A flood control embankment adapted to the breeding habits of multiple target fish and its operation method

Abstract

A flood embankment and an operating method adapted to the breeding habits of multiple target fish species include flood embankments arranged on both sides of a river channel, with channels arranged at intervals inside the flood embankment on each side, the channels being perpendicular to the long direction of the flood embankment and running transversely through the flood embankment; a cover plate is provided at one end of the channel close to the river channel, the cover plate being arranged along the slope direction of the flood embankment; a plurality of square notches are provided on the cover plate, and a sinking box is provided at the square notch; a rotating plate is installed inside the sinking box via a first rotating shaft; different fish spawning matrices are provided on both sides of the rotating plate; a flat gate is slidably provided inside the cover plate, and the flat gate can be opened and closed along the slope direction of the flood embankment to block or open the square notch. Different fish spawning matrices are provided on both sides of the rotating plate, and can be specifically matched and combined according to the spawning habits of fish in the local waters, thereby avoiding the problem of mixing multiple spawning matrices and reducing the fish breeding efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of water conservancy and hydropower ecological protection, and in particular to a flood control embankment adapted to the breeding habits of multiple target fish and an operation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Due to the need for power generation or reservoir regulation, the water level in the reservoir area of ​​a hydropower project typically fluctuates regularly, forming a regular drawdown zone within the reservoir area and a periodic water level fluctuation zone in river sections with flood control requirements (for example, the water level in the reservoir area of ​​the Three Gorges Dam on the Yangtze River fluctuates between 145m and 175m). In traditional hydraulic engineering design, reservoir flood protection embankments are mainly divided into hard revetments, frame turf revetments, vegetated retaining walls, eco-bag revetments, natural stone revetments, and reinforced macadam mat slope protection. These are primarily considered from the perspectives of flood control, water retention, soil and water conservation, and landscape.

[0003] From an ecological perspective, fish species within reservoirs exhibit diverse spawning and reproduction habits. For example, schizothorax, white-armored mullet, perch, mullet, and scads prefer to spawn in crevices between pebbles and gravels, impacted by rapid currents. Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, channel catfish, and croaker prefer to dig nests in muddy bottoms. Carp and crucian carp prefer to spawn on aquatic plants like sticky grasses. Fluctuations in the drawdown zone of the reservoir alter the stable water level fluctuations of natural aquatic habitats, and consequently, alter the spawning conditions for fish in these fluctuating zones. This creates obstacles for fish spawning and reproduction, impacting the balance of fish resources within the reservoir.

[0004] Prior art, such as patent application publication number CN116219945A, discloses a multi-layered ecological flood embankment for a reservoir area. The flood embankment comprises a trough and a rotating plate. A drive mechanism rotates the rotating plate to a certain angle, creating a multi-ecological structure with ecological units on the waterfront forming spawning and breeding spaces, and resting and sheltering spaces on the backside of the rotating plate. However, the ecological units on the rotating plate of this ecological flood embankment are prefabricated structures, with a spawning matrix composed of a mixture of soil, aquatic plants, and pebbles. This mixed spawning matrix reduces reproductive conditions, as aquatic plants occupy and reduce the space available for attachment to the pebbles, reducing the reproductive efficiency of fish that prefer spawning on pebbles. Furthermore, the rotating plate has a limited range of rotation, generally within 30 degrees. This small range makes it difficult to achieve a wide range of rotation between the spawning matrix of the ecological units on the front and the shelter space formed by logs on the back, thus limiting the space available for fish to spawn or shelter. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The main purpose of the present invention is to propose a flood control embankment and operation method that adapts to the breeding habits of multiple target fish, which can provide differentiated needs according to water conditions and fish spawning needs, and provide functionally zoned spawning and breeding sites for fish with different spawning habits during the spawning period.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, on the one hand, the present invention proposes a flood embankment that adapts to the breeding habits of multiple target fish, including flood embankments arranged on both sides of a river channel, with channels arranged at intervals inside the flood embankment on each side, the channels being perpendicular to the long direction of the flood embankment, and the channels passing through the flood embankment transversely; a cover plate is provided at one end of the channel close to the river channel, and the cover plate is provided along the slope direction of the flood embankment; a plurality of square notches are provided on the cover plate, and a sinking box is provided at the square notch; a rotating plate is installed inside the sinking box through a first rotating shaft; different fish spawning matrices are respectively provided on both sides of the rotating plate; a flat gate is slidably provided inside the cover plate, and the flat gate can be opened and closed along the slope direction of the flood embankment, for blocking or opening the square notch.

[0007] Preferably, the flood embankment on each side is composed of a first structural segment and a second structural segment arranged in an alternating manner, the channel is arranged in the first structural segment, and the end of the channel away from the river channel is set as an open structure to form a ventilation structure; the first structural segment is a reinforced concrete structure, and the second structural segment is an earth embankment structure; the channel is arranged in the first structural segment.

[0008] Preferably, vertical tracks are provided on both sides of the sinking box, and both ends of the first rotating shaft are slidably installed in the tracks; a lifting drive device is provided inside the sinking box to drive the rotating plate together with the first rotating shaft to rise or fall.

[0009] Preferably, the first rotating shaft is fixedly connected to the rotating plate, and one end of the first rotating shaft extends out of the side wall of the sinking box and is connected to a rotating drive device for driving the first rotating shaft and driving the rotating plate to rotate.

[0010] Preferably, a drainage pipe is provided on the sinking box.

[0011] Preferably, an openable and closable waterproof plate is provided at the bottom of the sinking box.

[0012] Preferably, the waterproof plate is rotatably mounted on the bottom edge of the sinking box via a second rotating shaft.

[0013] Preferably, fasteners are provided on the waterproof plate, and the waterproof plate is fastened to the edge of the sinking box via the fasteners.

[0014] Preferably, the fish spawning matrix includes a gravel matrix, a muddy matrix, or an aquatic plant matrix.

[0015] Preferably, the multiple square notches on the cover plate are arranged along the slope direction of the flood embankment.

[0016] On the other hand, the present invention also provides an operating method of a flood embankment adapted to the breeding habits of multiple target fish, comprising:

[0017] S1: a gravel matrix is ​​arranged on one side of the rotating plate, and an aquatic plant matrix is ​​arranged on the other side;

[0018] S2: When the flood is approaching and the water volume is large, the flat gate is moved horizontally out of the cover plate. The flat gate blocks the square gap on the cover plate and covers and seals the internal space of the sinking box, forming a flood control structure composed of the flat gate and the cover plate.

[0019] S3: When the flood season turns to the spawning season for fish that like to lay eggs in the cracks between pebbles and gravels, the rotating plate rotates around the axis of the first rotating shaft under the drive of the rotating drive device, turning over the side of the pebble matrix to face the water surface, and the waterproof plate is rotated around the second rotating shaft to close it. The fasteners are fastened to the edge of the sinking box to fix them together; the flat gate is retracted into the inner cavity of the cover plate; and the rotating plate is driven by the lifting drive device to rise along the track to the top of the sinking box;

[0020] S4: When the fish that like to lay eggs on the sticky grass are spawning, the flat gate is moved horizontally out of the cover plate to block the square gap; the lifting drive device drives the rotating plate to descend along the track to the bottom of the sinking box, and the rotating drive device drives the first rotating shaft to rotate, thereby driving the rotating plate to rotate, turning the side with the aquatic plant matrix to face the water surface, retracting the flat gate into the interior of the cover plate, and then controlling the rotating plate to rise along the track to the top of the sinking box;

[0021] S5: When workers enter the channel to repair or maintain the spawning matrix or other structural components, they move the flat gate out of the cover plate to cover and seal the square gap, and use the drain pipe to drain the water inside the sinking box; the lifting drive device drives the rotating plate down along the track to the bottom of the sinking box; the fastener is unhooked from the edge of the sinking box, and the waterproof plate rotates around the second rotating shaft to open, providing operating space for workers;

[0022] S6: When the fish spawning period turns into the flooding period, the flat gate is moved horizontally out from the cover plate, and the flat gate covers and seals the square gap; the rotating plate is lowered to the bottom of the sinking box.

[0023] Due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0024] (1) The ecological flood embankment provided by the present invention shapes the ecological pattern of the flood embankment with differentiated needs and functional zoning. Specifically, by sliding a flat gate inside the cover plate, the flat gate moves out of the cover plate to block the closed square gap and then close the sinking box, forming a conventional flood embankment structure during the flood season; during the fish spawning period, the flat gate is moved back into the inner cavity of the cover plate, and the corresponding fish-suitable spawning matrix on the rotating plate is exposed to the water body, providing a suitable habitat for fish spawning, thereby shaping the flood embankment structure that meets the differentiated needs of flood control and ecology in different periods. Different fish spawning matrices are set on both sides of the rotating plate, and can be targeted and combined according to the spawning habits of fish in local waters. The specific spawning matrix can be selected and regulated by rotating the rotating plate around the first rotating axis, ensuring that the spawning matrix on each rotating plate is specifically adapted to the reproduction of a certain type of fish with spawning habits, improving the suitability and accuracy of fish spawning and reproduction conditions, and avoiding the problem of mixing multiple spawning matrices and reducing fish reproduction efficiency, thereby shaping a new ecological pattern of functional zoning on the flood embankment surface.

[0025] (2) The ecological flood control levee of the present invention provides a control space and method with flexible structure and easy operation. Specifically, the rotating plate can rotate around the first rotating axis to control the spawning matrix combination, and the rotation amplitude can be achieved within a 360-degree spatial range, which is more flexible in structure. By setting up a channel to form an empty nest structure, a channel is provided for maintenance personnel and equipment to enter. During the maintenance and maintenance period, the flat gate is moved horizontally out of the cover plate, and the flat gate blocks the square gap on the cover plate, thereby covering and sealing the internal space of the sinking box. The staff can enter the channel to repair and maintain the sinking box and the rotating plate inside it, as well as the fish spawning matrix on the rotating plate. The channel provides an operating space for the staff, which is more portable and safe in operation. The entire process is not affected by the incoming water and can be carried out during flood control and fish spawning periods.

[0026] (3) In the present invention, the waterproof plate is installed by rotating through the second rotating shaft, and the waterproof plate is fastened to the sinking box by using fasteners. When repairing and maintaining, the fasteners are unhooked from the sinking box, and the waterproof plate is opened to maintain the rotating plate inside the sinking box. The operation is simple and convenient. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0028] Figure 1 A top view of the overall structure of the ecological flood embankment provided by the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 It is a structural side view of the flood levee in the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the flat gate in the present invention in a closed state (flood season or maintenance period);

[0031] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the flat gate in the present invention in an open state;

[0032] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the rotating plate rotating to a horizontal state in the present invention;

[0033] Figure 6 In the present invention, the back side of the rotating plate rotates to the water-facing end state (fish spawning period);

[0034] Figure 7 A front view of the channel of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the assembly relationship of the sinking box, cover plate, rotating plate, waterproof plate, and flat gate in the present invention;

[0036] Figure 9 A schematic diagram of the waterproof plate in the present invention in an open state;

[0037] Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the waterproof board in the present invention in a closed state.

[0038] Explanation of the accompanying numbers: 1. Flood control dike; 2. First structural section; 3. Second structural section; 4. Flat gate; 5. River channel; 6. Rotating plate; 7. Aquatic plant matrix; 8. Gravel matrix; 9. First rotating shaft; 10. Track; 11. Cover plate; 12. Second rotating shaft; 13. Waterproof board; 14. Fastener; 15. Drain pipe; 16. Passageway; 17. Sinking box. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0040] It should be noted that all directional indications in the embodiments of the present invention (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.) are only used to explain the relative position relationship, movement status, etc. between the various components under a certain specific posture (as shown in the accompanying drawings). If the specific posture changes, the directional indication will also change accordingly.

[0041] In addition, the descriptions of "first", "second", etc. in the present invention are for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of such features. In addition, the technical solutions between the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but this must be based on the fact that they can be implemented by ordinary technicians in this field. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be deemed that such combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection required by the present invention.

[0042] As shown in the accompanying drawings, a flood embankment adapted to the breeding habits of multiple target fish includes flood embankments 1 arranged on both sides of a river channel 5, and channels 16 are arranged at intervals inside the flood embankment 1 on each side, the channels 16 are perpendicular to the long direction of the flood embankment 1, and the channels 16 pass through the flood embankment 1 horizontally; a cover plate 11 is provided at one end of the channel 6 close to the river channel 5, and the cover plate 11 is arranged along the slope direction of the flood embankment 1; a plurality of square notches are provided on the cover plate 11, and a sinking box 17 is provided at the square notch, and the mouth of the sinking box 17 is sealed with the cover plate 11 to prevent water leakage; a rotating plate 6 is installed inside the sinking box 17 through a first rotating shaft 9; different fish spawning matrices are respectively arranged on both sides of the rotating plate 6; a flat gate 4 is slidably arranged inside the cover plate 11, and the flat gate 4 can be opened and closed along the slope direction of the flood embankment 1, for sealing or opening the square notch. When the flat gate 4 is opened, the fish spawning matrix on the rotating plate 6 is exposed, providing suitable spawning conditions for fish with corresponding spawning habits. In this embodiment, the fish spawning matrix includes a pebble matrix 8, a mud matrix, or an aquatic plant matrix 7. Specifically, for example, an aquatic plant matrix 7 suitable for carp and crucian carp, which prefer to spawn in sticky grass, can be set on one side of the rotating plate 6, while a pebble matrix 8 suitable for spawning under the impact of the pebble cracks can be set on the other side. Alternatively, a mud matrix suitable for burrowing and nesting in muddy bottoms can be set. The specific combination can be targeted according to the spawning and breeding habits of fish in the local waters.

[0043] The passage 16 is primarily used for maintenance and repair. Workers can access the passage 16 to repair the rotating plate inside the sinking box 17 and maintain the various fish spawning substrates on both sides of the rotating plate 6. The end of the passage 16, away from the river channel 5, is open to provide ventilation, providing air for the plants in the aquatic plant substrate 7. Lights can also be installed within the passage to provide illumination for the growth of the aquatic plants.

[0044] In this embodiment, the flat gate 4 is constructed of steel, and its strength has been tested to ensure it can withstand flooding. When the flat gate 4 is open, it retracts into the inner cavity of the cover plate 11. When closed, it moves horizontally out of the inner cavity of the cover plate 11, sealing the square gap.

[0045] In this embodiment, the flood embankment 1 on each side is constructed by staggered arrangements of first and second structural segments 2, 3. The channel 16 is disposed within the first structural segment 2, with the end of the channel 16 facing away from the river channel 5 being open, forming a ventilated structure. The first structural segment 2 is a reinforced concrete structure, while the second structural segment 3 is an earthen embankment structure. The channel 16 is disposed within the first structural segment 2. To ensure the strength of the first structural segment 2 where the channel 16 is located, the first structural segment 2 is a reinforced concrete structure, while the second structural segment 3 is a conventional earthen embankment structure, effectively reducing the construction cost of the flood embankment 1.

[0046] Vertical tracks 10 are provided on both sides of the sunken box 17, and both ends of the first rotating shaft 9 are slidably mounted within the tracks 10. A lifting drive is provided within the sunken box 17 to drive the rotating plate 6 and the first rotating shaft 9 upward or downward. The lifting drive can be a hydraulic rod or other conventional structure and will not be described in detail here. The rotating plate 6 and the first rotating shaft 9 rise along the tracks 10, allowing the rotating plate 6 to rise to the top of the sunken box 17 and emerge from the water, providing a suitable space for fish spawning and reproduction.

[0047] In this embodiment, the first rotating shaft 9 is fixedly connected to the rotating plate 6. One end of the first rotating shaft 9 extends outside the side wall of the sinking box 17 and is connected to a rotation drive device, which drives the first rotating shaft 9 and, in turn, the rotating plate 6. The rotation drive device can be a motor structure, etc., which is a relatively common drive structure and will not be described in detail here. The rotation of the egg-laying substrates on the two different sides of the rotating plate 6 is achieved by rotating the first rotating shaft 9, allowing for rotation within a 360-degree spatial range.

[0048] Combine Figure 9 As shown, a drain pipe 15 is provided on the sinking box 17. When the rotating plate 6 inside the sinking box 17 needs to be repaired or the fish spawning matrix on the rotating plate 6 needs to be maintained, the flat gate 4 is closed and the water inside the sinking box 17 is drained through the drain pipe 15 to facilitate repair and maintenance work. At the same time, the drain pipe 15 can remove accumulated water inside the sinking box 17 to prevent water accumulation and blockage inside the sinking box 17.

[0049] Combine Figures 8 to 10As shown, a waterproof plate 13 that can be opened and closed is provided at the bottom of the sinking box 17. When the waterproof plate 13 is closed, the waterproof plate 13 and the sinking box 17 are in a sealed state. Specifically, the waterproof plate 13 is rotatably installed on the bottom edge of the sinking box 17 via the second rotating shaft 12. A fastener 14 is provided on the waterproof plate 13, and the waterproof plate 13 is fastened to the edge of the sinking box 17 via the fastener 14. The waterproof plate 13 can be rotated and opened and closed around the second rotating shaft 12. The fastener 14 is fastened to the sinking box 17 and fixed to each other, so that the waterproof plate 13 can be closed; the fastener 14 can also be unhooked from the upper end point of the sinking box 17 to achieve the opening of the waterproof plate 13. When repairing the rotating plate 6 inside the sinking box 17 and maintaining the fish spawning matrix on the rotating plate 6, the repair and maintenance operations can be performed by opening the waterproof plate 13.

[0050] Combine Figure 2 As shown, a plurality of square notches on the cover plate 11 are arranged along the slope direction of the flood embankment 1. With this arrangement, the positions of the square notches can be reasonably set according to the water level, thereby determining the position of the sinking box 17.

[0051] This embodiment also provides a method for operating a flood embankment adapted to the breeding habits of multiple target fish species, comprising:

[0052] S1: a gravel matrix 8 is arranged on one side of the rotating plate 6, and an aquatic plant matrix 7 is arranged on the other side.

[0053] S2: When the water volume is large and a flood is approaching, the flat gate 4 is moved horizontally out of the cover plate 11. The flat gate 4 blocks the square gap on the cover plate 11 and covers and closes the internal space of the sinking box 17, forming a flood control structure composed of the flat gate 4 and the cover plate 11. At this time, the flood control embankment 1 performs the flood control function.

[0054] S3: When the flood period turns into the spawning period of fish that like to lay eggs in the cracks of pebbles and gravels, the rotating plate 6 rotates around the axis of the first rotating shaft 9 under the drive of the rotating drive device, flips one side of the pebble matrix 8 to face the water surface, rotates the waterproof plate 13 around the second rotating shaft 12 to close it, and the fastener 14 is buckled with the edge of the sinking box 17 so that the two are fixed to each other; the flat gate 4 is retracted into the inner cavity of the cover plate 11; the rotating plate 6 rises along the track 10 to the top of the sinking box 17 under the drive of the lifting drive device; at this time, the waterproof plate 13 isolates the sinking box 17 from the channel 16 to prevent water from seeping into the interior of the channel 16, and the side of the rotating plate 6 with the pebble matrix 8 faces the water surface, providing suitable attachment conditions for spawning for fish with corresponding spawning habits.

[0055] S4: When the fish that like to lay eggs on aquatic plants are spawning, the flat gate 4 is moved horizontally out of the cover plate 11 to block the square gap. The lifting drive device drives the rotating plate 6 to descend along the track 10 to the bottom of the sinking box 17. The rotating drive device drives the first rotating shaft 9 to rotate, thereby driving the rotating plate 6 to rotate, turning the side with the aquatic plant substrate 7 to face the water surface. The flat gate 4 is retracted into the interior of the cover plate 11, and the rotating plate 6 is then controlled to rise along the track 10 to the top of the sinking box 17. At this time, the side of the rotating plate 6 with the aquatic plant substrate 7 faces the water surface, providing suitable attachment conditions for fish with corresponding spawning habits to lay eggs.

[0056] S5: When the staff enters the channel 16 to repair and maintain the egg-laying matrix or other structural components, the flat gate 4 is moved horizontally out of the cover plate 11, and the flat gate 4 covers and seals the square gap, and the water inside the sinking box 17 is discharged by the drain pipe 15; the rotating plate 16 is driven by the lifting drive device to descend along the track 10 to the bottom of the sinking box 17; the fastener 14 is unhooked from the edge of the sinking box 17, and the waterproof plate 13 rotates around the second rotating shaft 12 to open, providing operating space for the staff.

[0057] S6: When the spawning period turns into the flooding period, the flat gate 4 is moved horizontally out of the cover plate 11 to cover and seal the square gap; the rotating plate 6 is lowered to the bottom of the sinking box 17. At this time, the flood control embankment 1 can perform flood control functions while the staff can also carry out routine maintenance and upkeep on the spawning matrix and other structural components.

[0058] In addition, in S1, the spawning substrates on both sides of the rotating plate 6 can also be set as a gravel substrate 8 and a mud substrate, or as an aquatic plant substrate 7 and a mud substrate, and the spawning substrate can also be controlled according to the above-mentioned operating steps.

[0059] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structural transformation made by using the contents of the present invention specification and drawings under the inventive concept of the present invention, or directly / indirectly applied in other related technical fields, is included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A flood embankment adapted to the breeding habits of multiple target fish, comprising a flood embankment (1) arranged on both sides of a river channel (5), characterized in that: Channels (16) are arranged at intervals inside the flood embankment (1) on each side, wherein the channels (16) are perpendicular to the long direction of the flood embankment (1), and the channels (16) pass through the flood embankment (1) transversely; A cover plate (11) is provided at one end of the channel (16) close to the river channel (5), and the cover plate (11) is provided along the slope direction of the flood embankment (1); a plurality of square notches are provided on the cover plate (11), and sinking boxes (17) are provided at the square notches; A rotating plate (6) is installed inside the sinking box (17) via a first rotating shaft (9); different fish spawning matrices are respectively provided on both sides of the rotating plate (6); A flat gate (4) is slidably provided inside the cover plate (11), and the flat gate (4) can be opened and closed along the slope direction of the flood embankment (1) to seal or open the square gap; Vertical tracks (10) are provided on both sides of the sinking box (17), and both ends of the first rotating shaft (9) are slidably mounted in the tracks (10); a lifting drive device is provided inside the sinking box (17) for driving the rotating plate (6) and the first rotating shaft (9) to rise or fall.

2. A flood embankment adapted to the breeding habits of multiple target fish species as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The flood embankment (1) on each side is formed by staggered arrangement of a first structural section (2) and a second structural section (3); the channel (16) is arranged in the first structural section (2); and the end of the channel (16) away from the river channel (5) is arranged as an open structure to form a ventilation structure; the first structural section (2) is a reinforced concrete structure, and the second structural section (3) is an earth embankment structure.

3. The flood embankment adapted to the breeding habits of multiple target fish species according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first rotating shaft (9) is fixedly connected to the rotating plate (6), and one end of the first rotating shaft (9) extends out of the side wall of the sinking box (17) and is connected to a rotating drive device for driving the first rotating shaft (9) and driving the rotating plate (6) to rotate.

4. The flood embankment adapted to the breeding habits of multiple target fish species according to claim 1, characterized in that: A drainage pipe (15) is provided on the sinking box (17).

5. A flood embankment adapted to the breeding habits of multiple target fish species as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: An openable and closable waterproof plate (13) is provided at the bottom of the sinking box (17).

6. A flood embankment adapted to the breeding habits of multiple target fish species as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: The waterproof plate (13) is rotatably mounted on the bottom edge of the sinking box (17) via a second rotating shaft (12).

7. A flood embankment adapted to the breeding habits of multiple target fish species as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: A fastener (14) is provided on the waterproof plate (13), and the waterproof plate (13) is fastened to the edge of the sinking box (17) via the fastener (14).

8. The flood embankment adapted to the breeding habits of multiple target fish species as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The plurality of square notches on the cover plate (11) are arranged in an array along the slope direction of the flood embankment (1).

9. A method for operating a flood embankment adapted to the breeding habits of multiple target fish species as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: include: S1: a gravel matrix (8) is provided on one side of the rotating plate (6), and an aquatic plant matrix (7) is provided on the other side; S2: When the flood is approaching and the water volume is large, the flat gate (4) is moved horizontally out of the cover plate (11), the flat gate (4) blocks the square gap on the cover plate (11), and covers and seals the internal space of the sinking box (17), forming a flood control structure composed of the flat gate (4) and the cover plate (11); S3: When the flood period turns into the spawning period of fish that like to spawn in the cracks between pebbles and gravels, the rotating plate (6) rotates around the axis of the first rotating shaft (9) under the drive of the rotating drive device, and turns over one side of the pebble matrix (8) to face the water surface, and the waterproof plate (13) is rotated and closed around the second rotating shaft (12), and the fastener (14) is fastened to the edge of the sinking box (17) so that the two are fixed to each other; the flat gate (4) is retracted into the inner cavity of the cover plate (11); the rotating plate (6) rises along the track (10) to the top of the sinking box (17) under the drive of the lifting drive device; S4: When the fish that like to lay eggs on the aquatic plants of sticky grass are in the spawning period, the flat gate (4) is moved horizontally out of the cover plate (11), and the flat gate (4) blocks the square gap; the rotating plate (6) is driven by the lifting drive device to descend along the track (10) to the bottom of the sinking box (17); the first rotating shaft (9) is driven by the rotating drive device to rotate and then the rotating plate (6) is driven to rotate, and the side with the aquatic plant matrix (7) is turned over to face the water surface, the flat gate (4) is retracted into the inside of the cover plate (11), and the rotating plate (6) is controlled to rise along the track (10) to the top of the sinking box (17); S5: When the staff enters the channel (16) to repair or maintain the spawning matrix or other structural components, the flat gate (4) is moved horizontally out of the cover plate (11), the flat gate (4) covers and blocks the square gap, and the water inside the sinking box (17) is drained by the drain pipe (15); the rotating plate (6) is driven by the lifting drive device to descend along the track (10) to the bottom of the sinking box (17); the fastener (14) is unhooked from the edge of the sinking box (17), and the waterproof plate (13) rotates around the second rotating shaft (12) to open, providing an operating space for the staff; S6: When the fish spawning period turns into the flooding period, the flat gate (4) is moved out from the cover plate (11) so that the flat gate (4) covers and blocks the square gap; the rotating plate (6) is lowered to the bottom of the sinking box (17).

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