A method of eradicating and controlling the recurrence of spartina

Abstract

The application discloses a method for clearing and controlling recurrence of Spartina alterniflora, which comprises the following steps: firstly, arranging straw stacking fields and landfill pit positions in a Spartina alterniflora clearing area; secondly, mowing, recycling and airing the aboveground part of the Spartina alterniflora before a flowering period; thirdly, excavating the landfill pits according to the terrain, pushing the surface soil containing seeds and residual roots into the landfill pits, covering and compacting the soil, and further performing rotary tillage on the root dense positions to break the roots; and finally, restoring the beach by using the excavated deep earthwork or external planting soil, and planting native vegetation after the terrain is stable. The application mainly utilizes mechanical equipment, is simple and easy to implement, can form a strong interference habitat for the Spartina alterniflora, effectively solves the problem of recurrence of the Spartina alterniflora, and improves the success rate of plant replacement.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the field of ecological engineering, and relates to a method for removing Spartina alterniflora and controlling recurrence. BACKGROUND

[0002] Spartina alterniflora Loisel is a perennial herb of the genus Spartina in the family Poaceae. Since it was introduced into China in the last century, it has rapidly spread to various coasts due to its excellent phenotypic plasticity, genetic differentiation ability and high reproductive coefficient, occupying the survival space of native intertidal zone organisms, leading to a decrease in biodiversity and ecosystem degradation. In 2003, Spartina alterniflora was listed in the first batch of invasive alien species in China, and was also listed in the world's 100 most dangerous invasive species.

[0003] In view of the ecological problems of Spartina alterniflora, the existing technology controls it by physical, chemical and biological methods, but Spartina alterniflora can often realize secondary invasion through asexual and sexual reproduction. The “mowing + plowing / rotary plowing + vegetation replacement” control mode represented by patent No. CN103583179A can inhibit the secondary growth and spread of Spartina alterniflora to some extent, but it cannot eradicate the stems and seeds in the sediments, leading to the recovery of Spartina alterniflora through compensation effect after 2-3 growth seasons, even exceeding the original biomass. The herbicides represented by patent No. CN113349217B such as fluazifop-butyl and glyphosate can inhibit cell division and completely inhibit the asexual and sexual reproduction of Spartina alterniflora, but the disadvantage is that the use of herbicides leads to the inability to plant plants such as reeds in the later period, and will poison certain intertidal zone organisms in the short term. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a simple and easy method with less environmental impact. SUMMARY

[0004] The purpose of the present application is to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, and to provide a method for removing Spartina alterniflora and controlling recurrence.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose of the application, the following technical solutions are adopted:

[0006] A method for removing Spartina alterniflora and controlling recurrence, first, a straw stacking field and a landfill pit position are arranged in a Spartina alterniflora cleaning area, then the aboveground part of Spartina alterniflora is mowed, recycled and dried before the flowering period, then the landfill pit is excavated according to the terrain, and the surface soil containing seeds and residual rhizomes is pushed into the pit, and the soil is compacted, and the rhizome dense part is further rotary plowed to break the rhizomes, finally the deep soil or external planting soil is used to restore the beach surface, and after the terrain is stable, native vegetation is planted.

[0007] Further, the following steps are included:

[0008] Step one, divide the clearing area into several clearing units, lay corresponding scale of straw stacking field and landfill pit in each unit high beach and above area, and position or clean the beach stone and hard waste;

[0009] Step two, before the flowering period, choose artificial or mechanical to mow the aboveground part of the Spartina alterniflora from low to high along the terrain, the stubble left on the ground after mowing should not exceed 5cm; at the same time, the straw is concentrated to the stacking field, and after 1-2 weeks of airing and dehydration, it is used as biomass energy or crushed and returned to the beach;

[0010] Step three, after mowing, excavate the landfill pit with a depth of 2.0-5.0m, the side wall is made into a certain inclined slope, and the earthwork is stacked between the landfill pit and the straw stacking field. Use the wetland bulldozer to push the surface soil containing Spartina alterniflora seeds, roots and stubble with a thickness of not less than 30cm into the landfill pit and compact it from low to high along the terrain, and then fill and compact the soil in situ, and the thickness of the covering soil is at least 1m;

[0011] Step four, after the surface soil is excavated, the rotary tiller is used to rotary till the dense part of the Spartina alterniflora residual stem and root to completely break the stem and root, and the rotary tillage depth is about 30-40cm;

[0012] Step five, use the excavated deep earthwork or external planting soil without Spartina alterniflora seed bank to restore the original state of the beach, and after the terrain is stable, select the fast-growing local vegetation such as reed, sea three prongs grass and Laganum.

[0013] Preferably, topographic measurement should be carried out after step two is completed;

[0014] Preferably, a landfill belt with a width of 4-6m can be arranged along the coastline at an interval of 5m, and after the original beach is restored by covering soil, the soil fabric is continued to be laid to form a wave-breaking ridge with a top width of 1-3m and a slope ratio of 1:1.5-1:2, and the top elevation of the ridge is not higher than the average high tide level.

[0015] Preferably, after step three is completed, the non-transparent soil fabric is laid and fixed on the landfill pit.

[0016] Due to the above technical scheme, the present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0017] Compared with the traditional Spartina alterniflora control technology, the present application mainly reduces the seed bank and light availability of Spartina alterniflora through the strong interference mode of "physical control + earthwork replacement + vegetation planting", which fundamentally eliminates the possibility of recurrence based on the local Spartina alterniflora seed bank. The implementation process is friendly to the environment, and even has a certain impact on biology in the short term, but after the treatment is completed, the habitat is improved and enhanced, and the affected area will gradually recover. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0018] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the following drawings are provided for reference:

[0019] Fig. 1 The layout of the treatment area of one embodiment of the present application.

[0020] Fig. 2 The second step of one embodiment of the present application.

[0021] Fig. 3 The third step of one embodiment of the present application.

[0022] Fig. 4 The fourth step of one embodiment of the present application.

[0023] Fig. 5 The fifth step of one embodiment of the present application.

[0024] 1 - straw storage yard, 2 - landfill site, 3 - switchgrass growing area, 4 - switchgrass harvesting, 5 - straw collection and drying, 6 - landfill excavation, 7 - pushing the stems and roots into the landfill, 8 - layering and compaction, 9 - restoring the beach surface, 10 - planting local plants;

[0025] It should be noted that the above-mentioned drawings only show some embodiments of the present application, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings of embodiments can be obtained from these drawings without creative labor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present application clearer, the present application will be further described in detail below in combination with the drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present application and do not limit the present application.

[0027] For the convenience of description, spatial relative terms such as "under", "below", "lower", "above", "upper" and the like will be used to describe the relationship of one element or feature to another element or feature shown in the drawings. The spatial relative terms are intended to include different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation shown in the drawings. For example, if the device in the drawings is turned over, the element described as "under" or "below" the other element or feature will be oriented "above" the other element or feature.

[0028] Unless otherwise defined, the terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present application belongs, and the terms should be interpreted as having a meaning consistent with the meaning in the context of related technology, and should not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formalized manner, except as expressly defined by the present application.

[0029] Generally, the present application can be implemented in the following manner:

[0030] Step one, divide the removal area into several removal units, and arrange corresponding scale of straw stacking field and landfill pit in the area above the high tide beach of each unit, and position or clean the stone blocks and hard waste on the beach;

[0031] Step two, position or clean the stone blocks and hard waste on the beach before the flowering period, and then use artificial or mechanical cutting from low to high along the terrain, and the stubble on the ground after cutting should not exceed 5 cm; at the same time, the straw is recycled and concentrated to the stacking field, and after 1-2 weeks of airing and dehydration, it is used as biomass energy or is crushed and returned to the beach;

[0032] Step three, excavate the landfill pit with a depth of 3.0-5.0 m, and the side wall is made into a 1:2-1:4 inclined slope, and the earthwork is layered and stacked. Use the wetland bulldozer to push the surface soil containing Spartina alterniflora seeds, root system and stubble with a thickness of not less than 30 cm into the landfill pit and compact, and then layer by layer backfill and compact the soil in situ, and the soil thickness is more than 1 m.

[0033] Step four, after the surface soil is removed, the rotary tiller is used to rotary till the dense part of the Spartina alterniflora residual root system to completely break the Spartina alterniflora stem root, and the rotary tillage depth is about 30-40 cm.

[0034] Step five, use deep (3-5 m) in-situ earthwork or external planting soil without Spartina alterniflora seed bank to restore the original state of the beach, and after the terrain is stable, select Phragmites australis, Scirpus mariqueter and other fast-growing local vegetation.

[0035] As shown in Figs. 1 to 5 , the implementation site of the present application is located on the beach outside the Shanghai Lingang seawall, and the implementation example is as follows:

[0036] Example 1

[0037] Step one, divide the removal area into several removal units with an area of about 1 hectare. Each unit is arranged and excavated with a straw stacking field and a landfill pit in the area above the elevation of 3.0 m, and the areas are 0.1 and 0.15 hectares respectively;

[0038] Step two, position or clean the stone blocks and hard waste on the beach before the flowering period, and then use artificial or mechanical cutting from low to high along the terrain, and the stubble on the ground after cutting should not exceed 5 cm; at the same time, the straw is recycled and concentrated to the stacking field, and after 1-2 weeks of airing and dehydration, it is used as biomass energy or is crushed and returned to the beach;

[0039] Step three, excavate the landfill pit to a depth of 3.0 m, and the side wall is made into a 1:3 inclined slope. The earthwork is stacked in layers of 0.5 m. Use the wetland bulldozer to push the surface soil containing the seeds, roots and stubble of Spartina alterniflora with a thickness of not less than 30 cm into the landfill pit from low to high along the terrain, and then backfill and compact the soil in layers in situ, with a soil cover thickness of more than 1 m.

[0040] Step four, after the surface soil is removed, use a rotary cultivator to rotary cultivate the dense areas of Spartina alterniflora roots to completely break the Spartina alterniflora roots, with a rotary cultivation depth of about 30 cm.

[0041] Step five, use deep earthwork or foreign planting soil without Spartina alterniflora seed bank to restore the original state of the beach, and plant reed after the terrain is stable.

[0042] The monitoring results show that the survival rate of reed is 60% in the same year, the Spartina alterniflora removal rate is 100%, and there is no recurrence in the next growing season.

[0043] Example 2

[0044] Step one, divide the removal area into several removal units with an area of about 2 hectares. Each unit is provided with a straw stacking field and a landfill pit with an area of 0.2 hectares in the area above the elevation of 2.4 m;

[0045] Step two, before the flowering period, locate or clean the beach stones and hard waste, and then use manual or mechanical cutting to cut the aboveground part of Spartina alterniflora from low to high along the terrain, and the stubble on the ground after cutting should not exceed 5 cm; at the same time, the straw is recycled and concentrated to the stacking field, and after 1-2 weeks of drying, it is used as biomass energy or crushed and returned to the beach;

[0046] Step three, excavate the landfill pit to a depth of 4.0 m, and the side wall is made into a 1:3 inclined slope. The earthwork is stacked in layers of 1.0 m. Use the wetland bulldozer to push the surface soil containing the seeds, roots and stubble of Spartina alterniflora with a thickness of not less than 30 cm into the landfill pit from low to high along the terrain, and then backfill and compact the soil in layers in situ, with a soil cover thickness of more than 1 m.

[0047] Step four, after the surface soil is removed, use a rotary cultivator to rotary cultivate the dense areas of Spartina alterniflora roots to completely break the Spartina alterniflora roots, with a rotary cultivation depth of about 40 cm.

[0048] Step five, use deep earthwork or foreign planting soil without Spartina alterniflora seed bank to restore the original state of the beach, and plant reed after the terrain is stable.

[0049] The monitoring results show that the survival rate of reed is 60% in the same year, the Spartina alterniflora removal rate is 100%, and there is no recurrence in the next growing season.

[0050] Example 3

[0051] Step 1: Divide the clearing area into several clearing units, each approximately 1 hectare in size. Within each unit, a straw storage area and landfill pit, each with an area of ​​0.1 hectares, will be laid out and excavated in an area above 3.0m elevation.

[0052] Step 2: Before the flowering period, locate or clean up the rocks and hard garbage on the beach. Then, use a lawnmower to cut the above-ground part of Spartina alterniflora from low to high along the terrain during low tide. The stubble left on the ground after cutting should not exceed 5cm. At the same time, collect the straw and gather it in the storage yard. After drying and dehydrating for 1-2 weeks, it can be used as biomass energy or crushed and returned to the beach.

[0053] Step 3: Excavate a landfill pit to a depth of 3.0m, with the sidewalls sloped at a 1:3 ratio. Layer the excavated soil in 1.0m increments. Using a wetland bulldozer, push a layer of topsoil, including Spartina alterniflora seeds, roots, and stubble, at least 30cm thick, into the landfill pit, compacting it. Then, backfill in situ in layers, compacting and covering with at least 0.5m of topsoil. Cover the landfill pit with a composite geotextile with a light transmittance of less than 10% for two months.

[0054] Step 4: After removing the topsoil, use a rotary tiller to till the densely populated areas of Spartina alterniflora roots to thoroughly break up the Spartina alterniflora stems and roots. The tilling depth should be about 30cm.

[0055] Step 5: Use deep soil or imported planting soil from a non-Spartina alterniflora seed bank to restore the original state of the beach. After the terrain is stabilized and the composite geotextile is removed, plant reeds and sea sedges.

[0056] Monitoring results showed that the survival rates of reeds and sea buckthorn were 64% and 60% respectively, and the eradication rate of Spartina alterniflora was 100%, with no recurrence in the following growing season.

[0057] Any content not described in detail in this invention can be selected and used by those skilled in the art according to specific needs, and will not be elaborated here.

[0058] The above description of the embodiments is provided to enable those skilled in the art to understand and use the present invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications can be made to these embodiments, and the general principles described herein can be applied to other embodiments without inventive effort. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any improvements and modifications made by those skilled in the art based on the disclosure of the present invention without departing from the scope of the invention should be within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method of clearing and controlling the recurrence of Spartina alterniflora, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: Step one, divide the Spartina alterniflora cleaning area into 1-2 hectare cleaning units, set up straw stacking field and landfill pit in the area above 3.0m height in each unit, the area of straw stacking field and landfill pit in each cleaning unit is 500-1000m2 respectively; and locate or clean the beach stones and hard waste; Step two, before the flowering stage, use artificial or mechanical cutting to cut the aboveground part of Spartina alterniflora from low to high along the terrain; at the same time, concentrate the straw to the stacking field, and after drying, use the straw as biomass energy or crush the straw and return to the beach; Step three, after cutting, dig a landfill pit with a depth of 2.0-5.0m, the side wall is shaped into a 1:2-1:4 inclined slope, the earthwork is layered and stacked between the landfill pit and the straw stacking field; use the wetland bulldozer to push the surface layer soil containing Spartina alterniflora seeds and stems into the landfill pit and compact it from low to high along the terrain, then layer by layer backfill and compact the soil in situ, after compaction, lay and fix the non-permeable geotextile on the landfill pit; the thickness of the surface layer soil pushed into the landfill pit and compacted is not less than 30cm, and the thickness of the soil is at least 1m; Step four, after the surface layer soil is excavated, use the rotary tiller to rotary till the dense part of the remaining Spartina alterniflora roots to completely break the roots, the rotary tillage depth is 30-40cm; Step five, use the excavated deep earthwork or external planting soil without Spartina alterniflora seed bank to restore the original state of the beach, after the terrain is stable, increase the planting density by 1-2 times in the dense root area, and select reed, sea three prong rush or laguan wood; The landfill pit is arranged along the coastline at an interval of 5m to form several 4-6m wide landfill belts, after the soil is restored to the original state of the beach, continue to raise and lay the geotextile to form a wave dissipation ridge with a top width of 1-3m and a slope ratio of 1:1.5-1:2, the top elevation of the ridge is not higher than the average high tide level.

2. The method of eradicating and controlling the recurrence of smooth cordgrass of claim 1, wherein: In step two, the stubble left on the ground after cutting is not more than 5cm; the drying time is 1-2 weeks.

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