A blood lead source resolution system and method

Abstract

The present application relates to a blood lead source analysis system and method, belonging to the technical field of environmental health, solves the problems of low efficiency and insufficient refinement of the existing blood lead tracing system and method. The system comprises a database unit, a detection unit, a screening unit and an analysis unit; the database unit is provided with a blood lead limit value database, an environmental medium lead isotope database, an environmental medium lead exposure contact database and an investigation object basic information database; the detection unit is provided with a blood lead isotope detection system; the screening unit is provided with a data extraction system; the analysis unit is provided with a preliminary analysis module and a mixed analysis module, and the mixed analysis module is provided with an isotope ratio mixed analysis model and a source contribution rate calculation model. The system of the present application is high in efficiency and high in refinement degree.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of environmental health technology, and in particular to a system and method for analyzing the sources of blood lead. Background Technology

[0002] Lead is a non-essential element for the human body, widely present in various environmental media and the food chain. It can accumulate in organisms and easily enters the body through the digestive tract, respiratory tract, and skin contact. Lead can have toxic effects on both the central and peripheral nervous systems. Furthermore, it affects the blood system, kidneys, cardiovascular system, endocrine system, immune system, gastrointestinal tract, and reproductive system. Studies have found that lead has an adverse effect on the intellectual development of infants and children. Blood lead is widely used as a biomarker of lead load in the human body; therefore, source tracing studies of blood lead are essential to better determine the sources of blood lead in the human body and provide more precise recommendations for source control in public health protection.

[0003] There are four lead isotopes in nature, namely: 204 Pb, 206 Pb, 207 Pb and 208 Fingerprints of lead (Pb), a stable lead isotope in the environment, are commonly used to trace natural and anthropogenic sources. Current blood lead detection and tracing systems and methods involve collecting blood samples from the surveyed population and environmental samples from their surroundings. The total lead content and lead isotope concentrations in both samples are measured. The total lead content in the blood is used to determine if the blood lead level exceeds the standard, while the similarity of the lead isotope concentration ratios between the blood and environmental samples is used to determine the source of the lead in the blood. These systems and methods have the following drawbacks: 1. The blood lead source analysis results are not comprehensive or detailed; 2. They require extensive environmental monitoring, resulting in low efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Based on the above analysis, the embodiments of the present invention aim to provide a blood lead source analysis system and method to solve the problems of low efficiency and insufficient precision of existing blood lead tracing systems and methods.

[0005] On one hand, embodiments of the present invention provide a blood lead source analysis system, which includes a database unit, a detection unit, a screening unit, and an analysis unit;

[0006] The database unit includes a blood lead limit database, an environmental lead isotope database, an environmental lead exposure database, and a basic information database of the survey subjects.

[0007] The detection unit is equipped with a blood lead isotope detection system, which is used to detect the concentration of lead isotopes in blood samples.

[0008] The screening unit is equipped with a data extraction system. The data extraction system is used to extract environmental media lead isotope concentration data that matches the characteristics of the survey subjects from the environmental media lead isotope database in the database unit, and to extract exposure exposure data that matches the characteristics of the survey subjects from the environmental media lead exposure database in the database unit, based on the characteristics of the survey subjects in the basic information database of the survey subjects in the database unit.

[0009] The parsing unit is equipped with a preliminary parsing module and a hybrid parsing module;

[0010] The preliminary analysis module is used to screen three environmental media based on the similarity of isotope ratio characteristics, according to the blood lead isotope detection results obtained by the detection unit and the environmental media lead isotope concentration data that conforms to the characteristics of the investigated subjects extracted by the screening unit. The mixed analysis module is equipped with an isotope ratio mixed analysis model and a source contribution rate calculation model. The isotope ratio mixed analysis model is used to calculate the overall contribution ratio of each environmental media screened by the preliminary analysis module. The source contribution rate calculation model is used to calculate the source contribution rate of each environmental media sub-category or exposure pathway screened by the preliminary analysis module based on the overall contribution ratio calculated by the isotope ratio mixed analysis model and the exposure data extracted by the screening unit.

[0011] Preferably, the blood lead source analysis system further includes a discrimination unit, which is used to determine whether the total blood lead concentration exceeds the standard and to select whether to enter the analysis unit based on the blood lead isotope detection results obtained by the detection unit.

[0012] Preferably, the blood lead source analysis system further includes an output unit, which is used to output the results of the discrimination unit and the analysis unit.

[0013] Preferably, the discrimination unit is provided with a judgment module and a selection module that are sequentially associated. The judgment module is used to compare the total blood lead concentration with the blood lead limit in the blood lead limit database that matches the basic information of the survey subjects in the basic information database of the survey subjects, based on the blood lead isotope detection results obtained by the detection unit, and to determine whether the total blood lead concentration exceeds the standard. The selection module is used to select whether to output the data to the parsing unit or the output unit.

[0014] Preferably, the judgment module is equipped with a blood lead concentration calculation model, and the calculation formula is:

[0015]

[0016] Among them, C total This refers to the total blood lead concentration. for204 The concentration of Pb, for 206 The concentration of Pb, for 207 The concentration of Pb, for 208 The concentration of Pb.

[0017] Preferably, the discrimination unit is further provided with a health impact information processing module, and the database unit is further provided with a health information database. The health impact information processing module is used to extract and process health impact information data from the health information database based on the blood lead isotope detection results obtained by the detection unit, and input the health impact information data into the output unit.

[0018] Preferably, the data extraction system includes an environmental medium lead isotope concentration data extraction module and an exposure exposure data extraction module; the environmental medium lead isotope concentration data extraction module is used to extract environmental medium lead isotope concentration data that conforms to the characteristics of the survey subjects from the environmental medium lead isotope database based on the activity area and surrounding environment of the survey subjects; the exposure exposure data extraction module is used to extract the exposure contribution ratio that conforms to the characteristics of the survey subjects from the environmental medium lead exposure exposure database based on the basic information of the survey subjects.

[0019] Preferably, the data extraction system also includes an environmental medium exposure level calculation model and an exposure contribution ratio (RSC) calculation model, wherein the formula for calculating the exposure contribution ratio (RSC) is:

[0020]

[0021] Among them, RSC i For the contribution ratio of exposure to various environmental media, ADD i For each environmental medium exposure level, ∑ADD i This represents the sum of exposure levels to all environmental media.

[0022] Preferably, in the isotope ratio mixed analytical model, the calculation formula is:

[0023]

[0024]

[0025] 1 = P1 + P2 + P3 Equation (5);

[0026] in, and P1 represents the ratio of lead isotope concentrations in the blood, P2 represents the overall contribution ratio of the first environmental medium, P3 represents the overall contribution ratio of the second environmental medium, and P4 represents the overall contribution ratio of the third environmental medium.

[0027] On the other hand, embodiments of the present invention provide a method for analyzing the source of blood lead, wherein the method is performed in the blood lead source analysis system of the present invention, and includes:

[0028] Blood samples were collected from the subjects of the investigation, and the blood lead isotope detection results were obtained through the blood lead isotope detection system in the detection unit.

[0029] The data extraction system in the screening unit extracts environmental media lead isotope concentration data that matches the characteristics of the survey subjects from the environmental media lead isotope database in the database unit, and extracts exposure exposure data that matches the characteristics of the survey subjects from the environmental media lead exposure database in the database unit, based on the survey subject characteristics in the survey subject basic information database in the database unit.

[0030] The preliminary analysis module in the analysis unit selects three environmental media based on the similarity of lead isotope concentration ratio characteristics according to the blood lead isotope detection results obtained by the detection unit and the environmental media lead isotope concentration data that conform to the characteristics of the survey subjects extracted by the screening unit. The hybrid analysis module in the analysis unit obtains the isotope ratio hybrid analysis model and calculates the overall contribution ratio of each environmental media selected by the preliminary analysis module.

[0031] The hybrid analysis module in the analysis unit obtains the source contribution rate calculation model based on the overall contribution ratio calculated by the isotope ratio hybrid analysis model and the exposure data that conforms to the characteristics of the survey subjects extracted by the screening unit, and calculates the source contribution rate of each type of environmental medium or exposure pathway screened by the preliminary analysis module.

[0032] Compared with the prior art, the present invention can achieve at least one of the following beneficial effects:

[0033] (1) This invention combines blood lead detection, source analysis and database to propose a blood lead source analysis system and method that includes the entire chain and process from source to exposure to blood lead. The system and method have strong operability and scalability, and provide an operable system that is complete and systematic from detection to analysis. It can provide technical support for the rapid detection of human lead health risks and the identification of environmental factors that cause health risks, and provide scientific guidance for the formulation of policies for the prevention and control of heavy metal lead pollution and the protection of human health.

[0034] (2) In the system of the present invention, the judgment module is equipped with a blood lead total concentration calculation model. The total amount of lead is calculated by lead isotope concentration, and only lead isotope detection is required. The system of the present invention includes a discrimination unit and an analysis unit, which can both judge the blood lead total concentration and perform blood lead isotope analysis. The present invention introduces the actual exposure of the population to lead in the environmental medium into the source analysis process, and refines the environmental medium and / or exposure path to make the source analysis results more precise. At the same time, the present invention combines blood lead source analysis with a database, avoiding the drawback of having to conduct a large number of environmental tests for each source analysis in the prior art, and significantly improving the efficiency of source analysis.

[0035] (3) The present invention sets up a detection unit and a discrimination unit. When collecting blood from the subjects of the investigation, the first sample collected is the easily obtainable peripheral blood sample. If the blood lead level in the peripheral blood exceeds the standard, a venous blood sample is then collected for retesting. This avoids collecting venous blood, which is more difficult to obtain, and can also achieve the accuracy of judging whether the blood lead level exceeds the standard.

[0036] In this invention, the above-described technical solutions can be combined with each other to achieve more preferred combinations. Other features and advantages of this invention will be set forth in the following description, and some advantages may become apparent from the description or be learned by practicing the invention. The objects and other advantages of this invention can be realized and obtained from what is particularly pointed out in the description and drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0037] The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the invention. Throughout the drawings, the same reference numerals denote the same parts.

[0038] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the method for analyzing the source of blood lead in this invention;

[0039] Figure 2 Flowchart for establishing a database and collecting information on survey subjects;

[0040] Figure 3 Flowchart for blood lead isotope testing;

[0041] Figure 4 Flowchart for the identification and analysis of elevated blood lead levels;

[0042] Figure 5 Flowchart for screening data on environmental media exposure and lead isotopes;

[0043] Figure 6 This is a flowchart for source analysis. Detailed Implementation

[0044] Preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which form part of this application and are used together with the embodiments of the present invention to illustrate the principles of the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0045] Existing blood lead detection and tracing methods have the following drawbacks: 1. Existing methods for analyzing the source of human blood lead use lead isotope tracing, which typically employs isotope ratios during the blood lead tracing process. 208 Pb / 206 Pb and 207 Pb / 206 The method of comparing Pb with isotope ratios in environmental media to determine its source only reflects the two-step process from source to result, ignoring the actual exposure process of the population. It does not consider the actual exposure of the population to lead in environmental media, that is, it does not consider the proportion of this type of environmental media actually encountered by the surveyed population in all the environmental media they are exposed to in their daily lives. The analysis results can only reflect the contribution of the source, and cannot give specific exposure behaviors or more detailed contributions of environmental media. 2. A large amount of environmental monitoring is needed for source analysis, and the efficiency of the analysis needs to be improved.

[0046] Therefore, the present invention provides a blood lead source analysis system, which includes a database unit, a detection unit, a screening unit, and an analysis unit.

[0047] (1) The database unit includes a blood lead limit database, an environmental lead isotope database, an environmental lead exposure database, and a basic information database of the survey subjects; the database unit also includes a health information database.

[0048] In the database unit, the blood lead limit database includes blood lead concentration limit data stipulated by different countries or regions; the health information database includes data on the health effects of different concentrations of lead in environmental media on different populations; the environmental media lead isotope database includes concentration data of each lead isotope in different environmental media; the environmental media lead exposure database includes exposure information data of different populations in different environmental media; and the survey subject basic information database includes basic information of the survey subjects, activity areas, and surrounding environmental data.

[0049] Specifically, the blood lead limit database is used as a basis for determining whether blood lead levels exceed the standard. Blood lead concentration limit data can be collected by consulting literature and incorporated into the blood lead limit database based on the latest limit standards stipulated by different countries or regions. The blood lead concentration limit data is stored in the blood lead limit database according to different countries or regions.

[0050] The health information database is used to determine the health impact of lead pollution. It incorporates data on the health impact of lead pollution published by authoritative institutions and literature over the past decade. The health impact data caused by lead pollution includes the health effects on the population caused by lead in the environment, that is, what diseases will occur in the population after exposure to lead in the environmental medium, and the different health effects when the concentration of lead exposed is different. It includes not only data but also textual information, and is classified, statistically analyzed and stored according to the concentration of lead and the affected population.

[0051] The Environmental Media Lead Isotope Database and the Environmental Media Lead Exposure Database are used to analyze the sources of blood lead. The environmental media lead isotope concentration data in the Environmental Media Lead Isotope Database and the population lead exposure information in the Environmental Media Lead Exposure Database are based on large-scale national or local surveys, supplemented by smaller-scale studies, and include research results published by the state or in authoritative journals within the past decade. The Environmental Media Lead Exposure Database includes multiple subcategories of environmental media and multiple exposure pathways, which are stored under the broader categories. Specifically, the environmental media include drinking water, soil, dust, air, and diet; among the subcategories, drinking water includes surface water and groundwater, soil includes soil from construction sites and agricultural land, dust includes outdoor and indoor dust, air includes ambient air, indoor air, and air from traffic environments, and diet includes staple foods, vegetables, and fruits.

[0052] In this invention, the exposure information data in the environmental lead exposure database refers to the pathways and amounts of lead exposure in the population to environmental media, as well as the contribution ratio of different environmental media to the population's environmental lead exposure, indicating the exposure characteristics of the population. Specifically, the exposure information data includes exposure pathways, exposure concentrations, exposure amounts, exposure contribution ratios, and basic population characteristics. The basic population characteristics include gender, age, region, height, weight, etc., and the exposure pathways include: respiratory tract, digestive tract, and skin contact.

[0053] The basic information database of the survey subjects is used to extract environmental lead isotope information and environmental lead exposure characteristics of the survey subjects during the blood lead source analysis process, based on the characteristics of the basic information data of the survey subjects. Specifically, the basic information of the survey subjects includes age, gender, height, weight, occupation, and time activity patterns; the activity areas of the survey subjects include their place of residence and daily activity range; the surrounding environment of the survey subjects includes the characteristics of surrounding factories and roads in their living or working areas.

[0054] To ensure the accuracy of the basic information data of the survey respondents, an outlier detection unit is also included in the database. This unit is used to determine the accuracy of the input basic information of the survey respondents. For example, after the basic information is entered, outlier detection criteria are set for different basic information variables. If an outlier is encountered, the system returns to the data input stage to re-enter the data for the outlier. Outlier detection is divided into two types: logical errors and unit errors. A logical error is like stating a height as 2.8m when it is actually 1.8m, indicating an error in variable input. A unit error is like stating a weight as 180kg when it is actually 180 jin, indicating an error in the unit of the variable input. After outlier detection and correction, the data is entered into the database, constructing the basic information database of the survey respondents.

[0055] In this invention, in order to improve the accuracy of source analysis, the data information in each database must be kept accurate. Therefore, the data information in the blood lead limit database, health information database, environmental media lead isotope database, and environmental media lead exposure database are updated as relevant standards and literature are updated, and the information in the basic information database of the survey subjects is updated as the survey subjects are different.

[0056] Specifically, such as Figure 2 As shown, the database establishment includes data collection and data selection. During data collection and selection, data is searched through the internet or literature to include blood lead concentration limit data in the blood lead limit database, lead concentration data and its health effects in the health information database, lead isotope information in environmental media in the environmental media lead isotope database, and environmental exposure information in the environmental media lead exposure database. Through data input, the basic information of the survey subjects (including basic information, activity area, and surrounding environment) is included in the survey subject basic information database. During the inclusion process, an outlier detection unit is used to identify and correct outliers before the data is entered into the database, thus constructing the survey subject basic information database. In data management, the judgment and selection modules of the discrimination unit are associated with the blood lead limit database and the health information database; the source analysis unit is associated with the health information database, the environmental media lead isotope database, the environmental media lead exposure database, and the survey subject basic information database; and the screening unit is associated with the health information database, the environmental media lead isotope database, the environmental media lead exposure database, and the survey subject basic information database. Meanwhile, the results from the source resolution unit can be used for data updates in the database.

[0057] (2) The detection unit is equipped with a blood lead isotope detection system, which is used to detect the concentration of lead isotopes in blood samples.

[0058] The blood lead isotope detection system is a conventional blood lead detection system in this field.

[0059] (3) The blood lead source analysis system further includes a discrimination unit, which is used to determine whether the total blood lead concentration exceeds the standard and to select whether to enter the analysis unit based on the blood lead isotope detection results obtained by the detection unit. The blood lead source analysis system also includes an output unit, which is used to output the results of the discrimination unit and the analysis unit.

[0060] The discrimination unit includes a judgment module and a selection module. The judgment module is used to compare the total blood lead concentration with the blood lead limit in the blood lead limit database that matches the basic information of the survey subjects in the basic information database of the survey subjects, based on the blood lead isotope detection results obtained by the detection unit, and to determine whether the total blood lead concentration exceeds the standard. The selection module is used to select whether to output the data to the parsing unit or the output unit.

[0061] The judgment module includes a blood lead concentration calculation model, and the calculation formula is as follows:

[0062]

[0063] Among them, C total This refers to the total blood lead concentration. for 204 The concentration of Pb, for 206 The concentration of Pb, for 207 The concentration of Pb, for 208 The concentration of Pb.

[0064] The discrimination unit is further provided with a health impact information processing module, which is used to extract and process health impact information data from the health information database based on the blood lead isotope detection results obtained by the detection unit, and input the health impact information data into the output unit.

[0065] (4) The screening unit is equipped with a data extraction system. The data extraction system is used to extract environmental media lead isotope concentration data that matches the characteristics of the survey subjects from the environmental media lead isotope database in the database unit, and to extract exposure exposure data that matches the characteristics of the survey subjects from the environmental media lead exposure database in the database unit, based on the characteristics of the survey subjects in the basic information database of the survey subjects in the database unit.

[0066] Specifically, the data extraction system includes an environmental medium lead isotope concentration data extraction module and an exposure exposure data extraction module. The environmental medium lead isotope concentration data extraction module is used to extract environmental medium lead isotope concentration data that matches the characteristics of the survey subjects from the environmental medium lead isotope database based on the activity area and surrounding environment of the survey subjects. The exposure exposure data extraction module is used to extract the exposure contribution ratio that matches the characteristics of the survey subjects from the environmental medium lead exposure exposure database based on the basic information of the survey subjects.

[0067] The data extraction system also includes an environmental media exposure level calculation model and an exposure contribution ratio calculation model. When there is no exposure contribution ratio matching the characteristics of the survey subjects in the environmental media lead exposure database, the exposure contribution ratio is calculated using the environmental media exposure level calculation model and the exposure contribution ratio calculation model. The formula for calculating the exposure contribution ratio (RSC) is as follows:

[0068]

[0069] Among them, RSC i For the contribution ratio of exposure to various environmental media, ADD i For each environmental medium exposure level, ∑ADD i This represents the sum of exposure levels to all environmental media.

[0070] The Environmental Exposure Level (ADD) refers to the amount of exposure to environmental media. The definition of exposure varies for different environmental media, but generally it is the exposure level obtained by quantifying the cumulative lead concentration in the environmental media during the exposure period (calculated by equation (1)). The Environmental Exposure Level (ADD) can be obtained according to the conventional calculation model of exposure in this field. Since the definition of exposure varies for different environmental media, the calculation model of the Environmental Exposure Level will not be elaborated here.

[0071] (5) The parsing unit is equipped with a preliminary parsing module and a hybrid parsing module;

[0072] The preliminary analysis module is used to screen three environmental media based on the similarity of isotope ratio characteristics, according to the blood lead isotope detection results obtained by the detection unit and the environmental media lead isotope concentration data that conforms to the characteristics of the investigated subjects extracted by the screening unit. The mixed analysis module is equipped with an isotope ratio mixed analysis model and a source contribution rate calculation model. The isotope ratio mixed analysis model is used to calculate the overall contribution ratio of each environmental media screened by the preliminary analysis module. The source contribution rate calculation model is used to calculate the source contribution rate of the sub-category of environmental media or exposure pathways of each environmental media screened by the preliminary analysis module based on the overall contribution ratio calculated by the isotope ratio mixed analysis model and the exposure data extracted by the screening unit.

[0073] The preliminary analysis module includes an isotope ratio calculation module for calculating the isotope concentration ratio between blood and the environment. 208 Pb / 206 Pb and 207 Pb / 206 Pb.

[0074] In the aforementioned isotope ratio mixed analytical model, the calculation formula is as follows:

[0075]

[0076]

[0077] 1 = P1 + P2 + P3 Equation (5);

[0078] in, and P1 represents the ratio of lead isotope concentrations in the blood, P2 represents the overall contribution ratio of the first environmental medium, P3 represents the overall contribution ratio of the second environmental medium, and P4 represents the overall contribution ratio of the third environmental medium.

[0079] The formula for calculating the contribution rate of a source is as follows:

[0080]

[0081]

[0082]

[0083] Among them, Z fi Z represents the source contribution rate of the i-th subclass of environmental media or exposure pathway in the first type of environmental media. gi Z represents the source contribution rate of the i-th subclass of environmental media or exposure pathway in the second type of environmental media. hi Let P1 be the overall contribution rate of the first environmental medium, P2 be the overall contribution rate of the second environmental medium, and P3 be the overall contribution rate of the third environmental medium. The exposure contribution ratio of the i-th subclass of environmental media or exposure pathway in the first type of environmental medium. The exposure contribution ratio of the i-th subclass of environmental media or exposure pathway in the second type of environmental media. This represents the exposure contribution ratio of the i-th subclass of environmental media or exposure pathway within the third type of environmental medium, and

[0084] This invention also provides a method for analyzing the source of blood lead, such as... Figures 1-6As shown, the blood lead source analysis method is performed in the blood lead source analysis system of the present invention, and includes:

[0085] (1) Collect blood samples from the subjects of the investigation, and obtain the blood lead isotope detection results through the blood lead isotope detection system in the detection unit; the blood lead isotope detection results include each lead isotope in the blood. 204 Pb, 206 Pb, 207 Pb and 208 Pb concentration data. Input the lead isotope concentration into the judgment module of the discrimination unit.

[0086] In this invention, the total blood lead concentration of peripheral blood samples is calculated using a blood lead concentration calculation model in the judgment module. The judgment module extracts blood lead concentration limits matching the characteristics of the survey subjects from the blood lead limit database based on the survey subject's basic information database, and determines whether the total blood lead concentration of peripheral blood exceeds the limit. If it does, a venous blood sample from the survey subject is collected for retesting. Then, the selection module allows users to choose whether to perform analysis. If analysis is not performed, the health impact information processing module extracts and processes health impact information data from the health information database based on the blood lead isotope concentration obtained by the detection unit, and inputs this health impact information data into the output unit. If analysis is performed, the process proceeds to the filtering and analysis units.

[0087] Specifically, such as Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, in the blood sample collection of the survey subjects, firstly, peripheral blood samples are collected from the subjects, and then the blood lead isotope detection system in the detection unit is used to detect each lead isotope in the peripheral blood. 204 Pb, 206 Pb, 207 Pb and 208For Pb concentration data, the method for detecting lead isotopes in blood can be a conventional method in the field, such as multi-channel receiving inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS), thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), inductively coupled plasma quadrupole mass spectrometry (ICP-QMS), high-resolution sector magnetic field plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-SFMS), time-of-flight plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-TOP-MS), or other faster detection methods; obtain a blood lead total concentration calculation model to calculate the blood lead total concentration in peripheral blood; the judgment module extracts blood lead concentration limits that match the characteristics of the survey subjects from the blood lead limit database based on the characteristics of the survey subjects, identifies whether the blood lead total concentration in peripheral blood exceeds the standard, if it does not exceed the standard, outputs the concentration data to the selection module; if it exceeds the standard, a venous blood sample is collected from the survey subjects for retesting, if the retest result also exceeds the standard, the concentration data is output to the selection module. After blood lead isotope testing, the user can choose whether to perform blood lead source analysis based on the actual situation in the selection module. If blood lead source analysis is not performed, the total blood lead concentration is calculated based on the blood lead isotope data. The health impact information processing module combines the total blood lead concentration data with the health information database to obtain data on the health impact, and the health results are input to the survey subject result receiving terminal in the input / output unit. If blood lead source analysis is performed, the user proceeds to the screening and analysis units. Choosing whether to perform blood lead source analysis based on the actual situation means that the decision is made based on the wishes of professionals or the survey subject themselves.

[0088] In existing technologies, venous blood samples are typically collected from the subjects of the study. However, venous blood collection is relatively difficult. Compared with existing technologies, this invention first collects easily obtainable capillary blood samples. If the capillary blood sample shows elevated lead levels, a venous blood sample is then collected for retesting to accurately determine the lead level. This approach minimizes the need for difficult-to-obtain venous blood samples while still achieving accurate assessment of lead levels. The capillary blood sample can be a fingertip blood sample.

[0089] In addition, in the existing technology, the judgment of excessive blood lead content and the analysis of blood lead isotopes are carried out separately, which is a repetitive and cumbersome process. In this invention, the total lead content is calculated by the lead isotope concentration, and only the lead isotope is detected. This method can be used to judge whether the total blood lead content exceeds the standard and to perform blood lead isotope analysis.

[0090] (2) Based on the selection of source analysis in the selection module, the data extraction system in the screening unit extracts environmental media lead isotope concentration data that matches the characteristics of the survey subjects from the environmental media lead isotope database in the database unit according to the characteristics of the survey subjects in the basic information database of the survey subjects in the database unit, and extracts exposure exposure data that matches the characteristics of the survey subjects from the environmental media lead exposure database in the database unit.

[0091] Specifically, the environmental media lead isotope concentration data extraction module in the screening unit extracts environmental media lead isotope concentration data that matches the characteristics of the survey subjects from the environmental media lead isotope database based on the activity area and surrounding environment of the survey subjects. The exposure exposure data extraction module extracts exposure contribution ratios that match the characteristics of the survey subjects from the environmental media lead exposure exposure database based on the basic information of the survey subjects. If there are no exposure contribution ratios that match the characteristics of the survey subjects in the environmental media lead exposure exposure database, the exposure contribution ratio is calculated according to the exposure contribution ratio calculation model.

[0092] More specifically, such as Figure 5 As shown, the environmental lead isotope concentration data extraction module extracts environmental lead isotope concentration data that matches the characteristics of the survey subjects from the environmental lead isotope database based on the activity area and surrounding environment of the survey subjects. For example, if the activity area of ​​the survey subjects is Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province, the filtered results will be environmental lead isotope concentration data for Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province. If the database does not include Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province, the results from the nearest region will be used as the filtered results. Based on the selected activity area, the exposure exposure data extraction module extracts the exposure contribution ratio that matches the characteristics of the survey subjects from the environmental lead exposure exposure database based on the basic information of the survey subjects. The environmental media extracted from the environmental lead isotope database correspond to the environmental media extracted from the environmental lead exposure exposure database.

[0093] If there is no exposure contribution ratio data in the environmental medium lead exposure database, an environmental medium exposure level calculation model is obtained based on the selected environmental medium lead isotope concentration data that meets the characteristics of the survey subjects, the environmental medium exposure level is calculated, and based on the environmental medium exposure level, an exposure contribution ratio calculation model is obtained to calculate the exposure contribution ratio (RSC).

[0094] (3) The preliminary analysis module in the analysis unit selects three environmental media based on the similarity of the lead isotope concentration in the blood obtained by the detection unit and the lead isotope concentration data of the environmental media that meet the characteristics of the survey object extracted by the screening unit. The mixed analysis module in the analysis unit obtains the mixed analysis model of the isotope ratio and calculates the overall contribution ratio of each environmental medium selected by the preliminary analysis module.

[0095] The hybrid analysis module in the analysis unit calculates the overall contribution ratio based on the isotope ratio hybrid analysis model and the exposure data that conforms to the characteristics of the survey subjects extracted by the screening unit. It then obtains the source contribution rate calculation model and calculates the source contribution rate of each type of environmental medium or exposure pathway selected by the preliminary analysis module. The analysis results are then input into the output unit.

[0096] It should be noted that when the exposure data includes both sub-category environmental media and exposure pathways, the source contribution rate of each sub-category environmental media and each exposure pathway should be calculated.

[0097] Specifically, such as Figure 6 As shown, the preliminary analysis module in the analysis unit obtains the blood lead isotope detection results from the detection unit, and then uses the isotope ratio calculation module to calculate the lead isotope concentration ratio in the blood sample. 208 Pb / 206 Pb and 207 Pb / 206 Pb; The preliminary analysis module in the analysis unit obtains the isotope ratio calculation module based on the lead isotope concentration data of each environmental medium that conforms to the characteristics of the survey object extracted by the screening unit, and calculates the lead isotope concentration ratio in each environmental medium. 208 Pb / 206 Pb and 207 Pb / 206 The preliminary analysis module compares the lead isotope concentration ratio in blood with the lead isotope concentration ratio in various environmental media to perform preliminary analysis, screening out the three main environmental media sources whose lead isotope concentration ratios in environmental media are closest to those in blood. The hybrid analysis module in the analysis unit obtains a hybrid analysis model of isotope ratios and calculates the overall contribution ratio of each environmental media screened by the preliminary analysis module. Based on the overall contribution ratio of each environmental media, the hybrid analysis module in the analysis unit obtains a source contribution rate calculation model based on the overall contribution ratio calculated by the hybrid analysis model of isotope ratios and the exposure data (exposure contribution ratio) extracted by the screening unit that conforms to the characteristics of the survey subjects, and calculates the source contribution rate of each environmental media sub-category or exposure pathway screened by the preliminary analysis module.

[0098] The method of the present invention further includes: a health impact information processing module in the discrimination unit extracts and processes health impact information data from the health information database based on the blood lead isotope concentration obtained by the detection unit, and inputs the health impact information data into the output unit; source analysis inputs the analysis results into the output unit, and the source analysis results include: the overall contribution ratios P1, P2, and P3 of the three environmental media, and the source contribution rate data Z of the i-th subclass of environmental media or exposure pathway of the three environmental media. fi Z gi Z hi .

[0099] This invention combines blood lead detection, source analysis, and database analysis to propose a complete chain and process system and method for blood lead source analysis, encompassing the entire chain from source to exposure to blood lead levels. This system and method are highly operable and scalable, providing a complete and systematic operational approach from detection to analysis. It can provide technical support for the rapid detection of lead-related health risks in humans and the identification of environmental factors contributing to these risks. Furthermore, it offers scientific guidance for the formulation of policies to prevent and control heavy metal lead pollution and for protecting public health. Furthermore, in this invention, the total lead content is calculated using lead isotope concentration, requiring only lead isotope detection. This system and method can both determine if total blood lead levels exceed the standard and perform blood lead isotope analysis. This invention incorporates the actual exposure of the population to lead in environmental media into source analysis, and each environmental medium includes multiple subcategories and multiple exposure pathways, refining the environmental media and exposure pathways to make the source analysis results more detailed. Simultaneously, this invention combines blood lead source analysis with a database, avoiding the drawback of requiring extensive environmental testing for each source analysis in existing technologies, significantly improving the efficiency of source analysis.

[0100] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the processes of the methods described in the above embodiments can be implemented by a computer program instructing related hardware, and the program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. The computer-readable storage medium may be a disk, optical disk, read-only memory, or random access memory, etc.

[0101] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A blood lead source analysis system, characterized in that, The blood lead source analysis system includes a database unit, a detection unit, a screening unit, and an analysis unit; The database unit includes a blood lead limit database, an environmental lead isotope database, an environmental lead exposure database, and a basic information database of the survey subjects. The detection unit is equipped with a blood lead isotope detection system, which is used to detect the concentration of lead isotopes in blood samples. The screening unit is equipped with a data extraction system. The data extraction system is used to extract environmental media lead isotope concentration data that matches the characteristics of the survey subjects from the environmental media lead isotope database in the database unit, and to extract exposure exposure data that matches the characteristics of the survey subjects from the environmental media lead exposure database in the database unit, based on the characteristics of the survey subjects in the basic information database of the survey subjects in the database unit. The parsing unit is equipped with a preliminary parsing module and a hybrid parsing module; The preliminary analysis module is used to select three environmental media based on the similarity of isotope ratio characteristics, according to the blood lead isotope detection results obtained by the detection unit and the environmental media lead isotope concentration data that conform to the characteristics of the survey subjects extracted by the screening unit. The hybrid analysis module includes an isotope ratio hybrid analysis model and a source contribution rate calculation model. The isotope ratio hybrid analysis model is used to calculate the overall contribution ratio of each environmental medium screened by the preliminary analysis module. The source contribution rate calculation model is used to calculate the source contribution rate of each environmental medium sub-category or exposure pathway screened by the preliminary analysis module based on the overall contribution ratio calculated by the isotope ratio hybrid analysis model and the exposure exposure data extracted by the screening unit.

2. The blood lead source analysis system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The blood lead source analysis system also includes a discrimination unit, which is used to determine whether the total blood lead concentration exceeds the standard and to select whether to enter the analysis unit based on the blood lead isotope detection results obtained by the detection unit.

3. The blood lead source analysis system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The blood lead source analysis system also includes an output unit, which is used to output the results of the discrimination unit and the analysis unit.

4. The blood lead source analysis system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The discrimination unit includes a judgment module and a selection module. The judgment module is used to compare the total blood lead concentration with the blood lead limit in the blood lead limit database that matches the basic information of the survey subjects in the basic information database of the survey subjects, based on the blood lead isotope detection results obtained by the detection unit, and to determine whether the total blood lead concentration exceeds the standard. The selection module is used to select whether to output the data to the parsing unit or the output unit.

5. The blood lead source analysis system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The judgment module includes a blood lead concentration calculation model, and the calculation formula is as follows: Equation (1); in, This refers to the total blood lead concentration. for 204 The concentration of Pb, for 206 The concentration of Pb, for 207 The concentration of Pb, for 208 The concentration of Pb.

6. The blood lead source analysis system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The discrimination unit is further equipped with a health impact information processing module, and the database unit is further equipped with a health information database. The health impact information processing module is used to extract and process health impact information data from the health information database based on the blood lead isotope detection results obtained by the detection unit, and input the health impact information data into the output unit.

7. The blood lead source analysis system according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The data extraction system includes an environmental lead isotope concentration data extraction module and an exposure exposure data extraction module. The environmental lead isotope concentration data extraction module is used to extract environmental lead isotope concentration data that matches the characteristics of the survey subjects from the environmental lead isotope database based on the activity area and surrounding environment of the survey subjects. The exposure exposure data extraction module is used to extract the exposure contribution ratio that matches the characteristics of the survey subjects from the environmental lead exposure exposure database based on the basic information of the survey subjects.

8. The blood lead source analysis system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The data extraction system also includes an environmental medium exposure level calculation model and an exposure contribution ratio calculation model. The formula for calculating the exposure contribution ratio (RSC) is as follows: Equation (2); Among them, RSC i For the contribution ratio of exposure to various environmental media, ADD i For the exposure levels of various environmental media, This represents the sum of exposure levels to all environmental media.

9. The blood lead source analysis system according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the aforementioned isotope ratio mixed analytical model, the calculation formula is as follows: Equation (3); Equation (4); Equation (5); in, and P1 represents the ratio of lead isotope concentrations in the blood, P2 represents the overall contribution ratio of the first environmental medium, P3 represents the overall contribution ratio of the second environmental medium, and P4 represents the overall contribution ratio of the third environmental medium.

10. A method for analyzing the source of blood lead, characterized in that, The blood lead source analysis method is performed in the blood lead source analysis system according to any one of claims 1-9, including: Blood samples were collected from the subjects of the investigation, and the blood lead isotope detection results were obtained through the blood lead isotope detection system in the detection unit. The data extraction system in the screening unit extracts environmental media lead isotope concentration data that matches the characteristics of the survey subjects from the environmental media lead isotope database in the database unit, and extracts exposure exposure data that matches the characteristics of the survey subjects from the environmental media lead exposure database in the database unit, based on the survey subject characteristics in the survey subject basic information database in the database unit. The preliminary analysis module in the analysis unit selects three environmental media based on the similarity of lead isotope concentration ratio characteristics according to the blood lead isotope detection results obtained by the detection unit and the environmental media lead isotope concentration data that conform to the characteristics of the survey subjects extracted by the screening unit. The hybrid analysis module in the analysis unit obtains the isotope ratio hybrid analysis model and calculates the overall contribution ratio of each environmental media selected by the preliminary analysis module. The hybrid analysis module in the analysis unit obtains the source contribution rate calculation model based on the overall contribution ratio calculated by the isotope ratio hybrid analysis model and the exposure data that conforms to the characteristics of the survey subjects extracted by the screening unit, and calculates the source contribution rate of each type of environmental medium or exposure pathway screened by the preliminary analysis module.

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