A method and system for monitoring growth of a rose plant

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of Chinese rose plant growth monitoring method, comprising: obtaining the stem flow standard value and water use efficiency standard value of a Chinese rose variety;Obtain the stem flow measured value and water use efficiency measured value of the Chinese rose variety;When water use efficiency standard value is not greater than water use efficiency measured value, keep the existing number of vegetative branch;When water use efficiency standard value is greater than water use efficiency measured value, further compare stem flow standard value and stem flow measured value, and when stem flow standard value is less than stem flow measured value, increase the number of vegetative branch is used by technical measures, when stem flow standard value is greater than stem flow measured value, the number of vegetative branch is reduced by technical measures. By uploading real-time information to database, combined with Chinese rose plant growth model simulation analysis result and Chinese rose plant whole growth rule, the number of vegetative branch is reduced and supplemented, and then the number of Chinese rose plant vegetative branch is increased or reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of plant cut flower cultivation and management technology, and in particular to a method and system for monitoring the growth of rose plants. Background Technology

[0002] Cut roses are a high-yield agricultural crop with great market potential and strong demand. Bending of the rose bush is a significant factor affecting its quality. Therefore, in cultivating cut rose bushes, it is crucial to manage the bend rate through proper nutrition, light, and water control.

[0003] In modern cut rose cultivation, the horizontal or drooping vegetative branches, after being layered, play a crucial role in producing and transporting nutrients to the upright cut rose branches. The quantity and growth of these vegetative branches are of great significance in improving the yield and quality of cut roses and achieving high production. Yunnan Province, located in the low-latitude plateau region of southwest China, possesses unique climatic resources. Currently, Yunnan ranks first in the country in terms of cut rose production scale, with over 200 varieties cultivated, including but not limited to: single-headed and multi-headed cut rose plants, high-branch and dwarf cut rose plants, high-yielding and low-yielding cut rose plants, large-leaf and small-leaf cut rose plants, etc. The yield and quality of cut flowers determine the economic benefits of cut rose cultivation. Too many nutrient branches will consume a lot of water and fertilizer and create a closed and poorly ventilated environment. Too few nutrient branches will not be able to produce and provide enough nutrients to meet the growth needs of upright branches. Moreover, the suitable nutrient branches vary greatly among different cut rose varieties.

[0004] Chinese Patent Publication No. CN103238442B provides a method for efficiently cultivating nutrient branches in cut rose plants. The method includes cultivating rose cuttings, growing and pruning primary branches, sprouting secondary branches at the pruning points of primary branches, growing and pruning secondary branches, and after the secondary branches mature, twisting the primary branch 3-4 cm from the base to damage the internal structure of the branch without damaging the bark or breaking the branch. The twisted part of the branch will naturally bend and droop due to lack of support. The twisted part will be treated with a preventive agent to allow the plant to grow until new buds sprout from the base of the primary branch, thus obtaining nutrient branches.

[0005] However, the number of vegetative branches and the effective leaf area are in a dynamic process that changes with growth and pest and disease conditions. Current management of vegetative branch layering and pruning in rose plants is based on experience, relying solely on the plant's external phenotype without any digital basis or method to measure the correlation between vegetative branches and cut flower production. Therefore, exploring precise methods for monitoring vegetative branches is an urgent task and a crucial measure for developing green and efficient cut rose production to maximize economic benefits.

[0006] Based on this, the present invention provides a rose plant growth monitoring system.

[0007] Furthermore, on the one hand, there are differences in understanding among those skilled in the art; on the other hand, the applicant studied a large number of documents and patents when making this invention, but due to space limitations, not all details and contents were listed in detail. However, this does not mean that the present invention does not possess the features of these prior art. On the contrary, the present invention already possesses all the features of the prior art, and the applicant reserves the right to add relevant prior art to the background art. Summary of the Invention

[0008] Compared to existing methods for monitoring rose plant growth that are still widely used, the advancement of digital information interaction devices is gradually leading to more intelligent rose cultivation and management. In the cultivation and management of roses used for cut flowers, the monitoring of internal water and transpiration is shifting from indirect methods such as soil moisture, air humidity, and light exposure to direct monitoring of changes in the plant's internal water content. Utilizing new technologies to directly monitor water changes in cut rose plants and guide production, such as measuring stem flow and water potential, provides precise guidance for the management of branch layering and pruning of cut rose vegetative branches. This approach of using plant physiological parameters as management indicators to regulate plant growth represents the future direction of crop cultivation and management.

[0009] In existing technologies, there are few research schemes exploring the relationship between vegetative branches and upright branches in roses, and even fewer studies directly linking the quantitative balance between vegetative and upright branches to the growth status of roses. This application, based on the correlation between the quantitative balance between vegetative and upright branches and two growth indicators of rose plants, and through relevant experimental records, confirms a model formula for calculating water use efficiency and provides a detection method for determining the growth status of rose plants (or whether upright branches are affected by vegetative branches). This application discloses a monitoring method for determining the number of vegetative branches in roses.

[0010] Water management is crucial for roses, as both excessive and insufficient watering can inhibit their growth and development. Different growth stages, seasons, and soil types significantly impact the water requirements of roses. In actual rose production and cultivation, water use efficiency (WUE) has a vital influence on nutrient absorption and reproductive growth. Water use efficiency is the plant's ability to utilize water to produce dry matter; high WUE indicates healthy and balanced plant growth, resulting in high-quality cut flowers. To determine the correlation between nutrient branches and cut flower quality in cut roses, this application introduces the concept of water use efficiency (WUE, kg m³). -3 Water use efficiency = biological yield (dry matter) / transpiration, and transpiration is directly proportional to the number of vegetative branches, that is, more vegetative branches result in greater transpiration; conversely, fewer vegetative branches result in less transpiration.

[0011] Water use efficiency refers to the mass of dry matter produced by a unit mass of water consumed by crop evapotranspiration in the field, expressed in kg / m³. -3 It reflects the energy conversion efficiency in the rose production process, is an indicator for measuring the relationship between rose yield and water consumption, and is also one of the comprehensive indicators for evaluating the suitability of rose growth under water deficit conditions.

[0012] Dry matter growth rate reflects the speed and status of rose growth and development, and is an important indicator for evaluating the production potential of rose flower weight. Dry matter growth rate reflects the nutritional status of roses, and understanding it allows for precise fertilization and irrigation to achieve better production efficiency.

[0013] A higher dry matter growth rate of roses indicates a better current growth status and also suggests that the ratio of upright branches to vegetative branches is appropriate.

[0014] When the upper limit of nutrient branches is not reached, yield and quality are directly proportional to the number of nutrient branches.

[0015] This invention provides a method for monitoring the growth of rose plants, comprising the following steps: obtaining a standard value for stem flow rate and a standard value for water use efficiency of a rose variety; obtaining a measured value for stem flow rate and a measured value for water use efficiency of the rose variety; comparing the standard value for water use efficiency and the measured value for water use efficiency: when the standard value for water use efficiency is not greater than the measured value for water use efficiency, maintaining the existing number of nutrient branches; when the standard value for water use efficiency is greater than the measured value for water use efficiency, further comparing the standard value for stem flow rate and the measured value for stem flow rate, and when the standard value for stem flow rate is less than the measured value for stem flow rate, adopting a technical measure to increase the number of nutrient branches, and when the standard value for stem flow rate is greater than the measured value for stem flow rate, adopting a technical measure to reduce the number of nutrient branches.

[0016] The technique for increasing the number of vegetative branches is to press upright branches downwards to turn them into vegetative branches. Preferably, the number of vegetative branches is increased by pressing down one upright branch at a time.

[0017] Preferably, the technique for reducing the number of nutrient branches is to prune some of the leaves of the nutrient branches, or to remove the entire nutrient branch. Preferably, the number of nutrient branches reduced at one time is one.

[0018] Preferably, the standard value of stem flow rate can be 130-140 cm³ / h. -1 stem -1 Preferably, the standard value for stem flow rate is 140 cm³ / h. -1 stem -1 Preferably, the standard value for stem flow rate is 130 cm³ / h. -1 stem -1Preferably, the standard value for stem flow rate is 135 cm³ / h. -1 stem -1 .

[0019] Preferably, the WUE standard value is 0.56 kg m -3 .

[0020] The beneficial effects of this technical solution are:

[0021] In existing technologies, the growth detection of rose plants mainly relies on human experience, or on plant detection systems to directly detect soil moisture and ambient temperature to indirectly infer the growth status of rose plants.

[0022] However, this indirect detection method is highly susceptible to environmental factors. For example, when the rose plant's water use efficiency decreases, even with high soil moisture, the rose plant's growth curve will still show a downward trend. Or, even if the ambient temperature is suitable, it may not be possible to determine whether the rose plant is growing normally.

[0023] Based on this, this application uses the detection of stem flow and stem diameter of rose plants and then uses a rose plant growth model to confirm whether its water use efficiency is within the normal range, thereby confirming whether the growth status of the rose plant is normal.

[0024] Water use efficiency is an indicator that directly reflects whether a plant's water absorption and metabolic rate are normal. This application, based on extensive experimental data, provides a rose plant growth model suitable for calculating rose plant water use efficiency. This model allows operators to obtain real-time rose plant water use efficiency and compare it with standard rose plant water use efficiency to determine whether the current rose plant growth status is normal.

[0025] When rose plants exhibit abnormal growth, stem flow can be used to further assess their nutrient absorption status, thus differentiating whether the abnormal growth is caused by an excessive number of nutrient branches or a lack of nutrients. Stem flow in rose plants is positively correlated with the number of nutrient branches.

[0026] Water use efficiency represents a plant's ability to synthesize dry matter from water. Therefore, by calculating the water use efficiency of rose plants, the dry matter synthesis capacity of roses can be confirmed in real time, thus determining the growth status of the roses.

[0027] This application prioritizes the detection of water use efficiency in rose plants. When the water use efficiency falls below a set threshold, it indicates an abnormal growth status in the rose plant. Based on this, by monitoring stem flow in the rose plant, operators can further determine whether the number of vegetative branches is a major factor affecting the growth of the rose plant.

[0028] The growth detection method involved in this technical solution can monitor the growth status of rose plants in real time and accurately.

[0029] According to a preferred embodiment, the method for determining the daily transpiration of the rose plant is as follows:

[0030] Obtain the stem diameter, stem flow, and number of branches of the rose plant;

[0031] The daily transpiration of the rose plant was determined based on the stem diameter, stem flow, and number of branches.

[0032] According to a preferred embodiment, the water use efficiency of cut rose plants in the rose plant growth model during the growing season is directly proportional to the number of nutrient branches and inversely proportional to the daily transpiration of the rose plant.

[0033] According to a preferred embodiment, when the standard value of water use efficiency is greater than the measured value of water use efficiency, the collection frequency of the measured value of water use efficiency is increased from the original first frequency to a second frequency, until the collected standard value of water use efficiency is no greater than the measured value of water use efficiency, at which point the collection frequency of the measured value of water use efficiency is reduced from the second frequency to the first frequency. Preferably, the first frequency is once every 30 days, and the second frequency is once every 10 days.

[0034] The beneficial effects of this technical solution are:

[0035] When a plant's growth is abnormal, the frequency of monitoring its growth needs to be increased. Monitoring results help operators clearly understand the effectiveness of their actions when pruning or performing other growth-promoting procedures on the rose bush. For example, if only one nutrient branch is pruned at a time, and the stem flow rate is still higher than the standard range after pruning, another nutrient branch needs to be pruned to quickly adjust the rose bush's growth status.

[0036] According to a preferred embodiment, the rose plant growth model includes:

[0037]

[0038] Where WUE is water use efficiency, the unit is kg m³ -3 dw / dt represents the daily growth rate of aboveground dry matter, in gm³. -2 d -1 K is the nutrient branch coefficient, which is 2n-1, where n is the number of nutrient branches per cut rose bush; DTr represents the transpiration rate of a single cut rose bush, calculated as SV×3.14×(D / 2). 2 The unit is mm h -1 SV represents the stem flow of a rose plant, measured in cm / h.-1 stem -1 D is the stem diameter at the first 7-leaf node of the upright branch of the rose plant, in cm; t is the number of days from the start of pruning in a cut rose growing stubble.

[0039] In this invention, the transpiration rate of cut roses per unit area is calculated using the following integral formula:

[0040]

[0041] Where DTr′ is the real-time DTr from time point t1 to time point t2, and ND is the density of upright branches of the rose plant, in stem m. -2 By comparing the daily growth rate of above-ground dry matter of actual rose plants with the daily growth rate of above-ground dry matter of rose plants under standard conditions, it is possible to determine whether the current growth of the rose plants is normal.

[0042] The beneficial effects of this technical solution are:

[0043] 1. Precision operation

[0044] Compared to existing technologies that rely on human experience to determine pruning and cultivation methods for rose plants, this technical solution can predict the growth status of rose plants in a rose plant growth model based on the transpiration rate of the rose plants. It can promptly correct incorrect cultivation and pruning methods for rose plants, increase the precision of operation steps, and thus achieve the goal of increasing the quantity of cut roses.

[0045] 2. Improved accuracy of detection data

[0046] Compared to existing technologies that indirectly obtain plant transpiration by collecting data such as soil moisture, air humidity, and light, this technical solution directly obtains plant transpiration without damaging or affecting the growth of rose plants. This allows for the determination of the current and future growth status of rose plants. Compared to existing technologies, this technical solution collects more accurate data and reduces the steps involved in converting transpiration.

[0047] 3. Develop breeding methods aimed at increasing yield.

[0048] In existing technologies, limited by human experience, the methods for cultivating rose plants often aim to cultivate rose plants in better growth condition, which differs from the purpose of factory-grown cut roses. The purpose of factory-grown rose plants is to obtain higher quality and greater quantity of cut roses, but the rose plants in the best growth condition are not necessarily the ones that produce higher quality and greater quantity of cut roses (for example, a rose plant with abundant vegetative branches may not produce flowers that meet sales standards on every branch due to competition for nutrients).

[0049] 4. Determine the pruning plan for the rose plants based on their growth time and condition.

[0050] The rose plant growth model provided in this application can determine the number of nutrient branches of the rose plant that need to be pruned or retained to achieve the optimal growth state of the rose plant based on the growth time of the rose plant and the detected daily transpiration of the rose plant.

[0051] During the growth of rose plants, the number of branches is neither better the fewer nor the more. The ideal ratio is between upright branches and vegetative branches. This ideal ratio means the rose plant can provide sufficient photosynthesis for the upright branches while ensuring the nutrients absorbed from the soil meet their growth needs. If there are too few vegetative branches, the limited leaf area of ​​the upright branches will prevent sufficient photosynthesis for their reproductive growth. Conversely, too many vegetative branches will compete for nutrients with the upright branches, leading to poor development. Therefore, in actual rose cultivation, staff need to select the number of vegetative branches to retain based on experience and observation, and prune any excess branches.

[0052] 5. Selective monitoring of dry matter and water use efficiency

[0053] The dry matter of rose plants is a direct result of the plant's water utilization. Changes in its weight can visually indicate whether the rose is growing vigorously, and the dry matter of rose plants is easy to measure.

[0054] This application calculates the real-time standard dry matter weight of roses using a rose model and compares it with the dry matter weight calculated from rose plants harvested from the field, thus confirming whether the growth status of the rose plants meets the requirements.

[0055] This technical solution continuously adjusts the growth trend of rose plants based on a rose plant growth model, thereby achieving the goal of obtaining higher quality and greater quantity of cut roses.

[0056] According to a preferred embodiment, the full-cycle growth pattern of rose plants refers to the process from the sprouting of young buds at the base of the plant, through vegetative growth, to flowering and the formation of cut flowers.

[0057] According to a preferred embodiment, local production conditions can be based on the weather conditions of the expected growth environment.

[0058] According to a preferred embodiment, the growth, development, yield, and / or quality of the rose plant refers to the yield and / or quality of cut flowers.

[0059] According to a preferred embodiment, obtaining the stem diameter of a rose plant refers to obtaining the stem diameter at the first 7-leaf node of the upright branch of the rose plant.

[0060] According to a preferred embodiment, the first module can be an insertable stem flow meter, wherein the insertable stem flow meter can acquire the stem diameter of the rose plant, the stem flow of the rose plant, and the density of the upright branches of the rose plant, so as to determine the daily transpiration of the rose plant.

[0061] According to a preferred embodiment, the method for obtaining stem flow of rose plants is as follows: data is scanned once at time α and the average value is recorded once at time β. Preferably, α is 30s to 300s, and β is 1min to 60min. Particularly preferably, data is scanned once every 1min and the average value is recorded once every 20min, with continuous observation day and night.

[0062] This invention provides a rose plant growth monitoring system. The system includes a first module for acquiring measured values ​​of rose plant stem flow, a second module for pruning rose plants, and a processing module.

[0063] Based on the collected measured stem flow rate of the rose plants, the first module generates the daily transpiration rate of the rose plants and sends the generated daily transpiration rate to the processing module. The processing module generates a measured water use efficiency (UFE) value based on the daily transpiration rate of the rose plants and compares the standard UFE value with the measured UFE value. When the standard UFE value is not greater than the measured UFE value, the second module goes into dormancy, maintaining the existing number of nutrient branches of the rose plants. When the standard UFE value is greater than the measured UFE value, the processing module compares the stem flow rate standard value with the measured stem flow rate. When the standard stem flow rate is less than the measured stem flow rate, the processing module triggers the second module to enter a first working mode of increasing the number of nutrient branches by compressing upright branches. When the standard stem flow rate is greater than the measured stem flow rate, the processing module triggers the second module to enter a second working mode of pruning nutrient branches.

[0064] Preferably, the second module includes a controlled pruning component and a manipulator. The manipulator is capable of compressing upright branches, turning them into vegetative branches. When the second module enters a first working mode, the manipulator operates to compress at least one upright branch, turning it into a vegetative branch. When the second module enters a second working mode, the pruning component operates to prune at least one vegetative branch.

[0065] According to a preferred embodiment, the number of nutrient branches of the plant pruned by the second module is one.

[0066] According to a preferred embodiment, the first module includes a diameter measuring instrument, an insertion-type stem flow meter, and a density acquisition unit. Preferably, the density acquisition unit is an image acquisition unit.

[0067] The vegetative branch pruning prediction model disclosed in this application can generate the number of vegetative branches that need to be pruned for a rose plant based on the real-time changes in stem flow of the rose plant without invasive procedures. This prediction model is particularly suitable for predicting the number of vegetative branches for rose plants in different environments and growing regions. For example, the growth process of rose plants differs greatly between northern regions with large temperature differences between day and night and southern regions with high humidity and heat. Consequently, the number of vegetative branches and the number of upright branches and vegetative branches that need to be retained also differ during the same growth period. Therefore, relying on experience to determine the pruning of vegetative branches for rose plants will ignore the influence of season and environment on the rose plant, resulting in the rose plant's high-quality yield never reaching its peak.

[0068] According to a preferred embodiment, the processing module can also identify methods for monitoring and / or supplementing / reducing the nutrient branches of rose plants in conjunction with local production conditions.

[0069] The beneficial effects of this technical solution are:

[0070] 1. This technical solution determines the growth status of a plant by detecting its transpiration. Plants mainly transpire water through the epidermal tissues of leaves and stems. Before flowering, cut rose plants are mainly composed of stems and leaves, so the amount of transpiration can be used to detect the growth of stems and leaves.

[0071] 2. This technical solution is adapted to local conditions. While taking into account the growth characteristics of rose plants, it also incorporates their growth environment (local production conditions) as a reference factor for the monitoring and / or supplementation of nutrient branches of rose plants, thereby improving the accuracy of the monitoring and / or supplementation of nutrient branches of rose plants.

[0072] 3. Since the detection of stem flow, stem diameter and related factors of rose plants is carried out at a certain frequency, this technical solution can monitor different time points of rose plant growth and predict its future growth status based on the rose plant growth model, so as to achieve the purpose of real-time regulation of the nutrient branches of rose plants, which is of great significance for guiding rose plant production.

[0073] According to a preferred embodiment, an insertable stem flow meter is used to monitor stem flow in rose plants. Preferably, the insertable stem flow meter includes a heat pulse emitter, temperature sensors, and a solar power supply for continuously powering the insertable stem flow meter. Preferably, the insertable stem flow meter includes one heat pulse emitter, two temperature sensors, and a solar panel for continuously powering the insertable stem flow meter. The insertable stem flow meter has a built-in rechargeable battery, such as... Figure 4 As shown.

[0074] According to a preferred embodiment, the installation method of the insertable stem flow meter is as follows:

[0075] At the base of the rose plant, at the first 7-leaf node of the upright branch, insert the three probes of the insertion stem flow meter vertically into the three drill holes.

[0076] This invention provides a method for regulating the growth of rose plants. The method is as follows:

[0077] Obtain the stem diameter at the first 7-leaf node of the upright branch of the rose plant;

[0078] An insertion-type stem flow meter was used to obtain stem flow from rose plants;

[0079] Obtain the density of upright branches of the rose plant;

[0080] Obtain the number of nutrient branches of the rose plant;

[0081] The transpiration rate of a rose plant is determined based on the stem diameter, stem flow, and density at the first 7-leaf node of the upright branch.

[0082] Based on the transpiration rate and number of nutrient branches of rose plants, the growth, development, yield and quality of rose plants were simulated and analyzed on a rose plant growth model. Based on the full-crop growth pattern of rose plants, a nutrient branch regulation scheme for cut rose plants was determined.

[0083] This invention provides a monitoring and control technology for the vegetative branches of rose plants based on real-time stem flow, comprising:

[0084] Vernier calipers are used to obtain the stem diameter at the first 7-leaf node of the upright branch of the rose plant to be measured.

[0085] Stem flow meter, used to obtain real-time stem flow data of rose plants;

[0086] The density acquisition module is used to acquire the density of the upright branches of the rose plant;

[0087] The processing module is used to determine the transpiration rate of rose plants based on the stem diameter, stem flow, and density at the first 7-leaf node of the upright branches. It can also be used to simulate and analyze the growth, development, yield, and quality of rose plants on a rose plant growth model based on the transpiration rate, number of nutrient branches, and effective leaf area index of nutrient branches. Furthermore, it can determine the monitoring method for nutrient branches of rose plants based on the full-crop growth pattern of rose plants. Attached Figure Description

[0088] Figure 1 The stem thickness at the first 7 leaflets node of the upright branch of the rose plant provided in one embodiment;

[0089] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the stem flow meter installation provided in one embodiment;

[0090] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a rose plant's nutrient branches provided in one embodiment.

[0091] Figure 4 This is an application diagram of real-time stem flow-based nutrient branch monitoring of cut rose plants and field monitoring at a weather station, provided in one embodiment.

[0092] Figure Labels

[0093] 100: Nutrient branch; 200: Insertion stem flow meter; 300: Upright branch. Detailed Implementation

[0094] The following is a detailed explanation with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0095] This invention provides a method for monitoring 100 vegetative branches of cut rose plants based on real-time stem flow, the method specifically including:

[0096] Measure the stem diameter at the first 7-leaf node on a 300-meter vertical branch of the rose plant under test; among them, select representative rose plants to measure the stem diameter at the first 7-leaf node on a 300-meter vertical branch, such as... Figure 1 As shown.

[0097] An insertion-type stem flow meter was used to continuously monitor real-time stem flow changes in representative rose plants.

[0098] Obtain the density of 300 upright branches of the rose plant.

[0099] Obtain the number of 100 nutrient branches of the rose plant.

[0100] The actual daily transpiration of the rose plant was calculated based on the stem diameter at the first 7-leaf node of the 300 upright branches, the stem flow of the rose plant, and the density of the 300 upright branches.

[0101] Based on real-time data measured by a stem flow meter, the data is collected by a data acquisition device and sent to a cloud database, which means that the transpiration of rose plants is collected in real time.

[0102] Obtain the water requirements of rose plants under different light conditions.

[0103] Real-time information (including planting density, row configuration, pruning time, branch pressing time, irrigation time and amount, real-time transpiration of plants, and real-time soil moisture content) is uploaded to the database via wireless network. Based on the simulation analysis results of rose plant growth model and the whole-crop growth law of rose plants, a monitoring method for nutrient branches 100 is formulated, and then the nutrient branches 100 of rose plants are optimized and managed by reducing and supplementing.

[0104] According to a preferred embodiment, an insertion-type stem flow meter 200 is used to monitor changes in stem flow in rose plants. The system is set to scan data once every 1 minute and record the average value once every 20 minutes, with continuous day and night observation. The insertion-type stem flow meter 200 is installed as follows: At a distance of 300 mm from the base of the rose plant, at the first 7-leaf node of the upright branch, three small holes are drilled perpendicularly to the stem surface using a drill bit and a positioning plate. Three probes (each insertion-type stem flow meter 200 consists of one heat pulse emitter and two temperature sensing probes) are vertically inserted into the drilled holes. Figure 2 As shown.

[0105] According to a preferred embodiment, a solar panel is used to continuously power the instrument for monitoring stem flow changes (the insertion-type stem flow meter 200 has a built-in rechargeable battery, which can provide continuous power at night).

[0106] In this invention, the transpiration rate of cut roses per unit area is calculated using the following integral formula:

[0107]

[0108] The parameters are defined as described above.

[0109] The transpiration rate of cut roses per unit area is used to calculate the daily transpiration rate of rose plants in the field.

[0110] According to a preferred embodiment, a data acquisition instrument is used to collect and transmit data.

[0111] According to a preferred embodiment, a small weather station is used to collect real-time data on different light periods in the field, and the corresponding relative transpiration is analyzed. A rose plant growth model is used to quantitatively predict, monitor, provide early warnings, and support decision-making regarding the rose plant development process.

[0112] This invention addresses the issue of layering cultivation of cut rose plants. Based on real-time stem flow measurement data and an Internet of Things (IoT) system, it enables precise control of the number and pruning management of nutrient branches 100 in cut rose plants under the guidance of this method. This overcomes the arbitrariness of experience-based management and is of great significance for the rational and efficient utilization of nutrient branches 100 in cut rose plants and for agricultural production.

[0113] The three-branch nutrient plant design (100 shoots) produces flowers of higher quality than the designs of the first and second nutrient plant designs (100 shoots), and also surpasses the CK treatment of traditional empirical pruning of nutrient plants (100 shoots). Nutrient plant training and pruning can be performed based on the C treatment (100 shoots). Before reaching the maximum number of nutrient plants (100 shoots), yield and quality are directly proportional to the number of nutrient plants (100 shoots), and the number of nutrient plants (100 shoots) is directly proportional to stem flow. The quantity and quality of nutrient plants (100 shoots) on cut rose plants can be monitored based on real-time stem flow.

[0114] Example 1

[0115] This invention provides a method and system for monitoring the nutrient branches 100 of cut rose plants based on real-time stem flow monitoring.

[0116] This embodiment provides an experimental method for studying stem flow and growth of cut rose plants with different nutrient branches (100).

[0117] I. Overview of the Study Area and Species Selection

[0118] The study area is located in Jinning District, Yunnan Province. The experimental site has a digitally-equipped greenhouse that can provide heating and year-round production. The experiment was conducted from April 19 to May 30, 2022.

[0119] The tested variety was Zixia Fairy. The experiment was designed with three different numbers of 100 vegetative branches: one branch, two branches, and three branches, which were labeled as treatments A, B, and C, respectively, with three replicates for each treatment.

[0120] II. Experimental Design and Equipment Overview

[0121] The experiment was designed with three different numbers of 100 vegetative branches: one, two, and three, designated as treatments A, B, and C, respectively. The upright sections were pruned to three stubs, each with two buds. Untreated or uninterrupted cut rose plants of the same period served as the control group (CK). When the first seven leaflets appeared on each of the 300 upright branches in each treatment, real-time stem flow was collected using a stem flow meter, and physiological indicators of the emerging upright branches were measured. These indicators were monitored every 7 days, measuring diameter, fresh weight, dry weight, and flower branch length. The experiment ended on day 42, with a total of 72 plants counted; at this point, the upright branches in each treatment met commercial standards. The transmitted light radiation, number of flower branches, and flower branch grade of the 300 upright branches and 100 vegetative branches at the last sampling point were obtained, and the data were collected and processed to obtain the results. The 100 vegetative branches are shown below. Figure 3 As shown.

[0122] In this application, "upright branch 300" refers to cut flower branches that can produce flower buds and are suitable for sale. "Nutritional branch 100" refers to flower branches that have been layered to a horizontal or drooping position and that require partial pruning.

[0123] Data was monitored and collected using a stem flow meter and related IoT components. During the growing season, the system provided monitoring and display of meteorological, soil, and plant data for the experimental site, and published sowing date forecasts, growth period forecasts and analyses, water and fertilizer ratio methods, flower harvesting predictions, and chemical control methods. Meteorological data for the experimental site was provided by the Yunnan Provincial Flower Promotion Center, while the rose variety information and management measures required for the model simulation were obtained from field trials. The accuracy of the model simulation was evaluated using the root mean square error and goodness of fit of the measured and simulated values.

[0124] If the cut flower yield and quality of treatments A, B, and C are better than those of treatment CK, it indicates that there are 100 nutrient branches in treatments A, B, and C that are superior to those in conventional empirical planting management. The number of 100 nutrient branches can be adjusted based on the actual results. If the cut flower yield and quality of treatments A, B, and C are lower than those of treatment CK, it indicates that there are fewer 100 nutrient branches. In this case, more 100 nutrient branches can be added for comparison based on the number of 100 nutrient branches in treatment CK, so as to adjust the number of 100 nutrient branches that are most suitable for growth.

[0125] III. Test Results

[0126] The measurement indicators include: average dry weight of upright branches, average stem flow, average diameter, and average density. These indicators are calculated as follows:

[0127] Average dry weight of upright branches: Calculated by dividing the total dry weight of all upright branches of the cut rose plant to be tested by the number of upright branches of that plant after flowering on the 42nd day.

[0128] Average stem flow: The real-time stem flow was measured every 20 minutes during a 42-day growth cycle. The sum of all real-time stem flow values ​​was then divided by the total number of measurements to obtain the average stem flow.

[0129] Average diameter: Calculated by dividing the sum of the diameters at the first seven leaflets of all upright branches of the cut rose plant under test by the number of upright branches after flowering on day 42.

[0130] Average density: After flowering on the 42nd day, a 1-square-meter plot was selected using a five-point sampling method (four corners and the center of the greenhouse). The total number of upright branches in these five plots was counted and then divided by 5 to obtain the average density.

[0131] Based on the rose plant growth model, the following calculations were performed after 42 days of flowering:

[0132] The average dry weight of upright branches was 10.2321g for treatment A, 21.0984g for treatment B, and 38.5239g for treatment C.

[0133] The average stem flow in treatment A was 66 cm / h. -1 stem -1 The average diameter is 5.1 mm, and the average density (upright plants) is 22.0 stubs. -2 The average stem flow in treatment B was 85 cm / h. -1 stem -1 The average diameter is 5.3 mm and the average density is 27.5 stomm. -2 The average stem flow for treatment C was 136 cm / h. -1 stem -1 The average diameter is 5.4 mm, and the average density is 44.2 μm. -2 According to formulas (1)-(3), the transpiration rates of treatments A, B, and C can be calculated as follows: 13.48 mm / h. -1 18.74mm h -1 31.13mm h -1 .

[0134] According to the rose model, the WUE value for treatment C is 0.56 kg m. -3 As can be seen from Example 1, Treatment C is the treatment with the best yield of rose plants. Therefore, the WUE value of Treatment C can be used to determine whether the WUE value detected in real time meets the growth standard of rose plants.

[0135] The effects of three treatments (A, B, and C) on the light transmittance of 100 vegetative branches to 300 upright branches were calculated using the photosynthetic estimation formula: Treatment A, with 100 vegetative branches, had a light transmittance of 121 μmol sm. -2Treatment B: The light transmittance of the nutrient branch at level 100 was 98 μmol / sm. -2 C-treated nutrient branches at level 100 have a light transmittance of 56 μmol / m. -2 The light transmittance at 300° horizontal angle for treatments A, B, and C was 498 μmol / m, respectively. -2 515umols m -2 543umols m -2 Preferably, the light radiation value is directly measured using a plant canopy analyzer.

[0136] The total amount of light radiation is related to the plant's growth. Plants with more stems and leaves transmit less light radiation, and vice versa. The difference in plant growth originates from the difference in the number of vegetative branches (100). Based on the light radiation values, the system can infer the relative number or density of upright branches (300) and vegetative branches (100) in different treatments to determine the growth status of upright branches (300) and vegetative branches (100) in the control and each treatment. The results also show that the vegetative branches (100) in treatment C are growing vigorously and are in the best condition. Therefore, treatment C has the highest average dry weight of upright branches, resulting in the best quality and yield of harvested flowers. This implementation demonstrates the effectiveness of the rose model proposed in this application for detecting the real-time status of roses.

[0137] According to market standards (Kunming International Flower Trading Center), the quality of cut flowers after three treatments is as follows:

[0138] A total of 21 flowers were harvested in treatment C. Among them, 6 flowers were grade A (28.5%), 11 flowers were grade B (52.3%), and 4 flowers were grade C (19.1%).

[0139] Treatment B yielded a total of 18 flowers. Among them, 4 were grade A (22.2%), 9 were grade B (50%), 4 were grade C (22.2%), and 1 was below grade C (5.5%).

[0140] Treatment A yielded a total of 16 flowers. Among them, 2 were grade A flowers (12.5%), 6 were grade B flowers (37.5%), 7 were grade C flowers (43.7%), and 1 was below grade C (6.3%).

[0141] The criteria for judging Grade A, Grade B, and Grade C flowers are the same as those for judging the grades of fresh flowers published in the standard SB / T 11098.1-2014 "Quality Standard Grades of Fresh Cut Flowers for Auction".

[0142] The average dry weight of the CK-treated sample was 26.7546 g, and the average density was 37 μm. -2 Average stem flow: 103 cm / h -1 stem -1The average diameter is 5.3 cm; the calculated transpiration rate is 22.71 mm / h. -1 100 nutrient branches transmit 105 μmol sm of light radiation. -2 The horizontal light transmission radiation of an upright branch at 300 mm is 504 μmol / m. -2 .

[0143] A total of 19 flowers were harvested from the CK treatment. Among them, 4 were grade A flowers, accounting for 21.1%; 9 were grade B flowers, accounting for 47.3%; 5 were grade C flowers, accounting for 26.3%; and 1 flower was below grade C, accounting for 5.3%.

[0144] The experimental results show that, based on Treatment C of the cut rose variety "Purple Fairy," the quality of flowers from three 100-branch nutrient plants is superior to that of the designs using the first and second 100-branch nutrient plants, and also superior to the CK treatment using traditional empirical pruning of 100-branch nutrient plants. Branch layering and pruning of 100-branch nutrient plants can be performed based on Treatment C. When the upper limit of 100-branch nutrient plants is not reached, yield and quality are directly proportional to the number of 100-branch nutrient plants, and the number of 100-branch nutrient plants is directly proportional to the stem flow. The quantity and quality of 100-branch nutrient plants in cut rose plants can be monitored based on real-time stem flow.

[0145] This embodiment verifies the effectiveness of the model proposed in this application through experimental results of CK, control group A, control group B, and control group C.

[0146] Based on this model, the number of rose bushes to be pruned is determined by measuring the stem flow and current branch density of the rose bush.

[0147] Example 2

[0148] This embodiment provides an application for the management of nutrient branches 100 of cut rose plants based on stem flow changes.

[0149] I. Overview of the Study Area and Species Selection

[0150] The study area is located in Jinning District, Yunnan Province. The experimental site has a digitally-equipped greenhouse that can provide heating and year-round production. The experiment was conducted from June 30 to December 5, 2022.

[0151] II. Experimental Design and Equipment Overview

[0152] In Example 1, the cut rose variety tested was identified as Zixia Fairy, with three branches per 100 nutrient branches, and the total planting area was 10 mu, including 5 mu for the application area and 5 mu for the control area.

[0153] In the control area, 100% of the nutrient branches were pruned using conventional, empirical methods, and managed according to local planting practices.

[0154] The application area will carry out the transformation and equipment deployment of the rose plant nutrient branch 100 management system based on real-time stem flow measurement: that is, the pruning standard of three nutrient branches 100, using stem flow meter and related supporting Internet of Things components to monitor and collect data, and monitor and regulate the rose plant nutrient branches 100 in real time.

[0155] During the growth period, the system provides monitoring and display of meteorological, soil, and plant data for the experimental site, and publishes sowing date forecasts, growth period forecasts and analyses, water and fertilizer ratio methods, flower harvesting predictions, and chemical control methods. Meteorological data for the experimental site was provided by the Yunnan Provincial Flower Promotion Center, while the rose variety information and management measures required for the model simulation were obtained from field trials. The accuracy of the model simulation was evaluated using the root mean square error and goodness of fit of the measured and simulated values.

[0156] III. Test Results

[0157] During the experimental period, the yield of cut roses in the application area was harvested three times, with an average of 64 stems per square meter. In the control area, the cut roses were harvested three times, with an average of 59 stems per square meter. The yield per square meter in the application area was 8.5% higher than that in the control area, and the power consumption in the application area was only 51% of that in the control area.

[0158] The results demonstrate that the yield of pruning to three nutrient branches 100 in Example 1 is indeed higher than that of traditional empirical pruning of nutrient branches 100. The development status of nutrient branches 100 in cut rose plants can be comprehensively monitored using a real-time stem flow monitoring system, and the number of nutrient branches 100 can be adjusted based on the correlation between nutrient branches 100 and upright branches 300.

[0159] The results of this embodiment are only applicable to the tested variety Zixia Fairy, but the method is not limited to any particular variety.

[0160] Based on the growth regulation of rose plants using this technical solution, the efficiency of industrial production of cut rose plants has been greatly improved. This includes an increase in the number of cut rose plants that meet the requirements (from 59 to 64) and a reduction in costs (the power consumption in the application area is only 51% of that in the control area).

[0161] This embodiment is a yield control experiment and also a verification of Example 1, namely, verifying the effect of leaving three nutrient branches (treatment C) on the growth of rose plants in terms of yield. The results of this embodiment confirm that the rose plant monitoring method involved in this application can effectively improve the yield of cut rose plants and reduce the energy required to cultivate rose plants by calculating the number of pruning branches.

[0162] It should be noted that the specific embodiments described above are exemplary. Those skilled in the art can devise various solutions inspired by the disclosure of this invention, and these solutions all fall within the scope of this invention and its protection. Those skilled in the art should understand that this specification and its accompanying drawings are illustrative and do not constitute a limitation on the claims. The scope of protection of this invention is defined by the claims and their equivalents. This specification contains multiple inventive concepts; terms such as "preferredly," "according to a preferred embodiment," or "optionally" indicate that the corresponding paragraph discloses an independent concept. The applicant reserves the right to file divisional applications based on each inventive concept. Throughout the text, features introduced by "preferredly" are merely optional and should not be construed as mandatory. Therefore, the applicant reserves the right to abandon or delete relevant preferred features at any time.

Claims

1. A method of monitoring growth of a Rosa chinensis plant, characterized by, The method comprises the following steps: obtaining a standard stem flow value and a standard water use efficiency value of a rose variety; obtaining a measured stem flow value and a measured water use efficiency value of the rose variety; comparing the standard water use efficiency value and the measured water use efficiency value; when the standard water use efficiency value is not greater than the measured water use efficiency value, maintaining the existing number of vegetative branches (100); when the standard water use efficiency value is greater than the measured water use efficiency value, further comparing the standard stem flow value and the measured stem flow value, and when the standard stem flow value is less than the measured stem flow value, adopting technical measures to increase the number of vegetative branches (100), and when the standard stem flow value is greater than the measured stem flow value, adopting technical measures to reduce the number of vegetative branches (100).

2. The method for monitoring growth of Chinese rose plants according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method for obtaining the measured water use efficiency value comprises the following steps: obtaining the daily transpiration of the rose plant; obtaining the measured water use efficiency value through a rose plant growth model based on the daily transpiration of the rose plant and the growth time of the rose.

3. The method for monitoring growth of Chinese rose plants according to claim 2, characterized in that, The water use efficiency in the rose plant growth model is inversely proportional to the daily transpiration of the rose plant.

4. The method for monitoring growth of Chinese rose plants according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method for obtaining the daily transpiration of the rose plant comprises the following steps: obtaining the stem diameter, stem flow and branch number of the rose plant; confirming the daily transpiration of the rose plant based on the stem diameter, stem flow and branch number of the rose plant.

5. The method for monitoring growth of Chinese rose plants according to claim 4, characterized in that, The technical measure for increasing the number of vegetative branches (100) refers to converting the upright branches (300) into vegetative branches (100).

6. The method for monitoring growth of a rose plant according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by, When the standard water use efficiency value is greater than the measured water use efficiency value, the collection frequency of the measured water use efficiency value is increased from the original first frequency to a second frequency, and until the collected standard water use efficiency value is not greater than the measured water use efficiency value, the collection frequency of the measured water use efficiency value is decreased from the second frequency to the first frequency.

7. The method for monitoring growth of Chinese rose plants according to claim 2, characterized in that, Obtaining the stem diameter of the rose plant refers to obtaining the stem diameter of the first 7 leaflet node of the upright branch (300) of the rose plant.

8. The method for monitoring growth of Chinese rose plants according to claim 7, characterized in that, The method for obtaining the stem flow of the rose plant is: α time data is scanned once, and β time records the average value once.

9. A rose plant growth monitoring system, the system comprising a first module capable of obtaining a measured stem flow value of a rose plant, a second module for pruning the rose plant, and a processing module, characterized in that, based on the collected measured stem flow value of the rose plant, the first module generates the daily transpiration of the rose plant and sends the generated daily transpiration of the rose plant to the processing module; the processing module generates the measured water use efficiency value based on the daily transpiration of the rose plant and compares the standard water use efficiency value and the measured water use efficiency value, wherein, when the standard water use efficiency value is not greater than the measured water use efficiency value, the second module is dormant, and the rose plant maintains the existing number of vegetative branches (100); when the standard water use efficiency value is greater than the measured water use efficiency value, the processing module compares the standard stem flow value and the measured stem flow value, when the standard stem flow value is less than the measured stem flow value, the processing module triggers the second module to enter the first working mode of increasing the number of vegetative branches (100) and crushing the upright branches (300). When the stem flow standard value is greater than the stem flow measured value, the processing module triggers the second module to enter a second working mode of pruning the vegetative branches (100).

10. The rose plant growth monitoring system of claim 9, wherein, The second module prunes one vegetative branch (100) of the Chinese rose plant.

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