Method for planting dalbergia hupeana in dry-hot valley area mining waste land without fertilization

Abstract

This invention discloses a method for fertilizer-free cultivation of *Dalbergia odorifera* in mining wastelands in arid and hot valley regions. The method includes the following steps: S1, digging planting holes in the mining wastelands of arid and hot valley regions; S2, placing agricultural and forestry waste into the planting holes, then covering them with the mineral-soil mixture obtained from digging the planting holes, and then igniting the agricultural and forestry waste to induce in-situ pyrolysis and carbonization within the holes; S3, after the pyrolysis is completed and the temperature drops to room temperature, adding silicate bacteria into the planting holes, and thoroughly mixing the added silicate bacteria with the in-situ pyrolysis and carbonization products in the planting holes before fertilizer-free planting of *Dalbergia odorifera*. This invention, through in-situ pyrolysis and carbonization, generates biochar while accelerating the high-temperature weathering of the ore, and effectively kills harmful pathogenic microorganisms in the soil and biomass. This invention enables the healthy growth of *Dalbergia odorifera* in arid and hot valley regions while simultaneously restoring mining wastelands, thus achieving the goals of mine restoration and economic revenue generation.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the field of non-fertilizer planting in mining wasteland, and particularly relates to a method for non-fertilizer planting Dalbergia hupeana in mining wasteland in dry-hot valley areas. BACKGROUND

[0002] Dry-hot valley refers to a high-temperature and low-humidity valley region, which is mainly distributed in tropical or subtropical regions. The region is rich in light and heat resources, and is hot and rainy, with serious soil erosion, and a very fragile ecology. Natural disasters such as cold, drought, wind, grass, and fire are particularly prominent. In China, dry-hot valleys are mainly distributed in Sichuan Panzhihua, Yunnan and Guizhou along the Jinsha River, Yuanjiang River, Nujiang River and Nanpan River. The mountain of Yunnan-Guizhou plateau is gentle, and the soil layer is relatively thick, but the vegetation is sparse, and the forest coverage rate is less than 5%. Looking around, it is all bare red soil. Mining wasteland refers to land that is damaged and occupied by mining activities and cannot be used without remediation, including bare mining rock openings, waste soil (stone, slag) piles, coal gangue piles, tailings ponds, and abandoned building sites, underground goaf subsidence, and delineated abandoned land with goaf subsidence hazards.

[0003] Dalbergia hupeana is a wild species that grows in the tropical and subtropical regions of China. It is mainly distributed at an altitude of 300-900 meters in low mountains, hills and valley regions. It is suitable for an average annual temperature of 20-23℃ and an annual precipitation of 1200-2000mm. It is relatively cold-resistant, and can grow at an absolute minimum temperature of-5℃. Dalbergia hupeana is a positive tree species that grows well on sunny slopes with sufficient sunlight. It requires red soil and lateritic red soil developed from shale, sandy shale and granite, and grows well in deep and moist soil. Dalbergia hupeana is an excellent host tree species for lac bugs. It has strong resistance to insects and adapts to insect parasitism, with high and good quality of lac production. The wood is scattered-pored, with light yellow or brown color, tough texture and fine grain, and can be used as furniture, vehicles and agricultural tools. Due to its susceptibility to insect damage, it needs to be soaked or treated with insecticides before use. Branches and trunks can be used to cultivate wood ear and white fungus. Leaves can be used as green manure. Silicate bacteria can extract phosphorus from phosphorite and apatite, decompose soil minerals and fix nitrogen in the air, and leave organic matter in the soil after death, thereby enriching the soil's nutrient elements and energy substances. Therefore, the number of rhizosphere bacteria is also increased. The strengthening of the life activities of rhizosphere bacteria promotes the increase of crop yield.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to develop a method for non-fertilizer planting Dalbergia hupeana in mining wasteland in dry-hot valley areas. SUMMARY

[0005] In view of the problems of the mine wasteland in the arid-hot valley area, such as more stones and less soil, poor site conditions, lack of nutrients, and lack of soil source for vegetation restoration, a method for planting Dalbergia hupeana in the mine wasteland in the arid-hot valley area is provided, which can effectively deal with the large amount of mine waste in the mine wasteland, avoid environmental pollution, increase the content of soil organic carbon, improve the soil fertility, kill harmful pathogenic microorganisms in the soil and biomass, and generate economic benefits, so as to realize the goals of mine repair and economic income.

[0006] The purpose of the present application is achieved by a method for planting Dalbergia hupeana in the mine wasteland in the arid-hot valley area, comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1, digging a planting hole in the mine wasteland in the arid-hot valley area;

[0008] S2, putting the agricultural and forestry waste into the planting hole, then covering the mixture of the mine soil obtained by digging the planting hole, then igniting the agricultural and forestry waste to perform in-situ pyrolysis carbonization in the pit;

[0009] S3, after the temperature of pyrolysis ends and decreases to room temperature, adding silicate bacteria into the planting hole, and fully mixing the added silicate bacteria with the in-situ pyrolysis carbonization product in the planting hole to evenly plant Dalbergia hupeana without fertilizer.

[0010] Preferably, the mine wasteland in step S1 is one or more of the following: bare mining rock opening, waste rock pile, waste soil pile, coal gangue pile, and tailings pond.

[0011] Preferably, the planting hole in step S1 has a plant spacing of 5-15m; and the planting hole has a diameter x depth of 600-1000mm x 400-800mm.

[0012] Preferably, the agricultural and forestry waste in step S2 is any one or more of the following: dead branches of grass and trees around the planting hole, Dalbergia hupeana gum collecting or pruning residual branches, exogenous shrub branches, or wood chips.

[0013] Preferably, the mixture of the mine soil obtained by digging the planting hole in step S2 is sieved first to obtain stones and soil, and stones with a particle size greater than 10mm are sieved out, the covering is first covering the stones with a particle size of ≤10mm on the agricultural and forestry waste, and then covering the soil; and the mass ratio of the agricultural and forestry waste to the mixture of the mine soil for covering is 1-5:1.

[0014] Preferably, before covering the mixture of the mine soil on the agricultural and forestry waste in step S2, solid waste from lacquer processing is also covered.

[0015] Preferably, the temperature for in-situ pyrolysis carbonization in step S2 is 250-400℃.

[0016] Preferably, the silicate bacteria is a commercially available phosphorus and potassium releasing bacteria.

[0017] Preferably, the non-fertilization planting of Dalbergia hupeana is specifically selecting 1-2 year old seedlings obtained by sowing and raising seedlings to be planted, and the planting is selected to be performed in February to March, and after planting, water is poured thoroughly and grass is covered on the planting hole, and then the non-fertilization planting is completed.

[0018] The substrate for non-fertilization planting of Dalbergia hupeana in the mining waste land in the dry-hot valley region provided by the application comprises the following raw materials: 10 parts of a mixture of mining waste land and soil, 10-50 parts of agricultural and forestry waste, 0.5-5 parts of solid waste from processing of lacquer, and 0.001-0.1 parts of silicate bacteria.

[0019] Preferably, the ore in the mixture of mining waste land and soil is silicate mineral and / or phosphate mineral.

[0020] Preferably, the silicate mineral is any one or more of feldspar, muscovite, biotite, hornblende, pyroxene, olivine, and wollastonite.

[0021] Preferably, the phosphate mineral is apatite.

[0022] The application accelerates the weathering of the parent material and the soil-forming rock by pyrolysis at high temperature, and the biomass pyrolysis accelerates the formation of soil with multiple functions of soil formation, desulfurization, carbon sequestration, soil fertilization, oxidation prevention, and heavy metal stabilization. The application effectively solves the problems of the mining waste land, such as more stones and less soil, poor site conditions, lack of nutrient elements, and difficulty in vegetation restoration.

[0023] The application has the following beneficial effects:

[0024] 1. The application mixes the mining waste with biomass for carbonization, which can effectively improve the fertility and pH of the mining waste, and accelerate the physical weathering and chemical weathering of the mining waste, and the pyrolysis reduces the content of metal sulfides in the mining waste, thereby realizing the upgrading and improvement of the mining waste.

[0025] 2. The biochar produced by the in-situ pyrolysis of the biomass in the application method can be directly mixed with the soil to increase the organic carbon content of the soil and improve the soil fertility, which is beneficial to the growth of Dalbergia hupeana.

[0026] 3. The in-situ pyrolysis carbonization process in the application method can effectively kill harmful pathogenic microorganisms in the soil and the biomass.

[0027] 4. The application method can make Dalbergia hupeana grow well, which can not only be used as a greening and restoration plant, but also be used as an economic forest of lacquer host, thereby realizing the goals of mine restoration and economic income. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The present application is further illustrated below with reference to the examples, but is not limited in any way by the examples, and any transformation or replacement made based on the teachings of the present application falls within the scope of the present application.

[0029] Example 1: In a certain high-temperature valley zone, there is a place that has been damaged by continuous mining activities for several years, resulting in the presence of stone, lack of soil, poor site conditions, lack of nutrients, and lack of soil sources necessary for vegetation restoration, etc. A method for planting Dalbergia hupeana in a mining wasteland in a dry-hot valley area without fertilization is used to treat the soil in this area:

[0030] (1) A tree pit is dug every 3 meters at this site;

[0031] (2) Solid waste such as weeds, shrub branches, wood chips, etc. near the tree pit is put into the tree pit, then ignited, and low-temperature combustion is carried out, so that the solid waste in the pit is carbonized and heated in situ, and the high temperature generated by pyrolysis accelerates the weathering of soil-forming rocks and parent material at high temperature;

[0032] (3) After pyrolysis is completed, wait for the temperature in the tree pit to drop to room temperature, and then add silicate bacteria to the tree pit;

[0033] (4) Mix the added silicate bacteria with the soil and biomass evenly;

[0034] (5) Plant Dalbergia hupeana into the tree pit without adding any chemical fertilizer;

[0035] (6) When the Dalbergia hupeana tree grows to the mature stage, lac bugs can be parasitized on the Dalbergia hupeana tree, and natural purple resin secreted by the lac bugs after sucking the tree sap of the host tree can be obtained, which is lac.

[0036] Example 2: In a certain low-humidity valley zone, there is an abandoned factory building, and the site has been overused, resulting in the presence of stone, lack of soil, lack of nutrients, etc. A method for planting Dalbergia hupeana in a mining wasteland in a dry-hot valley area without fertilization is used to treat the soil in this area:

[0037] (1) After the abandoned factory building is disassembled, a planting pit is dug every 2.5 meters;

[0038] (2) Solid waste such as weeds, shrub branches, dead branches, dead leaves, wood chips, etc. near the abandoned factory building is put into the tree pit, then ignited, and low-temperature combustion is carried out, so that the solid waste in the pit is carbonized and heated in situ, and the high temperature generated by pyrolysis accelerates the weathering of soil-forming rocks and parent material at high temperature;

[0039] (3) After pyrolysis, wait for the temperature in the tree pit to drop to room temperature, and add silicate bacteria to the tree pit;

[0040] (4) Mix the added silicate bacteria with the soil and biomass evenly;

[0041] (5) Plant Dalbergia hupeana trees into the tree pit without adding any chemical fertilizer;

[0042] (6) When the Dalbergia hupeana trees grow to the mature stage, lac bugs can be parasitized on the Dalbergia hupeana trees, and the purple natural resin secreted by the lac bugs after sucking the tree sap of the host tree, i.e. lac, can be obtained.

[0043] Example 3: In a certain valley area, there is a tailings pond. Due to the long-term stacking of tailings mined from the mine, the soil is deficient in nutrients, the terrain is broken, and the vegetation is difficult to naturally recover, etc. Therefore, the soil of the tailings pond cannot be used. A method for planting Dalbergia hupeana without fertilizer in a dry and hot valley area of a mining waste site is used to treat the soil of the tailings pond:

[0044] (1) The relatively flat area is flattened, and concave pits for planting trees are dug at intervals of 3.5 meters;

[0045] (2) Solid waste such as weeds, shrub branches, dry tree branches, dry tree leaves, and wood chips near the pits is put into the pits, and then ignited for low-temperature combustion. The solid waste is carbonized and heated in situ, and the high temperature generated by pyrolysis accelerates the weathering of soil-forming rocks and parent material at high temperature;

[0046] (3) After pyrolysis, wait for the temperature in the tree pit to drop to room temperature, and add silicate bacteria to the tree pit;

[0047] (4) Mix the added silicate bacteria with the soil and biomass evenly;

[0048] (5) Plant Dalbergia hupeana trees into the tree pit without adding any chemical fertilizer;

[0049] (6) When the Dalbergia hupeana trees grow to the mature stage, lac bugs can be parasitized on the Dalbergia hupeana trees, and the purple natural resin secreted by the lac bugs after sucking the tree sap of the host tree, i.e. lac, can be obtained.

Claims

1. A method for growing Dalbergia hupeana on a mining waste site in an arid valley region without fertilization, characterized in that The method comprises the following steps: S1, digging a planting hole in a mining waste site in a dry-hot valley region; S2, putting agricultural and forestry waste into the planting hole, then covering the mixture of mine soil obtained by digging the planting hole, then igniting the agricultural and forestry waste to perform in-situ pyrolysis carbonization in the pit; the mixture of mine soil obtained by digging the planting hole is sieved first to obtain mine and soil, and the mine with a particle size higher than 10 mm is sieved out, the covering is to cover the mine with a particle size of ≤10 mm on the agricultural and forestry waste first, then cover the soil; the mass ratio of the agricultural and forestry waste to the mixture of mine soil for covering is 1-5:1; the mixture of mine soil for covering is covered with shellac processing solid waste before covering the mixture of mine soil on the agricultural and forestry waste; S3, after the temperature of pyrolysis ends and decreases to room temperature, silicate bacteria are added into the planting hole, and after the silicate bacteria are fully mixed and uniformly distributed with the in-situ pyrolysis carbonization product in the planting hole, the Dalbergia hupeana is planted without fertilizer.

2. The method for growing Dalbergia hupeana on a barren land of a dry-hot valley area mine according to claim 1, characterized in that The mining waste site in step S1 is one or more of exposed mining rock openings, waste rock piles, waste soil piles, coal gangue piles and tailings ponds.

3. The method for growing Dalbergia hupeana on a barren land of a dry-hot valley area mine according to claim 1, characterized in that The planting hole in step S1 has a plant spacing of 3-10 m; the planting hole has a diameter x depth of 600-1000 mm x 400-800 mm.

4. The method for growing Dalbergia hupeana on a barren land of a dry-hot valley area mine according to claim 1, characterized in that The agricultural and forestry waste in step S2 is any one or more of dead branches of grasses and trees around the planting hole, surplus branches of Dalbergia hupeana for gum collection or pruning, exogenous shrub branches or wood chips.

5. The method for growing Dalbergia hupeana on a barren land of a dry-hot valley area mine according to claim 1, characterized in that The temperature of in-situ pyrolysis carbonization in step S2 is 250-400℃.

6. The method for growing Dalbergia hupeana on a barren land of a dry-hot valley area mine according to claim 1, characterized in that The specific method of planting the Dalbergia hupeana without fertilizer is to select 1-2 year old seedlings obtained by sowing and seedling culture for planting, the planting is selected to be performed in February-March, and after planting, the seedlings are watered thoroughly and grass is laid on the planting hole to cover, and the planting is completed.

7. The substrate formed by the method of cultivating Dalbergia hupeana in a barren land of a dry-hot valley region according to any one of claims 1-2, 4-5, wherein the barren land is a mining barren land. The substrate comprises the following raw materials: 10 parts of the mixture of mine soil of the mining waste site, 10-50 parts of agricultural and forestry waste, 0.5-5 parts of shellac processing solid waste and 0.001-0.1 parts of silicate bacteria.

8. The method for growing Dalbergia hupeana in a dry-hot valley region mining wasteland without fertilization according to claim 7, wherein the substrate is characterized by The mine in the mixture of mine soil of the mining waste site is silicate mineral and / or phosphate mineral; the silicate mineral is any one or more of feldspar, muscovite, biotite, hornblende, pyroxene, olivine and wollastonite; the phosphate mineral is apatite.