A system and method for direct air carbon capture coupled with microalgae carbon fixation through humidification adsorption.
By combining a variable humidification adsorption direct air carbon capture system with microalgae carbon fixation, the high energy consumption and high cost problems of direct air carbon capture technology have been solved, achieving efficient carbon capture and high-value material production while reducing operating costs.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2023-07-31
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-13
AI Technical Summary
Existing direct air carbon capture technologies face challenges such as high energy consumption, high cost, poor adsorbent stability, and difficulties in carbon dioxide utilization, making commercialization difficult.
A variable humidification adsorption direct air carbon capture system is adopted, combined with microalgae carbon fixation. The carbon adsorption material is efficiently regenerated through a circulating vibrating fluidized bed and an alkaline spray tank, generating bicarbonate for microalgae cultivation and producing high-value substances.
It improves carbon capture efficiency, reduces system operating costs, and enhances economic benefits by generating high-value products through microalgae carbon fixation.
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Figure CN116889790B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This application relates to the field of carbon dioxide reuse technology, and in particular to a system and method for direct air carbon capture coupled with microalgae carbon fixation through variable humidification adsorption. Background Technology
[0002] Controlling global average surface temperature relies to some extent on carbon dioxide removal or negative emission technologies. CO2 capture, utilization, and storage are crucial means of reducing atmospheric CO2 concentrations and thus mitigating the greenhouse effect. Direct air carbon capture (DAC) technology can directly remove carbon dioxide from the air, permanently converting or storing it, thereby achieving carbon removal and serving as a fundamental technological guarantee for achieving the goals of "carbon neutrality and carbon peaking."
[0003] While DAC technology has developed rapidly in recent years, its widespread commercialization is hampered by high operating costs, high energy consumption, low efficiency of capture materials, and high costs and low returns from post-capture storage and utilization. The primary challenge facing DAC technology is the energy consumption issue of carbon capture at low concentrations. The CO2 partial pressure of only 40 Pa in air limits methods such as low-temperature separation and membrane separation. While solution absorption, temperature-switching adsorption, and humidification adsorption are well-suited to low CO2 partial pressures, solution absorption suffers from high regeneration temperatures, high energy consumption, and reliance on oxygen-enriched natural gas combustion for high regeneration heat. Temperature-switching adsorption is characterized by long cycles, high investment, high energy consumption, and short adsorbent lifespan. Humidification adsorption, on the other hand, offers advantages such as low adsorbent regeneration energy consumption, no need for a heat source, and low operating costs, making it a promising application method. Another major technical challenge currently facing DAC technology is the poor stability of adsorbent materials, poor tolerance to complex environments, and high cost of preparing high-performance adsorbents. Meanwhile, one of the main factors limiting the commercialization of DAC technology is the challenge of further utilizing the captured carbon dioxide. Currently, almost all captured carbon dioxide is stored deep underground or in specialized geological storage sites, which makes the entire carbon capture process costly and unprofitable.
[0004] Currently, there is no complete process for adsorbent modification, adsorption system transformation, carbon dioxide utilization, and high-value substance production in related technologies. Therefore, how to provide a system that takes into account both CO2 capture and utilization, enhances the carbon capture performance of adsorbents, improves carbon capture efficiency, produces high-value substances, increases profits, and reduces the operating cost of the system is a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention
[0005] This application aims to at least partially address one of the technical problems in the related art.
[0006] Therefore, the purpose of this application is to propose a variable humidification adsorption direct air carbon capture coupled with microalgae carbon fixation system and method. The variable humidification adsorption direct air carbon capture coupled with microalgae carbon fixation system in this embodiment enhances the carbon capture performance of carbon adsorption materials and improves carbon capture efficiency. Furthermore, the combined production of high-value substances from the captured CO2 with microalgae increases the overall system yield. In addition, this system and method add carbon adsorption material separation and regeneration processes, improve the recycling rate of carbon adsorption materials, and reduce the operating cost of the system. This system has practical significance and good application prospects.
[0007] According to the first aspect of this application, a humidified adsorption direct air carbon capture coupled with microalgae carbon fixation system is proposed, comprising:
[0008] A direct air carbon capture assembly includes a carbon adsorption assembly and a carbon desorption assembly. The carbon adsorption assembly includes a circulating vibrating fluidized bed, into which carbon adsorbent material enters to capture CO2 from the passing air. The carbon desorption assembly includes an alkaline spray tank containing desorption alkaline solution, connected to the outlet of the circulating vibrating fluidized bed. The saturated carbon adsorbent material is desorbed and regenerated using the desorption alkaline solution and then returned to the carbon adsorption assembly. The desorption alkaline solution adsorbs CO2 to generate bicarbonate.
[0009] A microalgae carbon fixation component includes a microalgae cultivation tank connected to the carbon desorption component, wherein the bicarbonate output from the carbon desorption component is introduced into the microalgae cultivation tank and utilized by the microalgae therein through photodynamic bio-enrichment.
[0010] In some embodiments, at least one optical transmission rotating element is provided in the microalgae cultivation tank, the extension direction of which is the same as the height direction of the microalgae cultivation tank. The optical transmission rotating element can rotate along its central axis and is provided with an optical transmission element inside it for dispersing the incident light to the lower part of the microalgae cultivation tank.
[0011] In some embodiments, a stirring paddle is disposed outside the optical transmission rotating member, and the stirring paddle rotates along with the optical transmission rotating member when it rotates.
[0012] In some embodiments, the carbon adsorption assembly further includes a gas-solid separator connected to the circulating vibrating fluidized bed, which separates the carbon adsorption material output from the circulating vibrating fluidized bed from the air therein; the separated carbon adsorption material is then introduced into the alkaline spray tank.
[0013] In some embodiments, an air supply component is also included, which is connected to the carbon adsorption component to dry and purify air before supplying it to the carbon adsorption component.
[0014] In some embodiments, the gas supply assembly includes an air dryer, an air filter, and a pump connected in sequence according to the gas flow direction.
[0015] In some embodiments, the carbon desorption assembly further includes a drying and recovery unit connected to the alkaline spray tank, wherein the carbon adsorbent material eluted in the alkaline spray tank is physically dehydrated, dried and regenerated, and the dried carbon adsorbent material is conveyed to the circulating vibrating fluidized bed.
[0016] In some embodiments, the drying and recycling unit includes a rotary centrifuge, an oven, and a cooling and regeneration unit connected in sequence; wherein the inlet of the rotary centrifuge is connected to the alkaline spray tank, its solid outlet is connected to the oven, and its liquid outlet is connected to the microalgae cultivation tank; and the outlet of the cooling and regeneration unit is connected to the circulating vibrating fluidized bed.
[0017] In some embodiments, the carbon adsorbent is a resin-type adsorbent.
[0018] According to a second aspect of this application, a method for carbon fixation by direct air carbon capture coupled with microalgae adsorption through variable humidification is proposed. This method uses the system described in any of the above embodiments for carbon fixation and includes the following process:
[0019] Air passes through the carbon adsorption material on the circulating vibrating fluidized bed, where CO2 is adsorbed. The carbon adsorption material and air then separate at the outlet of the circulating vibrating fluidized bed. The carbon adsorption material enters an alkaline spray tank for desorption and regeneration using desorption alkaline spray, and then flows back to the carbon adsorption module for recapturing CO2 from the air. The desorption alkaline solution adsorbs CO2 to generate bicarbonate, which enters the microalgae carbon fixation module and is utilized by the microalgae for photo-energy bio-utilization, generating high-value products.
[0020] Additional aspects and advantages of this application will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of this application. Attached Figure Description
[0021] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of this application will become apparent and readily understood from the following description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a humidified adsorption direct air carbon capture coupled with microalgae carbon fixation system proposed in one embodiment of this application;
[0023] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a light transmission rotating component according to an embodiment of this application;
[0024] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a light transmission rotating component according to another embodiment of this application;
[0025] Figure 4This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a humidified adsorption direct air carbon capture coupled with microalgae carbon fixation system proposed in one embodiment of this application;
[0026] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a humidified adsorption direct air carbon capture coupled with microalgae carbon fixation system proposed in another embodiment of this application;
[0027] In the diagram: 1. Circulating vibrating fluidized bed; 2. Feed inlet; 3. Discharge outlet; 4. Feeding tank; 5. Air dryer; 6. Air filter; 7. Pump; 8. Gas flow meter; 9. First control valve; 10. Carbon adsorbent material; 11. Cyclone separator; 12. Silencer; 13. Circulating collection device; 14. Adsorbent collection tank; 15. Alkali spray tank; 16. Solution collection tank; 17. Liquid flow meter; 18. Second control valve; 19. Microalgae cultivation tank; 20. Rotary centrifuge; 21. Oven; 22. Cooling and regeneration device; 23. Optical transmission rotating component; 24. Agitator. Detailed Implementation
[0028] The embodiments of this application are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain this application, and should not be construed as limiting this application. Rather, the embodiments of this application include all variations, modifications, and equivalents falling within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
[0029] Examples of this application are described in detail below, with examples shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The examples described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain this application, and should not be construed as limiting this application.
[0030] like Figure 1 As shown, according to the first aspect of this application, a variable humidification adsorption direct air carbon capture coupled with microalgae carbon fixation system is proposed, comprising: a direct air carbon capture component and a microalgae carbon fixation component; wherein the direct air carbon capture component includes a carbon adsorption component and a carbon desorption component; the carbon adsorption component is provided with a circulating vibrating fluidized bed 1, wherein the carbon adsorption material 10 enters the circulating vibrating fluidized bed 1 to capture CO2 in the passing air; the carbon desorption component includes an alkaline spray tank 15 containing desorption alkaline solution, which is connected to the outlet of the circulating vibrating fluidized bed 1, and the adsorption-saturated carbon adsorption material 10 is desorbed and regenerated by the desorption alkaline solution and then returned to the carbon adsorption component; the desorption alkaline solution adsorbs CO2 to generate bicarbonate.
[0031] In other words, the direct air carbon capture assembly includes a carbon adsorption assembly and a carbon desorption assembly. The carbon adsorption assembly includes a circulating vibrating fluidized bed 1, which is filled with carbon adsorption material 10 for adsorbing CO2 gas in the air. When air is introduced into the circulating vibrating fluidized bed 1, the carbon adsorption material 10 and the air tumble and move along the extension direction of the circulating vibrating fluidized bed 1 to make full contact. The carbon adsorption material 10 increases the contact area with the air, which is beneficial for the rapid adsorption of CO2 gas in the air. The example circulating vibrating fluidized bed 1 is provided with an air inlet for introducing air, an inlet 2 for replenishing and receiving carbon adsorbent 10, an outlet 3 for discharging the saturated carbon adsorbent 10, and an air outlet for discharging air. The carbon adsorbent 10 is a resin-type adsorbent. In addition, to further enhance the carbon capture performance and improve the carbon capture efficiency of the carbon adsorbent 10, the pore structure of the resin-type molded adsorbent can be changed by a foaming porous granulation process to increase its specific surface area, thereby obtaining a modified porous adsorbent. The modified porous adsorbent is stored in a feeding tank 4, which is connected to the inlet 2 of the circulating vibrating fluidized bed 1. The adsorbent enters the circulating vibrating fluidized bed 1 through the inlet 2. During this process, according to the required amount of carbon adsorbent 10, mechanical vibration can be used to help it fluidize and enter the circulating vibrating fluidized bed 1. After the carbon adsorbent 10 enters, air enters through the air inlet. The air carries the carbon adsorbent 10 and rolls along the circulating vibrating fluidized bed 1. After the adsorption of CO2 gas in the air is completed, the air is discharged through the air outlet. The adsorbed carbon adsorbent 10 enters the carbon desorption component through the discharge port 3.
[0032] The carbon desorption assembly in this embodiment includes an alkaline spray tank 15, which contains a desorption alkaline solution and spray elements. The desorption alkaline solution is extracted and then sprayed by the spray elements. The inlet of the alkaline spray tank 15 is connected to the outlet of the circulating vibrating fluidized bed 1 (i.e., the aforementioned discharge port 3). Saturated carbon adsorbent material 10 is input, and the carbon adsorbent material 10 is washed with the desorption alkaline solution to dissolve the CO2 gas within the carbon adsorbent material 10, thus completing the desorption of CO2 gas and the recovery of the carbon adsorbent material 10. In this embodiment, the desorption alkaline solution is a solution of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, etc., which can chemically neutralize CO2 gas to generate bicarbonate.
[0033] Examples such as Figure 5As shown, the outlet 3 of the circulating vibrating fluidized bed 1 is connected to the adsorbent collection tank 14, and the outlet of the adsorbent collection tank 14 is connected to the alkaline spray tank 15. The alkaline spray tank 15 contains a sodium hydroxide solution. The saturated carbon adsorbent material 10 is output to the alkaline spray tank 15. After being sprayed and washed with sodium hydroxide solution, the ambient humidity is changed by spraying to achieve wet adsorption and generate bicarbonate. In addition, in some embodiments, the gas outlet of the circulating vibrating fluidized bed 1 is connected to a gas-solid separator, such as a cyclone separator 11, which separates the carbon adsorbent material 10 output from the circulating vibrating fluidized bed 1 from the air therein. The separated carbon adsorbent material 10 is passed through the circulation collection device 13 and then back into the adsorbent collection tank 14. The remaining gas is discharged into the atmosphere after passing through the silencer 12.
[0034] The microalgae carbon fixation component includes a microalgae cultivation tank 19 connected to a carbon desorption component. The bicarbonate output from the carbon desorption component enters the microalgae cultivation tank 19, where it is utilized by the photodynamic organisms of the microalgae. The microalgae carbon fixation component includes the microalgae cultivation tank 19, which is connected to an alkaline spray tank 15. A solution collection tank 16, a liquid flow meter 17, and a second control valve 18 are respectively installed upstream and downstream of the connecting pipeline. The bicarbonate enters the solution collection tank 16 and then flows into the microalgae cultivation tank 19 through a pipeline equipped with the liquid flow meter 17 and the control valve. The bicarbonate flow rate can be flexibly adjusted according to the scale of microalgae cultivation and demand.
[0035] Therefore, this application enhances the carbon capture performance of the carbon adsorbent material 10 by setting up a circulating vibrating fluidized bed 1, thereby improving the carbon capture efficiency. The captured CO2 gas is then desorbed by spraying with a desorption alkaline solution. This process, while achieving elution of the carbon adsorbent material 10, converts the CO2 gas into bicarbonate, which is more easily absorbed by microalgae. This significantly improves the microalgae growth rate and carbon fixation efficiency. The collected algal liquid and powder are then processed into high-value substances such as health products, cosmetics, fish and shrimp feed, and biodiesel, increasing the overall system profitability. Furthermore, the regeneration and recycling of the carbon adsorbent material 10 after desorbing CO2 gas enhances the separation and regeneration process, improving the recycling rate of the carbon adsorbent material 10 and reducing the system's operating costs. This system has practical significance and promising application prospects.
[0036] In some embodiments, at least one light transmission rotating element 23 is provided in the microalgae cultivation pond 19, the extension direction of which is the same as the height direction of the microalgae cultivation pond 19. The light transmission rotating element 23 can rotate along its central axis and is provided with a light transmission element inside it for dispersing the incident light to the lower part of the microalgae cultivation pond 19.
[0037] In order to achieve low-cost conversion and desorption of CO2 gas, CO2 gas is converted into bicarbonate, which is more easily absorbed by microalgae. Microalgae are in microalgae cultivation pond 19. The low-cost microalgae cultivation pond 19 is a well structure dug from the ground or a water pool structure with a certain strength built of building materials. During the microalgae cultivation process, microalgae generally float on the water surface. In order to increase the growth of microalgae and enable microalgae to grow in microalgae cultivation pond 19, multiple light transmission rotating components 23 extending along the height direction of microalgae cultivation pond 19 can be set in microalgae cultivation pond 19 to disperse the light entering the surface of microalgae cultivation pond 19 to the lower part of microalgae cultivation pond 19.
[0038] For example, such as Figure 2 The light-transmitting rotating component 23 shown is a shell with a transparent cylindrical structure, which can rotate around its own central axis. A light-transmitting component, such as a prism, is disposed inside the shell. The prisms are spaced apart in the vertical direction to disperse the light incident on the surface of the microalgae cultivation tank 19 to the lower part of the microalgae cultivation tank 19. Furthermore, in some embodiments, a stirring paddle 24 is disposed outside the light-transmitting rotating component 23. Figure 3 As shown, the stirring paddle 24 rotates along with the optical transmission rotating component 23, and can stir the nutrient solution and other substances in the microalgae cultivation tank 19 through the stirring paddle 24.
[0039] In some embodiments, an air supply assembly is also included, which is connected to the carbon adsorption assembly to dry and purify the air before supplying it to the carbon adsorption assembly. An example air supply assembly includes an air dryer 5, an air filter 6, and a pump 7 connected sequentially according to the gas flow direction. After moisture and impurities are removed by the air dryer 5 and air filter 6, the air enters the circulating vibrating fluidized bed 1 through a pipe equipped with a gas flow meter 8 and a first control valve 9 via the pump 7. The air flow rate can be flexibly adjusted according to the unit size and air demand.
[0040] In some embodiments, the carbon desorption assembly further includes a drying and recovery unit connected to an alkaline spray tank 15, in which the carbon adsorbent material 10 eluted in the alkaline spray tank 15 is physically dehydrated, dried and regenerated, and the dried carbon adsorbent material 10 is fed to a circulating vibrating fluidized bed 1.
[0041] Examples such as Figure 4As shown, the drying and recovery unit includes a rotary centrifuge 20, an oven 21, and a cooling and regeneration device 22 connected in sequence. The inlet of the rotary centrifuge 20 is connected to an alkaline spray tank 15, its solid outlet is connected to the oven 21, and its liquid outlet is connected to a microalgae cultivation tank 19. The outlet of the cooling and regeneration device 22 is connected to a circulating vibrating fluidized bed 1. The adsorbent collection tank 14 and the carbon adsorbent material 10 after reaction in the alkaline spray tank 15 are fed into the rotary centrifuge 20 to achieve solid-liquid separation. The separated liquid enters a solution collection tank 16. The collected carbon adsorbent material 10 is washed multiple times by centrifugation with water and ethanol and then sent to the oven 21. After drying, the adsorbent enters the cooling and regeneration device 22 and is then fed into the feeding tank 4, realizing the recycling of the carbon adsorbent material 10 and thus reducing costs.
[0042] According to a second aspect of this application, a method for carbon fixation by direct air carbon capture coupled with microalgae adsorption through variable humidification is proposed. This method uses the system described in any of the above embodiments for carbon fixation and includes the following process:
[0043] Air passes through the carbon adsorption material 10 on the circulating vibrating fluidized bed 1, where CO2 is adsorbed. The carbon adsorption material 10 and air are separated after exiting the outlet of the circulating vibrating fluidized bed 1. The carbon adsorption material 10 enters the alkaline spray tank 15 for desorption and regeneration by desorption alkaline spray, and then flows back to the carbon adsorption module for recapture of CO2 in the air. The desorption alkaline adsorbs CO2 to generate bicarbonate, which enters the microalgae carbon fixation module and is utilized by the microalgae in the module to generate high-value products.
[0044] It should be noted that in the description of this application, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. Furthermore, in the description of this application, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.
[0045] Any process or method described in the flowchart or otherwise herein can be understood as representing a module, segment, or portion of code comprising one or more executable instructions for implementing a particular logical function or process, and the scope of the preferred embodiments of this application includes additional implementations in which functions may be performed not in the order shown or discussed, including substantially simultaneously or in reverse order depending on the function involved, as will be understood by those skilled in the art to which embodiments of this application pertain.
[0046] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.
[0047] Although embodiments of this application have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting this application. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of this application.
Claims
1. A system for carbon capture by wetted adsorption direct air carbon capture coupled with microalgal carbon sequestration, characterized in that, The system comprises: a direct air carbon capture assembly comprising a carbon adsorption assembly and a carbon desorption assembly; the carbon adsorption assembly is provided with a circulating vibration fluidized bed, wherein carbon adsorption material enters the circulating vibration fluidized bed to capture CO2 in passing air; the carbon desorption assembly comprises an alkali liquid spraying pool containing desorption alkali liquid, which is connected with the outlet of the circulating vibration fluidized bed, and the carbon adsorption material saturated with adsorption is backflowed into the carbon adsorption assembly after being regenerated by spraying desorption alkali liquid; the desorption alkali liquid absorbs CO2 to generate bicarbonate; a microalgae carbon fixation assembly comprising a microalgae cultivation pool connected with the carbon desorption assembly, wherein the bicarbonate output by the carbon desorption assembly is utilized by microalgae photo energy organisms in the microalgae cultivation pool; the microalgae cultivation pool is provided with at least one light transmission rotating member, the extension direction of which is the same as the height direction of the microalgae cultivation pool; the light transmission rotating member can rotate along the central axis thereof, and comprises a shell and a light transmission member arranged inside the shell, the light transmission member being used for dispersing incident light to the lower part of the microalgae cultivation pool; the outside of the light transmission rotating member is provided with stirring paddles, which rotate with the light transmission rotating member.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein, The carbon adsorption assembly further comprises a gas-solid separation member connected with the circulating vibration fluidized bed, which separates the carbon adsorption material and air in the circulating vibration fluidized bed; the separated carbon adsorption material is input into the alkali liquid spraying pool.
3. The system of claim 1 or 2, wherein, The system further comprises a gas supply assembly connected with the carbon adsorption assembly, which supplies air dried and purified to the carbon adsorption assembly.
4. The system of claim 3, wherein, The gas supply assembly comprises an air dryer, an air filter and a pump member connected in sequence according to the gas flow direction.
5. The system of claim 1, wherein, The carbon desorption assembly further comprises a drying recovery member connected with the alkali liquid spraying pool, in which the carbon adsorption material washed out in the alkali liquid spraying pool is physically dehydrated, dried and regenerated, and the dried carbon adsorption material is input into the circulating vibration fluidized bed.
6. The system of claim 5, wherein, The drying recovery member comprises a rotating centrifugal device, an oven and a cooling regeneration device connected in sequence; the inlet of the rotating centrifugal device is connected with the alkali liquid spraying pool, the solid outlet is connected with the oven, and the liquid outlet is connected with the microalgae cultivation pool; the outlet of the cooling regeneration device is connected with the circulating vibration fluidized bed.
7. The system of claim 1, wherein, The carbon adsorption material is a resin type adsorbent.
8. A method of carbon capture by microalgae coupled with carbon capture from air by a direct air carbon capture with moisture swing adsorption, characterized in that, The method for carbon fixation is performed by using the system of any one of claims 1-7, and comprises the following processes: air passes through the carbon adsorption material on the circulating vibration fluidized bed, wherein CO2 in the air is adsorbed, the carbon adsorption material is separated from the air output from the outlet of the circulating vibration fluidized bed, the carbon adsorption material is backflowed into the carbon adsorption assembly after being regenerated by spraying desorption alkali liquid in the alkali liquid spraying pool to capture CO2 in the air again, and the desorption alkali liquid absorbs CO2 to generate bicarbonate, which is utilized by microalgae photo energy organisms in the microalgae carbon fixation assembly to generate high value products.
Citation Information
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