A grain loss detection device and method

Abstract

A grain loss detection device and method are disclosed. The device includes: a force-bearing plate, inclined to correspond to the rice / wheat grain discharge outlet; a piezoelectric ceramic vibrator attached to the force-bearing plate; a counterweight metal connecting mechanism, which together with the force-bearing plate forms an accommodating space; a buffer connecting mechanism located within the accommodating space and connected to both the piezoelectric ceramic vibrator and the counterweight metal connecting mechanism; and a data processing module located outside the accommodating space and connected to the piezoelectric ceramic vibrator. The high-speed cleaning fan of a harvester throws rice / wheat husks mixed with rice / wheat grains at high speed from the rice / wheat grain discharge outlet, causing them to collide with and strike the force-bearing plate. The force-bearing plate vibrates and transmits the vibration to the piezoelectric ceramic vibrator. The piezoelectric ceramic vibrator generates a charge corresponding to the vibration based on the piezoelectric effect. The data processing module converts the charge into a measurable voltage and calculates the grain loss amount by detecting the voltage value. The invention also provides a grain loss detection method for this device.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to intelligent agricultural machinery sensor technology, and in particular to an I-shaped buffer plate piezoelectric ceramic grain loss detection device and method that can quickly detect grain loss and provide operational quality feedback for agricultural machinery. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of modern agriculture, the requirements for intelligent agricultural machinery are becoming increasingly stringent, especially for harvesting machinery. Harvesting efficiency and quality are important standards for evaluating the intelligence of agricultural machinery. The harvesting losses of rice and wheat harvesting machinery can provide feedback on the quality of mechanical operations, adjust the overall working condition of the machinery, and promote the intelligent development of agricultural machinery.

[0003] Existing grain loss sensors have largely phased out photoelectric and piezoresistive loss sensors, and loss sensors using piezoelectric materials, such as piezoelectric films, piezoelectric fibers, and piezoelectric ceramics, are becoming increasingly popular. However, existing technologies suffer from significant interference from mechanical vibration signal noise and residual impact noise, resulting in low accuracy in grain loss detection and negatively impacting the feedback effect on the quality of agricultural machinery operations. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to address the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art by providing an I-shaped buffer plate piezoelectric ceramic grain loss detection device and method that can quickly detect grain loss and provide operational quality feedback for agricultural machinery.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a grain loss detection device, wherein it is installed at the rice / wheat grain discharge outlet of a harvester, the grain loss detection device comprising:

[0006] A force-bearing plate, one side of which is inclined at a set angle to correspond to the rice and wheat grain discharge outlet;

[0007] A piezoelectric ceramic transducer is attached to the force-bearing plate and located on the other side of the force-bearing plate;

[0008] The counterweight metal connection mechanism, together with the force-bearing plate, forms an accommodating space;

[0009] A buffer connection mechanism is located within the accommodating space and is connected to both the piezoelectric ceramic vibrator and the counterweight metal connection mechanism; and

[0010] A data processing module is located outside the accommodating space and connected to the piezoelectric ceramic transducer;

[0011] The high-speed cleaning fan of the harvester throws rice and wheat husks mixed with rice and wheat grains out of the rice and wheat grain discharge port at high speed and hits the force plate. The force plate vibrates and transmits the vibration to the piezoelectric ceramic vibrator. The piezoelectric ceramic vibrator generates an electric charge corresponding to the vibration based on the piezoelectric effect. The data processing module converts the electric charge into a measurable voltage and calculates the amount of grain loss by detecting the voltage value.

[0012] The aforementioned grain loss detection device also includes a secondary buffer vibration reduction mechanism, which is seamlessly fitted with the counterweight metal connection mechanism.

[0013] The aforementioned grain loss detection device further includes a dustproof protective shell, which is connected to the counterweight metal connection mechanism and covers the secondary buffer vibration reduction mechanism.

[0014] In the aforementioned grain loss detection device, the data processing module is fixed inside the dustproof protective shell by screws.

[0015] In the aforementioned grain loss detection device, the buffer connection mechanism is an I-shaped buffer plate, and the cross-section of the I-shaped buffer plate is a continuously spaced upright trapezoid and inverted trapezoid structure.

[0016] In the aforementioned grain loss detection device, the buffer connection mechanism is a rigid non-metallic material component.

[0017] In the aforementioned grain loss detection device, the rigid non-metallic material component is a rigid hard material component made of resin glass fiber.

[0018] In the aforementioned grain loss detection device, the piezoelectric ceramic transducer is a circular piezoelectric ceramic transducer, and the force plate is bonded to the circular piezoelectric ceramic transducer with GSE T-8000 adhesive. The edge of the circular piezoelectric ceramic transducer is the adhesive application point.

[0019] In the aforementioned grain loss detection device, the buffer connection mechanism is directly bonded to the circular piezoelectric ceramic transducer using GSE T-8000 adhesive, the buffer connection mechanism is bonded to the counterweight metal connection mechanism using GSE T-8000 adhesive, and the secondary buffer vibration reduction mechanism is directly bonded to the counterweight metal connection mechanism using GSE T-8000 adhesive.

[0020] To better achieve the above objectives, the present invention also provides a method for detecting grain loss, comprising the following steps:

[0021] S100. The grain loss detection device is installed at the rice and wheat grain discharge port of the harvester at a set tilt angle, wherein the set angle range is 15°-75°.

[0022] S200, The high-speed cleaning fan of the harvester throws out the rice and wheat husks mixed with rice and wheat grains at high speed. The rice and wheat grains collide at high speed with the force plate of the grain loss detection device. The force plate vibrates due to the impact and is quickly transmitted to the tightly bonded piezoelectric ceramic vibrator.

[0023] S300, The piezoelectric ceramic vibrator, under the action of the piezoelectric effect, converts vibration into piezoelectric ceramic charge; and

[0024] S400, the data processing module converts the charge generated by the vibration of the piezoelectric ceramic transducer into a measurable voltage, and after high and low frequency filtering, directly converts it into an AD value and calculates the amount of grain loss.

[0025] The technical effects of this invention are as follows:

[0026] This invention converts the impact amount of grain into a measurable charge using piezoelectric ceramics. This charge is then processed through a series of filters via a charge measurement and conversion circuit to ultimately determine the grain loss. Employing an I-shaped vibration buffer, a counterweight metal connection mechanism, and a two-stage buffer vibration reduction mechanism effectively reduces interference from mechanical vibration signal noise and residual impact noise. Compared to ultrasonic, photoelectric, and piezoresistive detection methods, this invention offers advantages such as low cost, high sensitivity, and simple structure.

[0027] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, but this is not intended to limit the present invention. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 for Figure 1 HH sectional view;

[0030] Figure 3 for Figure 1 FF sectional view.

[0031] Among them, the attached reference numerals

[0032] 1 load-bearing plate

[0033] 2 piezoelectric ceramic transducers

[0034] 3. Buffer connection mechanism

[0035] 4. Counterweight metal connection mechanism

[0036] 5. Two-stage buffer vibration reduction mechanism

[0037] 6 Data Processing Module

[0038] 7 Dustproof Protective Case

[0039] 8 fixing bolts Detailed Implementation

[0040] The structural and working principles of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0041] With the rapid development of modern agriculture, the requirements for intelligent agricultural machinery are getting higher and higher. The amount of grain loss during harvesting is an important factor in evaluating the intelligence of agricultural machinery. This invention uses an I-shaped buffer plate and a piezoelectric ceramic vibrator 2 for grain loss detection, which has the advantages of low cost, simple structure and strong anti-interference.

[0042] See Figures 1-3 , Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 for Figure 1 HH sectional view, Figure 3 for Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of the grain loss detection device of the present invention. The grain loss detection device is installed at the rice / wheat grain discharge outlet of a harvester. The grain loss detection device includes: a force-bearing plate 1, one side of which is inclined at a set angle corresponding to the rice / wheat grain discharge outlet; a piezoelectric ceramic vibrator 2, attached to the force-bearing plate 1 and located on the other side of the force-bearing plate 1; a counterweight metal connecting mechanism 4, which, together with the force-bearing plate 1, forms an accommodating space; and a buffer connecting mechanism 3, located within the accommodating space and connected to the piezoelectric ceramic vibrator 2 and the counterweight metal connecting mechanism 4, respectively. A data processing module 6 is located outside the accommodating space and connected to the piezoelectric ceramic vibrator 2. The high-speed cleaning fan of the harvester throws rice and wheat husks mixed with rice and wheat grains at high speed from the rice and wheat grain discharge port, causing them to collide with and strike the force plate 1. The force plate 1 vibrates and transmits the vibration to the piezoelectric ceramic vibrator 2. The piezoelectric ceramic vibrator 2 generates a charge corresponding to the vibration based on the piezoelectric effect. The data processing module 6 converts the charge into a measurable voltage and calculates the grain loss by detecting the voltage value. To reduce vibration transmission loss of the force plate 1, the surfaces of the force plate 1 and the circular piezoelectric ceramic vibrator 2 must be smoothly polished. The smooth polishing process should result in a surface that is smooth to the touch and free of visible pits. Glue is applied to the circumferential edge of the circular piezoelectric ceramic vibrator 2 and bonded to the center of the force plate 1. Glue should not be applied directly below the circular piezoelectric ceramic vibrator 2 to prevent vibration transmission loss, which could weaken the piezoelectric effect.

[0043] In this embodiment, a secondary buffer vibration reduction mechanism 5 may also be included, which fits seamlessly with the counterweight metal connection mechanism 4. A dustproof protective shell 7 may also be included, connected to the counterweight metal connection mechanism 4 and covering the secondary buffer vibration reduction mechanism 5. The data processing module 6 is fixed inside the dustproof protective shell 7 with screws. The dustproof protective shell 7 is connected to the counterweight metal connection mechanism 4 with fixing bolts 8. The secondary buffer vibration reduction mechanism 5 is located between the counterweight metal connection mechanism 4 and the dustproof protective shell 7.

[0044] The buffer connection mechanism 3 in this embodiment is an I-shaped buffer plate, the cross-section of which is a continuously spaced array of regular and inverted trapezoidal structures. The I-shaped buffer plate below the load-bearing plate 1, after multiple vibration reduction experiments, has been shown to effectively suppress mechanical vibration noise interference, reduce the continued vibration interference after the load-bearing plate 1 is struck by high-speed rice and wheat grains, and improve detection accuracy. Its vibration reduction effect was determined by placing different buffer mechanisms and simultaneously using an oscilloscope to display the output waveform of the processing circuit module, comparing the vibration of the waveforms to judge the quality of its vibration reduction effect. The counterweight metal connection mechanism 4 is the fixed connection component between the load-bearing plate 1 and the I-shaped buffer plate. It has a large mass, and its own inertia can effectively reduce mechanical vibration noise interference. At the same time, the connection between the counterweight metal connection mechanism 4 and the I-shaped buffer plate is seamless, preventing rice and wheat grains from entering the grain loss detection device and interfering with measurement accuracy.

[0045] The buffer connection mechanism 3 is preferably a rigid non-metallic material component. This rigid non-metallic material component is a rigid, hard material component made of resin glass fiber, similar to the PCB circuit board substrate material. The piezoelectric ceramic transducer 2 is preferably a circular piezoelectric ceramic transducer 2. The force-bearing plate 1 and the circular piezoelectric ceramic transducer 2 are preferably bonded together with GSE T-8000 adhesive. The edge of the circular piezoelectric ceramic transducer 2 is the adhesive application area, and the adhesive should not penetrate into the interior. The buffer connection mechanism 3 and the circular piezoelectric ceramic transducer 2 are preferably directly bonded together with GSE T-8000 adhesive. The buffer connection mechanism 3 and the counterweight metal connection mechanism 4 are preferably bonded together with GSE T-8000 adhesive. The secondary buffer vibration reduction mechanism 5 and the counterweight metal connection mechanism 4 are preferably directly bonded together with GSE T-8000 adhesive. GSE T-8000 adhesive has strong adhesion.

[0046] This invention utilizes the piezoelectric principle of piezoelectric ceramic materials to detect grain loss in real time. A two-stage buffer vibration reduction mechanism 5 is designed between the installation machinery and the grain loss detection device, effectively reducing mechanical vibration noise caused by vehicle vibration and improving the signal detection accuracy of the grain loss detection device. The grain loss detection device is installed at a certain angle at the rice and wheat husk feeding port at the tail of the harvester. After the rice and wheat are cleaned by the cleaning device, the rice and wheat husks mixed with rice and wheat grains are blown out at high speed by a high-speed fan. The harder rice and wheat grains strike the force plate 1 of the grain loss detection device at high speed. A circular piezoelectric ceramic vibrator 2 is installed below the force plate 1. The force plate 1 vibrates under the force and the vibration is transmitted to the circular piezoelectric ceramic vibrator 2. The grain loss can be obtained by detecting the simulated voltage value generated by the piezoelectric effect of the circular piezoelectric ceramic. The piezoelectric effect of this piezoelectric ceramic refers to the generation of moving charges when an external force strikes the piezoelectric ceramic disc. The data processing module 6 is equipped with a charge amplification circuit that converts the charge into a voltage value.

[0047] In this embodiment, the force-bearing plate 1 is made of rigid material, resulting in low vibration transmission loss and enabling high-quality, low-loss transmission of rice and wheat impact vibrations. The circular piezoelectric ceramic vibrator 2 features low cost, high sensitivity, and a simple structure. The I-shaped buffer plate effectively suppresses mechanical vibration noise interference, improving detection accuracy. The counterweight metal connection mechanism 4, being relatively heavy, utilizes its own inertia to suppress mechanical vibration, reducing the impact of vibration noise on the true detection value. The secondary buffer vibration reduction mechanism 5 uses vibration-reducing materials for secondary mechanical vibration reduction, lowering vibration noise and improving the detection accuracy of the grain loss detection device. The data processing module 6 employs high-efficiency circuits such as charge amplification-voltage conversion circuits and filtering processing, enabling the acquisition and processing of high-frequency charge amplification signals, effectively filtering out noise interference signals, and improving detection accuracy.

[0048] The grain loss detection method of the present invention includes the following steps:

[0049] Step S100: Install the grain loss detection device at the rice and wheat grain discharge port of the harvester at a set tilt angle, wherein the set angle range is 15°-75°, preferably 30°;

[0050] Step S200: The high-speed cleaning fan of the harvester throws out the rice and wheat husks mixed with rice and wheat grains at high speed. The rice and wheat grains collide with the force plate 1 of the grain loss detection device at high speed. The force plate 1 vibrates due to the impact and is quickly transmitted to the tightly bonded piezoelectric ceramic vibrator 2.

[0051] Step S300: Under the piezoelectric effect, the piezoelectric ceramic vibrator 2 converts vibration into piezoelectric ceramic charge, the magnitude of which is affected by the vibration amplitude, i.e., the impact force. To reduce false detections of the piezoelectric ceramic vibrating disc caused by mechanical vibration, this grain loss detection device is equipped with a buffer connection mechanism 3. This buffer connection mechanism 3 can effectively buffer mechanical vibration noise and seal the gaps in the grain loss detection device, preventing impurities from entering the interior of the grain loss detection device. The counterweight metal connection mechanism 4 and the secondary buffer vibration reduction mechanism 5 of this grain loss detection device also have good vibration reduction effects, reducing vibration noise during mechanical operation; and

[0052] In step S400, the data processing module 6 converts the charge generated by the vibration of the piezoelectric ceramic vibrator 2 into a measurable voltage. After high and low frequency filtering, it directly converts the voltage into an AD value and calculates the amount of grain loss. The data processing module 6 can quickly distinguish between rice and wheat grains and husks through multiple experiments and calculate the amount of rice and wheat loss. The learning process involves using different grains (such as whole, clean grains, grains with the entire outer husk, half-husk grains, and pure husk grains) to strike the force plate 1 of the grain loss detection device. The data processing module 6 memorizes and distinguishes the signal characteristics of these grains. Using the memorized characteristic values ​​as a benchmark, it can distinguish whether grains have been struck when clean or unclean rice and wheat grains are struck, and records the data.

[0053] The force-bearing plate 1 of this invention is made of a rigid material with good vibration conductivity. Rice and wheat husks mixed with grains are blown out at high speed by a high-speed fan, and the harder grains strike the force-bearing plate 1 at high speed. A circular piezoelectric ceramic vibrator 2 is installed below the force-bearing plate 1. The force-bearing plate 1 vibrates under the force and the vibration is transmitted to the circular piezoelectric ceramic vibrator 2. The circular piezoelectric ceramic vibrator 2 generates a corresponding charge after vibration. To reduce vibration transmission loss and enhance charge generation, the surfaces of the force-bearing plate 1 and the circular piezoelectric ceramic vibrator 2 must be smoothly polished. Adhesive is applied to the circumferential edge of the circular piezoelectric ceramic vibrator 2 and bonded to the center of the force-bearing plate 1. Adhesive should not be applied directly below the circular piezoelectric ceramic vibrator 2 to prevent vibration transmission loss, which could weaken the piezoelectric effect. The I-shaped buffer plate is made of a buffer material; its I-shaped structure effectively suppresses mechanical vibration noise interference, reduces the continued vibration interference after the force-bearing plate 1 is struck by high-speed rice and wheat grains, and improves detection accuracy. The counterweight metal connection mechanism 4 is a fixed connection component between the force-bearing plate 1 and the I-shaped buffer plate. Its large mass and inherent inertia effectively mitigate mechanical vibration and noise interference. Simultaneously, the counterweight metal connection mechanism 4 and the I-shaped buffer connection mechanism 3 are seamlessly connected, preventing rice and wheat grains from entering the grain loss detection device and interfering with measurement accuracy. The secondary buffer vibration reduction structure uses vibration-damping materials and indirectly connects to the agricultural machinery structure, effectively limiting mechanical vibration interference and reducing noise. The dustproof protective shell 7 encloses the digital processing module, providing dustproof and waterproof protection.

[0054] During operation, the force plate 1 vibrates after being struck by high-speed rice and wheat grains. The vibration amplitude and frequency are transmitted to the circular piezoelectric vibrating ceramic. Under the action of the piezoelectric effect, the circular piezoelectric ceramic generates moving charges. The amount of charge is determined by the magnitude of the vibration amplitude. The data processing module 6 performs charge amplification, voltage conversion, high-pass and low-pass filtering, and AD numerical acquisition processing on the generated charges. After the acquired data is transmitted to the processing unit, it undergoes digital filtering and calculation to finally obtain the corresponding amount of grain loss.

[0055] This invention utilizes the piezoelectric principle of piezoelectric ceramic materials and employs an I-shaped buffer plate to detect grain loss in real time. A two-stage buffer and vibration reduction mechanism 5 is installed between the installation machinery and the grain loss detection device, which effectively reduces mechanical vibration noise caused by vehicle vibration and improves the signal detection accuracy of the grain loss detection device.

[0056] Of course, the present invention may have other various embodiments. Without departing from the spirit and essence of the present invention, those skilled in the art can make various corresponding changes and modifications according to the present invention, but these corresponding changes and modifications should all fall within the protection scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A grain loss detection device, characterized in that, The grain loss detection device, installed at the grain discharge port of the harvester, includes: A force-bearing plate, one side of which is inclined at a set angle to correspond to the rice and wheat grain discharge outlet; A piezoelectric ceramic transducer is attached to the force-bearing plate and located on the other side of the force-bearing plate; The counterweight metal connection mechanism, together with the force-bearing plate, forms an accommodating space; A buffer connection mechanism is located within the accommodating space and is connected to the piezoelectric ceramic vibrator and the counterweight metal connection mechanism, respectively. A data processing module is disposed outside the accommodating space and connected to the piezoelectric ceramic transducer; and The secondary buffer and vibration reduction mechanism fits seamlessly with the counterweight metal connection mechanism. The buffer connection mechanism is an I-shaped buffer plate made of rigid non-metallic material. The cross-section of the I-shaped buffer plate is a continuous arrangement of regular and inverted trapezoidal structures. The piezoelectric ceramic transducer is a circular piezoelectric ceramic transducer. The force plate and the circular piezoelectric ceramic transducer are bonded together with GSE T-8000 adhesive. The edge of the circular piezoelectric ceramic transducer is the adhesive application point. The high-speed cleaning fan of the harvester throws rice and wheat husks mixed with rice and wheat grains out of the rice and wheat grain discharge port at high speed and hits the force plate. The force plate vibrates and transmits the vibration to the piezoelectric ceramic vibrator. The piezoelectric ceramic vibrator generates an electric charge corresponding to the vibration based on the piezoelectric effect. The data processing module converts the electric charge into a measurable voltage and calculates the amount of grain loss by detecting the voltage value.

2. The grain loss detection device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a dustproof protective shell, which is connected to the counterweight metal connection mechanism and covers the outside of the secondary buffer vibration reduction mechanism.

3. The grain loss detection device as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The data processing module is fixed inside the dustproof protective shell by screws.

4. The grain loss detection device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The rigid non-metallic material component is a rigid hard material component made of resin glass fiber.

5. The grain loss detection device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The buffer connection mechanism is directly bonded to the circular piezoelectric ceramic vibrator using GSE T-8000 adhesive. The buffer connection mechanism is also bonded to the counterweight metal connection mechanism using GSE T-8000 adhesive. The secondary buffer vibration reduction mechanism is directly bonded to the counterweight metal connection mechanism using GSE T-8000 adhesive.

6. A method for detecting grain loss, characterized in that, The grain loss detection device according to any one of claims 1-5 comprises the following steps: S100. The grain loss detection device is installed at the rice and wheat grain discharge port of the harvester at a set tilt angle, wherein the set tilt angle ranges from 15° to 75°. S200, The high-speed cleaning fan of the harvester throws out the rice and wheat husks mixed with rice and wheat grains at high speed. The rice and wheat grains collide at high speed with the force plate of the grain loss detection device. The force plate vibrates due to the impact and is quickly transmitted to the tightly bonded piezoelectric ceramic vibrator. S300, The piezoelectric ceramic vibrator, under the action of the piezoelectric effect, converts vibration into piezoelectric ceramic charge; and S400, the data processing module converts the charge generated by the vibration of the piezoelectric ceramic transducer into a measurable voltage, and after high and low frequency filtering, directly converts it into an AD value and calculates the amount of grain loss.

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