Application of sodium percarbonate in the preparation of products for reducing acute toxicity of fish

Abstract

The present invention provides the use of sodium percarbonate in the preparation of a product that reduces acute toxicity in fish, relating to the technical field of schistosomiasis control. The present invention uses sodium percarbonate to reduce the acute toxicity of niclosamide to fish. This novel application can, to a certain extent, resolve the conflict between schistosomiasis control and aquaculture, and can serve as an emergency protection measure during drug snail control in aquaculture areas.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of schistosomiasis control, and in particular to application of sodium percarbonate in reducing the acute toxicity of niclosamide to fish. Background Art

[0002] Schistosomiasis is a serious infectious parasitic disease that affects human health and is endemic in 74 countries worldwide. It is a zoonotic parasitic disease. The World Health Organization estimates that 600 million people worldwide are at risk of schistosomiasis infection, of which approximately 200 million are infected. Schistosomiasis is endemic in my country's Yangtze River Basin and in the 12 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions to its south. Oncomelania snails are the sole intermediate host of Schistosoma japonicum. Snail control is a key component of Schistosomiasis japonicum control.

[0003] Drug-based snail control is currently the primary method. Niclosamide is the only snailicide recommended by the WHO and is widely used to control Oncomelania snails, the vector of schistosomiasis. The current domestically produced formulation is a 50% niclosamide ethanolamine salt wettable powder, primarily suitable for immersion and spraying. While effective, it is highly toxic to non-target organisms, particularly fish and other aquatic animals. Drug-based snail control around fish ponds and in ditches connected to them often results in fish poisoning, causing not only economic losses but also disputes due to the harm to farmers. With the growing aquaculture industry, the conflict between aquaculture and schistosomiasis control has become increasingly prominent. Drug-based snail control in aquaculture areas has become a major challenge and pain point in snail control. If unresolved, aquaculture areas will inevitably become a source of snail breeding and spread. Resolving the conflict between schistosomiasis control and aquaculture, and ensuring that disease control better serves economic development, is a key focus in the current field of schistosomiasis control. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a use of sodium percarbonate in a product for reducing acute toxicity of fish. The sodium percarbonate of the present invention can effectively reduce the acute toxicity of niclosamide to fish.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] The invention provides application of sodium percarbonate in preparing a product for reducing acute toxicity to fish.

[0007] Preferably, the acute toxicity to fish is caused by niclosamide.

[0008] Preferably, the species of fish include zebrafish, crucian carp, black carp, grass carp, silver carp and bighead carp.

[0009] Preferably, the sodium percarbonate is applied 0.5 h before the application of niclosamide.

[0010] Preferably, the dosage of niclosamide is 0.03-0.50 mg / L.

[0011] Preferably, the dosage of sodium percarbonate is 1.0 mg / L.

[0012] Preferably, the sodium percarbonate is used at a temperature of 15 to 25°C.

[0013] Preferably, the dosage form of the sodium percarbonate includes tablets or granules.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0015] The present invention provides a new application of sodium percarbonate, which reduces the acute toxicity of niclosamide to fish. This new application can, to a certain extent, resolve the conflict between schistosomiasis control and aquaculture, and can serve as an emergency protection measure during snail control in aquaculture areas. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] The invention provides application of sodium percarbonate in preparing a product for reducing acute toxicity to fish.

[0017] Sodium percarbonate, CAS No. 15630-89-4, molecular formula: 2Na₂CO₃·3H₂O₂, molecular weight: 314.021, is a white crystalline powder in its pure form and is soluble in water. Its decomposition products, oxygen, water, and sodium carbonate, are naturally occurring substances and have no adverse effects on the environment at the doses used.

[0018] The acute toxicity to fish of the present invention is preferably caused by niclosamide.

[0019] The species of fish described in the present invention preferably include zebrafish, crucian carp, black carp, grass carp, silver carp and bighead carp.

[0020] The sodium percarbonate of the present invention is preferably applied 0.5 h before the application of niclosamide.

[0021] The dosage of niclosamide in the present invention is preferably 0.03-0.50 mg / L, more preferably 0.50 mg / L.

[0022] The dosage of the sodium percarbonate in the present invention is preferably 1.0 mg / L.

[0023] The sodium percarbonate of the present invention is preferably used at a temperature of 15 to 25°C, more preferably 20°C.

[0024] The dosage form of the sodium percarbonate of the present invention preferably includes tablets or granules. The present invention has no particular limitation on the preparation method of the sodium percarbonate tablets or granules, and can be prepared by methods well known to those skilled in the art or by self-preparation. As an practicable method, the preparation method of the sodium percarbonate tablets or granules is as follows: 1 kg of light soda ash is added to a 20L double cone mixer, and 3.82 g of a solid stabilizer, magnesium sulfate, is added simultaneously; 0.876 kg of a hydrogen peroxide solution (50.1% in terms of H2O2) is weighed, and 0.02 kg of diethylenetriamine pentamethylenephosphonic acid (DTPMP) and its sodium salt solution are added, and the mixture is stirred and mixed uniformly; the prepared hydrogen peroxide solution is sprayed into the double cone mixer, and a refrigerated circulating water is turned on to cool the mixture. When the moisture content of the sodium percarbonate powder reaches 15%-25% (preferably 18%-20%), a granulation aid is added to convert the sodium percarbonate powder into expanded wet granules, which are then pressed into a sheet or granule shape using a tabletting machine or a granulator, and dried to form a sodium percarbonate tablet or granule finished product.

[0025] The present invention uses laboratory zebrafish experiments to show that when the sodium percarbonate concentration is 1 mg / L, under the same conditions and the same concentration of niclosamide solution, the experimental group that added sodium percarbonate had a higher zebrafish survival rate than the control group. The present invention also uses on-site experiments with crucian carp, black carp, grass carp, silver carp, and bighead carp to show that when the sodium percarbonate concentration is 1 mg / L, under the same conditions and the same concentration of niclosamide solution, the experimental group that added sodium percarbonate had a higher survival rate than the control group. This shows that sodium percarbonate can effectively alleviate the acute toxic effects of niclosamide on fish, is easy to use, can resolve the contradiction between schistosomiasis control and aquaculture to a certain extent, and can be used as an emergency protection during drug snail control in aquaculture areas.

[0026] In the present invention, unless otherwise specified, all raw material components are commercially available products well known to those skilled in the art.

[0027] The following will be combined with the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] Example 1

[0029] Sodium percarbonate tablets

[0030] (1) Add 1 kg of light soda ash to a 20 L double cone mixer and add 3.82 g of solid stabilizer magnesium sulfate;

[0031] (2) Weigh 0.876 kg of hydrogen peroxide solution (50.1% in terms of H2O2), add 0.02 kg of diethylenetriaminepentamethylenephosphonic acid (DTPMP) and its sodium salt solution, and stir to mix thoroughly;

[0032] (3) spraying the prepared hydrogen peroxide solution into the double cone mixer, turning on the refrigerated circulating water to cool down, and when the moisture content of the sodium percarbonate powder reaches 20%, adding a granulating aid to convert the sodium percarbonate powder into expanded wet granules;

[0033] (4) Use a tablet machine to press into sheets, and then dry to form sodium percarbonate tablets.

[0034] Example 2

[0035] Preparation of sodium percarbonate granules

[0036] The specific implementation is the same as that of Example 1, except that step (4) is to use a granulator to press the mixture into granules, which are then dried to form the finished sodium percarbonate granules.

[0037] Example 3

[0038] Application of laboratory sodium percarbonate in reducing the acute toxicity of niclosamide to fish

[0039] 400 ml of dechlorinated water (water temperature: 20° C.) was added to each of ten 500 ml beakers, and ten zebrafish were placed in each beaker. The five experimental groups were added with the sodium percarbonate granules prepared in Example 2 at a concentration of 1 mg / L (the effective concentration of sodium percarbonate in the solution was 1 mg / L), and no sodium percarbonate was added to the five control groups.

[0040] Weigh 1.00 mg of niclosamide and dissolve it in 10 ml of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to prepare a solution with a concentration of 100.00 mg / L. 0.5 h after the sodium percarbonate application, add the niclosamide solution dropwise to the experimental and control groups, diluting the concentrations to 0.50, 0.25, 0.12, 0.06, and 0.03 mg / L, respectively. Observe the zebrafish for 72 hours. Zebrafish were considered dead if they showed no visible movement. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0041] Table 1 Effect of sodium percarbonate on reducing the acute toxicity of different concentrations of niclosamide to zebrafish

[0042]

[0043] As shown in Table 1, when the concentration of sodium percarbonate was 1 mg / L, under the same conditions and in the same concentration of niclosamide solution, the survival rate of zebrafish in the experimental group with sodium percarbonate added was higher than that in the control group.

[0044] Example 4

[0045] Application of sodium percarbonate in reducing the acute toxicity of niclosamide to fish

[0046] Two ponds were selected, and 100 crucian carp, black carp, grass carp, silver carp and bighead carp (body length 16-18 cm) were put into each pond. In one of the ponds, the sodium percarbonate tablets prepared in Example 1 were applied at 1 mg / L (the effective concentration of sodium percarbonate in water is 1 mg / L). The pond without sodium percarbonate application served as a blank control.

[0047] 0.5 h after the application of sodium percarbonate tablets, 50% niclosamide wettable powder was sprinkled into the two ponds at a concentration of 1 mg / L (the effective concentration of niclosamide in water is 0.5 mg / L). The mortality of various fish species in the two ponds was observed at 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0048] Table 2 Effect of sodium percarbonate on reducing the acute toxicity of niclosamide to different types of fish

[0049]

[0050] As shown in Table 2, when the concentration of sodium percarbonate was 1 mg / L, under the same conditions and in the same concentration of niclosamide solution, the survival rate of crucian carp, black carp, grass carp, silver carp and bighead carp in the experimental group with sodium percarbonate added was higher than that in the control group.

[0051] In summary, sodium percarbonate can effectively alleviate the acute toxic effects of niclosamide on fish. It is easy to use and can resolve the contradiction between schistosomiasis prevention and control and aquaculture to a certain extent. It can be used as an emergency protection during drug snail control in aquaculture areas.

[0052] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. Application of sodium percarbonate in the preparation of products for reducing acute toxicity of fish; The acute toxicity to fish was caused by niclosamide.

2. The use according to claim 1, characterized in that The species of fish include zebrafish, crucian carp, black carp, grass carp, silver carp and bighead carp.

3. The use according to claim 1, characterized in that The sodium percarbonate was applied 0.5 h before the application of niclosamide.

4. The use according to claim 3, characterized in that The dosage of the niclosamide is 0.03-0.50 mg / L.

5. The use according to claim 1, characterized in that The sodium percarbonate application amount is 1.0 mg / L.

6. The use according to claim 1, characterized in that The sodium percarbonate is used at a temperature of 15 to 25°C.

7. The use according to claim 1, characterized in that The dosage form of the sodium percarbonate includes tablets or granules.

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