape as fixed parameters, and using orthogonal experiments to respectively simulate the water absorption performance and the mechanical performance of the to-be-determined special-shaped structure fiber prepared based on each influence factor group, so as to obtain an optimal influence factor group; and taking the improved polyester material as the preparation material, and based on the optimal fiber shape, the optimal groove shape and the optimal influence factor group, the special-shaped structure fiber is prepared. By adding BASF antioxidants and ultraviolet absorbers into the polyester material, the special-shaped structure fiber with high mechanical performance and strong ultraviolet radiation resistance can be prepared, and the special-shaped structure fiber is applied to the geotextile, so that the mechanical performance and the strong ultraviolet radiation resistance of the geotextile can be improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of fiber preparation, in particular to a preparation method of a special-shaped structure fiber, the special-shaped structure fiber and a geotextile. BACKGROUND

[0002] The subgrade in alpine regions is threatened by frost heaving diseases, and the root cause is that the capillary water exists in the subgrade due to rainfall or groundwater migration, thereby causing the frost heaving disease of frozen soil. At present, geotextiles (geotextiles) are increasingly widely used in frozen soil subgrade engineering. The geotextile gradually has a strong capillary drainage function while bearing the reinforcement performance. In addition, the altitude in alpine regions is high, and the intensity of ultraviolet radiation is high. The strong ultraviolet radiation will damage the morphology of the geotextile, which will gradually reduce the performance of the geotextile and gradually fail. For the geotextile, the fiber woven into the geotextile determines the performance of the geotextile. Therefore, it is necessary to develop and prepare a water-conducting fiber with superior comprehensive performance, so as to improve the drainage capacity and meet the weather resistance (mechanical performance, ultraviolet radiation resistance) requirements. SUMMARY

[0003] The purpose of the present application is to provide a preparation method of a special-shaped structure fiber, the special-shaped structure fiber and a geotextile, which can prepare a special-shaped structure fiber with high mechanical performance and strong ultraviolet radiation resistance performance. The special-shaped structure fiber is applied to the geotextile, which can improve the mechanical performance and strong ultraviolet radiation resistance performance of the geotextile.

[0004] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application provides the following scheme:

[0005] A preparation method of a special-shaped structure fiber, comprising:

[0006] Adding BASF antioxidant and ultraviolet absorber to the polyester material to obtain an improved polyester material;

[0007] Determining the optimal fiber shape and the optimal groove shape;

[0008] Obtaining a plurality of influence factor groups; the influence factor group comprises a plurality of influence factors; the influence factors include fiber size, groove number, groove area ratio and fiber contour shape;

[0009] Using the improved polyester material as the preparation material, using the optimal fiber shape and the optimal groove shape as the fixed parameters, and using the orthogonal experiment to simulate the water absorption performance and the mechanical performance of the to-be-determined special-shaped structure fiber prepared based on each influence factor group;

[0010] Determining the influence factor group with the optimal water absorption performance and the optimal mechanical performance as the optimal influence factor group;

[0011] The improved polyester material is used as a preparation material, and based on the optimal fiber shape, the optimal groove shape and the optimal factor group, the special-shaped structure fiber is prepared.

[0012] Optionally, the BASF antioxidant model is B900.

[0013] The ultraviolet absorber model is UV-1164.

[0014] Optionally, the optimal fiber shape and the optimal groove shape are determined by:

[0015] The columnar structure is determined as the optimal fiber shape.

[0016] A plurality of to-be-determined groove shapes are obtained.

[0017] Any to-be-determined groove shape is determined as a current to-be-determined groove shape.

[0018] The improved polyester material is used as a preparation material, and based on the optimal fiber shape, the optimal groove shape and the optimal factor group, the special-shaped structure fiber is prepared.

[0019] And a preset number of grooves are arranged on the outer surface of the initial fiber according to the current to-be-determined groove shape, to obtain a current to-be-determined fiber.

[0020] The two-phase flow level set model of COMSOL Multiphysics is used to simulate the capillary water rising amount of the current to-be-determined fiber.

[0021] All to-be-determined groove shapes are traversed, and the to-be-determined groove shape corresponding to the maximum capillary water rising amount is determined as the optimal groove shape.

[0022] Optionally, the cross section of the columnar structure is circular or elliptical.

[0023] Optionally, the current to-be-determined groove shape is semicircular.

[0024] A geotextile, wherein the special-shaped structure fiber is prepared by using the preparation method of the special-shaped structure fiber.

[0025] A geotextile, wherein the geotextile applies the special-shaped structure fiber.

[0026] According to the specific embodiments of the present application, the following technical effects are provided:

[0027] The application provides a preparation method of a special-shaped structure fiber, the special-shaped structure fiber and a geotextile. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0028] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced as follows. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can also be obtained from these drawings without any creative labor.

[0029] Figure 1 The preparation method of the special-shaped structure fiber in the embodiment 1 of the present application is shown in the flow chart.

[0030] Figure 2 The fiber morphology of the special-shaped structure fiber in the embodiment 1 of the present application is shown in the schematic diagram.

[0031] Figure 3 The principle diagram of the preparation method of the special-shaped structure fiber in the embodiment 1 of the present application is shown in the schematic diagram.

[0032] Figure 4 The simulation schematic diagram of the capillary water rising in the embodiment 1 of the present application is shown in the schematic diagram.

[0033] Figure 5 The simulation schematic diagram of the uniaxial stretching in the embodiment 1 of the present application is shown in the schematic diagram.

[0034] Figure 6 The schematic diagram of the special-shaped structure fiber in the embodiment 1 of the present application is shown in the schematic diagram.

[0035] Figure 7 The schematic diagram of the cross section of the special-shaped structure fiber in the embodiment 1 of the present application is shown in the schematic diagram. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work fall within the scope of the present application.

[0037] The present application aims to provide a preparation method of profiled structure fiber, profiled structure fiber and geotextile, which can prepare profiled structure fiber with high mechanical properties and strong ultraviolet radiation resistance, and the profiled structure fiber applied to geotextile can improve the mechanical properties and strong ultraviolet radiation resistance of geotextile.

[0038] In order to make the above-mentioned purposes, characteristics and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, the present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.

[0039] Embodiment 1

[0040] As shown in the figure, the present embodiment provides a preparation method of profiled structure fiber, comprising: Figure 1

[0041] Step 101: adding BASF antioxidant and ultraviolet absorber to the polyester material to obtain improved polyester material. The model of BASF antioxidant is B900; the model of ultraviolet absorber is UV-1164.

[0042] Step 102: determining the optimal fiber shape and the optimal groove shape.

[0043] Step 103: obtaining a plurality of influence factor groups; the influence factor group comprises a plurality of influence factors. The influence factors include fiber size, groove number, groove area ratio and fiber contour shape.

[0044] Step 104: using the improved polyester material as the preparation material, using the optimal fiber shape and the optimal groove shape as the fixed parameters, and using the orthogonal experiment to simulate the water absorption performance and the mechanical properties of the to-be-determined profiled structure fiber prepared based on each influence factor group.

[0045] Step 105: determining the influence factor group with the optimal water absorption performance and the optimal mechanical properties as the optimal influence factor group.

[0046] Step 106: using the improved polyester material as the preparation material, based on the optimal fiber shape, the optimal groove shape and the optimal influence factor group, preparing the profiled structure fiber.

[0047] Step 102, comprising: ​

[0048] The columnar structure is determined as the optimal fiber shape; the cross section of the columnar structure is circular or elliptical.

[0049] A plurality of tentative groove shapes are obtained;

[0050] Any tentative groove shape is determined as a current tentative groove shape;

[0051] An initial fiber is constructed in the optimal fiber shape using the improved polyester material as the preparation material;

[0052] And a preset number of grooves are arranged on the outer surface of the initial fiber according to the current tentative groove shape, to obtain a current tentative fiber; the tentative fiber morphology is as shown in Figure 2 .

[0053] The COMSOL Multiphysics two-phase flow level set model is used to simulate the groove capillary water rise of the current tentative fiber;

[0054] All tentative groove shapes are traversed, and the tentative groove shape corresponding to the maximum groove capillary water rise is determined as the optimal groove shape. The current tentative groove shape is semicircular.

[0055] As shown in Figure 3 , below, the preparation method of the special-shaped structure fiber provided in the embodiment is specifically described.

[0056] ①The performance requirements of the fiber are determined. In order to meet the performance requirements of drainage, mechanics and ultraviolet radiation resistance, the fiber material needs to have a water contact angle less than 90°, the mechanical properties of the fiber meet the standards of elongation at break and breaking strength in GB / T14464-2017 standard, and the ultraviolet resistance of the fiber meets the anti-ultraviolet standard in GB / T18830-2009 standard.

[0057] ②Component design (component design based on the performance requirements of the first point). Based on the performance requirements of ①, polyester (PET) is selected as the main raw material because its water contact angle is 50°-80°, and the mechanical properties of the polyester fiber meet the requirements. Incorporate BASF antioxidant B900 and ultraviolet absorber UV-1164 to enhance the weather resistance of the fiber, because B900 is a composite antioxidant with long-term antioxidant and high-temperature processing antioxidant effects, and UV-1164 is a triazine ultraviolet absorber with very low volatility and good compatibility with polymers.

[0058] ③Determine the factors that limit the fiber morphology. The factors that limit the fiber morphology are as follows: fiber geometric shape (polygon, circle, ellipse, etc.), fiber contour specific size (polygon, ellipse with long and short axes, etc.), fiber size (edge length, radius length, etc.), groove number, groove shape (semicircle, triangle, rectangle, etc.), and the proportion of groove area on the fiber cross-section to the fiber area.

[0059] Among them, the thickness of the fiber affects the tensile elongation, which belongs to the mechanical properties; the profile shape of the fiber affects how to arrange the grooves, which belongs to the physical properties of whether it is beneficial to water guide; the shape of the grooves arranged on the fiber will inevitably affect the physical properties of water guide, in addition, it will lead to the stress distribution of the fiber under tension, so it will also affect the mechanical properties; therefore, the factors that limit the fiber morphology closely affect the performance, and the influencing mechanism is complex.

[0060] ④Determine the order of each factor. For each of the above factors, first, based on the production process and geometric characteristics, the fiber shape and groove shape are separately determined, because these two factors have little correlation with other factors. However, other factors (fiber size, groove number, groove area ratio, fiber contour specific shape) are difficult to analyze individually because they are interrelated. Therefore, the orthogonal test analysis method is used to obtain the relationship between other factors and fiber performance. Specifically, the fiber geometric shape is determined in ⑤, the groove shape is determined in ⑥, and other factors are determined in ⑦-⑧.

[0061] ⑤Determine the fiber geometric shape. In order to arrange as many grooves as possible on the fiber outer contour, the closer the fiber shape coefficient is to a circle, the more grooves can be arranged, and in terms of production process, an arc-shaped contour is easier to produce. Therefore, a circle or an ellipse is chosen as the geometric shape of the fiber.

[0062] ⑥Determine the groove shape. The two-phase flow level set model of the numerical simulation software COMSOL Multiphysics can simulate the rise of capillary water in the groove. Comparison shows that the semicircular groove has the largest capillary water rise and is easy to produce. Therefore, a semicircle is chosen as the groove shape.

[0063] ⑤, ⑥ and ⑦ are in parallel relationship

[0064] ⑦Determine other morphology parameters. Other morphology parameters have the characteristics of mutual influence, and each parameter will affect the fiber performance to varying degrees, so it is difficult to determine them one by one. Therefore, through COMSOL Multiphysics, an orthogonal test is carried out to find the optimal fiber morphology that meets the water absorption performance and mechanical properties. The simulation results are as follows: Figure 4 and Figure 5 .

[0065] ⑧Carry out an orthogonal test.

[0066] a) Independent variables: the length of the long axis of the ellipse is parameter L, unit: pm, the ratio of the length of the short axis of the ellipse to the length of the long axis is parameter K, the number of grooves is parameter N, and the percentage of the cross-sectional area of the groove to the cross-sectional area of the fiber is parameter S

[0067] b) Orthogonal table: because there are 4 independent variables, each taking 4 value levels, L16(44) orthogonal table is selected to arrange 16 groups of simulation tests with four factors and four levels.

[0068] c) Dependent variables: the results of the 16 groups of simulation tests are the dependent variables, which include two parts: the amount of capillary water rising on the fiber calculated by the two-phase flow level set method of COMSOL Multiphysics, and the tensile strength of the fiber calculated by the solid mechanics model of COMSOL Multiphysics. The two are calculated by computer software COMSOL Multiphysics.

[0069] d) Evaluation index: the orthogonal test usually takes the dependent variable as the evaluation index to analyze the influence weight and law of each independent variable on the dependent variable, but because the units and dimensions of the two dependent variables in this case are different, the CRITIC weight method is used to combine the two dependent variables into a weighted index, which is referred to as CRITIC index.

[0070] e) Mean response analysis: through mean response analysis, the influence weight and influence law of each independent variable on the CRITIC index are obtained.

[0071] f) Results: the values of the four independent variables when the CRITIC index is optimal are obtained through the influence weight, and based on this, the optimal shape of the fiber cross section that is most beneficial to capillary water conductivity and mechanical properties is drawn.

[0072] vii) Making the fiber. After the PET raw material is melted, it is mixed with ultraviolet absorbers and antioxidants, the optimal shape obtained in vi) is used to prepare a shaped spinneret, and after melt spinning using a melt spinning machine equipped with a shaped spinneret and drawing and cooling, the fiber is obtained, as shown in Figure 6 and Figure 7 .

[0073] The shaped structure fiber prepared in this embodiment is a micron-level fiber, and the shaped morphology still maintains strong water conductivity. In the preparation process, while considering the water conductivity of the fiber, the method of designing the fiber morphology structure is used to maximize the retention of tensile mechanical properties. In addition, through component adjustment, the fiber can also have the performance of resisting strong ultraviolet radiation.

[0074] Example 2

[0075] The embodiment provides a profiled structure fiber, and the profiled structure fiber is prepared by using the preparation method of the profiled structure fiber in the embodiment 1.

[0076] Embodiment 3

[0077] The embodiment provides a geotextile, and the geotextile applies a profiled structure fiber, and the profiled structure fiber is prepared by using the preparation method of the profiled structure fiber in the embodiment 1.

[0078] The embodiments in the specification are described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the difference from other embodiments, and the same or similar parts of each embodiment can be referred to each other.

[0079] The principles and implementation manners of the present application are described by using specific examples in the present application, and the above embodiment is only used for helping to understand the method and core idea of the present application; meanwhile, for the general technical personnel in the field, the specific implementation manner and application range can be changed according to the idea of the present application. In conclusion, the content of the specification should not be understood as the limitation of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for preparing irregularly shaped fibers, characterized in that, include: An improved polyester material is obtained by adding BASF antioxidants and UV absorbers to the polyester material; the BASF antioxidant is type B900. The ultraviolet absorber is model UV-1164; Determine the optimal fiber shape and optimal groove shape; The process of determining the optimal fiber shape and optimal groove shape includes: determining the columnar structure as the optimal fiber shape; obtaining multiple undetermined groove shapes; determining any undetermined groove shape as the current undetermined groove shape; using an improved polyester material as the preparation material, constructing an initial fiber with the optimal fiber shape; and setting a preset number of grooves on the outer surface of the initial fiber according to the current undetermined groove shape to obtain the current undetermined fiber; using the COMSOL Multiphysics two-phase flow level set model to simulate the groove capillary rise of the current undetermined fiber; traversing all undetermined groove shapes, determining the undetermined groove shape corresponding to the maximum groove capillary rise as the optimal groove shape; the cross-section of the columnar structure is circular or elliptical; the optimal groove shape is semi-circular. Multiple groups of influencing factors are obtained; each group of influencing factors includes multiple influencing factors; the influencing factors include fiber size, number of grooves, groove area ratio, and fiber profile shape. Using improved polyester material as the preparation material, and with the optimal fiber shape and optimal groove shape as fixed parameters, orthogonal experiments were used to simulate the water absorption and mechanical properties of the undetermined irregularly shaped fibers prepared based on each influencing factor group. Specifically, the independent variables were: the length of the major axis of the ellipse as parameter L (in μm), the ratio of the length of the minor axis to the length of the major axis as parameter K, the number of grooves as parameter N, and the percentage of the groove cross-sectional area to the fiber cross-sectional area as parameter S; the dependent variable was the results of 16 sets of simulation experiments, which specifically included two parts: the fiber capillary water rise calculated by the COMSOL Multiphysics two-phase flow level set method, and the fiber tensile breaking strength calculated by the COMSOL Multiphysics solid mechanics model. The optimal influencing factor group for determining the best water absorption and mechanical properties is defined as follows: Two dependent variables are combined into a single weighted index using the CRITIC weighting method; this weighted index is the CRITIC index; using the CRITIC index as the sole index, mean response analysis is conducted to obtain the influence weights and patterns of each independent variable on the CRITIC index; and the optimal values ​​of the four independent variables for the CRITIC index are obtained through these influence weights. Using improved polyester material as the preparation material, and based on the optimal fiber shape, the optimal groove shape, and the optimal set of influencing factors, irregularly shaped fibers are prepared.

2. A type of irregularly shaped fiber, characterized in that, The irregularly shaped fiber is prepared using the method for preparing irregularly shaped fibers as described in claim 1.

3. A geotextile, characterized in that, The geotextile uses a shaped fiber as described in claim 2.

Images