A mining shovel device

Abstract

The present invention relates to a mining shovel transport device, including a shovel transport vehicle, the shovel transport vehicle including a bucket and a blade installed at the front end of the bucket, the front end of the bucket having a platform for installing the blade, the blade being installed on the platform along the front-back direction, a compression spring mechanism for pushing the blade forward being installed between the blade and the bucket, the blade compressing the compression spring mechanism when moving backward, and the blade being able to swing left and right in the plane where the platform is located after moving backward a set distance, so that the front end blade of the blade is tilted to one side or the other. The blade of the present invention can swing and tilt, and the resistance of the blade can be reduced by reducing the width of the shovel, so that the shovel transport device can be ensured to move forward at the same speed, and the shoveling efficiency of the shovel transport device can be ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of scrapers, and in particular to a mining scraper device. Background Art

[0002] A scraper is a soil transport machine that uses a bucket to scrape soil and loads the crushed soil into the bucket for transportation. It can complete the comprehensive operations of shoveling, loading, transporting, unloading, filling in layers, and compacting in parts. In the prior art, scrapers usually move forward at a set speed regardless of the hardness of the soil to be shoveled to avoid interference with the scraper behind. However, when the hardness of the soil to be shoveled is relatively high, the resistance to the blade at the front of the shovel will also increase, which will inevitably affect the forward speed of the scraper, and further affect the normal circulation of the scraper team, and further affect the shoveling efficiency of the scraper. Summary of the invention

[0003] The invention provides a mining shovel device to solve the technical problem in the prior art that the shovel efficiency is affected when the shovel loader shovels soil with relatively high hardness.

[0004] A mining shovel and loading device of the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0005] A mining shovel loader comprises a shovel loader, which comprises a bucket and a blade installed at the front end of the bucket. The front end of the bucket has a platform for installing the blade. The blade is installed on the platform along the front-back direction. A compression spring mechanism for pushing the blade forward is installed between the blade and the bucket. The blade compresses the compression spring mechanism when moving backward. After the blade moves backward a set distance, it can swing left and right in the plane where the platform is located, so that the front end blade of the blade tilts to one side or the other.

[0006] Furthermore, at least two groups of guide columns are provided on the lower side surface of the scraper, and a translation groove extending in the front-to-back direction is provided on the platform. An arc-shaped moving groove is also provided on the platform at the rear end position of the translation groove, and the concave side of the arc-shaped moving groove faces forward, and the translation groove is connected to the arc-shaped moving groove. The guide column is installed in the corresponding translation groove and can move forward and backward in the translation groove. When the guide column moves into the arc-shaped moving groove, it can move along the extension direction of the arc-shaped moving groove. An arc-shaped groove is provided behind the arc-shaped moving groove in the platform, and the extension direction of the arc-shaped groove is the same as the extension direction of the arc-shaped moving groove. The compression spring mechanism corresponding to the guide column one by one is installed in the arc-shaped groove, and the front end of the compression spring mechanism presses on the guide column, and the compression spring mechanism can move along the extension direction of the arc-shaped groove when the guide column moves into the arc-shaped moving groove.

[0007] Furthermore, a sink groove is provided on the platform, the groove is connected to a sealing plate at the groove opening, and the sealing plate is provided with an avoidance opening to form an installation chamber with an opening between the platform and the sealing plate, the translation groove, arc-shaped moving groove and arc-shaped groove are located in the installation chamber, and the guide column and the compression spring mechanism are both arranged in the installation chamber.

[0008] Furthermore, the guide column is a telescopic structure, which includes a fixed column fixed on the lower side of the blade, and a telescopic column movably inserted in the fixed column. A spring limiting rod is fixed on the side wall of the fixed column. The compression spring mechanism includes a sliding block, a spring limiting cylinder and a spring. The sliding block is fixedly connected to the rear end of the spring limiting cylinder. The sliding block and the spring limiting cylinder are located in an arc-shaped groove. The rear end of the spring is fixed to the front end of the spring limiting cylinder. The spring limiting rod penetrates the spring and is movably inserted in the spring limiting cylinder.

[0009] Furthermore, a downwardly extending limit column is fixed to the lower side of the sliding block, and an arc-shaped limit groove is opened on the bottom wall of the arc-shaped groove. The extension direction of the arc-shaped limit groove is the same as the extension direction of the arc-shaped moving groove. The limit column is located in the arc-shaped limit groove to prevent the sliding block from sliding forward and backward.

[0010] Furthermore, the blade of the scraper is an arc-shaped structure that is recessed backwards.

[0011] Furthermore, the blade includes an inclined section at the front end whose thickness gradually increases from front to rear and a flat section at the rear end whose thickness remains constant. The left and right widths of the inclined sections are the same, the thickness of the flat section is equal to the maximum thickness of the inclined section, and the flat section is an arc-shaped structure protruding backward. The left and right sides of the bucket are respectively provided with limit grooves for cooperating with the left and right sides of the blade.

[0012] Furthermore, side blades are fixed on the bucket at the left and right sides of the blade, and the side blades are vertically arranged.

[0013] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention arranges the blade at the front end of the bucket as a movable structure that can move forward and backward, and a compression spring assembly is installed between the blade and the bucket, and the compression spring assembly applies a certain pushing force to the blade, so that when the blade is subjected to greater resistance from the soil, the blade is sufficient to overcome the pushing effect of the compression spring assembly and move backward to a set distance. After reaching the set distance, the blade can swing left and right within the plane where the platform is located, thereby adjusting the inclination angle of the blade at the front end of the blade. In this way, when the blade is tilted, the projection length of the blade in the left and right directions is reduced, and the soil-shoveling width of the entire blade in the forward direction of the shovel loader is reduced, and the forward resistance encountered by the blade is reduced by reducing the soil-shoveling width of the blade. That is to say, when the hardness of the soil to be shoveled by the shovel-carrying device is relatively small, the resistance encountered by the blade is relatively small. Under the action of the compression spring assembly, the blade will not move backward to the set distance. At this time, the blade does not need to swing, and the shovel-carrying device can still move forward at a normal speed; when the hardness of the soil to be shoveled is relatively large, the resistance encountered by the blade is relatively large. Under the action of the larger resistance, the distance the blade moves backward increases. After reaching the set distance, the resistance encountered by the left and right sides of the blade is often different. In this way, the blade can swing and tilt within the plane where the platform is located, and then reduce the resistance encountered by the blade by reducing the width of the shovel. This can ensure that the shovel-carrying device moves forward at the same speed, thereby ensuring the shoveling efficiency of the shovel-carrying device. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative labor.

[0015] Figure 1 This is a structural schematic diagram of a mining shovel loading device according to an embodiment 1 of the present invention installed on a tractor;

[0016] Figure 2 This is a schematic structural diagram of a mining shovel and loading device according to an embodiment of the present invention after being separated from a tractor;

[0017] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of an explosion of Example 1 of a mining shovel loading device of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a bucket in Embodiment 1 of a mining shovel transport device of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 5 A top view of a bucket in Embodiment 1 of a mining shovel transport device of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 6 for Figure 5 Middle AA section view;

[0021] Figure 7 for Figure 4 A magnified view of the part A in the middle;

[0022] Figure 8 for Figure 6 A magnified view of the part B in the middle;

[0023] Fig. 9 This is a schematic structural diagram of a shovel blade in Embodiment 1 of a mining shovel transport device of the present invention;

[0024] Fig.10 It is a structural schematic diagram of a compression spring assembly in Embodiment 1 of a mining shovel and loading device of the present invention;

[0025] In the figure: 100, tractor; 1001, scraper; 200, shaft frame; 201, first connecting end of shaft frame; 202, bulldozer; 203, second connecting end of shaft frame; 204, bucket lifting hydraulic cylinder; 2041, front connecting end of hydraulic cylinder; 205, bucket lifting hydraulic rod; 2051, connecting end of bucket hydraulic rod; 206, bucket; 2061, first connecting end of bucket; 2062, second connecting end of bucket; 2063, third connecting end of bucket; 2064, fourth connecting end of bucket; 207, bucket door; 2071, first connecting end of bucket door; 2072, first connecting end of bucket door Two connecting ends; 208, bucket door opening and closing hydraulic rod; 2081, hinged ear; 209, bucket door opening and closing hydraulic cylinder; 2091, hydraulic cylinder rear connecting end; 210, scraper; 2101, telescopic column; 2102, fixed column; 2103, spring limiting rod; 300, translation groove; 301, arc-shaped moving groove; 302, arc-shaped groove; 303, sinking groove; 304, arc-shaped limiting groove; 305, sealing plate; 306, platform; 400, compression spring mechanism; 401, spring; 402, spring limiting cylinder; 403, spring limiting hole; 404, sliding block; 405, limiting column. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] Embodiment 1 of a mining shovel and loading device of the present invention, as Figures 1 to 10As shown, the mining shovel device of the present invention includes a shovel 1001. When in use, the shovel 1001 is installed on a tractor 100 through a shaft frame 200. The tractor 100 is usually an agricultural tractor. The shovel 1001 includes a bucket 206, a bucket door 207, a bulldozer 202 and a blade 210 installed at the front end of the bucket 206. The bucket 206 serves as the body of the shovel 1001. The bucket door 207 is provided with a connecting frame on the left and right sides respectively. The outer side of the connecting frame has a bucket door first connecting end 2071, and the inner side has a bucket door second connecting end 2072. The left and right sides of the bucket 206 are provided with a bucket first connecting end 2061, a bucket second connecting end 2062, a bucket third connecting end 2063 and a bucket fourth connecting end 2064. The bucket door second connecting end 2072 is plugged and matched with the bucket second connecting end 2062, so that the bucket door 207 is hingedly connected to the bucket 206. The first connection end 2071 of the bucket door is connected to a bucket door opening and closing telescopic mechanism, and the extension and retraction of the bucket door opening and closing telescopic mechanism realizes the lifting and lowering of the bucket door 207. The bucket door opening and closing telescopic cylinder includes a bucket door opening and closing hydraulic rod 208 and a bucket door opening and closing hydraulic cylinder 209. The front end of the bucket door opening and closing hydraulic rod 208 has a hinged ear 2081, and the hinged ear 2081 is connected to the first connection end 2071 of the bucket door. The bucket door opening and closing hydraulic cylinder 209 has a hydraulic cylinder rear connection end 2091, and the hydraulic cylinder rear connection end 2091 is connected to the third connection end 2063 of the bucket. The first connection end 2061 of the bucket is connected to a bucket lifting hydraulic mechanism, and the bucket lifting hydraulic mechanism includes a bucket lifting hydraulic cylinder 204 and a bucket lifting hydraulic rod 205. The lower end of the bucket lifting hydraulic rod 205 is provided with a bucket hydraulic rod connection end 2051, and the bucket lifting hydraulic cylinder 204 has a hydraulic cylinder front connection end 2041. The shaft frame 200 has a first shaft frame connection end 201 and a second shaft frame connection end 203. The first shaft frame connection end 201 is hingedly connected to the fourth shaft frame connection end 2064 of the bucket. The second shaft frame connection end 203 is hingedly connected to the front connection end 2041 of the hydraulic cylinder. When the bucket lifting hydraulic mechanism is extended or retracted, the front end of the bucket 206 can be raised or lowered.

[0028] The front end of the bucket 206 has an opening facing forward, and the bucket door 207 is used to open and close the opening. When the front end of the bucket 206 moves down and shovels soil forward, the bucket door 207 rises and opens the opening, and the soil enters the bucket 206 from the opening. When the front end of the bucket 206 is lifted upward, the bucket door 207 moves down and closes the opening to prevent the soil from rolling out of the opening. The bulldozer blade 202 is located in the bucket, and a bulldozer hydraulic mechanism is connected to the rear side thereof. When the bulldozer hydraulic mechanism is extended, it pushes the bulldozer blade 202 to move forward, thereby pushing the soil loaded in the bucket out of the bucket.

[0029] The front end opening of the bucket 206 is provided with a platform 306 for installing a blade 210. In the present invention, the blade 210 is installed on the platform 306 along the front-to-back direction. A compression spring mechanism 400 is installed between the blade 210 and the bucket 206 to push the blade 210 forward. The blade 210 squeezes the compression spring mechanism 400 when moving backward. After the blade 210 moves backward a set distance, it can swing left and right in the plane where the platform 306 is located, so that the front end blade of the blade 210 tilts to one side or the other.

[0030] In this embodiment, the blade 210 is guided forward and backward by the translation groove 300 extending in the front-to-back direction, and is swung left and right by the arc-shaped moving groove 301. A sinking groove 303 is provided on the platform 306, and a sealing plate 305 is detachably connected to the notch of the sinking groove 303. Specifically, the sealing plate 305 is connected to the notch of the sinking groove 303 by a threaded fastener. A avoidance opening is provided on the sealing plate 305, and an installation chamber with an opening is formed between the platform 306 and the sealing plate 305. The bottom of the sinking groove 303 is provided with a translation groove 300, an arc-shaped moving groove 301 and an arc-shaped groove 302. Two translation grooves 300 are arranged at intervals on the left and right, both extending in the front-to-back direction. The arc-shaped moving groove 301 is located at the rear end of the translation groove 300, and the concave side is arranged forward. The arc-shaped moving groove 301 is connected to the two translation grooves 300 at the same time. The translation groove 300, the arc-shaped moving groove 301 and the arc-shaped groove 302 are all located in the installation chamber.

[0031] Two groups of guide posts are provided on the lower side of the scraper 210, and the compression spring mechanism 400 is arranged one-to-one with the guide posts, and the guide posts and the compression spring mechanism 400 are both arranged in the installation chamber. The two groups of guide posts are respectively installed in the two groups of translation grooves 300, and can move forward and backward in the translation grooves 300. When the guide posts move into the arc-shaped movement groove 301, they can move along the extension direction of the arc-shaped movement groove 301. The platform 306 is also provided with an arc-shaped groove 302 behind the arc-shaped movement groove 301, and the extension direction of the arc-shaped groove 302 is the same as the extension direction of the arc-shaped movement groove 301. The compression spring mechanism 400 and the guide posts are arranged one-to-one in the arc-shaped groove 302, and the front end of the compression spring mechanism 400 presses on the guide posts. When the guide posts move into the arc-shaped movement groove 301, the compression spring mechanism 400 can move along the extension direction of the arc-shaped groove 302.

[0032] In this embodiment, the guide column is a telescopic structure, which includes a fixed column 2102 fixed on the lower side of the scraper 210, and also includes a telescopic column 2101 movably inserted in the fixed column 2102. The lower end surface of the telescopic column 2101 is an inclined surface, and there is an elastic telescopic structure between the telescopic column 2101 and the fixed column 2102. During the forward and backward movement of the scraper 210, the telescopic column 2101 can automatically extend and retract, and the lower end surface of the telescopic column 2101 is always coordinated with the bottom support of the translation groove 300. The compression spring mechanism 400 includes a sliding block 404, a spring limiting cylinder 402 and a spring 401. The sliding block 404 is fixedly connected to the rear end of the spring limiting cylinder 402. The sliding block 404 and the spring limiting cylinder 402 are located in the arc groove 302. The rear end of the spring 401 is fixed to the front end of the spring limiting cylinder 402. The inner hole of the spring limiting cylinder 402 is a spring limiting hole 403. A spring limiting rod 2103 is fixed on the side wall of the fixed column 2102. The spring limiting rod 2103 penetrates into the spring 401 and is movably inserted in the spring limiting hole 403, thereby supporting and limiting the spring 401.

[0033] In this embodiment, the sliding block 404 is a cylinder, and a downwardly extending limiting column 405 is fixed to the lower side of the sliding block 404. An arc-shaped limiting groove 304 is provided on the groove bottom of the arc-shaped groove 302. The extending direction of the arc-shaped limiting groove 304 is the same as the extending direction of the arc-shaped moving groove 301. The limiting column 405 is located in the arc-shaped limiting groove 304 to prevent the sliding block 404 from sliding forward and backward. Of course, in other embodiments, the limiting column 405 may not be provided. In this case, the sliding block 404 is prevented from sliding forward and backward by the limiting cooperation between the sliding block 404 and the groove wall of the arc-shaped groove 302.

[0034] In this embodiment, the blade 210 includes an inclined section at the front end whose thickness gradually increases from the front to the rear and a flat section at the rear end whose thickness remains unchanged. The left and right widths of the inclined section are the same, the thickness of the flat section is equal to the maximum thickness of the inclined section, and the flat section is an arc-shaped structure protruding backwards. The left and right sides of the bucket 206 are respectively provided with limit slots for limiting the left and right sides of the blade 210. The width of the limit slot in the up-down direction is slightly greater than the thickness of the flat section of the blade 210, so that the left and right sides of the blade 210 can be inserted into the limit slots. At the same time, the limit slots can limit the freedom of the blade 210 in the up-down direction, ensuring that the blade 210 is reliably installed at the front end of the bucket 206. At the same time, since the flat section at the rear section of the blade 210 is an arc-shaped structure, the arc-shaped structure of the blade 210 can avoid the limit slots during the left-right swing of the blade 210 to avoid interference.

[0035] In the present invention, side blades 210 are fixed on the bucket 206 at the left and right sides of the blade 210 . The side blades 210 are vertically arranged to cut the soil on both sides.

[0036] In the present invention, the blade of the blade 210 is a backward concave arc structure, so that in the process of shoveling soil, the arc blade 210 will cause hard soil blocks to roll toward the middle of the blade 210, so that it is easier to form a raised soil pile in the middle position of the blade 210. In this way, after the front end of the shovel 1001 is lifted, as the shovel 1001 continues to move forward, the raised soil pile in the middle position will form a top support at the position below the blade 210, which is conducive to the stable lifting of the front end of the bucket 206. At the same time, because the hard soil blocks are mainly concentrated in the middle of the blade 210, the hard soil blocks are prevented from affecting the operation of the wheels, ensuring the stable operation of the shovel 1001.

[0037] When the mining shovel and loader device of the present invention is in use, the mining shovel and loader device is installed on the tractor 100 and moved to the position where soil needs to be shoveled. When the shovel loader 1001 is driven to the set position, the bucket door opening and closing hydraulic mechanism contracts, causing the bucket door 207 to rotate and lift; at the same time, due to the extension of the bucket lifting hydraulic mechanism, the bucket 206 as a whole rotates around the fourth connecting end 2064 of the bucket, so that the front end of the bucket 206 moves downward, and the blade 210 touches the ground and penetrates deep, thereby starting the soil shoveling process. When the soil shoveling is completed, the bucket door 207 descends, the opening at the front end of the bucket 206 is closed, and the soil loaded into the bucket 206 is transported to the desired position. After reaching the desired position, the bucket door 207 rises, the opening at the front end of the bucket 206 is opened, and the bulldozer hydraulic mechanism extends and pushes the bulldozer plate 202 forward to push the soil in the bucket 206 down, thus completing a soil shoveling work.

[0038] When the soil to be shoveled is soft, the backward displacement of the shovel blade 210 is not enough to make the guide column reach the arc-shaped moving groove 301. At this time, under the restriction of the translation groove 300, even if the left and right sides of the shovel blade 210 are subject to different resistances, the shovel blade 210 cannot swing left and right. At this time, the shovel blade 210 is in a straight posture in the left and right directions, and the projection length of the blade 210 in the left and right directions is at its longest state. At this time, the width of the soil shoveled in the left and right directions is the largest; when the soil to be shoveled is hard, the shovel blade 210 often encounters locally hard stones. At this time, the entire shovel blade 210 is subjected to a large force and the backward position The displacement is large, so that the guide column moves into the arc-shaped moving groove 301. At this time, the shovel blade 210 can swing left and right. Combined with the different resistances on the left and right sides of the shovel blade 210, the shovel blade 210 will tilt to the left or right side, so that the projection length of the blade 210 in the left and right directions is reduced, that is, the width of the soil shoveled by the shovel blade 210 in the left and right directions is reduced, and then the resultant force applied to the shovel blade 210 along the direction perpendicular to the forward movement of the shovel loader 1001 is reduced, and the greater the difference in soil hardness, the greater the inclination angle of the shovel blade 210, and the smaller the projection length of the blade of the shovel blade 210 in the left and right directions.

[0039] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A mining shovel device, comprising a shovel truck (1001), the shovel truck (1001) comprising a bucket (206) and a shovel blade (210) mounted at the front end of the bucket (206), characterized in that: The front end of the bucket (206) has a platform (306) for mounting a shovel blade (210). The shovel blade (210) is mounted on the platform (306) in a forward and backward direction. A compression spring mechanism (400) is mounted between the shovel blade (210) and the bucket (206) to push the shovel blade (210) forward. When the shovel blade (210) moves backward, it compresses the compression spring mechanism (400). After the shovel blade (210) moves backward a set distance, it can swing left and right in the plane where the platform (306) is located, so that the front blade of the shovel blade (210) is tilted to one side or the other. At least two groups of guide columns are provided on the lower side surface of the shovel blade (210). A translation groove (300) extending in the forward and backward direction is provided on the platform (306). An arc-shaped moving groove (301) is also provided on the platform (306) at the rear end of the translation groove (300). The concave side of the movable groove (301) faces forward, the translation groove (300) is connected to the arc-shaped movable groove (301), the guide column is installed in the corresponding translation groove (300), and can move forward and backward in the translation groove (300), and the guide column can move along the extension direction of the arc-shaped movable groove (301) when it moves into the arc-shaped movable groove (301), and an arc-shaped groove (302) is provided in the platform (306) behind the arc-shaped movable groove (301), and the extension direction of the arc-shaped groove (302) is the same as the extension direction of the arc-shaped movable groove (301), and the compression spring mechanism (400) corresponding to the guide column is installed in the arc-shaped groove (302), and the front end of the compression spring mechanism (400) presses on the guide column, and the compression spring mechanism (400) can move along the extension direction of the arc-shaped groove (302) when the guide column moves into the arc-shaped movable groove (301).

2. The mining shovel and loading device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The platform (306) is provided with a sink groove (303), the notch of the sink groove (303) is connected to a sealing plate (305), and the sealing plate (305) is provided with an escape opening to form an installation chamber with an opening between the platform (306) and the sealing plate (305), the translation groove (300), the arc-shaped moving groove (301) and the arc-shaped groove (302) are located in the installation chamber, and the guide column and the compression spring mechanism (400) are both arranged in the installation chamber.

3. The mining shovel and loading device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The guide column is a telescopic structure, comprising a fixed column (2102) fixed on the lower side of the scraper (210), and a telescopic column (2101) movably inserted in the fixed column (2102), a spring limiting rod (2103) fixed on the side wall of the fixed column (2102), and the compression spring mechanism (400) comprising a sliding block (404), a spring limiting cylinder and a spring (401), the sliding block (404) being fixedly connected to the rear end of the spring limiting cylinder, the sliding block (404) and the spring limiting cylinder being located in the arc-shaped groove (302), the rear end of the spring (401) being fixed to the front end of the spring limiting cylinder, and the spring limiting rod (2103) penetrating the spring (401) and being movably inserted in the spring limiting cylinder.

4. The mining shovel and loading device according to claim 3, characterized in that: A downwardly extending limiting column (405) is fixed to the lower side of the sliding block (404); an arc-shaped limiting groove (304) is provided on the bottom wall of the arc-shaped groove (302); the extending direction of the arc-shaped limiting groove (304) is the same as the extending direction of the arc-shaped moving groove (301); the limiting column (405) is located in the arc-shaped limiting groove (304) to prevent the sliding block (404) from sliding forward and backward.

5. The mining shovel and loading device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The blade of the scraper (210) is a rearwardly concave arc-shaped structure.

6. The mining shovel and loading device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The scraper (210) comprises an inclined section at the front end whose thickness gradually increases from front to rear and a flat section at the rear end whose thickness remains constant. The left and right widths of the inclined sections are the same, the thickness of the flat section is equal to the maximum thickness of the inclined section, and the flat section is an arc-shaped structure protruding backwards. The left and right sides of the scraper (206) are respectively provided with limit slots for limiting cooperation with the left and right sides of the scraper (210).

7. The mining shovel and loading device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The bucket (206) is provided with side scrapers (210) fixed on the left and right sides of the scraper (210), and the side scrapers (210) are arranged vertically.

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