A small self-propelled combined cabbage harvester

Abstract

The present invention discloses a small self-propelled combined cabbage harvester, which includes a vehicle and a cutting assembly mounted on the vehicle. The cutting assembly includes a bracket, a tool assembly, a pulling roller and a pitching drive assembly; the bracket is fixed on the vehicle, the tool assembly is mounted on the bracket, and the tool assembly is used for cutting off the roots of cabbages; the pulling roller is hinged on the bracket, and the pitching drive assembly drives the pulling roller to rotate forward and reverse around the hinge point by a certain angle to realize the pitching action of the pulling roller; by adjusting the pitching angle of the pulling roller through the pitching drive assembly to make it close to the ground, when the pulling roller rotates into the lower part of the outer leaves of the cabbage, the pulling roller continuously rotates outward to apply a vertically upward pulling force to the cabbage to pull out the cabbage together with the rhizome from the land. Compared with the traditional pulling method, the forward force between the pulling roller and the cabbage in the present invention is smaller, and at the same time, the friction between the pulling roller and the cabbage is also smaller, reducing the damage to the cabbage during the harvesting operation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of agricultural machinery, and in particular to a small self-propelled combined cabbage harvester. Background Art

[0002] Cabbage is a vegetable with a thick main stem and leaves that are curled around each other to form a leafy ball. It is a common edible vegetable with high nutritional value and is widely planted worldwide. Currently, the cabbages planted in the fields are neatly arranged in rows, and a harvester can be used for mechanized harvesting. The cabbage harvesters in the prior art are provided with one or more sets of pulling rollers at the front end. The pulling rollers are conical with a thinner front and a thicker rear. Two pulling rollers are aligned on both sides of the roots of the cabbages planted in the land. As the cabbage harvester moves forward, the two conical pulling rollers push forward from both sides of the roots of the cabbages; as Figure 1 shown, during the forward movement of the pulling rollers, the pulling rollers gradually push the cabbages out of the soil by using the shape feature of their thinner front and thicker rear. It can be seen that the direction of the force between the surface of the pulling rollers and the cabbages is not vertically upward, and the main force that acts on the cabbages for pulling is the vertically upward component of the force between the pulling rollers and the cabbages; this structure results in a relatively large direct force between the pulling rollers and the cabbages, increasing the harvesting damage of the cabbages. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is that the force between the pulling rollers and the cabbages of the cabbage harvester in the prior art is relatively large, resulting in an increase in the harvesting damage of the cabbages.

[0004] To solve the above technical problem, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a small self-propelled combined cabbage harvester, including a vehicle and a cutting assembly installed on the vehicle. The cutting assembly includes a bracket, a tool assembly, pulling rollers, and a pitching drive assembly;

[0005] The vehicle can adopt various crawler-type or wheel-type vehicles commonly used in prior art agricultural machinery. The bracket is fixed on the vehicle, and the tool assembly is installed on the bracket. The tool assembly is used to cut off the roots of the cabbages;

[0006] The pulling rollers are hinged on the bracket. The pulling rollers are arranged in groups. Each group of pulling rollers includes two conical pulling rollers. The pitching drive assembly drives the pulling rollers to rotate forward and backward by a certain angle around the hinge point to achieve the pitching action of the pulling rollers; by adjusting the pitching angle of the pulling rollers through the pitching drive assembly to make them close to the ground, when the pulling rollers rotate into the lower part of the outer leaves of the cabbages, the pulling rollers apply a vertically upward pulling force to the cabbages by continuously rotating outwards to pull the cabbages together with the rootstocks out of the land.

[0007] Through the pitching action of the plucking roller, the plucking roller directly applies a vertical upward plucking force to the cabbage. Compared with the traditional plucking method, the positive force between the plucking roller and the cabbage in the present invention is smaller, and the friction between the plucking roller and the cabbage is also smaller, thereby reducing the damage to the cabbage during the harvesting operation.

[0008] In the prior art, in order to facilitate the interaction between the plucking roller and the cabbage, the plucking roller is generally set as a rotating component, and the plucking roller continuously rotates around its own central axis during operation; the plucking roller of the present invention also has a self-rotation function, specifically: the plucking roller is provided with a central rotating shaft, the cutting assembly further includes a roller base and a transmission shaft, and the central rotating shaft is inserted into the roller base; universal joints are provided at both ends of the transmission shaft, and the two universal joints are respectively connected to the drive shaft and the central rotating shaft of the carrier; since the plucking roller of the present invention has a pitching movement, in order to realize transmission, the present invention is configured with a transmission shaft with a universal joint to realize transmission of the drive shaft and the central rotating shaft.

[0009] Specifically, a hinge shaft is provided on the roller base, a square tube is provided at the bottom of the bracket, the hinge shaft is inserted into the square tube, and a gear is fixedly installed on the hinge shaft;

[0010] The pitch drive assembly includes a linear drive and a rack. The rack is engaged with a gear. The linear drive drives the rack to reciprocate. The rack and gear convert the reciprocating motion of the linear drive into the pitching motion of the pulling roller. The linear drive generally adopts a double-acting hydraulic cylinder.

[0011] In the pitch drive assembly of the present invention, if a conventional rack and pinion is used to achieve the pitching motion of the plucking roller, the telescopic rod of the linear actuator must perform a complete reciprocating motion to cause the plucking roller to pitch. This complete reciprocating motion of the telescopic rod of the linear actuator takes a long time, resulting in a long response time for the entire pitch drive assembly. In order to overcome this defect, the rack is U-shaped, and the rack includes a first branch rack and a second branch rack parallel to each other. The first branch rack and the second branch rack are both provided with a straight tooth segment, and the straight tooth segment of the first branch rack and the straight tooth segment of the second branch rack are staggered with each other; the gear is located between the first branch rack and the second branch rack. When the rack translates, the straight tooth segment of the first branch rack and the straight tooth segment of the second branch rack engage with the gear from both sides of the gear in turn. Since the first branch rack and the second branch rack are respectively located on both sides of the gear, if the straight tooth segment of the first branch rack drives the gear to rotate forward, the straight tooth segment of the second branch rack will drive the gear to rotate reversely; this means that the entire rack can achieve forward and reverse rotation of the gear by performing a unidirectional displacement; that is, the entire rack can achieve the pitching action of the pulling roller by performing a unidirectional displacement; this design can improve the response time of the pitching drive component, and in disguise reduce the requirements for the double-acting hydraulic cylinder and its power system.

[0012] Furthermore, the cutting assembly further includes auxiliary wheels. Two legs are provided at the front end of the bracket, and the auxiliary wheels are mounted on the legs. The auxiliary wheels are used to assist in supporting the entire cutting assembly. A photoelectric detector is mounted on the legs. The photoelectric detector is aligned with the walking route of the cabbage above the pulling roller. When the photoelectric detector detects that the cabbage reaches the designated position of the pulling roller, the linear drive drives the rack to perform a forward or return action once. The position of the cabbage can be accurately determined by the photoelectric detector, so as to achieve the technical effect of actively controlling the pulling roller to perform a pitching action to pull the cabbage.

[0013] Furthermore, the cabbage combine harvester further includes a conveying assembly. The conveying assembly includes two groups of driving rollers, and flexible belts are wound around each group of driving rollers. The two flexible belts are connected to the pulling roller, and a cabbage conveying channel is formed between the two flexible belts. After the cabbage is pulled out by the pulling roller, it leaves the pulling roller and enters the cabbage conveying channel between the two flexible belts. The conveying assembly further includes a lifting conveyor belt and a horizontal conveyor belt. The lifting conveyor belt is inclined and its two ends are respectively connected to the cabbage conveying channel between the flexible belts and the horizontal conveyor belt. The flexible belt conveys the cabbage to the lifting conveyor belt, and the lifting conveyor belt conveys the cabbage to the horizontal conveyor belt. Generally, a vegetable storage bucket is placed at the end of the horizontal conveyor belt, and the picked cabbages fall into the vegetable storage bucket.

[0014] Furthermore, the cabbage combine harvester further includes a reel assembly. The reel assembly includes a reel shaft and reel plates. The reel shaft is mounted on the bracket, and the reel plates are mounted on the reel shaft. The reel plates are located above the pulling roller, and the reel shaft drives the reel plates to rotate. The reel plates are located above the cabbages between the pulling rollers. The reel plates are used to assist in pushing the cabbages to move horizontally between the pulling rollers and promote the cabbages to enter the cabbage conveying channel between the flexible belts. At the same time, it also plays a role in controlling the posture of the cabbages to prevent the cabbages from lodging. In the present invention, the rotation speed of the reel shaft is adjusted in real time by the control system of the cabbage combine harvester. The control system adjusts the rotation of the reel shaft according to the detection result of the photoelectric detector to ensure that the rotation timing of the reel plates always matches the position of the cabbages. This active control of the reel plates enables the cabbage combine harvester of the present invention to have good effects even when facing the situation of uneven planting spacing of cabbages.

[0015] The present invention provides a control method for the reel shaft and the reel plates: Two reel plates with symmetrical positions are mounted on the reel shaft. When the photoelectric detector detects the cabbage, the reel shaft rotates 180°. The initial posture of the reel plates is determined according to the installation position of the photoelectric detector and the rotation speed of the reel shaft. The initial posture should ensure that when the cabbage is translated under the reel shaft, the reel plates just rotate to the rear of the cabbage.

[0016] Specifically, the tool assembly includes a blade shaft and a circular blade disc. The blade shaft is installed on the bracket, and the circular blade disc is installed on the blade shaft. The circular blade disc is located under the flexible belt. Generally, the tool assembly should be equipped with two sets of blade shafts and circular blade discs. The two circular blade discs are coplanar and the blades partially overlap. The two circular blade discs rotate together to cut off the roots of the cabbage that moves between the flexible belts.

[0017] Beneficial effects: (1) The small self-propelled cabbage combine harvester of the present invention directly applies a vertical upward pulling force to the cabbage through the pitching action of the plucking roller. Compared with the traditional plucking method, the positive force between the plucking roller and the cabbage is smaller, and the friction between the plucking roller and the cabbage is also smaller, which reduces the damage to the cabbage caused by the harvesting operation. (2) The small self-propelled cabbage combine harvester of the present invention adopts a transmission shaft with a universal joint to realize the transmission between the drive shaft and the plucking roller, which can realize both the rotation of the plucking roller and the pitching action of the plucking roller. (3) The small self-propelled cabbage combine harvester of the present invention adopts a special rack with two branch racks in combination with a gear transmission. The linear drive can realize the pitching action of the plucking roller by performing a one-way linear action, which makes the response time of the pitching drive component shorter. (4) The small self-propelled cabbage combine harvester of the present invention is equipped with a photoelectric detector to detect the cabbage between the plucking rollers, so that the harvester can actively plucking and weeding according to the harvesting situation, and the cabbage harvesting effect is better. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 The present invention is a schematic diagram of the operation of a cabbage harvester pulling roller in the prior art.

[0019] Figure 2 It is a perspective view of the cabbage combine harvester according to Example 1.

[0020] Figure 3 It is a front view of the cabbage combine harvester of Example 1.

[0021] Figure 4 This is a front view of the cabbage combine harvester of Example 1 (square tube hidden).

[0022] Figure 5 It is a three-dimensional view of the square tube, roller base and extraction roller in Example 1.

[0023] Figure 6 This is a front view of the square tube, roller base and extraction roller in Example 1.

[0024] Figure 7 yes Figure 6 AA cross-section diagram.

[0025] Figure 8 This is a front view of the rack in Example 1.

[0026] Figure 9It is a schematic diagram (one) of the movement of the rack in Embodiment 1.

[0027] Figure 10 It is a schematic diagram (two) of the movement of the rack in Embodiment 1.

[0028] Figure 11 It is a perspective view of the tool assembly and the threshing component in Embodiment 1.

[0029] Figure 12 It is a perspective view of the driving roller and the flexible belt in Embodiment 1.

[0030] Figure 13 It is a perspective view of the lifting conveyor belt and the horizontal conveyor belt in Embodiment 1.

[0031] Wherein: 100, vehicle; 200, cutting component; 210, bracket; 211, leg; 212, square tube; 220, tool assembly; 221, tool shaft; 222, circular cutter head; 230, pulling roller; 231, central rotating shaft; 240, pitching drive component; 241, linear driver; 242, rack; 242-1, first branch rack; 242-2, second branch rack; 250, auxiliary wheel; 260, photoelectric detector; 270, roller base; 271, hinge shaft; 272, gear; 280, transmission shaft; 281, universal joint; 300, conveying component; 310, driving roller; 320, flexible belt; 330, lifting conveyor belt; 340, horizontal conveyor belt; 400, threshing component; 410, threshing shaft; 420, threshing board. Detailed implementation manners

[0032] The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the specific implementation manners.

[0033] Embodiment 1

[0034] As Figures 2 to 4 shown, the small self-propelled cabbage combine harvester of this embodiment includes a vehicle 100, a cutting component 200, a conveying component 300 and a threshing component 400.

[0035] The cutting component 200 includes a bracket 210, a tool assembly 220, a pulling roller 230, a pitching drive component 240, an auxiliary wheel 250, a photoelectric detector 260, a roller base 270 and a transmission shaft 280; as Figure 3 and Figure 11 shown, the rear end of the bracket 210 is fixed on the vehicle 100, two legs 211 are arranged at the front end of the bracket 210, the auxiliary wheel 250 is installed on the leg 211, the auxiliary wheel 250 is used to assist in supporting the entire cutting component 200, the photoelectric detector 260 is installed on the leg 211, and the photoelectric detector 260 is aligned with the cabbage walking route above the pulling roller 230.

[0036] As Figures 4 to 7 shown, the pulling rollers 230 are arranged in groups, and each group of pulling rollers 230 includes two conical pulling rollers 230; the pulling roller 230 is provided with a central rotating shaft 231, the central rotating shaft 231 is inserted into the roller base 270, the roller base 270 is provided with a hinge shaft 271, a square tube 212 is arranged at the bottom of the bracket 210, the hinge shaft 271 is inserted into the square tube 212, and a gear 272 is fixedly installed on the hinge shaft 271; universal joints 281 are arranged at both ends of the transmission shaft 280, and the two universal joints 281 are respectively connected to the drive shaft of the vehicle 100 and the central rotating shaft 231.

[0037] As Figure 11 shown, the tool assembly 220 includes a tool shaft 221 and a circular tool disc 222. The tool shaft 221 is installed on the bracket 210, the circular tool disc 222 is installed on the tool shaft 221, and the circular tool disc 222 is located below the flexible belt 320; in this embodiment, the tool assembly 220 is provided with two groups of tool shafts 221 and circular tool discs 222, and the two circular tool discs 222 are coplanar and the cutting edges partially overlap; the two circular tool discs 222 rotate together to cut off the roots of the cabbages moving between the flexible belts 320.

[0038] As Figure 7 shown, the pitching drive assembly 240 includes a linear actuator 241 and a rack 242. The linear actuator 241 can drive the rack 242 to perform reciprocating linear motion. In this embodiment, a double-acting hydraulic cylinder is used as the linear actuator 241; as Figure 8 shown, the rack 242 is U-shaped. The rack 242 includes a first branch rack 242-1 and a first branch rack 242-2 that are parallel to each other. A straight tooth section is arranged on both the first branch rack 242- and the first branch rack 242-2. The straight tooth section of the first branch rack 242-1 and the straight tooth section of the first branch rack 242-2 are offset from each other; the gear 272 is located between the first branch rack 242-1 and the first branch rack 242-2. When the rack 242 translates, the straight tooth section of the first branch rack 242-1 and the straight tooth section of the first branch rack 242-2 sequentially engage with the gear 272 from both sides of the gear 272. Since the first branch rack 242-1 and the first branch rack 242-2 are respectively located on both sides of the gear 272, then, if the straight tooth section of the first branch rack 242-1 drives the gear 272 to rotate forward, the straight tooth section of the first branch rack 242-2 will drive the gear 272 to rotate backward.

[0039] As Figure 12 and Figure 13As shown in the figure, the conveying assembly 300 includes two sets of driving rollers 310, a flexible belt 320, a lifting conveyor belt 330, and a horizontal conveyor belt 340. The flexible belt 320 is wound around each set of driving rollers 310. The two flexible belts 320 are connected to the pulling roller 230. A cabbage conveying channel is formed between the two flexible belts 320. After the cabbage is pulled out by the pulling roller 230, it leaves the pulling roller 230 and enters the cabbage conveying channel between the two flexible belts 320. The lifting conveyor belt 330 is inclined and its two ends are respectively connected to the cabbage conveying channel between the flexible belts 320 and the horizontal conveyor belt 340. The flexible belt 320 conveys the cabbage to the lifting conveyor belt 330, and the lifting conveyor belt 330 conveys the cabbage to the horizontal conveyor belt 340. Generally, a vegetable storage bucket is placed at the end of the horizontal conveyor belt 340, and the picked cabbage falls into the vegetable storage bucket.

[0040] As Figure 11 shown, the reel assembly 400 includes a reel shaft 410 and reel plates 420. The reel shaft 410 is installed on the bracket 210, and the reel plates 420 are installed on the reel shaft 410. The reel plates 420 are located above the pulling roller 230, and the reel shaft 410 drives the reel plates 420 to rotate. The reel plates 420 are located above the cabbages between the pulling rollers 230. The reel plates 420 are used to assist in pushing the cabbages to move horizontally between the pulling rollers 230 and to facilitate the cabbages to enter the cabbage conveying channel between the flexible belts 320. At the same time, they also play a role in controlling the posture of the cabbages to prevent the cabbages from lodging.

[0041] The small self-propelled cabbage combine harvester of this embodiment is mainly used for mechanized harvesting of cabbages. The specific working principle is as follows:

[0042] (1) As Figure 1 shown, the carrier 100 drives the entire cabbage combine harvester to move forward along the neatly arranged cabbages in the field;

[0043] (2) As Figure 5 and Figure 12 shown, the two pulling rollers 230 are inserted from both sides of the cabbage; As Figure 4 shown, when the cabbage reaches the position where the photoelectric detector 260 is located, the control system of the harvester starts the linear actuator 241 as Figure 7 shown to drive the rack 242 to perform a forward or return movement once; As Figure 9 shown, the straight tooth section of the first branch rack 242-1 first drives the pulling roller 230 to rotate counterclockwise, realizing the upward tilting movement of the pulling roller 230. During this process, the cabbage supported between the two pulling rollers 230 will be pulled out; Subsequently, as Figure 10 shown, the straight tooth section of the first branch rack 242-2 drives the pulling roller 230 to rotate clockwise, causing the pulling roller 230 to tilt downward and reset again;

[0044] (3) While the photoelectric detector 260 detects the cabbage, the control system of the harvester activates the reel shaft 410, and then the reel plates 420 deflect the pulled-out cabbage into the cabbage conveying channel between the two flexible belts 320 as shown in Figure After the cabbage enters the flexible belts 320, the rotating circular cutter disc 222 cuts off the roots of the cabbage;

[0045] (4) The flexible belts 320 rotate continuously to convey the cabbage to the lifting conveyor belt 330 as shown in ​ The lifting conveyor belt 330 conveys the cabbage to the horizontal conveyor belt 340, and the horizontal conveyor belt 340 conveys the cabbage to the vegetable storage bucket, completing the cabbage harvesting operation.

[0046] Although the embodiments of the present invention are described in the specification, these embodiments are only for reference and should not limit the protection scope of the present invention. All omissions, substitutions, and changes made within the scope not departing from the gist of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A small self-propelled cabbage combine harvester, comprising a vehicle and a cutting assembly mounted on the vehicle, characterized in that: The cutting assembly includes a bracket, a tool assembly, extraction rollers, and a pitching drive assembly; The bracket is fixed on the vehicle, and the tool assembly is installed on the bracket. The tool assembly is used to cut off the roots of the cabbages; The extraction rollers are arranged in groups. Each group of extraction rollers includes two conical extraction rollers. The extraction rollers are hinged on the bracket and can be driven to rotate around their own central axes; Two legs are provided at the front end of the bracket. Photoelectric detectors are installed on the legs, and the photoelectric detectors are aligned with the cabbage walking route above the extraction rollers; When the photoelectric detector detects that the cabbage reaches the designated position of the extraction rollers, the pitching drive assembly drives the extraction rollers to rotate counterclockwise around the hinge point, realizing the upward pitching action of the extraction rollers. During this process, the cabbages sandwiched between the two extraction rollers are pulled out; Subsequently, the pitching drive assembly drives the extraction rollers to rotate clockwise around the hinge point, causing the extraction rollers to return to the downward position again.

2. The small self-propelled combined cabbage harvester according to claim 1, wherein: The extraction rollers are provided with central rotating shafts. The cutting assembly further includes a roller base and a transmission shaft. The central rotating shaft is inserted into the roller base; universal joints are provided at both ends of the transmission shaft, and the two universal joints are respectively connected to the drive shaft of the vehicle and the central rotating shaft.

3. The small self-propelled cabbage combine harvester according to claim 2, wherein: A hinge shaft is provided on the roller base, and a square tube is provided at the bottom of the bracket. The hinge shaft is inserted into the square tube, and a gear is fixedly installed on the hinge shaft; The pitching drive assembly includes a linear driver and a rack. The rack meshes with the gear, and the linear driver drives the rack to move back and forth.

4. The small self-propelled cabbage combine harvester according to claim 3, characterized in that: The rack is U-shaped. The rack includes a first branch rack and a second branch rack that are parallel to each other. A straight tooth section is provided on both the first branch rack and the second branch rack. The straight tooth sections of the first branch rack and the second branch rack are offset from each other; the gear is located between the first branch rack and the second branch rack. When the rack moves horizontally, the straight tooth sections of the first branch rack and the second branch rack sequentially mesh with the gear from both sides of the gear.

5. The small self-propelled combined cabbage harvester according to claim 4, characterized in that: The cutting assembly further includes auxiliary wheels, and the auxiliary wheels are installed on the legs.

6. The small self-propelled combined cabbage harvester according to claim 4, characterized in that: When the photoelectric detector detects that the cabbage reaches the designated position of the extraction rollers, the linear driver drives the rack to perform a forward or return movement once.

7. The small self-propelled combined cabbage harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that: It further includes a conveying assembly. The conveying assembly includes two groups of driving rollers. Flexible belts are wound around each group of driving rollers. The two flexible belts are connected to the extraction rollers, and a cabbage conveying channel is formed between the two flexible belts.

8. The small self-propelled cabbage combine harvester according to claim 7, characterized in that: The conveying assembly further includes a lifting conveyor belt and a horizontal conveyor belt. The lifting conveyor belt is inclined and is connected to the cabbage conveying channel between the flexible belts and the horizontal conveyor belt at both ends respectively.

9. The small self-propelled cabbage combine harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that: It further includes a weeding assembly. The weeding assembly includes a weeding shaft and weeding plates. The weeding shaft is installed on the bracket, the weeding plates are installed on the weeding shaft, the weeding plates are located above the extraction rollers, and the weeding shaft drives the weeding plates to rotate.

10. The small self-propelled cabbage combine harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tool assembly includes a tool shaft and a circular cutter head. The tool shaft is installed on the bracket, the circular cutter head is installed on the tool shaft, and the circular cutter head is located below the flexible belt.

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