Track detection unit and detection equipment

Abstract

The present invention provides an orbit detection unit and a detection device, which include an installation main body, at least four line laser sensors and a two-dimensional camera. Since the four line laser sensors are fixedly installed on the installation main body according to a pre-designed arrangement and their relative positions are fixed, the position accuracy between the line laser sensors is very high. During mobile detection, the position change between the sensors can be effectively avoided, and a high-precision orbit profile line can be obtained. Since there is a two-dimensional camera, the upper surface image of the orbit can be acquired. Based on this image, various defects of the orbit, such as block dropping, wear, light band deviation, etc., can be pre-judged. Then, combined with the acquired profile line, the depth of block dropping and wear can be further detected, which can save the computing power of the computing device and effectively improve the computing efficiency. In addition, the orbit detection unit is designed as an independent module and can be disassembled and assembled as a whole, which is convenient for disassembly, assembly and maintenance, and can effectively avoid the position change between the line laser sensors during the maintenance process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of track detection, and particularly relates to a track detection unit and a detection device. Background Art

[0002] To ensure the operation safety of the track, it is necessary to regularly detect the track to timely discover problems such as chip removal, wear, and rail surface deformation on the upper surface of the track, and promptly eliminate these problems. In the past, inspectors used detection tools such as calipers to conduct multiple manual measurements along the line. In this way, the detection efficiency is very low, and due to the large number of items that need to be measured and verified, and the limited time for line stop inspection and maintenance, it is often difficult to complete all item measurements within the limited time by manual means.

[0003] Therefore, to improve the detection efficiency, a track inspection vehicle has emerged. Multiple detectors such as line laser sensors are installed on the vehicle, and an encoder for measuring the moving distance is installed in the wheel. The inspector can push the track inspection vehicle to move along the track, obtain the profile of the track during the movement, and then perform calculation and analysis based on the obtained profile, so as to quickly complete the detection of the track. However, such a track inspection vehicle also has some problems: each line laser sensor can only obtain a partial profile line of the rail. To splice the partial profile lines obtained by multiple sensors into a complete profile line, the relative positions between multiple sensors need to be fixed and precise. However, currently, multiple sensors are directly installed on the vehicle, and it is difficult to ensure precise relative positions, which affects the detection accuracy. In addition, the inspection vehicles of the prior art are mostly used for detecting main line tracks, and the coverage of multiple line laser sensors is small, making it difficult to cope with the one-time detection of various different types of tracks.

[0004] Therefore, to solve the above problems, a track detection device with corresponding optimized design is needed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention is made to solve the above problems, and aims to provide a track detection unit and a detection device including the track detection unit that can obtain a more accurate track profile line and an image of the upper surface of the track, so as to more accurately detect the track. The present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] The present invention provides an orbit detection unit, which is characterized by comprising: a mounting main body arranged above the orbit; at least four line laser sensors, all fixedly mounted on the mounting main body and facing the orbit, arranged circumferentially along the orbit, respectively used for obtaining partial profile lines of the orbit, and the planes of the line lasers projected by them are coplanar and coplanar with the cross section of the orbit; and a two-dimensional camera fixedly mounted on the mounting main body and facing the orbit, used for obtaining an image of the upper surface of the orbit. Among them, the second and third line laser sensors are located above the orbit, the first and fourth line laser sensors are respectively located outside and inside the orbit, the partial profile line obtained by the first line laser sensor covers the lower jaw part of the orbit, and this lower jaw part is used as a reference position for profile detection. There is an overlap between the partial profile lines obtained by two adjacent line laser sensors, and the partial profile lines obtained by the four laser sensors are spliced to form a continuous profile line of the orbit.

[0007] The orbit detection unit provided by the present invention may further have such a technical feature that the second line laser sensor is located outside and above the orbit, and the partial profile line obtained by it covers a part of the outer surface and the upper surface of the orbit. The third line laser sensor is located inside and above the orbit, and the partial profile line obtained by it covers a part of the inner surface and the upper surface of the orbit.

[0008] The orbit detection unit provided by the present invention may further have such a technical feature that the orbit includes a main line orbit and a switch rail arranged on one side of the main line orbit. The third line laser sensor is located inside and above the switch rail, and the partial profile line obtained by it covers the upper surface of the main line orbit, the upper surface of the switch rail and a part of the inner surface. The fourth line laser sensor is located inside the switch rail, and the partial profile line obtained by it covers a part of the inner surface of the switch rail.

[0009] The orbit detection unit provided by the present invention may further have such a technical feature that the mounting main body includes: a housing with an opening at the lower part; a plurality of connecting brackets installed in the housing, respectively used for fixedly installing each line laser sensor; and a plurality of reinforcing brackets fixedly installed in the housing, used for enhancing the structural strength of the housing.

[0010] The orbit detection unit provided by the present invention may further have such a technical feature that one end of the housing has a protruding part protruding towards the orbit. When the detection device is placed on the orbit, the protruding part is located outside the orbit, and the first line laser sensor is installed in the protruding part.

[0011] The track detection unit provided by the present invention may further have the following technical feature: it further includes a fifth line laser sensor located above the track, and the plane of the line laser projected by it is perpendicular to the cross-section of the track, and is used to obtain the end face line of the upper surface of the track, and this end face line is used to detect the corrugation of the upper surface of the track.

[0012] The track detection unit provided by the present invention may further have the following technical feature: the number of the two-dimensional cameras is more than two.

[0013] The present invention provides a detection device, which is characterized in that it includes: a mounting carriage movably placed on the two tracks, and two above-mentioned track detection units detachably mounted on the mounting carriage, respectively used to obtain the profile lines and upper surface images of the two tracks.

[0014] The detection device provided by the present invention may further have the following technical feature: the mounting body of the track detection unit is connected and positioned with the mounting carriage through a plurality of indexing pins, so that the mounting body is located above the corresponding track, and a plurality of line laser sensors mounted on the mounting body are arranged circumferentially along the track.

[0015] The detection device provided by the present invention may further have the following technical feature: it further includes a trolley handle detachably and rotatably mounted on the mounting carriage for a detection personnel to push the detection device; a handle adjusting mechanism arranged at the connection position between the trolley handle and the mounting carriage for adjusting the angle of the trolley handle relative to the mounting carriage; and a computing device mounted on the mounting carriage and communicatively connected with the line laser sensors and two-dimensional cameras in the two track detection units, for receiving the profile lines obtained by the line laser sensors and the upper surface images obtained by the two-dimensional cameras, and performing calculation and analysis based on the profile lines and the upper surface images.

[0016] Functions and effects of the invention

[0017] The track detection unit and detection device according to the present invention include an installation main body, at least four line laser sensors, and a two-dimensional camera. Since the four line laser sensors are fixedly installed on the installation main body according to a pre-designed arrangement and their relative positions are fixed, the position accuracy between the line laser sensors is very high. During the detection while moving along the track, the position change between the line laser sensors can be effectively avoided, so that a high-precision track profile line can be obtained, which is beneficial to the detection of the track profile. Since there are a two-dimensional camera and multiple line laser sensors, the track image and track profile data can be obtained, and it can be used for the detection of various track projects. In addition, the track detection unit is designed as an independent module and can be disassembled and assembled as a whole, which is convenient for disassembly, installation and maintenance. It can also effectively avoid the position change between the line laser sensors during the maintenance process and maintain their accurate relative positions.

[0018] Furthermore, the first line laser sensor is arranged outside the track, and the partial profile line obtained covers the lower jaw part of the track. Since it does not contact the lower jaw part during the train operation, the lower jaw part is basically not worn, and the profile line of the lower jaw part has an easily recognizable corner. At the same time, the production requirement error at the lower jaw position is also smaller than that at other positions of the rail. Therefore, obtaining the profile line of the lower jaw part and using it as the reference position for profile detection can improve the accuracy of profile detection.

[0019] Furthermore, there is an overlap between the partial profile lines obtained by two adjacent line laser sensors. When splicing, the splicing accuracy can be improved through the overlapping part, so as to obtain a more accurate track profile line.

[0020] Furthermore, since the four line laser sensors are arranged circumferentially along the track and all face the track, one is arranged outside the track, one is arranged inside the track, and two are arranged above the track, the jointly covered range is larger, including the inner and outer sides and the upper surface of the track, and it can be applied to the one-time detection of different types of tracks. Description of the Drawings

[0021] Figure 1 is the three-dimensional view of the detection device and the track in the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 is the side view of the detection device and the track in the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 is the three-dimensional view of the installation frame and the moving mechanism in the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 4 is the three-dimensional view of the load-bearing wheel in the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 5 is the cross-sectional view of the load-bearing wheel in the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 6 It is a perspective view of the odometer wheel in the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 7 It is a cross-sectional view of the odometer wheel in the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 8 It is a perspective view of the track detection unit in the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 9 It is a schematic diagram of the relative positions of the line lasers projected by the four line laser sensors and the track in the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 10 It is a profile line diagram obtained by the first line laser sensor in the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 11 It is a profile line diagram obtained by the third line laser sensor in the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 12 is Figure 1 an enlarged view of the part within the frame A;

[0033] Figure 13 It is a schematic diagram of the track structure in the second embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 14 It is a profile line diagram obtained by the third line laser sensor in the second embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 15 It is a schematic diagram of the relative positions of the line lasers projected by the fifth line laser sensor and the track in the third embodiment of the present invention.

[0036] Reference numerals:

[0037] Detection device 10; mounting frame 20; frame main body 21; detection unit connection part 22; detection unit mounting hole 221; moving mechanism connection part 23; connection end 231; moving mechanism 30; load-bearing wheel 31; load-bearing wheel body 311; load-bearing wheel main body part 3111; load-bearing wheel chamfer part 3112; load-bearing wheel limiting part 3113; support shaft 312; bearing 313; odometer wheel 32; odometer wheel bracket 321; odometer wheel body 322; fitting groove 3221; rotating shaft 323; distance detection unit 324; spring assembly 325; connecting column 3251; socket part 3252; spring part 3253; track detection unit 40; housing 41; inclined part 411; housing connection hole 412; protruding part 411a; baffle 42; two-dimensional camera 45; first line laser sensor 46a; second line laser sensor 46b; third line laser sensor 46c; fourth line laser sensor 46d; fifth line laser sensor 46e; handle 47; indexing pin 48; trolley handle 50; handle adjustment mechanism 60; adjustment wrench 61; pressing assembly 62; limiting plate 63; computing device mounting rack 70; main line track 91; switch rail 92. Detailed implementation mode

[0038] In order to make the technical means, creative features, achieved purposes and functions of the present invention easy to understand, the track detection unit and detection device of the present invention are specifically described below in conjunction with embodiments and the accompanying drawings.

[0039] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation of the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third", etc. are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0040] <Example 1>

[0041] This embodiment provides a detection device for detecting the profile and upper surface defects of a track. In this embodiment, the track includes a main line track, also known as a basic rail, that is, two parallel I-shaped steel rails.

[0042] Figure 1 、 Figure 2 are respectively the perspective view and side view of the detection device and the track in this embodiment.

[0043] As Figure 1 、 Figure 2As shown, the detection device 10 is placed on the main line track 91, and it includes a mounting frame 20, a moving mechanism 30, two track detection units 40, a trolley handle 50, a handle adjustment mechanism 60, and a computing device (only the computing device mounting rack 70 is shown in the figure). Among them, the mounting frame 20 is placed on the two main line tracks through the moving mechanism 30 and can move along the main line track. The two track detection units 40 are respectively detachably mounted at both ends of the mounting frame 20 and are respectively located above the two main line tracks, and are used to detect the profile and upper surface defects of the corresponding main line track 91. The trolley handle 50 is detachably mounted on the upper part of the mounting frame 20 through the handle adjustment mechanism 60 and is used for the detection personnel to push the detection device 10 to move along the main line track, so as to perform detection along the line. The handle adjustment mechanism 60 is used to adjust the angle of the trolley handle 50 relative to the mounting frame 20 for the convenience of the detection personnel to push. The computing device is used to receive the signals detected by the track detection unit 40 and perform calculation and analysis on them, so as to obtain the detection result.

[0044] Figure 3 It is a perspective view of the mounting frame and the moving mechanism in this embodiment.

[0045] As Figure 3 shown, the mounting frame 20 is a metal frame and includes a frame main body part 21, two detection unit connection parts 22, and a moving mechanism connection part 23.

[0046] The frame main body part 21 is roughly in the shape of a square box with openings on both sides. X-shaped strengthening brackets are installed at positions near the openings on both sides inside the frame main body part 21 to strengthen its structural strength.

[0047] The two detection unit connection parts 22 extend from both sides of the opening of the frame main body part 21. Each detection unit connection part 22 includes a pair of plate-like parts roughly in the shape of an L. Three circular detection unit mounting holes 221 are opened on each L-shaped plate-like part for connecting one track detection unit 40. In this embodiment, the detection unit connection part 22 and the frame main body part 21 are integrally formed.

[0048] The moving mechanism connection part 23 is installed below the frame main body part 21 and the detection unit connection part 22 and has four connection ends 231, which are respectively located on both sides of the ends of the two detection unit connection parts 22.

[0049] The moving mechanism 30 includes four load-bearing wheels 31 and two odometer wheels 32.

[0050] The four load wheels 31 are respectively fixedly installed at the four connection ends 231 of the load wheel connection part 23 through brackets. The two odometers 32 are respectively installed at the two connection ends 231 through brackets, and the odometer 32 is located between the two load wheels 31 on one side. When the detection device 10 is placed on the main line track, each side is placed on the two main line tracks through the two load wheels 31 and can move stably along the main line track. When moving, the odometer 32 can measure the moving distance (odometer).

[0051] Figure 4 、 Figure 5 are respectively the perspective view and the cross-sectional view of the load wheel in this embodiment.

[0052] As Figure 4 、 Figure 5 shown, the load wheel 31 includes a load wheel body 311, a support shaft 312 and two bearings 313.

[0053] The load wheel body 311 is used to roll while fitting on the track, so that the detection device 10 moves stably along the track. The load wheel body 311 is made of an insulating material, which is a ceramic wheel body or a wheel body of POM material. The load wheel body 311 includes an integrally formed load wheel main body part 3111, a load wheel chamfer part 3112 and a load wheel limiting part 3113. The load wheel main body part 3111 is cylindrical; the load wheel chamfer part 3112 is conical and extends outward from one end of the load wheel main body part 3111, and its diameter gradually becomes smaller; the load wheel limiting part 3113 is generally annular and extends radially from the other end of the load wheel main body part 3111. When the detection device 10 is placed on the main line track 91, the side surface of the load wheel main body part 3111 abuts against the upper surface of the main line track 91, the load wheel chamfer part 3112 is located outside the main line track 91, and the load wheel limiting part 3113 abuts against the inner side of the rail head of the main line track 91.

[0054] One end of the support shaft 312 is in the shape of a triangular plate and is fastened to the connection end 231a by riveting. The extending direction of the support shaft 312 is parallel to the plane direction of the load wheel connection part 23. The roller component 311 is installed on the support shaft 312 through two bearings 313 and rotates with the support shaft 312 as the rotation axis.

[0055] Figure 6 、 Figure 7 are respectively the perspective view and the cross-sectional view of the odometer.

[0056] As Figure 6 、 Figure 7 shown, the odometer 32 includes an odometer bracket 321, an odometer body 322, a rotating shaft 323, a distance detection unit 324 (distance detection encoder), and two spring assemblies 325.

[0057] Both ends of the rotating shaft 323 are rotatably connected to the odometer wheel bracket 321 respectively. The odometer wheel body 322 is installed on the rotating shaft 323 and rotates synchronously with it. The outer shape of the odometer wheel body 322 is similar to the carrier wheel main body portion 3111 and the carrier wheel chamfer portion 3112 of the carrier wheel body 311, and will not be elaborated here. The odometer wheel body 322 has a fitting groove 3221 inside that matches the distance detection unit 324. The distance detection unit 324 is fitted and installed in the fitting groove 3221 of the odometer wheel body 322 and is also installed on the rotating shaft 323 and rotates synchronously with it. When the detection device 10 is placed on the main line track 91, the odometer wheel body 322 also abuts against the upper surface of the main line track 91. As the detection device 10 moves, the odometer wheel body 322 rotates accordingly, driving the rotating shaft 323 and the distance detection unit 324 to rotate synchronously, and the distance detection unit 324 detects the moving distance.

[0058] The spring assembly 325 includes a connecting column 3251, a socket part 3252, and a spring part 3253.

[0059] Two mounting holes are provided above the odometer wheel bracket 321. Both ends of the connecting column 3251 have a stepped structure. One end is fixedly connected to the connecting end 231a of the moving mechanism connection part 23, and the other end is installed in one of the mounting holes of the odometer wheel bracket 321.

[0060] The socket part 3252 is movably sleeved on the connecting column 3251 and can move along its length direction. One end of the spring part 3253 abuts against the socket part 3252, and the other end abuts against the upper surface of the odometer wheel bracket 321. The upper surface of the socket part 3252 abuts against the connecting end 231a, so that the odometer wheel body 322 can be pressed tightly against the main line track 91 by the elastic force of the spring part 3253.

[0061] Figure 8 It is a perspective view of the track detection unit in this embodiment.

[0062] As Figure 8 shown, the track detection unit 40 includes a housing 41, multiple baffles 42, a handle 47, and a plurality of connection brackets, a plurality of reinforcing brackets, a two-dimensional camera, and four line laser sensors (not shown) provided inside the housing.

[0063] The housing 41 is a metal housing. Along the length direction of the housing 41, one side is in the shape of a cuboid for connecting with the mounting frame 20, and the other side has an inclined portion 411. And one end below the inclined portion 411 further extends from the lower surface of the housing 41 to form a downward protruding portion 411a. There are openings on both sides in the width direction of the housing 41, and baffles 42 made of plastic are detachably installed at the openings on both sides. This can reduce the overall weight of the track detection unit 40, and removing the baffle 42 can facilitate the inspection of the internal sensors and cameras. The handle 47 is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the housing 41 and is held by the inspection personnel when disassembling and assembling the track detection unit 40. In this embodiment, based on the length direction of the housing 41, the handle 47 is installed obliquely, so that when the inspection personnel hold the handle 47 to disassemble the track detection unit 40 as a whole, it can be more stable and the track detection unit 40 is not likely to rotate.

[0064] There is an opening below the housing 41. When the detection device 10 is placed on the main line track 91, there is no obstruction between the two-dimensional camera 45, the four line laser sensors inside the housing 41 and a section of the main line track 91 directly below them.

[0065] In addition, six circular housing connection holes 412 are provided on the housing 41 and are distributed at the edge portions of the two largest surfaces of the housing 41. There are three housing connection holes 412 on one surface, two of which are located on one side in the length direction of the housing 41, and the other is located on one side (lower side) in the height direction of the housing 41. Six detection unit mounting holes 221 of the detection unit connection portion 22 of the mounting body 20 are provided at positions corresponding to the six housing connection holes 412. During installation, the track detection unit 40 is placed at the detection unit connection portion 22, and the housing 41 and the detection unit connection portion 22 partially overlap. Align the six housing connection holes 412 on the housing 41 with the six detection unit mounting holes 221 of the detection unit connection portion 22, and install six indexing pins 48 in the aligned six groups of holes, thereby connecting and fixing the track detection unit 40 to the mounting body 20. At the same time, the indexing pins 48 also have a positioning function and can lock the two track detection units 40 and the mounting body 20 to keep a precise relative position between them, so as to ensure that when the detection device 10 is placed on the track, the two track detection units 40 can be accurately positioned with the corresponding side of the main line track 91.

[0066] Five connecting brackets are fixedly installed inside the housing 41 and are respectively used for fixedly installing four line laser sensors and a two-dimensional camera. In this embodiment, the connecting brackets are in the shape of a cuboid and are provided with relief holes penetrating along their thickness directions. The two ends in the length direction of the connecting brackets are respectively fixedly installed on two surfaces of the housing 41 through a plurality of connecting members (screws), and the line laser sensors and the two-dimensional camera are fixedly installed on the corresponding connecting brackets through a plurality of connecting members (screws). Relative to the top surface of the housing 41, each connecting bracket is installed obliquely.

[0067] A plurality of reinforcing brackets are fixedly installed inside the housing 41 and are used to enhance the structural strength of the housing 41. In this embodiment, the reinforcing brackets are all in an X shape, and their ends are fixedly installed on two surfaces of the housing 41. One relatively large reinforcing bracket is installed at a position close to the top surface of the housing 41, and the other relatively large one is installed inside the inclined portion 411. A plurality of relief holes are also provided on these two relatively large reinforcing brackets. Two relatively small reinforcing brackets are installed near the lower opening of the housing 41.

[0068] The two-dimensional camera is fixedly installed inside the housing 41 through a connecting bracket, and its camera faces downward. When the detection device 10 is placed on the track, the two-dimensional camera faces the upper surface of the track and is used to capture a two-dimensional image of the track, so as to detect the upper surface of the track and the like.

[0069] The four line laser sensors are respectively fixedly installed inside the housing 41 through the corresponding connecting brackets. When the detection device 10 is placed on the main line track, the detection ends of the four line laser sensors all face the main line track 91.

[0070] Figure 9 It is a schematic diagram of the line lasers projected by the four line laser sensors in this embodiment.

[0071] As Figure 9 shown, a two-dimensional camera 45 and four line laser sensors are installed inside the housing 41. For the convenience of description, from the left-to-right direction in Figure 9 this figure, the four line laser sensors are respectively denoted as the first line laser sensor 46a, the second line laser sensor 46b, the third line laser sensor 46c, and the fourth line laser sensor 46d.

[0072] The line lasers projected by the line laser sensors form a fan-shaped plane. The planes of the line lasers projected by the four line laser sensors are coplanar and coplanar with the cross-section of the main line track 91. The line lasers projected by the four laser sensors completely cover the upper surface, the inner surface, and part of the outer surface of the main line track 91. Therefore, through these four line laser sensors, multiple partial profile lines of the same cross-section of the main line track 91 can be obtained, and these multiple partial profile lines can be spliced to form a continuous profile line of the main line track 91, and this profile line is used to detect the profile of the main line track 91.

[0073] In this embodiment, the four line laser sensors have the same model. The four line laser sensors are installed in the same plane, and this plane is coplanar with a cross section of the main line track 91.

[0074] Figure 10 is the profile line diagram obtained by the first line laser sensor in this embodiment.

[0075] As Figure 9 and Figure 10 shown, the first line laser sensor 46a is installed in the protrusion 411a of the housing 41 and is arranged substantially horizontally. When the detection device 10 is placed on the main line track 91, the first line laser sensor 46a is located outside the main line track 91, and the line laser projected by it covers a part of the outer surface of the main line track 91, including the jaw part 91a of the main line track 91. Since it does not contact the jaw part 91a during the train operation, this part is basically not worn, and the profile line of the jaw part 91a has an easily recognizable corner, so the profile line of the jaw part 91a is used as the reference position for profile detection.

[0076] The second line laser sensor 46b is installed obliquely at the top inside the housing 41. When the detection device 10 is placed on the main line track 91, the second line laser sensor 46b is located above and outside the main line track 91, and the line laser projected by it covers a part of the outer surface and the upper surface of the main line track 91, obtaining a corresponding discontinuous profile line.

[0077] Figure 11 is the profile line diagram obtained by the third laser sensor in this embodiment.

[0078] As Figure 9 and Figure 11 shown, the third line laser sensor 46c is installed obliquely at the top inside the housing 41. When the detection device 10 is placed on the main line track 91, the third line laser sensor 46c is located above and inside the main line track 91, and the line laser projected by it covers the upper surface and the inner surface of the main line track 91. Since the structure at the inner rail web is not related to the train running and does not need to be detected, in this embodiment, after obtaining the profile lines of the upper surface and the inner surface of the main line track 91 by the third line laser sensor 46c, only the profile lines of the upper surface and a part of the inner surface (i.e., the side surface at the rail head) connected to the upper surface are retained.

[0079] The fourth line laser sensor 46d is installed obliquely at the top inside the housing 41. When the detection device 10 is placed on the main line track 91, the fourth line laser sensor 46d is located above and inside the main line track 91. The fourth line laser sensor 46d is used to detect the profile of the switch rail inside the main line track 91 and is not used in this embodiment.

[0080] In addition, as Figure 9 shown, there is partial overlap between the profile lines obtained by the second line laser sensor 46b and the profile lines obtained by the third line laser sensor 46c. Similarly, there is also partial overlap between the profile lines obtained by the first line laser sensor 46a and the second line laser sensor 46b; there is also partial overlap between the profile lines obtained by the third line laser sensor 46c and the fourth line laser sensor 46d.

[0081] How The end of the cart handle 50 is rotatably mounted above the frame main body 21 of the mounting frame 20 through a rotating shaft, and this end has a detachable structure.

[0082] Figure 12 Yes Figure 1 An enlarged view of the inner part of the middle frame A.

[0083] As Figure 12 shown, the handle adjusting mechanism 60 is used to adjust the angle of the cart handle 50 relative to the mounting frame 20, so as to facilitate the inspector to push the detection device 10. The handle adjusting mechanism 60 includes an adjusting wrench 61, a pressing assembly 62 and two limiting plates 63. The two limiting plates 63 are respectively installed on both sides of the rotating shaft of the cart handle 50, and clamp one end of the longitudinal rod of the cart handle 50 in the middle. The adjusting wrench 61 and the pressing assembly 62 are respectively installed on the outer sides of the two limiting plates 63. By rotating the adjusting wrench 61, the pressing assembly 62 can be driven to be in a pressing or relaxing state. When in the relaxing state, the inspector can rotate and adjust the angle of the cart handle 50, and then rotate the adjusting wrench 61 to make the pressing assembly 62 return to the pressing state. At this time, the angle of the cart handle 50 is fixed.

[0084] The computing device is communicatively connected to the two-dimensional cameras and line laser sensors in the two track detection units 40, and is used to receive the images of the upper surface of the track obtained by the two-dimensional cameras and the track profile lines obtained by the line laser sensors, and perform calculation and analysis on them to obtain the detection results. Only the computing device carrier 70 for carrying the computing device is shown in the figure, and it is detachably installed on the cross bar at the upper end of the cart handle 50. In this embodiment, the computing device is a laptop computer, and the computing device carrier 70 includes a carrier plate and a hook-shaped protrusion extending from one side of the carrier plate. The laptop computer can be placed on the carrier plate, and one side is fastened by the hook-shaped protrusion.

[0085] During use, the inspector places the inspection device 10 on the main line track 91, adjusts it to a predetermined starting position, starts the corresponding inspection program on the computing device, and pushes the inspection device 10 to move along the track from the starting position. During the movement, the two-dimensional camera 45 captures the upper surface images of multiple positions of the main line track 91, and the four line laser sensors detect the profile lines of multiple cross-sections of the main line track 91. At the same time, during the movement, the odometer wheel 32 measures the moving distance of the inspection device 10. The computing device stores the captured profile lines, upper surface images and the corresponding moving distances in a corresponding manner, and further performs calculation and analysis based on these data to detect the surface defects of the track and their degrees.

[0086] Function and effect of Embodiment 1

[0087] According to the track detection unit 30 and the inspection device 10 provided in this embodiment, including the installation main body 20, at least four line laser sensors and the two-dimensional camera 45, since the four line laser sensors are fixedly installed in the housing 41 according to the pre-designed arrangement and their relative positions are fixed, the position accuracy between the line laser sensors is very high. During the inspection while moving along the track, the position change between the line laser sensors can be effectively avoided, so that a high-precision track profile line can be obtained, which is beneficial to the detection of the track profile; because of the two-dimensional camera 45 and multiple line laser sensors, the track image and the track profile data can be obtained, which can be used for the detection of multiple track projects. In addition, the track detection unit 40 is designed as an independent module and can be disassembled and assembled as a whole, which is convenient for disassembly, installation and maintenance, and can also effectively avoid the position change between the line laser sensors during the maintenance process.

[0088] Furthermore, the first line laser sensor 46a is arranged outside the track, and the partial profile line obtained covers the lower jaw part of the track. Since it does not contact the lower jaw part during the train operation, the lower jaw part is basically not worn, and the profile line of the lower jaw part has an easily recognizable corner. Therefore, obtaining the profile line of the lower jaw part and using it as the reference position for profile detection can improve the accuracy of profile detection.

[0089] Furthermore, there is an overlap between the partial profile lines obtained by two adjacent line laser sensors. When splicing, the splicing accuracy can be improved through the overlapping part, so as to obtain a more accurate track profile line.

[0090] Furthermore, the four line laser sensors 46a - 46d are arranged circumferentially along the track and all face the track. One is arranged outside the track, one is arranged inside the track, one is arranged outside above the track, and one is arranged inside above the track. Moreover, the angles of the respective line laser sensors are appropriate. Therefore, the jointly covered range of the four line laser sensors is larger, and it can be applied to the one-time detection of different types of tracks. For example, at a turnout, it can also effectively cover the switch rail inside the main line track.

[0091] In the embodiment, the four line laser sensors 46a - 46d and the two-dimensional camera 45 are both installed in the housing 41, and the bottom of the housing 41 is open. By doing so, it is possible to effectively block external light sources without affecting the detection, and avoid the influence of external light source changes on the detection. Further, the housing 41 is a metal housing, and there are openings on its two largest surfaces. A baffle 42 made of plastic material is detachably installed at the openings, which can reduce the overall weight of the housing 41. And after removing the baffle 42, it is convenient to inspect and maintain the line laser sensors and the two-dimensional camera 45 inside the housing 41.

[0092] Furthermore, the housing 41 has an inclined portion 411, and the lower part of the inclined portion 411 is a protruding portion 411a. The first line laser sensor 46a is installed substantially horizontally in the protruding portion 411a. In this way, the first line laser sensor 46a can be located outside the track and substantially at the same height as the track, ensuring that it can obtain the profile line of the lower jaw part of the track. And in this way, the size and overall weight of the housing 41 can be reduced while ensuring the light-shielding effect.

[0093] In the embodiment, the housing 41 of the track detection unit 40 and the mounting frame 20 are fixedly connected and positioned through six indexing pins 48. By using the indexing pins 48, the relative position between the track detection unit 40 and the mounting frame 20 is precise. That is, when placed on the track, the relative position between the track detection unit 40 and the track is precise, and a more precise profile line can be obtained. And during the process of the detection personnel pushing the detection device 10 to move, the indexing pins 48 can also maintain the relative position between the track detection unit 40 and the mounting frame 20, thereby improving the detection accuracy during the moving process.

[0094] In the embodiment, the mounting frame 20 is placed on the track through the moving mechanism 30. The moving mechanism 30 includes four load wheels 31 and two odometer wheels 32. The odometer wheels 32 are arranged between the two load wheels 31 on one side, and the odometer wheels 32 include spring assemblies 325, which can press the odometer wheel brackets 321 and the odometer wheel bodies 322 against the track. In the prior art, the encoder is directly installed in the load wheel. When the load wheel slips or jolts due to rail surface defects, the distance measurement will be inaccurate, affecting the profile detection. In this embodiment, the odometer wheels 32 are independent of the load wheels 31. Even if the load wheels 31 slip, etc., the odometer wheel bodies 322 can still be pressed against the rail surface through the spring assemblies 325, so that an accurate distance can be measured, and thus the accuracy of the profile detection can be guaranteed.

[0095] In the embodiment, a detachable and angle-adjustable trolley handle 50 is installed on the mounting frame 20. Therefore, the inspector can conveniently adjust the angle of the trolley handle 50, so as to push the detection device 10 more stably and labor-savingly.

[0096] In the embodiment, the detection device 10 further includes a computing device (laptop computer), which is placed on the placement rack 70 at the upper end of the trolley handle 50. Therefore, during the pushing process, the inspector can also conveniently observe the data acquisition situation through the computing device and perform timely maintenance and adjustment when problems occur in data acquisition.

[0097] <Embodiment 2>

[0098] In this embodiment, the track includes a main line track and a switch rail on one side of the main line track.

[0099] Figure 14 It is a schematic structural diagram of the track in this embodiment.

[0100] As Figure 14 shown, the switch rail 92 is arranged inside the main line track 91 (stock rail). In this embodiment, the detection device 10 is used to detect the profiles of the main line track and the switch rail on one side thereof.

[0101] Figure 15 It is a profile diagram obtained by the third-line laser sensor in this embodiment.

[0102] As Figure 15 shown, when there is a switch rail 92, the third-line laser sensor 46c is located above the switch rail 92, and the obtained profile line includes the profile line of the upper surface of the main line track 91 and the profile line of the upper end surface of the switch rail 92.

[0103] When there is a switch rail 92, the profile lines obtained by the fourth-line laser sensor 46d include the profile lines of the upper end surface and the inner surface of the switch rail 92. The profile lines obtained by the third-line laser sensor 46c and the fourth-line laser sensor 46d also partially overlap, and can be spliced into a continuous profile line of the switch rail 92.

[0104] In addition, guard rails and tongue rails are also provided at the turnout. Since the carrier wheel body 311 of the carrier wheel 31 has a carrier wheel chamfer portion 3112, it can avoid the guard rail and enable the detection device 10 to pass smoothly. Before entering the tongue rail, the carrier wheel 31 will have a suspended distance. The carrier wheel chamfer portion 3112 can also guide the carrier wheel 31 to smoothly enter the tongue rail and prevent the tip of the tongue rail from directly hitting the carrier wheel 31, making the measurement of the odometer wheel 32 more accurate.

[0105] Therefore, the detection device 10 of this embodiment can be used at the stock rail and the turnout to detect the profiles of the stock rail and the switch rail.

[0106] In this embodiment, other structures are the same as those in Embodiment 1 and will not be repeated.

[0107] <Embodiment 3>

[0108] In this embodiment, the track detection unit 30 includes five line laser sensors. The settings of the first to fourth line laser sensors are the same as those in Embodiment 1 and will not be elaborated. The fifth line laser sensor is mainly used for detecting corrugations on the upper surface of the track and can also assist in other function detections, such as assisting in detecting the rail gap of the main line track.

[0109] Figure 15 It is a schematic diagram of the line laser projected by the fifth line laser sensor in this embodiment.

[0110] As Figure 15 shown, the fifth line laser sensor 46e is also installed at the inner top of the housing 41 through a connecting bracket and is located beside the two-dimensional camera 45. The fifth line laser sensor 46e is arranged substantially vertically. The fifth line laser sensor 46e is installed perpendicular to other line laser sensors. The plane of the line laser projected by it is perpendicular to the planes of the line lasers projected by other laser sensors, and is also perpendicular to the cross-section of the main line track 91, that is, parallel to the extension direction of the main line track 91. The plane of the line laser projected by the fifth line laser sensor 46e intersects the upper surface of the main line track 91, and the end face line of the upper surface of the main line track 91 is obtained.

[0111] Therefore, by driving the detection device 10 to perform detection and splicing the end face lines obtained by the fifth line laser sensor 46e, multiple continuous straight lines can be obtained, and the gap between two adjacent straight lines is the position of the rail gap, so that the rail gap can be detected. In addition, if there are partial defects on the upper surface of the main line track 91, they can also be reflected by the end face line. For example, if there is a missing block on the upper surface, the end face line at the corresponding position will have a curved section, and combining this end face line will be able to better analyze various defects on the upper surface of the track.

[0112] In this embodiment, other structures are the same as those in the first embodiment, and will not be repeated here.

[0113] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the specific implementation manners of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the description scope of the above embodiments.

[0114] In the above embodiment, each detection unit 41 includes a two-dimensional camera 45 for photographing the upper surface of the rail to obtain the corresponding image. In an alternative solution, according to different detection requirements, each detection unit 41 may also include two or more two-dimensional cameras 45.

Claims

1. A detection device for being placed on an orbit and detecting the profile and upper surface of the orbit, characterized in that, Comprising: An installation carriage, movably mounted on the two tracks; Two track detection units, detachably mounted on the installation carriage, respectively used for acquiring the profile lines and upper surface images of the two tracks; Four load-bearing wheels, respectively mounted on both sides of the installation carriage, respectively corresponding to the two steel rails; And Two odometer wheels, the odometer wheels are located between the two load-bearing wheels on one side, and are used for measuring the moving distance, Wherein, the track detection unit includes: An installation main body, arranged above the track; At least four line laser sensors, all fixedly mounted on the installation main body and facing the track, arranged circumferentially along the track, respectively used for acquiring partial profile lines of the track, and the planes of the line lasers projected by them are coplanar and coplanar with the cross-section of the track; and A two-dimensional camera, fixedly mounted on the installation main body, used for acquiring the image of the track, Wherein, the second and third line laser sensors are located above the track, The first and fourth line laser sensors are respectively located outside and inside the track, The partial profile line acquired by the first line laser sensor covers the lower jaw part of the track, and this lower jaw part is used as the reference position for profile detection, There is an overlap between the partial profile lines acquired by two adjacent line laser sensors, and the partial profile lines acquired by the four laser sensors are spliced to form the continuous profile line of the track, The odometer wheel includes: An odometer wheel bracket; An odometer wheel body, connected to the odometer wheel bracket through a rotating shaft and rotating synchronously with the rotating shaft, and having a fitting groove inside; A distance detection encoder, matching with the fitting groove and mounted in the fitting groove, and also mounted on the rotating shaft, rotating synchronously with the rotating shaft; and Two spring assemblies, the spring assemblies include connecting columns, sleeve parts and spring parts, Wherein, one end of the connecting column is connected to the odometer wheel bracket, and the other end is connected to the installation carriage, The sleeve part is movably sleeved on the connecting column, and its upper surface abuts against the installation carriage, One end of the spring part abuts against the sleeve part, and the other end abuts against the upper surface of the odometer wheel bracket, so as to press the odometer wheel body against the track.

2. The detection device according to claim 1, wherein: Among them, The second line laser sensor is located outside and above the track, and the partial profile line acquired by it covers the partial outer surface and the upper surface of the track, The third line laser sensor is located inside and above the track, and the partial profile line acquired by it covers the partial inner surface and the upper surface of the track.

3. The detection device according to claim 1, wherein: Among them, The track includes a main track and a switch rail arranged on one side of the main track, The third line laser sensor is located inside and above the switch rail, and the partial profile line acquired by it covers the upper surface of the main track, the upper surface of the switch rail and the partial inner surface, The fourth line laser sensor is located inside the switch rail, and the partial profile line acquired by it covers the partial inner surface of the switch rail.

4. The detection device according to claim 1, It is characterized in that: Wherein, the installation main body includes: A housing with an opening at the bottom; A plurality of connecting brackets installed inside the housing and respectively used for fixedly installing each of the line laser sensors; and A plurality of reinforcing brackets fixedly installed inside the housing for strengthening the structural strength of the housing.

5. The detection device according to claim 4, characterized in that: Among them, One end of the housing has a protruding portion protruding towards the track, When the detection device is placed on the track, the protruding portion is located outside the track, The first line laser sensor is installed inside the protruding portion.

6. The detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that It further includes: The fifth line laser sensor, located above the track, the plane of the line laser projected by it is perpendicular to the cross-section of the track, and is used to obtain the end face line of the upper surface of the track, and this end face line is used to detect the corrugation of the upper surface of the track.

7. The detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, It further includes: The number of the two-dimensional cameras is more than two.

8. The detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Among them, The installation main body of the track detection unit and the installation vehicle frame are connected and positioned through a plurality of indexing pins, so that the installation main body is located above the corresponding track, and a plurality of line laser sensors installed on the installation main body are arranged circumferentially along the track.

9. The detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, It further includes: A cart handle detachably and rotatably installed on the installation vehicle frame for a detection operator to push the detection device; A handle adjustment mechanism arranged at the connection position between the cart handle and the installation vehicle frame for adjusting the angle of the cart handle relative to the installation vehicle frame; And A computing device installed on the installation vehicle frame and communicatively connected to the line laser sensors and the two-dimensional cameras in the two track detection units, for receiving the profile line obtained by the line laser sensors and the upper surface image obtained by the two-dimensional cameras, and performing calculation and analysis based on the profile line and the upper surface image.

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