A shield machine cutter disassembly and assembly system

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of shield machine equipment, and specifically to a shield machine cutter disassembly and assembly system, comprising two C-shaped blocks, a cutter holder, a mechanical claw and two first sliders, wherein the two C-shaped blocks are fixed on two opposite sides of the cutter holder, the first slider is located on a side of the C-shaped block where a notch is provided, and both ends of the cutter shaft of the disc cutter are respectively arranged in the hollow parts of the two C-shaped blocks, the first slider can be locked in a position near the C-shaped block, abutting against the side of the cutter shaft exposed from the notch of the C-shaped block, and when the first slider slides in a direction away from the C-shaped block, the mechanical claw can first displace the disc cutter laterally toward the notch side, and then displace the disc cutter upward, thereby disengaging the disc cutter from the cutter holder. The present invention can realize automatic and rapid disassembly and assembly of the disc cutter, has a simple structure, good reliability, low maintenance cost and good stability in use.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of shield machine equipment, and in particular to a shield machine cutter disassembly and assembly system. Background Art

[0002] Shield machines are large-scale automated equipment that are indispensable in modern tunneling construction. However, when working in hard strata, the cutters frequently wear out, necessitating regular tool replacement.

[0003] Previously, shield machine disc cutters were primarily secured to the cutterhead using C-shaped blocks and bolts. Disassembly still required workers to manually change cutters underground, requiring the collaboration of multiple personnel. This was not only time-consuming and labor-intensive, but also, due to the high air pressure and hazardous gases in the tunnel, ground collapse could occur. Furthermore, the cutters were heavy, and the working environment was confined and narrow. Manual cutter changes resulted in frequent casualties, posing a significant threat to the health and safety of workers.

[0004] Although shield machines currently have automatic tooling for tooling changes, none of them replace disc cutters. Furthermore, they are complex in structure, have poor reliability, are not conducive to stable operation, and have high maintenance costs. For example, Chinese invention patent publication number "CN107288647B" discloses a tool changing system for a shield machine, comprising a tool, a cutterhead connected to the tool, a tool box connected to the cutterhead for supporting the tool, and a tool changing device for removing and installing the tool. The tool includes a cutter head and a tool support rod. The tool support rod has a tool tail at its rear end for connecting to the tool changing device. The tool box is equipped with a sealing gate valve for sealing the tool box, a flushing port for flushing the cutter head, and a tool fastening structure for securing the tool. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is that the existing tooling for automatic tool change of shield machines cannot replace the disc cutter, and has a complex structure, poor reliability, is not conducive to stable use, and has high maintenance costs.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a shield machine cutter disassembly and assembly system, comprising two C-shaped blocks, a cutter holder, a mechanical claw and two first sliders, the two C-shaped blocks are fixed on opposite sides of the cutter holder, a disc cutter is arranged between the two C-shaped blocks, and the two C-shaped blocks are respectively located on one side of two radial surfaces of the disc cutter, the two first sliders are respectively slidably connected to the cutter holder, the two first sliders are also respectively located on one side of two radial surfaces of the disc cutter, the first slider is located on the side of the C-shaped block where a notch is provided, and the two ends of the cutter shaft of the disc cutter are respectively placed in the hollow parts of the two C-shaped blocks, the first slider can be locked in a position near the C-shaped block, abutting against the side of the cutter shaft exposed from the notch of the C-shaped block, so that the C-shaped block and the first slider jointly fix the cutter shaft, when the first slider slides in a direction away from the C-shaped block, the mechanical claw can first displace the disc cutter laterally toward the notch side, and then displace the disc cutter upward, thereby detaching the disc cutter from the cutter holder.

[0007] Furthermore, the first slider is connected to the tool holder in an up and down sliding manner, and the side of the first slider facing the notch of the C-shaped block is an inclined surface, and the diameter of the first slider gradually increases from the upper end to the lower end. The side of the tool shaft facing the first slider is also an inclined surface, and its diameter gradually decreases from the upper end to the lower end, and is aligned with the first slider.

[0008] Furthermore, it also includes a driving structure and a guide block, the driving structure includes a hexagonal wrench, a bolt and a motor, the bolt is fixed on the tool holder, the motor is fixed on the mechanical claw, the hexagonal wrench and the bolt are vertically coaxially arranged up and down, the bolt head is provided with a hexagonal hole, the body of the motor is fixed on the mechanical claw, the rotating shaft of the motor is fixed to the top of the hexagonal wrench, the mechanical claw can be raised and lowered, thereby driving the bottom of the hexagonal wrench to extend into or out of the hexagonal hole of the bolt, a threaded through hole is provided in the middle of the first slider, the rod of the bolt passes through the through hole, the internal thread of the first slider and the external thread of the bolt can cooperate with each other, the guide block is vertically fixed in the tool holder, and the guide block vertically passes through the first slider.

[0009] Furthermore, it also includes a second slider and a limit block, the second slider is directly fixed to the mechanical claw, the limit block is horizontally arranged, the length extension direction of the limit block is perpendicular to the axial direction of the disc hob, the limit block is provided with a slide groove, the second slider can slide in the slide groove, the motor and the hexagonal wrench are both fixed to the right end of the second slider, and a first clip group and a second clip group are provided on the limit block at intervals, the first clip group and the left end of the limit block are spaced apart, the first clip group and the left side wall of the limit block can limit the second slider to the left side of the limit block, the first clip group and the second clip group can limit the second slider to the middle of the limit block, and when the second slider is driven to slide, the clip group can be elastically compressed to release the limit of the second slider by the clip group.

[0010] Furthermore, each of the buckle groups includes two clips, each of the clips includes a coil spring and a latch finger, four accommodating grooves are provided in the slide groove, one end of each coil spring is fixed to the inner wall of a accommodating groove, and a latch finger is fixed to the other end of each coil spring, the depth of the accommodating groove is equal to or greater than the total length of the coil spring and the latch finger when the coil spring is compressed to the upper limit, and the latch finger can be tightly pressed against the side of the second slider.

[0011] Furthermore, a fixing seat is provided on the top of the inner side surface of the knife holder, the side surface of the fixing seat is fixed to the knife holder, the fixing seat is provided with a vertical through hole, the outside of the bolt head is interference-connected with a fixing sleeve, the fixing sleeve includes connecting ears bent horizontally on both sides, and the two connecting ears are fixed together with the top of the fixing seat by screws.

[0012] Furthermore, a boss is provided under the head of the bolt, and the fixing seat is provided with a stepped hole, the stepped hole includes a first stepped hole and a second stepped hole arranged up and down, the diameter of the first stepped hole is larger than the diameter of the second stepped hole, the head of the bolt is located in the first stepped hole, the outer diameter of the boss is larger than the diameter of the second stepped hole, the bottom of the boss is placed on the bottom of the first stepped hole, and the rod of the bolt is located in the second stepped hole.

[0013] Furthermore, the first slider is provided with a receiving cavity below the through hole, the diameter of the receiving cavity is larger than the diameter of the through hole, the bottom of the bolt is provided with a dustproof sheet coaxial with the bolt, the dustproof sheet is equal to the diameter of the receiving cavity, and the bottom of the bolt is located above the dustproof sheet. A dustproof rubber ring is also provided, which can cover the gap between the dustproof sheet and the opening of the receiving cavity.

[0014] The technical solution of the present invention has the following advantages:

[0015] The present invention provides a shield machine cutter disassembly and assembly system, which adds a mechanical claw and two first sliders, and the two C-shaped blocks are respectively located on one side of the two radial surfaces of the disc cutter, and the two ends of the cutter shaft of the disc cutter are respectively set in the middle of a C-shaped block, and the two first sliders are respectively slidably connected in the cutter seat, and are respectively located on one side of the two radial surfaces of the disc cutter, and are located on the side where the C-shaped block is provided with a notch. The first slider can be locked in a position near the C-shaped block, abutting the side of the cutter shaft exposed from the notch of the C-shaped block, so that the C-shaped block and the first slider jointly fix the cutter shaft. The first slider can slide away from the C-shaped block, so that the first slider is separated from the support and limit on the side of the cutter shaft exposed from the notch of the C-shaped block. The disc cutter is driven by the mechanical claw to move laterally, so that the cutter shaft passes through the notch of the C-shaped block and is separated from the C-shaped block, and is then driven upward by the mechanical claw to complete the disassembly. The steps for installing a new disc cutter are exactly the opposite of the disassembly steps.

[0016] The present invention enables automated removal and installation of disc cutters. The underground cutter holder, C-shaped block, and first slider are simple in structure, highly reliable, and offer excellent operational stability, effectively improving cutter change efficiency. While the mechanical claw, while more complex than the aforementioned components, can be extended above ground using a robotic arm, enabling maintenance. Overall, the system achieves rapid disc cutter replacement with high reliability and operational stability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the specific embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0018] Figure 1 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of a shield machine cutter disassembly and assembly system provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 2 This is a front view of the disc cutter of the present invention installed on the cutter holder (without the cutter holder);

[0020] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the present invention in which the first slider moves downward and the mechanical claw drives the disc cutter to move to the right, causing the cutter shaft to separate from the C-shaped block (without the cutter holder);

[0021] Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the mechanical claw driving the disc cutter to move upward based on the state (removing the cutter holder);

[0022] Figure 5 A cross-sectional view of the disc cutter of the present invention mounted on a cutter holder;

[0023] Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of the first slider of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view of a bolt of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 8 A three-dimensional diagram of the knife holder of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 9 is a cross-sectional view of the tool holder of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 10 For the present invention Figure 5 A magnified schematic diagram of part A;

[0028] Figure 11 is a three-dimensional diagram of the mechanical claw of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 12 A three-dimensional diagram of a limit block of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 13 It is a cross-sectional perspective view of the limit block of the present invention.

[0031] Explanation of the accompanying drawings: 10, C-shaped block; 20, mechanical claw; 30, first slider; 31, through hole; 40, tool holder; 50, disc hob; 51, tool shaft; 60, guide block; 70, hexagonal wrench; 80, bolt; 81, hexagonal socket; 82, boss; 83, dustproof sheet; 90, motor; 1, second slider; 2, limit block; 21, slide groove; 3, first buckle group; 4, second buckle group; 430, clip; 431, coil spring; 432, snap finger; 211, accommodating groove; 5, fixing seat; 6, fixing sleeve; 61, connecting ear; 501, first stepped hole; 502, second stepped hole; 32, storage cavity; 7, dustproof rubber ring. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are intended solely to facilitate and simplify the description of the present invention. They are not intended to indicate or imply that the devices or components referred to must have, be constructed, or operate in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limitations on the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0034] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they may refer to fixed, detachable, or integral connections; mechanical or electrical connections; direct or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0035] In addition, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0036] The present invention provides a shield machine cutter disassembly and assembly system, comprising two C-shaped blocks 10, a cutter seat 40, a mechanical claw 20 and two first sliders 30. The two C-shaped blocks 10 are fixed on opposite sides of the cutter seat 40. The disc cutter 50 is arranged between the two C-shaped blocks 10, and the two C-shaped blocks 10 are respectively located on one side of the two radial surfaces of the disc cutter 50. The two first sliders 30 are respectively slidably connected in the cutter seat 40. The two first sliders 30 are also respectively located on one side of the two radial surfaces of the disc cutter 50, and the first is located on the side where the notch is provided in the C-shaped block 10. The two ends of the cutter shaft 501 of the disc cutter 50 are respectively placed in the hollow parts of the sliders of the two C-shaped blocks 10. The first slider 30 can be locked in a position near the C-shaped block 10, abutting against the side of the cutter shaft 501 exposed from the notch of the C-shaped block 10, so that the C-shaped block 10 and the first slider 30 jointly fix the cutter shaft 501.

[0037] The mechanical claw in the present invention is a toothed mechanical gripper disclosed in Chinese patent publication number "CN109184711B", which can grasp a disc-shaped hob.

[0038] After the first slider 30 slides away from the C-shaped block 10, the mechanical claw 20 can first grasp the disc cutter 50 and move it laterally toward the notch, so that the disc cutter 50 is separated from the C-shaped block 10. The mechanical claw 20 then grasps the disc cutter 50 and moves it upward, thereby separating the disc cutter 50 from the cutter holder 40, completing the disassembly. After the disassembly is completed, the mechanical claw 20 places the disassembled disc cutter 50 on the ground, grabs a new disc cutter 50 and re-inserts it into the ground. The mechanical claw 20 moves laterally toward the C-shaped block 10 and places the new disc cutter 50 into the hollow portion of the C-shaped block 10. Finally, the first slider 30 approaches the C-shaped block 10 so that the first slider 30 can press against the side of the cutter shaft 501 exposed from the C-shaped block 10. At this point, the disc cutter 50 is reinstalled.

[0039] The first slider 30 slides up and down within the cutter holder 40. The side of the first slider 30 facing the notch in the C-shaped block 10 is an inclined surface, with the diameter of the first slider 30 gradually increasing from the top to the bottom. The side of the cutter shaft 501 facing the first slider 30 is also an inclined surface, with its diameter gradually decreasing from the top to the bottom, aligning with the first slider 30. The side of the first slider 30 facing the notch in the C-shaped block 10 is an inclined surface, with the diameter of the first slider 30 gradually increasing from the top to the bottom. When the cutter shaft 501 needs to be secured, the inclined surface of the first slider 30 provides upward support for the cutter shaft 501. To remove the disc cutter 500, the first slider 30 moves downward. The inclined surface of the first slider 30 not only moves downward but also creates a parallel gap with the side of the cutter shaft 501 exposed from the C-shaped block 10. At this point, the first slider 30's restraint on the cutter shaft 501 is released, allowing the cutter shaft 501 to be removed from the side of the C-shaped block 10 with the notch. When the new disc cutter 50 is reinstalled in the C-shaped block 10, the first slider 30 moves up and resets. The inclined surface of the first slider 30 not only moves up, but also re-fits with the side of the cutter shaft 501 exposed from the C-shaped block 10, completing the re-fixation of the disc cutter 50.

[0040] The present invention further includes a driving structure and a guide block 60 . The driving structure can drive the first slider 30 to slide up and down. The guide block 60 provides support and guiding force for the first slider 30 to slide up and down.

[0041] The driving structure includes a hexagonal wrench 70, a bolt 80 and a motor 90. The bolt 80 is fixed on the tool holder 40, and the motor 90 is fixed on the mechanical claw 20. The hexagonal wrench 70 and the bolt 80 are arranged vertically coaxially up and down. The head of the bolt 80 is provided with a hexagonal hole 81. The body of the motor 90 is fixed on the mechanical claw 20. The rotating shaft of the motor 90 is fixed to the top of the hexagonal wrench 70. The mechanical claw 20 can be raised and lowered, thereby driving the bottom of the hexagonal wrench 70 to extend into or out of the hexagonal hole 81 of the bolt 80. A through hole 31 is provided in the middle of the first slider 30, and the rod of the bolt 80 is inserted into the through hole 31. The internal thread of the first slider 30 and the external thread of the bolt 80 can cooperate with each other. The guide block 60 is vertically fixed in the tool holder 40, and the guide block 60 vertically passes through the first slider 30. When the motor 90 starts its rotating shaft to rotate forward, the hexagonal wrench 70 rotates forward, and then the bolt 80 rotates forward, and finally the first slider 30 slides down; on the contrary, when the motor 90 starts its rotating shaft to rotate reversely, the hexagonal wrench 70 rotates reversely, and then the bolt 80 rotates reversely, and finally the first slider 30 slides up.

[0042] The present invention also includes a second slider 1 and a stopper 2. The second slider 1 is directly fixed to the mechanical claw 20. The stopper 2 is horizontally arranged, with its length extending perpendicular to the axial direction of the disc cutter 50. The stopper 2 is provided with a slot 21 within which the second slider 1 can slide. The motor 90 and the hexagonal wrench 70 are both fixed to the right end of the second slider 1. The stopper 2 is provided with a first snap-fit ​​assembly 3 and a second snap-fit ​​assembly 4, spaced apart from each other. The first snap-fit ​​assembly 3 is spaced apart from the left end of the stopper 2. The first snap-fit ​​assembly 3 and the left side wall of the stopper 2 can confine the second slider 1 to the left side of the slot 21. The first snap-fit ​​assembly 3 and the second snap-fit ​​assembly 4 can confine the second slider 1 to the middle of the slot 21. When the second slider 1 is driven to slide, the snap-fit ​​assembly elastically compresses, releasing the position limit on the second slider 1.

[0043] The second slider 1 slides relative to the limit block 2, so that even if the hexagonal wrench 70 is inserted into the bolt 80, it will not interfere with the right lateral movement of the mechanical claw 20.

[0044] When the second slider 1 moves to the middle of the slide groove 21, the cutter shaft 501 also disengages from the C-shaped block 10. At this time, the second slider 1 is locked again, so that the second slider 1 is fixed to the limit block 2, and the mechanical claw 20 is fixed to the limit block 2, the hexagonal wrench 70 and the motor 90. Then the robotic arm drives the mechanical claw 20 to rise, and at the same time the limit block 2, the hexagonal wrench 70 and the motor 90 rise together, completing the action of the mechanical claw 20 and the second slider 1 when the disc cutter 50 is removed.

[0045] When a new disc cutter 50 needs to be installed, the robotic arm lowers the mechanical claw 20 to the ground. At this time, the second slider 1 is locked in the middle of the chute 21. The robotic arm moves the mechanical claw 20 to the left, and the first buckle group 3 is compressed, releasing the lock on the mechanical claw 20. The mechanical claw 20 moves to the left while inserting the cutter shaft 501 into the C-shaped block 10. At this time, the hexagonal wrench 70 just extends into the hexagonal hole 81 of the bolt 80. The hexagonal wrench 70 extending into the hexagonal hole 81 of the bolt 80 will not interfere with the leftward movement of the mechanical claw 20. When the second slider 1 slides to the left side of the chute 21, the second slider 1 is locked again, thus completing the movement of the mechanical claw 20 and the second slider 1 when installing the disc cutter 50. After the two claws of the mechanical claw 20 are opened, they are no longer gripping the disc cutter 50 and can be directly driven upward by the robotic arm, thereby disengaging from the shield machine, allowing the shield machine to be used normally.

[0046] Each latch assembly includes two latches 430, each comprising a coil spring 431 and a latching finger 432. Four receiving slots 211 are defined within the slide 21. One end of each coil spring 431 is secured to the inner wall of a corresponding receiving slot 211, and a latching finger 432 is secured to the other end of each coil spring 431. The depth of the receiving slots 211 is equal to or greater than the combined length of the coil spring 431 and the latching finger 432 when the coil spring 431 is compressed to its upper limit. The latching finger 432 can abut against the side of the second slider 1. When the second slider 1 is driven with force, it presses against the latching finger 432, compressing the coil spring 431 and retracting the latching finger 432 into the receiving slot 211, enabling smooth sliding of the second slider 1.

[0047] A fixing seat 5 is provided at the top of the inner side of the blade holder 40. The side of the fixing seat 5 is fixed to the blade holder 40. The head of the bolt 80 is connected to a fixing sleeve 6 with an interference fit. The fixing sleeve 6 includes two horizontally bent connecting ears 61 on both sides. The two connecting ears 61 are fixed to the top of the fixing seat 5 with screws. The bolt 80 is mainly fixed to the blade holder 40 by the fixing sleeve 6.

[0048] A boss 82 is provided below the head of the bolt 80, and the fixing base 5 is provided with a stepped hole. The stepped holes include a first stepped hole 501 and a second stepped hole 502, which are arranged one above the other. The diameter of the first stepped hole 501 is larger than the diameter of the second stepped hole 502. The head of the bolt 80 is located within the first stepped hole 501, and the outer diameter of the boss 82 is larger than the diameter of the second stepped hole 502. The bottom of the boss 82 rests on the bottom of the first stepped hole 501, and the shank of the bolt 80 is located within the second stepped hole 502. The provision of the boss 82 allows the bolt 80 to be pre-positioned before being fixed. The bolt 80 can be directly inserted into the stepped hole from above. The boss 82 cooperates with the bottom of the first stepped hole 501, and the bolt 80 is suspended in the stepped hole. This frees both hands to hold the screw and screwdriver to fix the fixing sleeve 6 and the fixing base 5.

[0049] The first slider 30 has a receiving cavity 32 located below the through-hole 31. The diameter of the receiving cavity 32 is larger than that of the through-hole 31. A dustproof sheet 83 is coaxial with the bolt 80 and has the same diameter as the receiving cavity 32. This sheet prevents external dust or impurities from entering the through-hole 31 of the first slider 30 and affecting its sliding. A dustproof rubber ring 7 is also mounted above the dustproof sheet 83 at the bottom of the bolt 80. This covers the gap between the dustproof sheet 83 and the opening of the receiving cavity 32, further strengthening the seal of the through-hole 31.

[0050] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely examples for clarity of explanation and are not intended to limit the implementation methods. Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that other variations or modifications based on the above descriptions are possible. It is not necessary and impossible to enumerate all implementation methods here. Obvious variations or modifications arising therefrom remain within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A shield machine cutter disassembly and assembly system, comprising two C-shaped blocks (10) and a cutter holder (40), wherein the two C-shaped blocks (10) are fixed on opposite sides of the cutter holder (40), a disc cutter (50) is arranged between the two C-shaped blocks (10), and the two C-shaped blocks (10) are respectively located on one side of two radial surfaces of the disc cutter (50), characterized in that: The invention also includes a mechanical claw (20) and two first sliders (30). The two first sliders (30) are respectively connected to the knife seat (40). The two first sliders (30) are also respectively located on one side of the two radial surfaces of the disc-shaped hob (50). The first slider (30) is located on the side of the C-shaped block (10) provided with a notch. The two ends of the knife shaft (501) of the disc-shaped hob (50) are respectively placed in the hollow parts of the two C-shaped blocks (10). The first slider (30) can be locked in the position located in the C-shaped block (10). 0), abutting against the side of the cutter shaft (501) exposed from the notch of the C-shaped block (10), so that the C-shaped block (10) and the first slider (30) jointly fix the cutter shaft (501); when the first slider (30) slides in a direction away from the C-shaped block (10), the mechanical claw (20) can first displace the disc-shaped hob (50) laterally toward the notch side, and then displace the disc-shaped hob (50) upward, thereby disengaging the disc-shaped hob (50) from the cutter seat (40); The first slider (30) is connected to the knife seat (40) by sliding up and down, and the side of the first slider (30) facing the notch of the C-shaped block (10) is an inclined surface, and the diameter of the first slider (30) gradually increases from the upper end to the lower end. The side of the knife shaft (501) facing the first slider (30) is also an inclined surface, and its diameter gradually decreases from the upper end to the lower end, and is aligned with the first slider (30); The invention also includes a driving structure and a guide block (60), wherein the driving structure includes a hexagonal wrench (70), a bolt (80) and a motor (90), wherein the bolt (80) is fixed on the tool holder (40), and the motor (90) is fixed on the mechanical claw (20). The hexagonal wrench (70) and the bolt (80) are vertically coaxially arranged up and down, and the head of the bolt (80) is provided with an inner hexagonal hole (81). The body of the motor (90) is fixed on the mechanical claw (20), and the rotating shaft of the motor (90) is connected to the hexagonal wrench ( The top of the first slider (30) is fixed, the mechanical claw (20) can be raised and lowered, thereby driving the bottom of the hexagonal wrench (70) to extend into or out of the hexagonal hole (81) of the bolt (80), a threaded through hole (31) is provided in the middle of the first slider (30), the rod of the bolt (80) is inserted into the through hole (31), the internal thread of the first slider (30) and the external thread of the bolt (80) can cooperate with each other, the guide block (60) is vertically fixed in the tool holder (40), and the guide block (60) vertically passes through the first slider (30); The invention also includes a second slider (1) and a limit block (2), wherein the second slider (1) is directly fixed to the mechanical claw (20), the limit block (2) is arranged horizontally, and the length extension direction of the limit block (2) is perpendicular to the axial direction of the disc-shaped hob (50), the limit block (2) is provided with a slide groove (21), the second slider (1) can slide in the slide groove (21), the motor (90) and the hexagonal wrench (70) are both fixed to the right end of the second slider (1), and the limit block (2) is provided with a first buckle at intervals. The first buckle group (3) and the second buckle group (4) are provided with a distance from the left end of the limit block (2), the first buckle group (3) and the left side wall of the limit block (2) can limit the second slider (1) to the left side of the limit block (2), the first buckle group (3) and the second buckle group (4) can limit the second slider (1) to the middle part of the limit block (2), and when the second slider (1) is driven to slide, the buckle group can be elastically compressed to release the limit of the second slider (1) by the buckle group; Each buckle group includes two clamping members (430), each of the clamping members (430) includes a coil spring (431) and a clamping finger (432), four receiving grooves (211) are provided in the slide groove (21), one end of each coil spring (431) is fixed to the inner wall of a receiving groove (211), and the other end of each coil spring (431) is fixed to a clamping finger (432), the depth of the receiving groove (211) is equal to or greater than the total length of the coil spring (431) and the clamping finger (432) when the coil spring (431) is compressed to the upper limit, and the clamping finger (432) can be tightly pressed against the side of the second slider (1).

2. A shield machine cutter disassembly and assembly system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A fixing seat (5) is provided on the top of the inner side surface of the knife seat (40), and the side surface of the fixing seat (5) is fixed to the knife seat (40). The fixing seat (5) is provided with a vertical through hole (31). The head of the bolt (80) is externally connected to a fixing sleeve (6) by interference fit. The fixing sleeve (6) includes connecting ears (61) bent horizontally on both sides. The two connecting ears (61) are fixed to the top of the fixing seat (5) by screws.

3. A shield machine cutter disassembly and assembly system according to claim 2, characterized in that: A boss (82) is provided below the head of the bolt (80), and the fixing seat (5) is provided with a stepped hole, wherein the stepped hole comprises a first stepped hole (501) and a second stepped hole (502) arranged above and below, wherein the diameter of the first stepped hole (501) is larger than the diameter of the second stepped hole (502), the head of the bolt (80) is located in the first stepped hole (501), the outer diameter of the boss (82) is larger than the diameter of the second stepped hole (502), the bottom of the boss (82) is placed on the bottom of the first stepped hole (501), and the rod of the bolt (80) is located in the second stepped hole (502).

4. A shield machine cutter disassembly and assembly system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The first slider (30) is provided with a receiving cavity (32) below the through hole (31), the diameter of the receiving cavity (32) is larger than the diameter of the through hole (31), the bottom of the bolt (80) is provided with a dustproof sheet (83) coaxial with the bolt (80), the diameter of the dustproof sheet (83) is equal to the diameter of the receiving cavity (32), and the bottom of the bolt (80) is provided with a dustproof rubber ring (7) above the dustproof sheet (83), and the dustproof rubber ring (7) covers the gap between the dustproof sheet (83) and the opening of the receiving cavity (32).

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