An optical phased array design method based on reverse design of T branch composition

Abstract

This invention provides a design method for an optical phased array composed of T-branch structures based on reverse design. The design includes: using an Euler waveguide as a first initial structure for the beam splitter, performing shape adjoint optimization on the first initial structure to obtain a first branch structure; using the first branch structure as a second initial structure, performing reverse optimization on the first initial structure to obtain a second branch structure; the beam splitter includes a tree-like multi-layer cascaded structure, each cascaded layer including a beam splitter, and the beam splitter including two output waveguides and one input waveguide. The advantages of this invention are: it achieves an ultra-compact and ultra-wideband integrated optical phased array; through reverse optimization, the optical phased array becomes more compact and has lower loss as the scale increases, thus achieving large-area integration of optical phased arrays.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the fields of optics and computers, and in particular to a design method, apparatus, electronic device, storage medium and optical phased array based on T-branch composition of reverse design. Background Technology

[0002] Compared to traditional mechanical lidar modules, OPAs offer advantages such as compact size, fast and stable beam control, low cost, and low power consumption, leading to their wide application in lidar, image projection, and free-space optical communication. In recent years, with advancements in semiconductor technology and the development of silicon-on-insulator (SOI) technology, silicon waveguide-based OPAs have made significant progress in terms of different operating wavelengths, antenna aperture sizes, and wide steering ranges. However, most reported OPAs are currently limited to one-dimensional or small-scale two-dimensional arrays. Due to the complexity of phase modulation and the large size issues caused by component cascading, large-scale OPA implementation remains challenging.

[0003] Beam splitters are a crucial component of Optical Partition Architectures (OPA), with cascaded beam splitting junctions occupying a significant portion of the OPA's area. Common on-chip beam splitters include Y-branch beam splitters and multimode interference couplers (MMIs). However, as array size increases, the lateral dimension of the bent waveguides connecting adjacent devices also increases. This results in a large overall lateral dimension for the tree-like beam splitting junctions formed by cascading these two types of on-chip beam splitters. T-branch beam splitters offer a unique advantage in this regard; regardless of array size, the lateral dimension of the waveguide connecting adjacent T-branches remains constant. However, current T-branch beam splitters suffer from a 90° bend at the junction, leading to relatively high insertion loss and making them unsuitable for use in tree-like beam splitting junctions in OPAs. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The main objective of this invention is to propose a design method for an optical phased array based on a reverse-designed T-branch, which realizes a compact and ultra-wideband T-branch waveguide and improves the compactness and scanning angle of the optical phased array.

[0005] One aspect of the present invention provides a design method for an optical phased array based on a reverse-designed T-branch, used in optical phased arrays, the optical phased array including a beam splitter, characterized in that:

[0006] Using an Euler waveguide as the first initial structure of the beam splitter, shape adjoint optimization is applied to the first initial structure to obtain the first branch structure;

[0007] Using the first branch structure as the second initial structure, reverse optimization is performed on the second initial structure to obtain the second branch structure, which includes a Y-branch power beam splitter and a T-branch power beam splitter.

[0008] According to the optical phased array design method based on reverse design of T-branch components, the shape-adjoint optimization includes:

[0009] The range of boundary points is determined based on the first initial structure;

[0010] The coordinate functions for the x and y coordinates of the first initial structure are determined based on the range of the boundary points;

[0011] Based on the coordinate function, keeping the x-coordinate unchanged, normalization optimization is performed on the y-coordinate to obtain the first branch structure.

[0012] According to the optical phased array design method based on reverse design of T-branch, the reverse optimization includes:

[0013] The first branch structure is simulated forward and backward based on the extension direction of the beam splitter;

[0014] The gradient information of the second branch structure is calculated based on the simulated structure to obtain the FOM value;

[0015] Iterative optimization of the beam splitter is performed by considering the range of boundary points until the FOM value converges.

[0016] One aspect of the present invention discloses an optical phased array design device based on a reverse-designed T-branch, comprising:

[0017] The first optimization module is used to use an Euler waveguide as the first initial structure of the beam splitter, and to perform shape adjoint optimization on the first initial structure to obtain a first branch structure.

[0018] The second optimization module is used to perform reverse optimization on the second initial structure, using the first branch structure as the second initial structure, to obtain a second branch structure, which includes a Y-branch power splitter and a T-branch power splitter.

[0019] One aspect of the present invention discloses an electronic device, including a processor and a memory;

[0020] The memory is used to store programs;

[0021] The processor executes the program to implement any of the described methods for designing optical phased arrays based on T-branch reverse design.

[0022] One aspect of the present invention discloses a computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that the storage medium stores a program, which is executed by a processor to implement the optical phased array design method based on T-branch reverse design as described in any one of the claims.

[0023] One aspect of the present invention discloses an optical phased array according to any of the methods, including a beam splitting device, the beam splitting device including a tree-shaped multi-layer cascaded structure, each cascaded structure including a beam splitter, the beam splitter including two output waveguides and one input waveguide, the output waveguides being connected to the input waveguide of the beam splitter in the next cascaded structure, and the input waveguides being connected to the output waveguide of the beam splitter in the previous cascaded structure.

[0024] According to the optical phased array, the first spacing of any adjacent cascaded structures in the beam splitter is the same.

[0025] According to the optical phased array, the output waveguide is a curved waveguide, and during the design phase, the width and height of the curved waveguide are dynamically adjusted according to the second spacing between the beam splitter and the transmitting antenna.

[0026] According to the optical phased array, the curved waveguide employs either a Y-branch power beamsplitter or a T-branch power beamsplitter.

[0027] The beneficial effects of this invention are: it realizes an ultra-compact and ultra-wideband integrated optical phased array; through reverse optimization, it makes the optical phased array more compact and has lower loss when the scale increases, so as to realize the large-scale integration of optical phased arrays.

[0028] Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0029] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily understood from the description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the following drawings, in which:

[0030] Figure 1 This is a comparative diagram of the OPA in the prior art and the OPA in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the design method of an optical phased array based on T-branch design according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the shape-accompanied optimization process according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the reverse optimization process according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 5 This is a flowchart of the reverse optimization T-branch algorithm and a schematic diagram of the shape change of the optimized output waveguide according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the T-branch junction in the fourth layer of a 1×16 OPA according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the Y-branch junction in the second layer of a 1×16 OPA according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the T-branch after one reverse optimization according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 9 This is a grating coupler with width perturbation according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 10 This is a curve showing the change in the lateral spacing L between different types of beam splitters as the array size increases, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 11 This is a diagram of an optical phased array design device based on a reverse-designed T-branch according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0041] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings. Throughout the description, the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. In the following description, suffixes such as "module," "part," or "unit" used to denote elements are used only for the purpose of illustrative purposes and have no specific meaning in themselves. Therefore, "module," "part," or "unit" can be used interchangeably. Terms such as "first," "second," etc., are used only to distinguish technical features and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance, or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features, or implicitly indicating the sequential relationship of the indicated technical features. In the following description, the consecutive reference numerals for method steps are for ease of review and understanding. Adjusting the implementation order of steps, in conjunction with the overall technical solution of the present invention and the logical relationship between the various steps, will not affect the technical effect achieved by the technical solution of the present invention. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0042] OPA, Large Scale Optical Phased Array Integrated on Chip.

[0043] refer to Figure 1 The diagram shows a comparison between the existing OPA and the OPA of this invention. Figure 1 (a) shows a conventional OPA optical splitter junction composed of MMI or Y-branch cascades. However, with the increase of array size, the lateral spacing L1, L2, L... between adjacent devices increases. n-1 L nIt will also continue to grow, which will result in a large size of the cascaded junction, which is not conducive to the on-chip integration of optical phased arrays.

[0044] Figure 1 (b) and Figure 1 (c) respectively represent the beam splitting device and beam splitter of the present invention. Figure 1 (b) includes a four-layer cascaded structure, each layer of which includes a beam splitter. The beam splitter includes two output waveguides and one input waveguide. The output waveguides are connected to the input waveguides of the beam splitter in the next layer of the cascaded structure, and the input waveguides are connected to the output waveguides of the beam splitter in the previous layer of the cascaded structure. Figure 1 (b) discloses an embodiment of the present invention based on a 1×16 ultra-compact OPA obtained through reverse optimization. In the entire beam splitter junction, the embodiment employs four reverse-optimized beam splitter schemes. For the third and fourth layers with larger longitudinal spacing, the embodiment employs a reverse-optimized T-branch waveguide; for the first and second layers with smaller longitudinal spacing, the embodiment employs a reverse-optimized Y-branch waveguide, such as... Figure 1 As shown in (c).

[0045] refer to Figure 2 The flowchart shown is a design method for an optical phased array based on T-branch reverse design, which includes, but is not limited to, steps S100~S300:

[0046] S100 uses an Euler waveguide as the first initial structure of the beam splitter. The shape of the first initial structure is optimized to obtain the first branch structure.

[0047] In some embodiments, reference Figure 3 The shape optimization process diagram shown includes, but is not limited to, steps S110 to S130:

[0048] S110, Determine the range of boundary points based on the first initial structure;

[0049] S120, determine the coordinate functions of the x and y coordinates of the first initial structure based on the range of the boundary points;

[0050] S130, based on the coordinate function, keeping the x-coordinate unchanged, and performing normalization optimization on the y-coordinate, the first branch structure is obtained.

[0051] S200, using the first branch structure as the second initial structure, performs reverse optimization on the second initial structure to obtain the second branch structure, which includes a Y-branch power beam splitter and a T-branch power beam splitter.

[0052] In some embodiments, reference Figure 4 The reverse optimization flowchart shown includes, but is not limited to, steps S210 to S230:

[0053] S210, Determine the range of boundary points based on the first initial structure;

[0054] S220, determine the coordinate functions of the x and y coordinates of the first initial structure based on the range of the boundary points;

[0055] S230, based on the coordinate function, keeping the x-coordinate unchanged, and performing normalization optimization on the y-coordinate, the first branch structure is obtained.

[0056] In some embodiments, reference Figure 5 The flowchart of the T-branch algorithm for inverse optimization and the schematic diagram of the shape change of the optimized output waveguide are shown below. Figure 5 (a) is the flowchart of the T-branch algorithm for reverse design. Figure 5 (b)-(d) are the optimization process variation diagrams of the T-branch coupling region and Figure 5 (e) is the iterative transformation curve of the FOM value. Figure 5 (f)-5(h) is the optimization process variation diagram of the T-branch output waveguide and Figure 5 (i) represents the iterative transformation curve of the FOM value. First, refer to... Figure 1 (c) Figure 1 The four beam splitters in (c) are all obtained through staged shape adjoint optimization. Shape adjoint optimization first establishes the mapping relationship between the x and y coordinates of the boundary points, and then continuously changes the y coordinate values ​​of the boundary points based on the gradient information obtained from forward and adjoint simulations. Through continuous iterative optimization, the shape result with converged figure of merit (FOM) is obtained. The staged optimization process of the T-branch is as follows: Figure 5 As shown in (a), Figure 5 The changes in shapes ①~⑥ in (a) and Figure 5 (b)~(d) and Figure 5 (f) ~ (h) are consistent. Figure 5 (b)-(d) represent the first stage of the optimization process. First, using an Eulerian waveguide as the output waveguide of the T-branch, the optimization result of the T-branch coupling junction is obtained through shape adjoint optimization, as shown below. Figure 5 As shown in (d). The second stage involves using the optimized coupling junction as the initial junction and performing reverse optimization to obtain a more compact, lower-loss T-branch output waveguide. The optimization process of the output waveguide is as follows: Figure 5 As shown in (f)-(h).

[0057] In some embodiments, the optimization process for the Y-branch output waveguide is the same as that for the T-branch output waveguide, and will not be elaborated further.

[0058] Figure 6(a) and (d) illustrate two T-branch waveguide junctions obtained through phased shape-adjoint optimization according to embodiments of the present invention. The widths of the input and output waveguides of the two T-branches are set to 500 nm. L1 and L2 represent the lengths of the straight waveguides in the T-branches, respectively. As the array size increases, the T-branches can be stretched in length simply by changing the length of the straight waveguides. To provide a wider beam steering range, the width of the straight waveguides is set to 800 nm in this embodiment. The lower curved waveguide connected to the straight waveguide is obtained through inverse optimization, while the upper output waveguide is obtained by rotating the lower half. For the T-branches in the fourth layer of the OPA bundle junction, the height H1 = 20.5 μm and the width W1 = 7 μm; for the T-branches in the third layer, the height H2 = 20.5 μm and the width W2 = 7 μm. Figure 6 (b) and (e) represent the light field distribution diagrams of the two T branches at a wavelength of 1550 nm. Figure 6 Figures (c) and (f) represent their insertion loss curves, with the red curve representing the overall insertion loss of the T-branch. The insertion loss of both T-branches varies by -0.2 dB within the 1300-1800 nm wavelength range. Therefore, through phased reverse optimization, this embodiment of the invention yields a highly scalable ultra-bandwidth compact T-branch power beam splitter.

[0059] In some embodiments, the longitudinal length of the beam splitter is smaller when the beam splitter junction is close to the transmit antenna of the OPA. Therefore, embodiments of the present invention employ Y-branch power beam splitters with more compact junctions in the first and second layers of the OPA. Figure 7 (a) and (d) represent the Y-branch waveguides obtained by staged reverse optimization in an embodiment of the present invention. The reverse optimization region is divided into two parts: the coupling region and the curved waveguide. The width of the coupling region of both Y-branch waveguides is 2 μm. For the Y-branch in the second layer of the OPA shunting junction, its height H3 = 5.5 μm and the width of the curved waveguide W3 = 6 μm; for the Y-branch in the first layer, its height H4 = 3 μm and the width of the curved waveguide W4 = 3.3 μm. Figure 7 (b) and (e) represent the light field distribution diagrams of the two Y branches at a wavelength of 1550 nm. Figure 7 (c) and (f) represent their insertion loss curves, respectively. The insertion loss of the two T branches varies by -0.4dB in the wavelength range of 1200-1800nm.

[0060] In some implementations, the T-branch that underwent one back-optimization was compared with the T-branch that underwent two phased back-optimizations, such as... Figure 8 As shown. Figure 8(a) represents the T-branch after one inverse optimization. In this embodiment of the invention, a low-loss Euler waveguide is used as the curved waveguide of the T-branch, and the optimized shape of its coupling region is obtained through inverse optimization. However, since the curvature of the Euler waveguide is fixed at a certain radius of curvature, this may not be applicable to T-branchs of arbitrary lengths, and light leakage may occur, such as... Figure 8 As shown in (c). Figure 8 (b) represents the T branch obtained after two back-optimization steps. Figure 8 (d) represents the optical field distribution at a wavelength of 1550nm. The T-branch obtained through two reverse optimizations not only has lower loss at the curved waveguide, but also has a reduced lateral dimension of 2.82μm. Figure 8 (e) compares the insertion loss variation range of the two T-branch junctions in the wavelength range of 1300-1800nm. The T-branch after two reverse optimizations is significantly lower than the T-branch after one reverse optimization in the wavelength range of 1500-1800nm.

[0061] In some implementations, based on the above ultra-compact OPA spooling junction, embodiments of the present invention construct grating couplers based on width perturbation, such as... Figure 9 As shown in (a), the coupling length L = 20 μm, waveguide spacing d = 1.5 μm, waveguide width w1 = 0.5 μm, perturbation width w2 = 0.8 μm, grating period Λ = 0.66 μm, and duty cycle is 50%. When the input wavelength λ changes, the diffraction angle θ also changes accordingly. The T-branch after secondary inverse optimization has a bandwidth of 500 nm. Therefore, theoretically, the diffraction angle θ of the OPA proposed in this embodiment of the invention has a large turning range. Figure 9 (b) shows the variation of the diffraction angle θ in the wavelength range of 1370–1600 nm, with a range of 0.6°–41.6° and a tuning efficiency of 0.178° / nm. Figure 9 (c)-(h) show the far-field distribution at λ = 1370 nm, 1400 nm, 1450 nm, 1500 nm, 1550 nm, and 1600 nm.

[0062] In some implementations, to highlight the ultra-compact advantage of the OPA scheme in the embodiments of the present invention, the embodiments of the present invention are compared with traditional MMI or Y-branch cascaded composition schemes, such as... Figure 10 As shown. When Ln reaches 12 (corresponding to an OPA size of 1×4096), only L 12 The length exceeds 5.5mm. In contrast, when using the T-shaped branching scheme reverse-designed according to the embodiments of the present invention, the lateral spacing Ln between adjacent beam splitters remains at 7μm regardless of the array size. Figure 8As shown in (a). The inset shows the results using a logarithmic scale with respect to the y-axis. Under the same optical phased array height, embodiments of the invention also compare the areas obtained using different beam-splitting schemes, such as... Figure 8 As shown in (b), when the OPA size reaches 1×4096, the area of ​​a traditional OPA is close to 120 mm². 2 It is difficult to integrate such components onto a chip. However, the OPA based on the embodiment of this invention has an area of ​​less than 1 mm² on the same scale. 2 Compared to traditional solutions, this invention reduces the area by 120 times.

[0063] This invention combines shape adjoint optimization algorithms in inverse optimization to obtain a compact T-branch with ultra-wide bandwidth, low loss, and high efficiency, and proposes an ultra-compact OPA scheme accordingly. In the simulated 1×16 OPA beam-splitting structure, each layer's beam splitter was obtained using inverse optimization. Comparison shows that the T-branch optimized by the second direction is more compact and has lower loss than the T-branch based on the Euler waveguide. Furthermore, this invention simulates and tests the constructed grating coupling structure in the wavelength range of 1370-1600 nm, with the diffraction angle θ ranging from 0.6° to 41.6°. Since the lateral distance between adjacent T-branches remains constant regardless of the OPA array size, the T-branch cascaded beam-splitting scheme proposed in this invention can significantly compress the lateral size of the OPA compared to traditional OPA schemes. This is of great significance for the on-chip integration of large-scale OPAs.

[0064] refer to Figure 11 , Figure 11 This is a diagram of an analysis device for an optical phased array design method based on a T-branch structure using reverse design. The device includes a first optimization module 1110 and a second optimization module 1120.

[0065] The first optimization module is used to perform shape adjoint optimization on the first initial structure, which is the Euler waveguide as the beam splitter, to obtain the first branch structure. The second optimization module is used to perform inverse optimization on the second initial structure, which is the first branch structure, to obtain the second branch structure, which includes a Y-branch power beam splitter and a T-branch power beam splitter.

[0066] For example, with the cooperation of the first optimization module and the second optimization module in the device, the embodiment device is applied to a network measurement system. The embodiment device can implement any of the aforementioned optical phased array design methods based on reverse design of T-branch components, that is, using an Euler waveguide as the first initial structure of the beam splitter, performing shape adjoint optimization on the first initial structure to obtain a first branch structure; using the first branch structure as the second initial structure, performing reverse optimization on the second initial structure to obtain a second branch structure, the second branch structure including a Y-branch power beam splitter and a T-branch power beam splitter.

[0067] This invention also provides an electronic device, which includes a processor and a memory;

[0068] The memory stores the program;

[0069] The processor executes a program to perform the aforementioned optical phased array design method based on reverse design T-branch; the electronic device has the function of carrying and running the software system of the optical phased array design method based on reverse design T-branch provided in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0070] This invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a program that is executed by a processor to implement the optical phased array design method based on T-branch reverse design as described above.

[0071] In some alternative embodiments, the functions / operations mentioned in the block diagrams may not occur in the order shown in the operation diagrams. For example, depending on the functions / operations involved, two consecutively shown blocks may actually be executed substantially simultaneously, or the blocks may sometimes be executed in reverse order. Furthermore, the embodiments presented and described in the flowcharts of this invention are provided by way of example to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the technology. The disclosed methods are not limited to the operations and logic flows presented herein. Alternative embodiments are contemplated in which the order of various operations is altered and sub-operations described as part of a larger operation are executed independently.

[0072] This invention also discloses a computer program product or computer program, which includes computer instructions stored in a computer-readable storage medium. A processor of a computer device can read the computer instructions from the computer-readable storage medium and execute the computer instructions, causing the computer device to perform the aforementioned optical phased array design method based on reverse engineering of T-branch structures.

[0073] Furthermore, although the invention has been described in the context of functional modules, it should be understood that, unless otherwise stated, one or more of the described functions and / or features may be integrated into a single physical device and / or software module, or one or more functions and / or features may be implemented in a separate physical device or software module. It is also understood that a detailed discussion of the actual implementation of each module is unnecessary for understanding the invention. Rather, given the properties, functions, and internal relationships of the various functional modules in the apparatus disclosed herein, the actual implementation of the module will be understood within the scope of conventional skill of an engineer. Therefore, those skilled in the art can implement the invention as set forth in the claims using ordinary techniques without excessive experimentation. It is also understood that the specific concepts disclosed are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of the invention, which is determined by the full scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.

[0074] If the aforementioned functions are implemented as software functional units and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this invention, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or a portion of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of this invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0075] The logic and / or steps represented in the flowchart or otherwise described herein, for example, can be considered as a sequenced list of executable instructions for implementing logical functions, and can be embodied in any computer-readable medium for use by, or in conjunction with, an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device (such as a computer-based system, a processor-including system, or other system that can fetch and execute instructions from, an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device). For the purposes of this specification, "computer-readable medium" can be any means that can contain, store, communicate, propagate, or transmit programs for use by, or in conjunction with, an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.

[0076] More specific examples of computer-readable media (a non-exhaustive list) include: electrical connections (electronic devices) having one or more wires, portable computer disk drives (magnetic devices), random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable and editable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), fiber optic devices, and portable optical disc read-only memory (CDROM). Furthermore, computer-readable media can even be paper or other suitable media on which the program can be printed, because the program can be obtained electronically, for example, by optically scanning the paper or other medium, followed by editing, interpreting, or otherwise processing as necessary, and then stored in computer memory.

[0077] It should be understood that various parts of the present invention can be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof. In the above embodiments, multiple steps or methods can be implemented in software or firmware stored in memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system. For example, if implemented in hardware, as in another embodiment, it can be implemented using any one or a combination of the following techniques known in the art: discrete logic circuits having logic gates for implementing logical functions on data signals, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) having suitable combinational logic gates, programmable gate arrays (PGAs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), etc.

[0078] In the description of this specification, references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0079] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

[0080] The above is a detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described. Those skilled in the art can make various equivalent modifications or substitutions without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and these equivalent modifications or substitutions are all included within the scope defined by the claims of this application.

Claims

1. A design method for an optical phased array based on T-branch reverse design, used for optical phased arrays, characterized in that: Using an Euler waveguide as the first initial structure of the beam splitter, shape adjoint optimization is applied to the first initial structure to obtain the first branch structure; Using the first branch structure as the second initial structure, reverse optimization is performed on the second initial structure to obtain the second branch structure, which includes a Y-branch power beam splitter and a T-branch power beam splitter.

2. The optical phased array design method based on reverse design of T-branch structures according to claim 1, characterized in that, The shape optimization includes: The range of boundary points is determined based on the first initial structure; The coordinate functions for the x and y coordinates of the first initial structure are determined based on the range of the boundary points; Based on the coordinate function, keeping the x-coordinate unchanged, normalization optimization is performed on the y-coordinate to obtain the first branch structure.

3. The optical phased array design method based on reverse design of T-branch structures according to claim 2, characterized in that, The reverse optimization includes: The first branch structure is simulated forward and backward based on the extension direction of the beam splitter; The gradient information of the second branch structure is calculated based on the simulated structure to obtain the FOM value; Iterative optimization of the beam splitter is performed by considering the range of boundary points until the FOM value converges.

4. An optical phased array design device based on a reverse-designed T-branch, characterized in that, include: The first optimization module is used to perform shape adjoint optimization on the first initial structure, which uses the Euler waveguide as a beam splitter, to obtain the first branch structure. The second optimization module is used to perform reverse optimization on the second initial structure, using the first branch structure as the second initial structure, to obtain a second branch structure, which includes a Y-branch power splitter and a T-branch power splitter.

5. An electronic device, characterized in that, Including the processor and memory; The memory is used to store programs; The processor executes the program to implement the optical phased array design method based on T-branch composition according to any one of claims 1-3.

6. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The storage medium stores a program that is executed by a processor to implement the optical phased array design method based on T-branch composition of reverse design as described in any one of claims 1-3.

7. An optical phased array according to any one of claims 1-3, comprising a beam splitting device, the beam splitting device comprising a tree-shaped multi-layer cascaded structure, each cascaded structure comprising a beam splitter, the beam splitter comprising two output waveguides and one input waveguide, the output waveguides being connected to the input waveguide of the beam splitter in the next cascaded structure, and the input waveguides being connected to the output waveguide of the beam splitter in the previous cascaded structure.

8. The optical phased array according to claim 7, characterized in that, The first spacing between any two adjacent cascaded structures in the beam splitter is the same, and the first spacing is the lateral spacing between the beam splitters of any two adjacent cascaded structures.

9. The optical phased array according to claim 7, characterized in that, The output waveguide is a curved waveguide, and during the design phase, the width and height of the curved waveguide are dynamically adjusted according to the second spacing between the beam splitter and the transmitting antenna.

10. The optical phased array according to claim 9, characterized in that, The curved waveguide employs either a Y-branch power beamsplitter or a T-branch power beamsplitter.

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