Columnar antenna for side-oriented beamforming

Abstract

The application provides a side direction beamforming columnar antenna, which comprises a columnar antenna and a side direction beamforming unit, wherein based on formation of a first conducting path on the side direction beamforming unit satisfying corresponding requirements, a radiation beam of the columnar antenna can be directionally beamformed in a side direction of the columnar antenna to have a side direction radiation direction, and based on formation of a second conducting path on the side direction beamforming unit satisfying corresponding requirements, backward radiation gain of the columnar antenna in the side direction radiation direction can be inhibited, so as to reduce the probability that the side direction beamforming columnar antenna is interfered by side backward action and electromagnetic interference, and reduce the probability that the side direction beamforming columnar antenna generates self-excitation interference based on side backward strong reflection and multipath reflection, thereby being beneficial to improving the applicability and anti-interference performance of the side direction beamforming columnar antenna.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of microwave detection, and particularly to a cylindrical antenna with lateral directional beamforming, based on the directional radiation requirements of antennas in the field of microwave detection. Background Technology

[0002] Microwave detection technology operates based on the microwave Doppler effect. It can detect activity in a target space to determine whether a human body has entered or is present within that space. This allows for the detection of moving objects without infringing on human privacy, making it a crucial link between people and objects, and between objects themselves, and thus has broad application prospects in behavior detection and presence detection. Specifically, microwave detection technology involves emitting a microwave beam into the target space to form a detection area, and receiving the reflected echo formed by the microwave beam being reflected by corresponding objects within the detection area. Subsequently, a Doppler intermediate frequency (IF) signal corresponding to the frequency and phase difference between the microwave beam and the reflected echo is output using a mixing and detection method. Based on the Doppler effect, the amplitude fluctuation of the Doppler IF signal corresponds to the movement of the object, making it suitable for characterizing human activity in human activity detection applications. The microwave detection antenna serves as the basic hardware for emitting the microwave beam and / or receiving the reflected echo in microwave detection technology. Its structural form and related performance parameters directly affect the structural design and performance of the corresponding microwave detection device.

[0003] Cylindrical antennas, due to their structural characteristics, are often used as microwave detection antennas in the field of microwave detection. Specifically, please refer to the accompanying drawings in the specification of this invention. Figure 1As shown, the structure of the existing cylindrical antenna 10P, its corresponding radiation pattern, and the S11 curve are schematically illustrated. The cylindrical antenna 10P includes a cylindrical radiating source 11P and a reference ground plane 12P. The reference ground plane 12P has a radiation aperture 121P. The cylindrical radiating source 11P extends directly from one end, penetrating the reference ground plane 12P perpendicularly through the radiation aperture 121P while being spaced apart from it. This end is designated as the feed end 111P of the cylindrical radiating source 11P. The end of the cylindrical radiating source 11P furthest from the feed end 111P is connected to the reference ground plane 12P. The reference ground 12P has a distance of approximately one-quarter wavelength electrical length between it and the reference ground 12P. This means the columnar radiating source 11P has a physical length of approximately one-quarter wavelength electrical length. Correspondingly, when the columnar radiating source 11P is fed by a corresponding excitation signal at the feed end 111P, the columnar radiating source 11P can couple with the reference ground 12P to emit a microwave beam at a frequency corresponding to the excitation signal, thereby forming a radiation space centered on the axis of the columnar radiating source 11P. This radiation space is the coverage area of ​​the microwave beam emitted by the columnar antenna 10P. Under the excitation of the corresponding excitation signal, the columnar radiating source 11P... The current density is highest at the end of the radiation source 11P furthest from the feed terminal 111P. Therefore, under a suitable area setting of the reference ground 12P, the electromagnetic radiation range of the cylindrical antenna 10P, bounded by the reference ground 12P, tends to be consistent and lacks directional radiation capability. Furthermore, a detection dead zone is formed in the extension direction at both ends of the cylindrical radiation source 11P. Correspondingly, the radiation space exhibits a large backward lobe bounded by the reference ground 12P, and a concave detection dead zone in the extension direction at both ends of the cylindrical radiation source 11P, with the axis of the cylindrical radiation source 11P as the central axis. This can easily lead to problems in practical applications. The detection area of ​​the rod antenna 10P cannot match the target space, for example, the detection area partially overlaps with the target space, thus the target space outside the detection area cannot be effectively detected, and / or the detection area outside the target space is subject to environmental interference, including motion interference, electromagnetic interference, and self-excitation interference caused by electromagnetic shielding environment. This results in poor detection accuracy and / or poor anti-interference performance of the rod antenna 10P. In other words, the rod antenna 10P has poor detection stability in practical applications and limited adaptability to different application scenarios. Summary of the Invention

[0004] One object of the present invention is to provide a cylindrical antenna with lateral directional beamforming, wherein the cylindrical antenna with lateral directional beamforming can directionally shape the radiation beam of a conventional cylindrical antenna in a lateral direction (perpendicular to the reference ground) based on the arrangement of a lateral shaping unit, so as to make the cylindrical antenna with lateral directional beamforming more suitable for microwave detection fields with directional radiation requirements.

[0005] Another object of the present invention is to provide a lateral directional beamforming cylindrical antenna, wherein the lateral directional beamforming cylindrical antenna directionally shapes the radiation beam of the conventional cylindrical antenna in the lateral direction (perpendicular to the reference ground) based on the arrangement of the lateral shaping unit, so as to form directional radiation in the radiation pattern relative to the conventional cylindrical antenna and reduce radiation sidelobes (including sidelobes and back lobes). This is beneficial to reducing motion interference, electromagnetic interference and self-excitation interference caused by radiation sidelobes, and thus has excellent anti-interference performance compared with conventional cylindrical antennas.

[0006] Another object of the present invention is to provide a lateral directional beamforming cylindrical antenna, wherein the lateral directional beamforming cylindrical antenna uses the lateral direction of the beam radiation direction (the direction perpendicular to the reference ground) of a conventional cylindrical antenna as the beam radiation direction, and can avoid the formation of a detection dead zone in the directional radiation direction compared with a conventional cylindrical antenna, thus having better applicability in the field of microwave detection compared with a conventional cylindrical antenna.

[0007] Another object of the present invention is to provide a lateral directional beamforming cylindrical antenna, wherein the lateral directional beamforming cylindrical antenna takes the lateral direction (perpendicular to the reference ground) of the beam radiation direction of a conventional cylindrical antenna as its beam radiation direction. The lateral directional beamforming cylindrical antenna has a tilt of approximately 90 degrees relative to the conventional cylindrical antenna in the radiation direction, and the radiation direction of the lateral directional beamforming cylindrical antenna tends to be parallel to the corresponding reference ground, thereby making the lateral directional beamforming cylindrical antenna have a relatively small projected area in its radiation direction. Thus, when the lateral beamforming cylindrical antenna is installed in a product form (such as a lamp or microwave sensing and control device), the area required for the detection surface of the corresponding product can be reduced compared to a conventional cylindrical antenna. This is beneficial for the miniaturization design of the product in which the lateral beamforming cylindrical antenna is installed. Furthermore, when the corresponding product is a lamp and has an illumination direction that is in the same direction as the radiation direction of the lateral beamforming cylindrical antenna, the installation method of the lateral beamforming cylindrical antenna reduces / avoids the generation of shadows, thereby ensuring uniform light emission from the light-emitting surface of the lamp.

[0008] Another object of the present invention is to provide a lateral directional beamforming cylindrical antenna, wherein, based on the shape and size design of the lateral beamforming unit, the beamform of the lateral directional beamforming cylindrical antenna in the lateral directional radiation direction can be adjusted, thus having a more flexible beamform than the single beamform of a traditional cylindrical antenna, which is beneficial to improving the adaptability of the lateral directional beamforming cylindrical antenna to different target detection spaces.

[0009] Another object of the present invention is to provide a lateral beamforming cylindrical antenna, wherein the lateral beamforming unit is shaped and sized in a variety of ways to adapt to different application / installation requirements based on the lateral direction of the conventional cylindrical antenna’s beam radiation direction (perpendicular to the reference ground), thereby facilitating the popularization of microwave detection technology.

[0010] Another object of the present invention is to provide a lateral beamforming cylindrical antenna, wherein the lateral beamforming unit is configured in a metal cylindrical shape to meet the corresponding requirements, thereby maintaining the structural simplicity advantage of the lateral beamforming cylindrical antenna on the basis of the structure of a conventional cylindrical antenna.

[0011] Another object of the present invention is to provide a lateral beamforming cylindrical antenna, wherein the lateral beamforming unit is configured to meet the required metal surface shape, which is beneficial for shielding the cylindrical radiation source of the lateral beamforming cylindrical antenna based on the lateral beamforming unit, maintaining the stability of the medium space between the cylindrical radiation source and the reference ground, thereby ensuring the working stability of the lateral beamforming cylindrical antenna and reducing the probability of the lateral beamforming cylindrical antenna being interfered with by small moving objects such as rain, mosquitoes, fallen leaves, and flying snow.

[0012] Another objective of this invention is to provide a lateral beamforming cylindrical antenna, wherein the lateral beamforming unit maintains the structural simplicity of the lateral beamforming cylindrical antenna on the basis of the traditional cylindrical antenna structure, and avoids the formation of a detection dead zone in the directional radiation direction while forming directional radiation. Therefore, it combines the performance advantages of existing planar patch antennas and the structural advantages of traditional cylindrical antennas, and has outstanding application value and commercial significance.

[0013] Another object of the present invention is to provide a laterally oriented beamforming cylindrical antenna, wherein the lateral shaping element is disposed of in a metallic conductive material, wherein the shortest path between any two points on the lateral shaping element is the conduction path between those two points, the lateral shaping element has a first ground point and at least one first conduction path having a path endpoint at the first ground point and having an electrical length approaching a quarter wavelength, wherein another path endpoint of the first conduction path is named a free point, and the intercept point of the cylindrical radiation source on the plane where the reference ground is located is named the radiation source point of the laterally oriented beamforming cylindrical antenna, wherein the free point of the first conduction path and the reference ground are... The distance between the first grounding point and the radiation source point of the first conductive path is greater than or equal to one-eighth of the electrical wavelength and is located in the positive direction (direction of the columnar radiation source extending from the feed end) of the reference ground. The distance between the first grounding point and the radiation source point of the first conductive path is greater than or equal to one-sixteenth of the electrical wavelength and less than or equal to one-half of the electrical wavelength. Thus, based on the first conductive path of the lateral shaping unit that meets the above requirements, a suppression electric field capable of suppressing the radiation near field of the conventional columnar antenna is formed in the lateral direction of the beam radiation direction of the conventional columnar antenna (the direction perpendicular to the reference ground). This results in the directional shaping of the radiation beam of the conventional columnar antenna in the lateral direction of the beam radiation direction of the conventional columnar antenna.

[0014] Another object of the present invention is to provide a lateral directional beamforming cylindrical antenna, wherein the radiation gain of the lateral directional beamforming cylindrical antenna in the rearward direction (the direction behind the lateral directional radiation direction) can be suppressed based on the setting of at least one second conduction path of the lateral beamforming unit, thereby reducing the probability of the lateral directional beamforming cylindrical antenna being subjected to rearward motion interference and electromagnetic interference, and reducing the probability of the lateral directional beamforming cylindrical antenna generating self-excited interference based on strong rearward reflection and multipath reflection, thus further improving the applicability and anti-interference performance of the lateral directional beamforming cylindrical antenna.

[0015] Another object of the present invention is to provide a lateral directional beamforming cylindrical antenna, wherein the lateral beamforming unit has a second ground point and a second conductive path having the second ground point as a path endpoint and having a length approaching one-quarter wavelength, wherein another path endpoint of the second conductive path is named a free point, the distance between the free point of the second conductive path and the reference ground is greater than or equal to one-eighth wavelength and is located in the space behind the reference ground, wherein the distance between the second ground point of the second conductive path and the radiation source point is greater than or equal to one-sixteenth wavelength and less than or equal to one-half wavelength, thereby forming a suppression electric field capable of suppressing the radiation near field of the cylindrical antenna in the rearward direction based on the second conductive path of the lateral beamforming unit, thereby suppressing the radiation gain of the lateral directional beamforming cylindrical antenna in the rearward direction (the rearward direction of the lateral directional radiation direction).

[0016] Another objective of this invention is to provide a lateral directional beamforming cylindrical antenna, wherein the radiating beam of the lateral directional beamforming cylindrical antenna in the lateral directional radiation direction can be tilted based on the setting of the second conduction path of the lateral beamforming unit that meets the above requirements, specifically tilted in the direction of the cylindrical radiation source. This allows the detection of the lateral directional beamforming cylindrical antenna with a certain angle of tilt relative to the ground, based on both vertical mounting (cylindrical radiation source pointing to the ground) and lateral mounting (cylindrical radiation source pointing horizontally) corresponding to the direction of the cylindrical radiation source. While increasing the detection area, it also provides high sensitivity and accuracy feedback on relative motion along the main radiation direction based on the Doppler effect principle, thereby improving the sensitivity and accuracy of the lateral directional beamforming cylindrical antenna in detecting horizontally moving human bodies.

[0017] Another object of the present invention is to provide a lateral directional beamforming cylindrical antenna, wherein the radiating beam of the lateral directional beamforming cylindrical antenna in the lateral directional radiation direction can be tilted based on the setting of the second conduction path of the lateral shaping unit that satisfies the above requirements, and the tilt angle of the radiating beam of the lateral directional beamforming cylindrical antenna in the lateral directional radiation direction can be adjusted / set based on the shape and size adjustment / setting of the corresponding lateral shaping unit, thereby further improving the adaptability of the lateral directional beamforming cylindrical antenna to different application / installation requirements (such as installation height).

[0018] Another object of the present invention is to provide a lateral directional beamforming cylindrical antenna, wherein the lateral directional beamforming cylindrical antenna further includes a lateral backward radiation suppression unit, wherein the lateral backward radiation suppression unit is disposed in the space behind the reference ground and electrically connected to the lateral beamforming unit, so as to further suppress the radiation gain of the lateral directional beamforming cylindrical antenna in the lateral backward direction (the backward direction of the lateral directional radiation direction) based on the corresponding shape and size design of the lateral backward radiation suppression unit, thereby correspondingly reducing the probability of the lateral directional beamforming cylindrical antenna being subjected to lateral backward motion interference and electromagnetic interference, and reducing the probability of the lateral directional beamforming cylindrical antenna generating self-excited interference based on strong lateral backward reflection and multipath reflection, thus further improving the applicability and anti-interference performance of the lateral directional beamforming cylindrical antenna.

[0019] Another object of the present invention is to provide a cylindrical antenna with lateral directional beamforming, wherein the lateral backscattering radiation suppression unit is integrally formed on the lateral beamforming unit based on the extension of the lateral beamforming unit in the lateral directional radiation direction, thereby simplifying the structural design of the cylindrical antenna with lateral directional beamforming.

[0020] According to one aspect of the present invention, a laterally directional beamforming cylindrical antenna is provided, the laterally directional beamforming cylindrical antenna comprising:

[0021] A cylindrical antenna, wherein the cylindrical antenna includes a cylindrical radiating source and a reference ground, wherein one end of the cylindrical radiating source extends directly toward the reference ground in a positive direction, spaced apart from the reference ground, wherein the cylindrical radiating source is fed from this end, and the other end of the cylindrical radiating source away from the feed end is located in the positive space of the reference ground; and

[0022] A lateral beamforming unit is provided, wherein the lateral beamforming unit is disposed of as a metallic conductive material, wherein the shortest path between any two points on the lateral beamforming unit is the conduction path between those two points, the lateral beamforming unit has a first ground point and a first conduction path having a quarter wavelength electrical length with the first ground point as the path endpoint, wherein the wavelength is the wavelength corresponding to the frequency of the feed signal connected to the feed terminal of the columnar radiation source, wherein the lateral beamforming unit is grounded at the first ground point, wherein the other path endpoint of the first conduction path is named a free point, and the intersection point where the columnar radiation source intersects or extends to intersect the plane where the reference ground is located is named the lateral directional beamforming unit. The radiating source point of the cylindrical antenna is provided, wherein the free point and the end of the cylindrical radiating source away from the feed end are located in the positive space of the reference ground and have a distance greater than or equal to one-eighth of the electrical wavelength between them and the reference ground. The distance between the first ground point of the first conductive path and the radiating source point is greater than or equal to one-sixteenth of the electrical wavelength and less than or equal to one-half of the electrical wavelength. Thus, based on the first conductive path of the lateral shaping unit that satisfies the above requirements, a suppression electric field capable of suppressing the near field of radiation of the cylindrical antenna is formed in the lateral direction of the cylindrical radiating source, thereby directional shaping of the radiation beam of the cylindrical antenna in the lateral direction of the cylindrical radiating source.

[0023] In one embodiment, the lateral shaping unit is disposed in the form of a columnar metal strip and electrically connected to the reference ground at one end to form the first grounding point of the lateral shaping unit. Corresponding to the state in which the first conductive path has the first grounding point as the path endpoint and has a quarter wavelength electrical length, the lateral shaping unit disposed in the form of a columnar metal strip is disposed with a physical length greater than or equal to a quarter wavelength electrical length.

[0024] In one embodiment, the lateral shaping unit, which is configured in the form of a columnar metal strip, is configured to have a physical length equal to a quarter wavelength electrical length, so as to form the free point at the other end of the lateral shaping unit. A first conductive path, which corresponds to the lateral shaping unit and has a path endpoint at the first ground point and has a length approaching a quarter wavelength electrical length, is formed between the two ends of the lateral shaping unit configured in the form of a columnar metal strip.

[0025] In one embodiment, the lateral shaping unit, which is arranged in the form of a columnar metal strip, is configured such that the distance between the first grounding point of the first conduction path and the radiation source point is equal to a quarter wavelength electrical length.

[0026] In one embodiment, the lateral shaping unit is configured as a straight-extending columnar metal strip, wherein the lateral shaping unit configured as a straight-extending columnar metal strip is perpendicular to the reference ground.

[0027] In one embodiment, the lateral shaping unit is disposed in the form of a metallic surface, with the height direction of the lateral shaping unit being perpendicular to the reference ground. The projection surface of the lateral shaping unit in at least one radial direction of the columnar radiation source has a width greater than or equal to one-thirty-second of the electrical wavelength.

[0028] In one embodiment, the lateral shaping unit, which is configured in the form of a metal surface, forms a metal surface in the lateral and apical directions of the columnar radiation source, respectively.

[0029] In one embodiment, the lateral shaping unit, which is configured in the form of a metal surface, forms a metal surface on each of the two mutually perpendicular lateral directions of the columnar radiation source.

[0030] In one embodiment, the lateral shaping unit is configured in the form of a concave metal surface, wherein the lateral shaping unit configured in the form of a concave metal surface is arranged laterally around the columnar radiation source with the columnar radiation source located within the concave space of the concave metal surface.

[0031] In one embodiment, the lateral shaping unit, which is configured in the form of a metallic surface, forms a lateral opening in the lateral direction of the columnar radiation source with the reference ground as its base.

[0032] In one embodiment, the laterally oriented beamforming cylindrical antenna further has a beam-expanding channel formed with a metallic material as the channel wall, wherein the beam-expanding channel has a connection port and an expansion port, wherein the connection port matches and is connected to the lateral opening of the lateral shaping unit, wherein, in the state where the connection port is connected to the lateral opening of the lateral shaping unit, the expansion port has an aperture that is expanded relative to the connection port in a direction perpendicular to the reference ground.

[0033] In one embodiment, the projection direction of the maximum projection surface of the lateral beamforming unit in the radial direction of the cylindrical radiation source is defined as a lateral directional radiation direction. The lateral beamforming unit has a second grounding point and a second conductive path with the second grounding point as the path endpoint and having a length approaching one-quarter wavelength. The other path endpoint of the second conductive path is named a free point. The distance between the free point of the second conductive path and the reference ground is greater than or equal to one-eighth wavelength and is located in the space behind the reference ground. The distance between the second grounding point of the second conductive path and the radiation source point is greater than or equal to one-sixteenth wavelength and less than or equal to one-half wavelength. Thus, based on the second conductive path of the lateral beamforming unit that satisfies the above requirements, a suppression electric field capable of suppressing the radiation near field of the cylindrical antenna is formed in the rearward direction of the lateral directional radiation direction, thereby suppressing the radiation gain of the lateral directional beamforming cylindrical antenna in the rearward direction of the lateral directional radiation direction.

[0034] In one embodiment, the portion of the lateral shaping unit located in the back space of the reference ground integrally extends into the portion of the lateral shaping unit located in the front space of the reference ground.

[0035] In one embodiment, at least one of the structural features of the morphological features, size features, and positional features of the lateral shaping unit is adjustable.

[0036] In one embodiment, the portion of the lateral shaping unit located in the front space of the reference ground and the portion located in the back space of the reference ground are designed separately.

[0037] In one embodiment, at least one of the structural features of the morphological features, size features, and positional features of the lateral shaping unit, which employs a split design, is adjustable.

[0038] In one embodiment, a straight line is defined along the lateral directional radiation direction from the radiation source point, and a lateral region is defined by a range on the plane where the reference ground is located, the distance between the straight line and the line is less than or equal to one-eighth of the electrical wavelength. The cylindrical antenna for lateral directional beamforming further includes a lateral backward radiation suppression unit electrically connected to the lateral shaping unit in the back space of the reference ground. The lateral backward radiation suppression unit defines a projection area on the plane where the reference ground is located in a direction perpendicular to the reference ground. The projection area has a length dimension greater than or equal to one-eighth of the electrical wavelength along the lateral directional radiation direction outside the lateral region.

[0039] In one embodiment, the vertical projection of the lateral radiation suppression unit onto the plane of the reference ground is located only outside the lateral region and does not include the portion located within the lateral region.

[0040] In one embodiment, the vertical projection of the lateral radiation suppression unit onto the plane where the reference ground is located simultaneously includes a portion located within the lateral region.

[0041] In one embodiment, the rearward radiation suppression unit is disposed in a planar form as a conductive layer carried on a circuit board.

[0042] In one embodiment, the rear-side radiation suppression unit is arranged in the form of an annular panel.

[0043] In one embodiment, the rearward radiation suppression unit is arranged in a circular planar shape.

[0044] In one embodiment, the lateral shaping unit has an arcuate shape in its width direction and has arcuate ends located in the forward and backward spaces of the reference ground, respectively, wherein the rearward radiation suppression unit, which is arranged in a circular planar shape, has a diameter that matches the shape of the arcuate ends of the lateral shaping unit.

[0045] In one embodiment, the arc-shaped end of the lateral shaping unit located in the back space of the reference ground is set to have a length greater than or equal to half a wavelength electrical length, and the arc-shaped end of the lateral shaping unit located in the front space of the reference ground is set to have a length greater than or equal to a quarter wavelength electrical length.

[0046] In one embodiment, the reference ground surface is provided with an arcuate edge that matches the lateral shaping unit, the length of the arcuate edge of the reference ground surface being greater than the width of the lateral shaping unit in the plane where the reference ground surface is located, wherein the lateral shaping unit is rotatably disposed about the arcuate edge of the reference ground surface. Further objects and advantages of the invention will become fully apparent from the following description and the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0047] Figure 1 This diagram illustrates the structural principle of an existing cylindrical antenna, along with its corresponding radiation pattern and S11 curve.

[0048] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a cylindrical antenna with unidirectional beamforming according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, along with a radiation pattern and S11 curve corresponding to the structure.

[0049] Figure 3This is a schematic diagram of a cylindrical antenna with lateral directional beamforming according to the above-described preferred embodiment of the present invention, based on the size variation of the lateral beamforming unit, and a radiation pattern and S11 curve corresponding to the structure.

[0050] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of another structure of the cylindrical antenna with lateral directional beamforming according to the above preferred embodiment of the present invention, based on the size variation of the lateral beamforming unit, and a radiation pattern and S11 curve corresponding to the structure.

[0051] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a cylindrical antenna with lateral directional beamforming according to the above-described preferred embodiment of the present invention, based on the morphological changes of the lateral beamforming unit, and a radiation pattern and S11 curve corresponding to the structure.

[0052] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of another structure of the cylindrical antenna with lateral directional beamforming according to the above preferred embodiment of the present invention, based on the morphological changes of the lateral shaping unit, and a radiation pattern and S11 curve corresponding to the structure.

[0053] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a cylindrical antenna with lateral directional beamforming according to the above-described preferred embodiment of the present invention, based on the positional variation of the lateral beamforming unit, and a radiation pattern corresponding to the structure.

[0054] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of another structure of the cylindrical antenna with lateral directional beamforming according to the above preferred embodiment of the present invention, based on the positional variation of the lateral beamforming unit, and a radiation pattern corresponding to this structure.

[0055] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of another structure of the cylindrical antenna with lateral directional beamforming according to the above preferred embodiment of the present invention, based on the positional variation of the lateral beamforming unit, and a radiation pattern corresponding to this structure.

[0056] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of another structure of the cylindrical antenna with lateral directional beamforming according to the above preferred embodiment of the present invention, based on the positional variation of the lateral beamforming unit, and a radiation pattern corresponding to this structure.

[0057] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of another structure of the cylindrical antenna with lateral directional beamforming according to the above preferred embodiment of the present invention, based on the positional variation of the lateral beamforming unit, and a radiation pattern corresponding to this structure.

[0058] Figure 12This is a schematic diagram of another structure of the cylindrical antenna with lateral directional beamforming according to the above preferred embodiment of the present invention, based on the positional variation of the lateral beamforming unit, and a radiation pattern corresponding to this structure.

[0059] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of another structure of the cylindrical antenna with lateral directional beamforming according to the above-described preferred embodiment of the present invention, based on the material variation of the lateral beamforming unit, and a radiation pattern corresponding to the structure.

[0060] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of a lateral directional beamforming cylindrical antenna according to the above-described preferred embodiment of the present invention, based on the change in the connection relationship of the lateral beamforming units, and a radiation pattern corresponding to the structure.

[0061] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of another structure of the cylindrical antenna with lateral directional beamforming according to the above preferred embodiment of the present invention, based on the change in the connection relationship of the lateral beamforming unit, and a radiation pattern of the corresponding structure.

[0062] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of another structure of the cylindrical antenna with lateral directional beamforming according to the above preferred embodiment of the present invention, based on the change in the connection relationship of the lateral beamforming unit, and a radiation pattern of the corresponding structure.

[0063] Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of a lateral directional beamforming cylindrical antenna based on the shape and size changes of the lateral beamforming unit according to the above preferred embodiment of the present invention, and a radiation pattern corresponding to the structure.

[0064] Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of another structure of the cylindrical antenna with lateral directional beamforming according to the above-described preferred embodiment of the present invention, based on the morphological and dimensional changes of the lateral beamforming unit, and a radiation pattern corresponding to this structure.

[0065] Figure 19 This is a schematic diagram of another structure of the cylindrical antenna with lateral directional beamforming according to the above-described preferred embodiment of the present invention, based on the morphological and dimensional changes of the lateral beamforming unit, and a radiation pattern corresponding to this structure.

[0066] Figure 20 This is a schematic diagram of another structure of the cylindrical antenna with lateral directional beamforming according to the above-described preferred embodiment of the present invention, based on the morphological and dimensional changes of the lateral beamforming unit, and a radiation pattern corresponding to this structure.

[0067] Figure 21This is a schematic diagram of another structure of the cylindrical antenna with lateral directional beamforming according to the above-described preferred embodiment of the present invention, based on the morphological and dimensional changes of the lateral beamforming unit, and a radiation pattern corresponding to this structure.

[0068] Figure 22 This is a schematic diagram of another structure of the cylindrical antenna with lateral directional beamforming according to the above-described preferred embodiment of the present invention, based on the morphological and dimensional changes of the lateral beamforming unit, and a radiation pattern corresponding to this structure.

[0069] Figure 23 This is a schematic diagram of another structure of the cylindrical antenna with lateral directional beamforming according to the above-described preferred embodiment of the present invention, based on the morphological and dimensional changes of the lateral beamforming unit, and a radiation pattern corresponding to this structure.

[0070] Figure 24 This is a schematic diagram of another structure of the cylindrical antenna with lateral directional beamforming according to the above-described preferred embodiment of the present invention, based on the morphological and dimensional changes of the lateral beamforming unit, and a radiation pattern corresponding to this structure.

[0071] Figure 25 This is a schematic diagram of another structure of the cylindrical antenna with lateral directional beamforming according to the above-described preferred embodiment of the present invention, based on the morphological and dimensional changes of the lateral beamforming unit, and a radiation pattern corresponding to this structure.

[0072] Figure 26 This is a schematic diagram of another structure of the cylindrical antenna with lateral directional beamforming according to the above-described preferred embodiment of the present invention, based on the morphological and dimensional changes of the lateral beamforming unit, and a radiation pattern corresponding to this structure.

[0073] Figure 27 This is a schematic diagram of another structure of the cylindrical antenna with lateral directional beamforming according to the above-described preferred embodiment of the present invention, based on the morphological and dimensional changes of the lateral beamforming unit, and a radiation pattern corresponding to this structure.

[0074] Figure 28 This is a schematic diagram of another structure of the cylindrical antenna with lateral directional beamforming according to the above-described preferred embodiment of the present invention, based on the morphological and dimensional changes of the lateral beamforming unit, and a radiation pattern corresponding to this structure.

[0075] Figure 29 This is a schematic diagram of a cylindrical antenna with unidirectional beamforming according to another embodiment of the present invention and a corresponding radiation pattern.

[0076] Figure 30 This is a schematic diagram of a cylindrical antenna with lateral directional beamforming according to the above-described preferred embodiment of the present invention, based on a variation in the number of lateral beamforming elements, and a corresponding radiation pattern of the structure.

[0077] Figure 31 This is a schematic diagram of another structure of the cylindrical antenna with lateral directional beamforming according to the above preferred embodiment of the present invention, based on the variation of the number of lateral beamforming elements, and a radiation pattern of the corresponding structure.

[0078] Figure 32 This is a schematic diagram of a lateral directional beamforming cylindrical antenna based on a structural variation of a cylindrical antenna according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and a radiation pattern corresponding to the structure.

[0079] Figure 33 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the lateral directional beamforming cylindrical antenna according to the above-described preferred embodiment of the present invention, based on structural changes of the cylindrical antenna and changes in the number of lateral beamforming units, and a radiation pattern corresponding to the structure.

[0080] Figure 34 The lateral directional beamforming cylindrical antenna structure described in the above preferred embodiment of the present invention is further optimized and applied to detection application scenarios where it is tilted at a certain angle relative to the ground based on the lateral mounting method.

[0081] Figure 35 The above-described optimized structure of the lateral directional beamforming cylindrical antenna according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown in the structural schematic diagram and radiation pattern.

[0082] Figure 36 This is a schematic diagram and radiation pattern of the optimized structure of the lateral directional beamforming cylindrical antenna according to the above preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0083] Figure 37 The above-described optimized structure of the lateral directional beamforming cylindrical antenna according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown in the schematic diagram and radiation pattern based on the corresponding structural changes.

[0084] Figure 38 The above-described optimized structure of the lateral directional beamforming cylindrical antenna according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown in the schematic diagram and radiation pattern based on the corresponding structural changes.

[0085] Figure 39 The above-described optimized structure of the lateral directional beamforming cylindrical antenna according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown in the schematic diagram and radiation pattern based on the corresponding structural changes.

[0086] Figure 40 The above-described optimized structure of the lateral directional beamforming cylindrical antenna according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown in the schematic diagram and radiation pattern based on the corresponding structural changes.

[0087] Figure 41 The above-described optimized structure of the lateral directional beamforming cylindrical antenna according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown in the schematic diagram and radiation pattern based on the corresponding structural changes.

[0088] Figure 42 The above-described optimized structure of the lateral directional beamforming cylindrical antenna according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown in the structural schematic diagram and radiation pattern based on the corresponding structural changes.

[0089] Figure 43 The above-described optimized structure of the lateral directional beamforming cylindrical antenna according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown in the structural schematic diagram and radiation pattern based on the corresponding structural changes.

[0090] Figure 44 The above-described optimized structure of the lateral directional beamforming cylindrical antenna according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown in the structural schematic diagram and radiation pattern based on the corresponding structural changes.

[0091] Figure 45 The above-described optimized structure of the lateral directional beamforming cylindrical antenna according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown in the structural schematic diagram and radiation pattern based on the corresponding structural changes.

[0092] Figure 46 The above-described optimized structure of the lateral directional beamforming cylindrical antenna according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown in the structural schematic diagram and radiation pattern based on the corresponding structural changes.

[0093] Figure 47 The above-described optimized structure of the lateral directional beamforming cylindrical antenna according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown in the structural schematic diagram and radiation pattern based on the corresponding structural changes.

[0094] Figure 48 The above-described optimized structure of the lateral directional beamforming cylindrical antenna according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown in the structural schematic diagram and radiation pattern based on the corresponding structural changes.

[0095] Figure 49 The above-described optimized structure of the lateral directional beamforming cylindrical antenna according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown in the structural schematic diagram and radiation pattern based on the corresponding structural changes.

[0096] Figure 50 The above-described optimized structure of the lateral directional beamforming cylindrical antenna according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown in the structural schematic diagram and radiation pattern based on the corresponding structural changes.

[0097] Figure 51The above-described optimized structure of the lateral directional beamforming cylindrical antenna according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown in the structural schematic diagram and radiation pattern based on the corresponding structural changes.

[0098] Figure 52 The above-described optimized structure of the lateral directional beamforming cylindrical antenna according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown in the structural schematic diagram and radiation pattern based on the corresponding structural changes.

[0099] Figure 53 The above-described optimized structure of the lateral directional beamforming cylindrical antenna according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown in the structural schematic diagram and radiation pattern based on the corresponding structural changes.

[0100] Figure 54A and 54B The above-described optimized structure of the lateral directional beamforming cylindrical antenna according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown in the structural schematic diagram and the corresponding radiation pattern based on the structural changes.

[0101] Figure 55 The above-described optimized structure of the lateral directional beamforming cylindrical antenna according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown in the structural schematic diagram and the corresponding radiation pattern based on the structural changes.

[0102] Figure 56 The above-described optimized structure of the lateral directional beamforming cylindrical antenna according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown in the structural schematic diagram and the corresponding radiation pattern based on the structural changes. Detailed Implementation

[0103] The following description is intended to disclose the present invention and enable those skilled in the art to implement it. The preferred embodiments described below are merely examples, and other obvious variations will occur to those skilled in the art. The basic principles of the invention defined in the following description can be applied to other embodiments, modifications, improvements, equivalents, and other technical solutions that do not depart from the spirit and scope of the invention.

[0104] Those skilled in the art should understand that, in the disclosure of this invention, the terms "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, the above terms should not be construed as limiting this invention.

[0105] It is understood that the term "a" should be understood as "at least one" or "one or more", that is, in one embodiment, the number of an element can be one, while in another embodiment, the number of the elements can be multiple, and the term "a" should not be understood as a limitation on the number.

[0106] This invention provides a cylindrical antenna with unidirectional beamforming, as shown in the accompanying drawings of the invention specification. Figure 2As shown, the structure of the laterally directional beamforming cylindrical antenna according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the corresponding radiation pattern, and the S11 curve are illustrated. Specifically, the laterally directional beamforming cylindrical antenna is further provided with a lateral beamforming unit 20 on the basis of the structure of the conventional cylindrical antenna 10. The laterally directional beamforming cylindrical antenna includes the cylindrical antenna 10 and the lateral beamforming unit 20. The cylindrical antenna 10 includes a cylindrical radiation source 11 and a reference ground 12. The cylindrical radiation source 11 extends directly toward the reference ground 12 from one end in a state of being spaced apart from the reference ground 12. As a feed terminal 111, the end of the columnar radiation source 11 furthest from the feed terminal 111 is located in the forward space of the reference ground 12. The lateral shaping unit 20 is disposed of with a metallic conductive material, wherein the shortest path between any two points on the lateral shaping unit 20 is the conduction path between those two points. The lateral shaping unit 20 has a first ground point 21 and a first conduction path 201 with the first ground point 21 as the path endpoint and having a quarter-wavelength electrical length. The lateral shaping unit 20 is grounded at the first ground point 21. The other path endpoint of the first conduction path 201 is named free point 22, and the columnar radiation source 11 and the reference ground 12 are named... The intersection point of the planes where the two points intersect or extend intersect is the radiation source point 101 of the cylindrical antenna with lateral directional beamforming. This corresponds to the state where the feed end 111 is located in the space opposite to the reference ground 12. The radiation source point 101 is the intercept point of the cylindrical radiation source 11 on the plane where the reference ground 12 is located, and the state where the feed end 111 is located on the plane where the reference ground 12 is located. The radiation source point 101 coincides with the feed end 111, and the state where the feed end 111 is located in the forward space of the reference ground 12. The radiation source point 101 is the point where the cylindrical radiation source 11 intersects with the extended plane of the reference ground 12. The free point 22 is located at the point where the cylindrical radiation source... One end of 11 away from the feed end 111 is located in the positive space of the reference ground 12 and has a distance greater than or equal to one-eighth of the wavelength electrical length between it and the reference ground 12. The distance between the first ground point 21 of the first conduction path 201 and the radiation source point 101 is greater than or equal to one-sixteenth of the wavelength electrical length and less than or equal to one-half of the wavelength electrical length. Thus, based on the first conduction path 201 of the lateral shaping unit 20 that meets the above requirements, a suppression electric field capable of suppressing the radiation near field of the columnar radiation source 10 is formed in the lateral direction of the columnar radiation source 11, thereby directional shaping of the radiation beam of the columnar radiation source 10 in the lateral direction of the columnar radiation source 11.

[0107] It is understood that in the description of the electrical wavelength, the electrical wavelength can also be simply referred to as the electrical length. The "wavelength" is the wavelength corresponding to the frequency of the feed signal (or excitation signal) connected to the feed terminal 111 of the columnar radiation source 11. This wavelength is specifically related to the dielectric constant and permeability of the medium, as the propagation speed of the electric field varies in different media environments. The dielectric constant of the medium is also related to the frequency of the signal; that is, the wavelength corresponding to the same frequency differs for different media environments. Correspondingly, in some embodiments of the present invention, when the columnar radiation source 11 and / or the lateral shaping unit 20 are mounted on a circuit board, the physical dimensions corresponding to the electrical wavelength differ from those in the air medium, specifically due to different materials of the corresponding circuit board. Therefore, when calculating the physical length corresponding to the electrical wavelength using the wavelength corresponding to the frequency of the feed signal (or excitation signal) under vacuum conditions, the physical length corresponding to the electrical wavelength described in the present invention is allowed to have an error of 20%. For example, when the frequency of the power supply signal (or excitation signal) is 5.8 GHz, the physical length corresponding to the electrical length of the corresponding wavelength (approximately 51.7 mm) under vacuum conditions is calculated based on the wavelength corresponding to this frequency of 5.8 GHz. The physical length corresponding to one wavelength electrical length is in the range of 41.3 mm to 62 mm, while the physical length corresponding to one-quarter wavelength electrical length is in the range of 10.3 mm to 15.5 mm.

[0108] Specifically, in this preferred embodiment of the invention, the lateral shaping unit 20 is disposed in the form of a columnar metal strip and electrically connected to the reference ground 12 at one end to form the first grounding point 21 of the lateral shaping unit 20. A first conductive path 201 with the first grounding point 21 as the path endpoint and having an electrical length approaching a quarter wavelength is formed in the lateral shaping unit 20. The lateral shaping unit 20, disposed in the form of a columnar metal strip, is provided with a physical length greater than or equal to a quarter wavelength electrical length. Specifically, in this preferred embodiment of the invention, it is provided with a physical length equal to a quarter wavelength electrical length to form the free point 22 at the other end of the lateral shaping unit 20. That is, the first conductive path 201 of the lateral shaping unit 20 with the first grounding point 21 as the path endpoint and having an electrical length approaching a quarter wavelength is formed between the two ends of the lateral shaping unit 20, which is disposed in the form of a columnar metal strip.

[0109] Furthermore, to satisfy the condition that the free point 22 is located in the positive space of the reference ground 12 at the end of the columnar radiation source 11 away from the feed end 111, and has a distance greater than or equal to one-eighth of an electrical wavelength between it and the reference ground 12, and to satisfy the condition that the distance between the first grounding point 21 of the first conduction path 201 and the radiation source point 101 is greater than or equal to one-sixteenth of an electrical wavelength and less than or equal to one-half of an electrical wavelength, in this embodiment of the invention, the lateral shaping unit 20, which is set in the form of a columnar metal strip, is set in a position where the first grounding point 21 is located at a position one-quarter of an electrical wavelength away from the radiation source point 101 and is perpendicular to the reference ground 12, and correspondingly, the free point 22 is located in the positive space of the reference ground 12 at the end of the columnar radiation source 11 away from the feed end 111, and has a distance equal to one-quarter of an electrical wavelength between it and the reference ground 12.

[0110] Corresponding to the accompanying drawings of the present invention Figure 2 As shown, compared to Figure 1 The radiation pattern of a conventional cylindrical antenna is shown. In this preferred embodiment of the present invention, the laterally directional beamforming cylindrical antenna can, based on the arrangement of the lateral beamforming unit 20, directionally shape the radiation beam of the conventional cylindrical antenna in the lateral direction (perpendicular to the reference ground 12) to reduce radiation sidelobes (including sidelobes and back lobes). This is beneficial for reducing motion interference, electromagnetic interference, and self-excitation interference caused by radiation sidelobes. Therefore, it has excellent anti-interference performance compared to conventional cylindrical antennas and is more suitable for microwave detection fields with directional radiation requirements.

[0111] Furthermore, the lateral directional beamforming cylindrical antenna of this preferred embodiment of the present invention, based on the arrangement of the lateral beamforming unit 20, can form directional radiation while avoiding the formation of a detection dead zone in the radiation direction compared to traditional cylindrical antennas, thus having better applicability.

[0112] In other words, when the lateral beamforming unit 20 is set in the form of a columnar metal strip, the lateral beamforming columnar antenna can maintain the structural simplicity advantage of the lateral beamforming columnar antenna on the basis of the traditional columnar antenna structure, and can avoid the formation of a detection dead zone in the directional radiation direction while forming directional radiation. Therefore, it has the performance advantages of existing planar patch antennas and the structural advantages of traditional columnar antennas, and has outstanding application value and commercial significance.

[0113] For example, since the lateral beamforming cylindrical antenna uses the lateral direction (perpendicular to the reference ground) of the conventional cylindrical antenna's beam radiation direction as its beam radiation direction, the lateral beamforming cylindrical antenna has a tilt of approximately 90 degrees relative to the conventional cylindrical antenna in the radiation direction. Correspondingly, the radiation direction of the lateral beamforming cylindrical antenna tends to be parallel to the reference ground 12, resulting in the lateral beamforming cylindrical antenna having a relatively small projected area in its radiation direction. Thus, the lateral beamforming cylindrical antenna... When a cylindrical antenna is installed in a product form (such as a lamp or microwave sensing and control device), it can reduce the area required for the detection surface of the corresponding product compared to a traditional cylindrical antenna. This is beneficial for the miniaturization design of products in which the lateral beamforming cylindrical antenna is installed. When the corresponding product is a lamp and has an illumination direction that is in the same direction as the radiation direction of the lateral beamforming cylindrical antenna, the lateral mounting method of the lateral beamforming cylindrical antenna, compared to a traditional cylindrical antenna, reduces / avoids the generation of shadows, thus ensuring uniform light emission from the light-emitting surface of the lamp.

[0114] Based on the structure of the lateral directional beamforming cylindrical antenna described in the above preferred embodiment of the present invention, to verify the necessity of the structural features of the first conduction path 201, please refer to the accompanying drawings of the present invention. Figure 3 As shown, based on the structure of the lateral directional beamforming columnar antenna of the above preferred embodiment, when the lateral shaping unit 20, which is configured in the form of a columnar metal strip, is configured with a physical length less than one-quarter wavelength electrical length, specifically an example of a physical length of one-eighth wavelength electrical length, the first conductive path 201 with the first grounding point 21 as the path endpoint and having a one-quarter wavelength electrical length cannot be formed on the lateral shaping unit 20. The corresponding radiation pattern corresponds to... Figure 3 Compared to Figure 1 The radiation pattern of the conventional cylindrical antenna shown does not change significantly. Therefore, the lateral beamforming unit 20 must be configured to form a first conductive path 201 with the first grounding point 21 as the path endpoint and a quarter-wavelength electrical length. It can be understood that, based on the structure of the cylindrical antenna with lateral directional beamforming in the above preferred embodiment, Figure 3 The illustrated structure is merely an example of a lateral beamforming unit 20, which is configured in the form of a columnar metal strip, having a physical length less than a quarter wavelength electrical length. During the development of this invention, based on the structure of the lateral beamforming columnar antenna of the preferred embodiment described above, structures corresponding to multiple physical lengths of the lateral beamforming unit 20, configured in the form of a columnar metal strip, having a physical length less than a quarter wavelength electrical length, were explored. The corresponding radiation patterns are all compared to... Figure 1 The radiation pattern of the traditional cylindrical antenna shown in the diagram did not change significantly.

[0115] Further reference is made to the accompanying drawings of this invention. Figure 4 As shown, based on the structure of the lateral directional beamforming columnar antenna of the above preferred embodiment, when the lateral shaping unit 20, which is arranged in the form of a columnar metal strip, is provided with a physical length greater than or equal to one-quarter wavelength electrical length, specifically, a physical length of three-eighths wavelength electrical length, the lateral shaping unit 20 can also form a first conductive path 201 with the first grounding point 21 as the path endpoint and having a one-quarter wavelength electrical length. The corresponding free point 22 is located at a position on the lateral shaping unit 20 that is one-quarter wavelength electrical length away from the first grounding point 21, and the corresponding radiation pattern corresponds to... Figure 4 Compared to Figure 1 The radiation pattern of the conventional cylindrical antenna shown has a significant directional change in the lateral direction of the cylindrical radiation source 11. However, because the lateral shaping unit 20 is arranged in the form of a cylindrical metal strip and has a charge-gathering effect at the end away from the first grounding point 21, the suppression effect of the first conductive path 201 formed on the lateral shaping unit 20 with the first grounding point 21 as the path endpoint and having a quarter wavelength electrical length on the near-field radiation of the cylindrical antenna 10 is weakened, so that corresponding to Figure 4 The radiation pattern compared to Figure 1 Although the radiation pattern of the conventional cylindrical antenna shown has a significant directional change in the lateral direction of the cylindrical radiation source 11, it is still significantly different from that of the conventional cylindrical antenna. Figure 2 The radiation pattern of the laterally oriented beamforming cylindrical antenna shown still has large sidelobes. Therefore, based on the structure of the laterally oriented beamforming cylindrical antenna of the above preferred embodiment, when the lateral shaping unit 20, which is arranged in the form of a cylindrical metal strip, is provided with a physical length greater than or equal to a quarter wavelength electrical length, the lateral shaping unit 20 is preferably provided with a physical length equal to a quarter wavelength electrical length.

[0116] Similarly, it can be understood that, based on the structure of the lateral directional beamforming cylindrical antenna described in the above preferred embodiment, Figure 4The illustrated structure is merely an example of a lateral beamforming unit 20, which is configured in the form of a columnar metal strip, having a physical length greater than a quarter wavelength electrical length. During the development of this invention, based on the structure of the lateral beamforming columnar antenna of the preferred embodiment described above, structures corresponding to multiple physical lengths of the lateral beamforming unit 20, configured in the form of a columnar metal strip, having a physical length greater than a quarter wavelength electrical length, were explored. The corresponding radiation patterns are all compared to... Figure 1 The radiation patterns of the conventional cylindrical antennas shown all exhibit significant directional changes in the lateral direction of the cylindrical radiation source 11.

[0117] Further reference is made to the accompanying drawings of this invention. Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, based on the structure of the lateral directional beamforming columnar antenna of the above preferred embodiment, when the lateral shaping unit 20, which is provided in the form of a straight columnar metal strip, is bent, it specifically corresponds to... Figure 5 Laterally bent and corresponding Figure 6 When folded back, since the lateral shaping unit 20, which is set in the form of a columnar metal strip, maintains a physical length equal to a quarter wavelength electrical length, the first conductive path 201 with the first grounding point 21 as the path endpoint and having a quarter wavelength electrical length can still be formed on the lateral shaping unit 20, and the corresponding free point 22 is still located at the end of the lateral shaping unit 20 away from the first grounding point 21, and the corresponding radiation pattern corresponds to Figure 5 and Figure 6 Compared to Figure 1 The radiation pattern of the conventional cylindrical antenna shown in the diagram exhibits a significant directional change in the lateral direction of the cylindrical radiation source 11. Therefore, based on the structure of the laterally directional beamforming cylindrical antenna of the preferred embodiment described above, when the lateral shaping unit 20, which is configured in the form of a cylindrical metal strip, is provided with a physical length greater than or equal to a quarter wavelength electrical length, the lateral shaping unit 20 is not limited to the type corresponding to... Figure 2 The lateral shaping unit 20, with its straight, columnar metal strip shape, can be adapted to various applications and installation requirements by varying its form and size, thus facilitating the widespread adoption of microwave detection technology.

[0118] In particular, Figure 5 and Figure 6 In the illustrated structure, the free point 22 of the lateral beamforming unit 20, which is arranged and bent in the form of a columnar metal strip, is maintained at a distance greater than or equal to one-eighth of the electrical wavelength from the reference ground 12. Similarly, it can be understood that, based on the structure of the lateral directional beamforming columnar antenna of the above preferred embodiment, Figure 5 and Figure 6 The illustrated structures are merely examples of two structures where the free point 22 of the lateral beamforming unit 20, which is set in the form of a columnar metal strip and bent, is maintained at a distance greater than or equal to one-eighth of the electrical wavelength from the reference ground 12. During the development of this invention, based on the structure of the lateral beamforming columnar antenna of the preferred embodiment described above, various structures were explored where the free point 22 of the lateral beamforming unit 20, which is set in the form of a columnar metal strip and bent, is maintained at a distance greater than or equal to one-eighth of the electrical wavelength from the reference ground 12. The corresponding radiation patterns are all compared to... Figure 1 The radiation patterns of the conventional cylindrical antennas shown all exhibit significant directional changes in the lateral direction of the cylindrical radiation source 11.

[0119] Furthermore, refer to the accompanying drawings of the specification of this invention. Figures 7 to 8 As shown, based on the structure of the lateral directional beamforming columnar antenna of the above preferred embodiment, when the lateral beamforming unit 20, which is arranged in the form of a columnar metal strip perpendicular to the reference ground 12, is tilted, it specifically corresponds to... Figure 7 When the free point 22, tilted to the first conduction path 201, is held at a distance from the reference ground 12 equal to one-eighth of the electrical wavelength, the corresponding radiation pattern corresponds to Figure 7 Compared to Figure 1 The radiation pattern of the conventional cylindrical antenna shown has a significant directional change in the lateral direction of the cylindrical radiation source 11; and corresponding to Figure 8 When the distance between the reference ground 12 and the reference ground 12 is equal to one-sixteenth of the electrical wavelength, the corresponding radiation pattern corresponds to Figure 8 Compared to Figure 1 The radiation pattern of the conventional cylindrical antenna shown does not exhibit a significant directional change in the lateral direction of the cylindrical radiation source 11. Therefore, the lateral shaping unit 20 must be configured to form a first conductive path 201 with the first grounding point 21 as the path endpoint and a quarter-wavelength electrical length, and the free point 22 of the first conductive path 201 must be maintained at a distance greater than or equal to one-eighth of a wavelength electrical length from the reference ground 12.

[0120] Similarly, it can be understood that, based on the structure of the lateral directional beamforming cylindrical antenna described in the above preferred embodiment, Figure 7 and Figure 8The illustrated structures are merely examples of two structures where the free point 22 of the lateral beamforming unit 20, which is arranged in the form of a columnar metal strip, has different distances from the reference ground 12. During the development of this invention, based on the structure of the lateral beamforming columnar antenna of the preferred embodiment described above, various structures with different distances between the free point 22 of the lateral beamforming unit 20, which is arranged in the form of a columnar metal strip, and the reference ground 12 were explored. These included structures where the lateral beamforming unit 20, which is arranged in the form of a columnar metal strip perpendicular to the reference ground 12, is tilted in different directions and / or at different angles, resulting in different distances between the free point 22 and the reference ground 12. The corresponding radiation patterns are all compared to... Figure 1 The radiation pattern of the conventional cylindrical antenna shown is compared based on whether there is a significant directional change in the lateral direction of the cylindrical radiation source 11, and only when the free point 22 of the first conduction path 201 is maintained at a distance greater than or equal to one-eighth of the electrical wavelength from the reference ground 12, is the corresponding radiation pattern compared to Figure 1 The radiation pattern of the conventional cylindrical antenna shown can undergo significant directional changes in the lateral direction of the cylindrical radiation source 11.

[0121] Further reference is made to the accompanying drawings of this invention. Figures 9 to 12 As shown, based on the structure of the lateral directional beamforming columnar antenna in the above preferred embodiment, when the lateral beamforming unit 20, which is arranged in the form of a columnar metal strip perpendicular to the reference ground 12, is translated to adjust the distance between the first grounding point 21 of the first conduction path 201 and the radiation source point 101, specifically corresponding to... Figure 9 When the distance between the first grounding point 21 and the radiation source point 101 of the first conduction path 201 is shifted to one-sixteenth of the electrical wavelength, the corresponding radiation pattern corresponds to Figure 9 Compared to Figure 1 The radiation pattern of the conventional cylindrical antenna shown in the diagram exhibits a significant directional change in the lateral direction of the cylindrical radiation source 11; corresponding to Figure 10 When the distance between the first grounding point 21 of the first conduction path 201 and the radiation source point 101 is shifted to one-thirty-second of the electrical wavelength, the corresponding radiation pattern corresponds to Figure 10 Compared to Figure 1 The radiation pattern of the conventional cylindrical antenna shown in the diagram exhibits a significant directional change in the lateral direction of the cylindrical radiation source 11, but still possesses a large number of sidelobes; corresponding to Figure 11 When the distance between the first grounding point 21 of the first conduction path 201 and the radiation source point 101 is shifted to half the electrical wavelength, the corresponding radiation pattern corresponds to... Figure 11 Compared to Figure 1 The radiation pattern of the conventional cylindrical antenna shown has a significant directional change in the lateral direction of the cylindrical radiation source 11; and corresponding to Figure 12 When the distance between the first grounding point 21 and the radiation source point 101 of the first conduction path 201 is shifted to adjust to a distance of nine-sixteenths of a wavelength electrical length, the corresponding radiation pattern corresponds to Figure 12 Compared to Figure 1 The radiation pattern of the conventional cylindrical antenna shown in the diagram has a significant directional change in the lateral direction of the cylindrical radiation source 11, but still has a large sidelobe.

[0122] Similarly, it can be understood that, based on the structure of the lateral directional beamforming cylindrical antenna described in the above preferred embodiment, Figures 9 to 12 The illustrated structures are merely examples of four structures with different distances between the free point 22 of the first conduction path 201 and the reference ground 12. During the creation of this invention, based on the structure of the lateral directional beamforming cylindrical antenna of the above preferred embodiment, various structures with different distances between the free point 22 of the first conduction path 201 and the reference ground 12 were explored, and the corresponding radiation patterns were all compared to... Figure 1 The radiation pattern of the conventional cylindrical antenna shown is compared based on whether there is a significant directional change in the lateral direction of the cylindrical radiation source 11, and only when the free point 22 of the first conduction path 201 is at a distance greater than or equal to one-sixteenth of a wavelength and less than or equal to one-half of a wavelength from the reference ground 12, is the corresponding radiation pattern compared to Figure 1 The radiation pattern of the conventional cylindrical antenna shown can undergo significant directional changes in the lateral direction of the cylindrical radiation source 11, and the size of the corresponding sidelobes is suitable for microwave detection.

[0123] Further reference is made to the accompanying drawings of this invention. Figure 13 As shown, based on the structure of the lateral directional beamforming columnar antenna of the above preferred embodiment, when the lateral shaping unit 20, which is arranged in the form of a columnar metal strip, is replaced with a non-metallic medium, specifically a non-metallic medium with a high dielectric constant, the corresponding radiation pattern corresponds to... Figure 13 Compared to Figure 1 The radiation pattern of the conventional cylindrical antenna shown does not change significantly. Therefore, the lateral beamforming unit 20 must be made of a metallic material. It is understood that, based on the structure of the lateral directional beamforming cylindrical antenna of the preferred embodiment described above, Figure 13The illustrated structure is merely an example of a structure when the lateral beamforming unit 20, which is configured in the form of a columnar metal strip, is replaced with a non-metallic medium. During the development of this invention, based on the structure of the lateral beamforming columnar antenna of the preferred embodiment described above, structures in which the lateral beamforming unit 20, configured in the form of a columnar metal strip, is replaced with various non-metallic media were explored. Only when the lateral beamforming unit 20 is made of a metallic material does the corresponding radiation pattern differ compared to… Figure 1 The radiation pattern of the conventional cylindrical antenna shown can be clearly oriented in the lateral direction of the cylindrical radiation source 11.

[0124] Further reference is made to the accompanying drawings of this invention. Figure 14 As shown, based on the structure of the lateral directional beamforming columnar antenna in the above preferred embodiment, when the lateral beamforming unit 20, which is arranged in the form of a columnar metal strip, is not grounded, specifically corresponding to... Figure 14 When set in a state where one end is close to the reference ground 12, the corresponding radiation pattern corresponds to Figure 14 Compared to Figure 1 The radiation pattern of the conventional cylindrical antenna shown does not change significantly. Therefore, the lateral shaping element 20 must be grounded.

[0125] Further reference is made to the accompanying drawings of this invention. Figure 15 and 16 As shown, based on the structure of the lateral directional beamforming cylindrical antenna in the above preferred embodiment, when the structure state in which the lateral beamforming unit 20 is directly physically connected to the reference ground 12 at one end and electrically connected to the reference ground 12 and grounded is replaced by the structure state in which the lateral beamforming unit 20 is electrically coupled to the reference ground 12 at that end and electrically connected to the reference ground 12 and grounded, specifically corresponding to... Figure 15 and Figure 16 In the state where the lateral shaping unit 20 is physically connected to a metal sheet at one end, and the metal sheet is nearly parallel to the reference ground 12, based on the fact that the metal sheet and the reference ground 12 are on the same plane (corresponding to...) Figure 15 ) is surrounded by the reference ground 12 or in different planes (corresponding to Figure 16 The distributed capacitance generated by the lateral shaping unit 20 coupled to the reference ground 12 at intervals forms an electrical connection between the lateral shaping unit 20 and the reference ground 12 at this end. When the metal sheet is nearly parallel to the reference ground 12, the end of the lateral shaping unit 20 directly physically connected to the metal sheet is taken as the first grounding point 21, and the corresponding radiation pattern corresponds to... Figure 15 and Figure 16 Compared to Figure 1The radiation pattern of the conventional cylindrical antenna shown exhibits a significant directional change in the lateral direction of the cylindrical radiation source 11. Therefore, the grounded configuration of the lateral shaping unit 20 is not limited to a direct physical connection with the reference ground 12.

[0126] Further reference is made to the accompanying drawings of this invention. Figure 17 As shown, based on the structure of the lateral directional beamforming columnar antenna of the above preferred embodiment, with the direction perpendicular to the reference ground 12 as the height direction of the lateral shaping unit 20, when the lateral shaping unit 20, which is arranged in the form of a columnar metal strip, has a width (the dimension perpendicular to the height direction on the projection surface) greater than or equal to one-thirty-second of the electrical wavelength on the projection surface of the columnar radiation source 11 based on the change in diameter / width, and is defined as a metal surface shape in the description of this invention, specifically corresponding to... Figure 17 When the width variation is set to a metallic surface with a width equal to one-thirty-second of the electrical wavelength, the corresponding radiation pattern corresponds to... Figure 17 Compared to Figure 1 The radiation pattern of the conventional cylindrical antenna shown exhibits a significant directional change in the lateral direction of the cylindrical radiation source 11. However,... Figure 17 Based on the illustrated structure, when the lateral shaping unit 20, which is set in the form of a metallic surface, corresponds to the change in height... Figure 18 The illustrated structure, with the maximum conduction path (the diagonal path connecting the rectangular metal surfaces) on the lateral shaping unit 20 as the first conduction path 201 and having a height less than a quarter wavelength of electrical length, corresponds to a radiation pattern. Figure 18 Compared to Figure 1 The radiation pattern of the conventional cylindrical antenna shown has a significant directional change in the lateral direction of the cylindrical radiation source 11. Therefore, the size of the lateral shaping unit 20 does not constitute a limitation of the present invention. Accordingly, as long as the lateral shaping unit 20 has the first conduction path 201 that meets the corresponding requirements, it can form a suppressing electric field in the lateral direction of the cylindrical radiation source 11 to suppress the near-field radiation of the cylindrical antenna 10, thereby directional shaping of the radiation beam of the cylindrical antenna 10 in the lateral direction of the cylindrical radiation source 11.

[0127] Further reference is made to the accompanying drawings of this invention. Figure 19 ,exist Figure 17 Based on the illustrated structure, when the lateral shaping unit 20, which is arranged in the form of a metallic surface, has a height exceeding one-quarter wavelength electrical length due to a change in height, specifically corresponding to... Figure 19 The structure shown has a height of three-eighths of the electrical length and is based on Figure 4When this is manifested as an increase in width, the corresponding radiation pattern corresponds to... Figure 19 Compared to Figure 1 The radiation pattern of the conventional cylindrical antenna shown has a significant directional change in the lateral direction of the cylindrical radiation source 11, and compared to... Figure 4 It exhibits a more pronounced lateral orientation change. Therefore, it is possible to re-verify the conclusion that the corresponding lateral shaping unit 20, as long as it has the first conduction path 201 that meets the corresponding requirements, can achieve the desired effect in the lateral direction of the columnar radiation source 11, and to verify the corresponding... Figure 4 Analysis of the principle that the directional shaping effect of the structure is relatively weak.

[0128] Further reference is made to the accompanying drawings of this invention. Figure 20 ,exist Figure 17 Based on the illustrated structure, when the lateral shaping unit 20, which is set in the form of a metallic surface, is further widened based on the change in width, specifically corresponding to... Figure 20 When broadened to half the electrical wavelength, the corresponding radiation pattern corresponds to Figure 20 Compared to Figure 1 The radiation pattern of the conventional cylindrical antenna shown has a significant directional change in the lateral direction of the cylindrical radiation source 11, and because the lateral shaping unit 20 is relative to... Figure 2 and Figure 17 The first conduction path 201, which has a larger area on the same side of the columnar radiation source 11, is distributed compared to... Figure 2 and Figure 17 It has a higher radiation gain in the direction of directional radiation.

[0129] Further reference is made to the accompanying drawings of this invention. Figure 21 ,exist Figure 20 Based on the illustrated structure, when the lateral shaping unit 20, which is configured in the form of a metal surface, is not directly grounded, specifically corresponding to... Figure 21 When one end of the reference ground 12 is close to the reference ground 20 in a nearly vertical state and electrically coupled to form a grounding point 21 at that end, the corresponding radiation pattern corresponds to Figure 21 Compared to Figure 1 The radiation pattern of a traditional cylindrical antenna shown is as follows: Figure 14 The radiation patterns shown all exhibit significant directional changes in the lateral direction of the columnar radiation source 11. In other words, when the lateral shaping unit 20 is grounded based on its electrical connection with the reference ground 12, the electrical coupling between the lateral shaping unit 20 and the reference ground 12, which is not a direct physical connection, imposes certain requirements on the size of the electrical coupling area / path length between the lateral shaping unit 20 and the reference ground 12.

[0130] It is understood that the electrical connection formed by the non-direct physical connection between the lateral shaping unit 20 and the reference ground 12 imposes certain requirements on the electrical coupling area size, path length, and distance between the lateral shaping unit 20 and the reference ground 12. However, it is difficult to qualitatively determine whether an electrical connection has been formed between the lateral shaping unit 20 and the reference ground 12 based solely on the electrical coupling area size, path length, and distance. This is especially true given... Figure 14 and Figure 15 , 16 and Figure 21 In comparison, since the lateral beamforming unit 20 is not grounded and does not have the first grounding point 21, the radiation pattern of the lateral beamforming cylindrical antenna fails to produce a directional change in the lateral direction of the cylindrical radiation source 11. Therefore, when the lateral beamforming unit 20 being grounded and having the first grounding point 21 is a necessary condition for the lateral beamforming cylindrical antenna to produce a directional change in the lateral direction of the cylindrical radiation source 11, corresponding to... Figure 15 and Figure 16 as well as Figure 21 The determination that the position, shape, and size of the metal sheet and the lateral shaping unit 20 in the structure can meet the requirements of the electrical coupling area size, path length, and distance between the lateral shaping unit 20 and the reference ground 12 should be based on the fact that the radiation pattern of the laterally oriented beamforming columnar antenna can produce a directional change in the lateral direction of the columnar radiation source 11 relative to the conventional columnar antenna.

[0131] Further reference is made to the accompanying drawings of this invention. Figure 22 ,exist Figure 20 Based on the illustrated structure, when the lateral shaping unit 20, which is set in the form of a metallic surface, is further increased in height based on the change in height, specifically corresponding to... Figure 22 When increased to three-eighths of the electrical length, the corresponding radiation pattern corresponds to Figure 22 Compared to Figure 1 The radiation pattern of the conventional cylindrical antenna shown has a significant directional change in the lateral direction of the cylindrical radiation source 11, and because the lateral shaping unit 20 is relative to... Figure 20 The distribution area of ​​the first conduction path 201 on the same side of the columnar radiation source 11 tends to be the same, compared to Figure 20 They have similar radiation gains in the directional radiation direction. Therefore, it is possible to re-verify the conclusion that the corresponding lateral shaping unit 20, as long as it has the first conduction path 201 that meets the corresponding requirements, can achieve the desired radiation in the lateral direction of the columnar radiation source 11, and to verify the corresponding... Figure 4 Analysis of the principle that the directional shaping effect of the structure is relatively weak.

[0132] Further reference is made to the accompanying drawings of this invention. Figure 23 In the process of creating this invention, Figure 19 Based on the illustrated structure, the form of the lateral shaping unit 20, which is set in the form of a metal surface, is further bent and extended at the top of the lateral shaping unit 20. Correspondingly, the lateral shaping unit 20 corresponds to... Figure 23 A metallic surface is formed in the lateral and apical directions of the columnar radiation source 11, and the corresponding radiation pattern is compared to... Figure 1 The radiation pattern of the conventional cylindrical antenna shown has a significant directional change in the lateral direction of the cylindrical radiation source 11, and corresponds to... Figure 23 When the reference ground 12 is further extended in the bending extension direction of the lateral shaping unit 20, that is, when the reference ground 20 is further extended in the direction of microwave beam orientation change, the corresponding radiation pattern corresponds to Figure 23 In comparison Figure 1 The radiation pattern of the conventional cylindrical antenna shown in the diagram exhibits a significant directional change in the lateral direction of the cylindrical radiation source 11, while also being more directional than... Figure 19 It has smaller sidelobes and a larger beam angle, specifically corresponding to Figure 23 It has a beam angle greater than 180 degrees on a coordinate plane parallel to the reference ground 12, and is therefore suitable for large-angle microwave detection scenarios with a beam angle greater than 180 degrees.

[0133] It is worth mentioning that, based on the shape and size design of the lateral beamforming unit 20, the beamform of the cylindrical antenna with lateral directional beamforming can be adjusted in the lateral directional radiation direction. For example, in the process of creating this invention, corresponding to... Figure 23The structure shown illustrates the correspondence between the extension dimension of the metal surface of the lateral shaping unit 20 located in the top direction of the columnar radiation source 11 in the direction of microwave beam orientation change and the corresponding radiation pattern, and the correspondence between the extension dimension of the reference ground 12 in the direction of microwave beam orientation change and the corresponding radiation pattern. The degree of orientation change reflected by the corresponding radiation pattern in the lateral direction of the columnar radiation source 11 is related to the extension dimension of the metal surface of the lateral shaping unit 20 located in the top direction of the columnar radiation source 11 in the direction of microwave beam orientation change and the extension dimension of the reference ground 12 in the direction of microwave beam orientation change. In other words, the directional offset angle of the microwave beam of the laterally oriented beamforming cylindrical antenna in the lateral direction of the cylindrical radiation source 11 can be adjusted based on the shape and size of the metal surface of the lateral shaping unit 20 located in the top direction of the cylindrical radiation source 11 in the directional change direction of the microwave beam and / or the shape and size of the reference ground 12 in the directional change direction of the microwave beam. Therefore, it is beneficial to subsequently adjust the directional offset angle of the microwave beam of the laterally oriented beamforming cylindrical antenna in the lateral direction of the cylindrical radiation source 11 based on the adjustable shape and size of the lateral shaping unit 20 and / or the reference ground 12.

[0134] Further reference is made to the accompanying drawings of this invention. Figure 24 ,exist Figure 22 Based on the illustrated structure, when the lateral shaping unit 20, which is arranged in the form of a metal surface, is further bent and extended at one end of the lateral shaping unit 20 in the lateral direction of the columnar radiation source 11, specifically corresponding to... Figure 24 When a metallic surface is formed on each of the two mutually perpendicular sides of the columnar radiation source 11, the corresponding radiation pattern corresponds to... Figure 24 Compared to Figure 1 The radiation pattern of the conventional cylindrical antenna shown has a significant directional change in the lateral direction of the cylindrical radiation source 11, and compared to... Figure 22 It has smaller side lobes and compared to Figure 23 It has a smaller rear lobe. In particular, due to the corresponding lateral shaping unit 20 compared to... Figure 22 and Figure 23 The columnar radiation source 11 has a larger area in the first conduction path 201 distributed in the directional radiation direction, and the corresponding radiation pattern corresponds to... Figure 24 Compared to Figure 22 and Figure 23 It has a more significant gain enhancement.

[0135] Further reference is made to the accompanying drawings of this invention. Figure 25 ,exist Figure 22Based on the illustrated structure, when the lateral shaping unit 20, which is arranged in a metallic surface form, is bent and extended in the same direction at both ends of the lateral shaping unit 20 in the lateral direction of the columnar radiation source 11 to form a concave metallic surface form, the metallic surface form of the lateral shaping unit 20 corresponds to... Figure 25 With the columnar radiation source 11 located within the concave space of the concave metal surface, arranged laterally around the columnar radiation source 11, the corresponding radiation pattern corresponds to... Figure 25 Compared to Figure 1 The radiation pattern of the conventional cylindrical antenna shown has a significant directional change in the lateral direction of the cylindrical radiation source 11, and compared to... Figure 22 It has smaller side lobes.

[0136] Further reference is made to the accompanying drawings of this invention. Figure 26 and Figure 27 ,exist Figure 22 Based on the structure shown, when the lateral shaping unit 20, which is set in the form of a metallic surface, is combined with... Figure 23 and Figure 25 The change occurs when the top and both ends of the lateral shaping unit 20 are bent and extended in the same direction in the lateral direction of the columnar radiation source 11, with the reference ground 12 as the ground, and a lateral opening is formed in the lateral direction of the columnar radiation source 11. Specifically, this corresponds to... Figure 26 The columnar radiation source 11 is formed to extend into the lateral opening, and corresponding to... Figure 27 The columnar radiation source 11 is positioned at the lateral opening, and the corresponding radiation pattern corresponds to... Figure 26 and Figure 27 All compared to Figure 1 The radiation pattern of the conventional cylindrical antenna shown in the diagram exhibits a significant directional change in the lateral direction of the cylindrical radiation source 11.

[0137] It is understood that, based on the structure of the lateral directional beamforming cylindrical antenna described in the above preferred embodiment, Figures 17 to 27The illustrated structure is merely one of several examples of structures where the lateral beamforming unit 20, configured in the form of a columnar metal strip, has a width greater than or equal to one-thirty-second of the electrical wavelength on the projection surface of the columnar radiation source 11 in at least one radial direction based on the variation in diameter / width. In the process of creating this invention, based on the structure of the lateral beamforming columnar antenna of the preferred embodiment described above, the lateral beamforming unit 20, configured in the form of a columnar metal strip, has a width greater than or equal to one-thirty-second of the electrical wavelength on the projection surface of the columnar radiation source 11 in at least one radial direction based on the variation in diameter / width. The projection surface has a width greater than or equal to one-thirty-second of the wavelength electrical length, and structures corresponding to various shapes / sizes defined in the description of this invention as metallic surface forms were explored, including metallic surface forms with an arcuate shape in the width direction of the lateral shaping unit 20, metallic surface forms with an arcuate shape in the height direction of the lateral shaping unit 20, metallic surface forms with a spherical shape, and metallic surface forms with a combination of arcuate and planar shapes, etc., in which the lateral shaping unit 20 has a state in which the first conduction path 201 satisfies the aforementioned requirements, and the corresponding radiation patterns are all compared to Figure 1 The radiation patterns of the conventional cylindrical antennas shown all exhibit significant directional changes in the lateral direction of the cylindrical radiation source 11.

[0138] Example, referring to the accompanying drawings of the specification of the present invention. Figure 28 As shown, when the lateral shaping unit 20, which is provided in the form of a metallic surface, has an arc-shaped metallic surface in its width direction and a metallic plane in the top direction of the columnar radiation source 11, it corresponds to... Figure 28 Forming a barrel shape that is laterally cut, thus having a corresponding Figure 26 and Figure 27 When the lateral opening is mentioned, it specifically corresponds to Figure 28 When the columnar radiation source 11 is located at the lateral opening, the corresponding radiation pattern is compared to Figure 1 The radiation pattern of the conventional cylindrical antenna shown has a significant directional change in the lateral direction of the cylindrical radiation source 11, and compared to... Figure 27 Since the beam shape, directional gain, and beam offset angle are similar, the shape and size of the lateral shaping unit 20 are diverse. Based on the fact that the lateral shaping unit 20 has the first transmission path 201 that meets the aforementioned requirements, the shape and size of the lateral shaping unit 20 exemplified in this invention do not constitute a limitation on this invention.

[0139] It is worth mentioning that, during the creation of this invention, there was also Figure 25Based on the illustrated structure, the lateral shaping unit 20, which is set in the form of a metal surface, is replaced with a metal surface having an arc shape in its width direction, thus having a corresponding... Figure 25 The structural morphology of the lateral opening was explored, and the corresponding radiation pattern was compared with... Figure 1 The radiation pattern of the conventional cylindrical antenna shown also exhibits a significant directional change in the lateral direction of the cylindrical radiation source 11.

[0140] Specifically, when the lateral shaping unit 20 is arranged in a metallic surface form, with the direction perpendicular to the reference ground 12 as the height direction of the projection surface of the lateral shaping unit 20 in at least one radial direction of the columnar radiation source 11, a change in the shape of the lateral shaping unit 20 corresponds to a change in the size of the projection surface in a non-height direction, and the corresponding beam exhibits a change in the beam angle size in the non-height direction, specifically a change in the horizontal beam angle size perpendicular to the height direction. For example, when the change in the shape of the lateral shaping unit 20 corresponds to an increase in the size of the projection surface in a non-height direction, specifically corresponding to a change from... Figure 18 Change to Figure 20 This is manifested in the fact that as the horizontal width of the lateral shaping unit 20 increases perpendicular to the height direction, the corresponding beam exhibits a relatively decreasing horizontal beam angle in the comparison of the radiation pattern. Similarly, in some exploratory structures of the present invention, when the lateral shaping unit 20 is configured to have a curved metal surface morphology in its horizontal width direction, it has a corresponding... Figure 25 When the lateral opening of or 28 is used, by changing its horizontal width to create a change in the size of the projection surface in the non-height direction, the horizontal beam angle of the corresponding beam can also be adjusted. Specifically, when the horizontal width of the lateral shaping unit 20 is shortened, the horizontal beam angle of the corresponding beam increases relatively, and when the horizontal width of the lateral shaping unit 20 is increased, the horizontal beam angle of the corresponding beam decreases relatively. In some other exploratory structures of the present invention, in Figure 25 Based on the structure shown, when the horizontal width of the lateral shaping unit 20 is changed to form a change in the size of the projection surface in the non-height direction, the horizontal beam angle of the corresponding beam can also be adjusted.

[0141] It is worth mentioning that, based on the structure of the lateral beamforming columnar antenna described in the above preferred embodiment, when the lateral shaping unit 20, which is arranged in the form of a columnar metal strip, has a width greater than or equal to one-thirty-second of the electrical length of the wavelength on the projection surface of the columnar radiation source 11 in at least one radial direction based on the change in diameter / width, and is defined as a metal surface shape in the description of the present invention, the shape of the lateral shaping unit 20 having the metal surface shape of the first conduction path 201 that satisfies the aforementioned requirements is diverse. The arrangement of the lateral shaping unit 20 with the corresponding shape can form a shielding of the columnar radiation source 11 of the lateral beamforming columnar antenna, so as to maintain the stability of the medium space between the columnar radiation source 11 and the reference ground 12. This is beneficial to ensuring the working stability of the lateral beamforming columnar antenna and reducing the probability of the lateral beamforming columnar antenna being interfered with by small moving objects such as rain, mosquitoes, fallen leaves, and flying snow.

[0142] Furthermore, in the state of the first conduction path 201 that meets the aforementioned requirements, based on the shape and size design of the lateral beamforming unit 20, the beamform of the laterally directional beamforming cylindrical antenna in the lateral directional radiation direction can be adjusted. Therefore, compared with the single beamform of the traditional cylindrical antenna, it has a more flexible beamform, which is conducive to improving the adaptability of the laterally directional beamforming cylindrical antenna to different target detection spaces and / or product design requirements, and thus is conducive to the popularization of microwave detection technology.

[0143] Further reference is made to the accompanying drawings of this invention. Figure 29 As shown, in Figure 26 Based on the illustrated structure, when the cylindrical radiation source 11 and the lateral beamforming unit 20 are offset as a whole to form the lateral opening of the lateral beamforming unit 20 located on one side of the reference ground 12, the cylindrical antenna with lateral directional beamforming further has a beam extension channel 30 formed with a metal material as the channel wall. The beam extension channel 30 has a connection port 31 and an extension port 32. The connection port 31 matches and is connected to the lateral opening of the lateral beamforming unit 20. When the connection port 31 is connected to the lateral opening of the lateral beamforming unit 20, the extension port 32 has an expanded aperture relative to the connection port 31 in a direction perpendicular to the reference ground 12. The corresponding radiation pattern corresponds to... Figure 29 In comparison Figure 1 The radiation pattern of the conventional cylindrical antenna shown in the diagram exhibits a significant directional change in the lateral direction of the cylindrical radiation source 11, while compared to... Figure 26It has a significant beam-expanding effect in the direction perpendicular to the columnar radiation source 11, and is correspondingly compressed into a disc shape in the direction perpendicular to the reference ground 12, making it suitable for microwave detection in narrow spaces (such as corridors, stairs, driveways, etc.).

[0144] Further reference is made to the accompanying drawings of this invention. Figure 30 As shown, based on the structure of the lateral directional beamforming columnar antenna of the above preferred embodiment, when the lateral beamforming units 20, which are arranged in the form of columnar metal strips, are arranged in a state where multiple lateral beamforming units 20 are arranged on the same side of the columnar radiation source 11, the specific configuration corresponds to... Figure 30 When the radiation source point 101 of the laterally oriented beamforming cylindrical antenna does not pass through the line connecting the first ground points 21 of the two laterally oriented units 20, the line connecting the first ground points 21 of the two laterally oriented units 20 is perpendicular to the line connecting the midpoint of this line and the radiation source point 101 of the laterally oriented beamforming cylindrical antenna. Correspondingly, the radiation pattern corresponds to... Figure 30 Compared to Figure 1 The radiation pattern of the conventional cylindrical antenna shown in the diagram exhibits a significant directional change in the lateral direction of the cylindrical radiation source 11.

[0145] Further reference is made to the accompanying drawings of this invention. Figure 31 As shown, based on the structure of the lateral directional beamforming columnar antenna of the above preferred embodiment, when the lateral beamforming unit 20, which is arranged in the form of a columnar metal strip, is arranged in multiple forms based on variations in number and position, specifically corresponding to... Figure 31 Three lateral beamforming units 20 are provided, wherein the midpoint of the line connecting the first ground points 21 of two lateral beamforming units 20 is located at the radiation source point 101 of the lateral directional beamforming cylindrical antenna, and another lateral beamforming unit 20 is provided on one side of the line connecting the first ground points 21 of the two lateral beamforming units 20, and the corresponding radiation pattern corresponds to... Figure 31 Compared to Figure 1 The radiation pattern of the conventional cylindrical antenna shown in the diagram exhibits a significant directional change in the lateral direction of the cylindrical radiation source 11.

[0146] Further reference is made to the accompanying drawings of this invention. Figure 32 As shown, based on the structure of the lateral directional beamforming cylindrical antenna in the above preferred embodiment, the cylindrical antenna 10 of the lateral directional beamforming cylindrical antenna is arranged in the form of multiple radiation sources, corresponding to the cylindrical antenna 10 including a plurality of cylindrical radiation sources 11, specifically corresponding to Figure 32The system includes three columnar radiation sources 11, which are equidistantly arranged along a straight line. The lateral shaping unit 20, which is configured in the form of a columnar metal strip, is located on one side of this straight line, and the corresponding radiation pattern corresponds to... Figure 32 Compared to Figure 1 The radiation pattern of the conventional cylindrical antenna shown has a significant directional change in the lateral direction of the cylindrical radiation source 11. Since the cylindrical antenna 10 has multiple cylindrical radiation sources 11 arranged equidistantly along a straight line, the corresponding radiation pattern corresponds to... Figure 32 Compared to Figure 2 It exhibits significant beam angle narrowing and gain enhancement in the directional radiation direction.

[0147] Further reference is made to the accompanying drawings of this invention. Figure 33 As shown, in Figure 32 Based on the illustrated structure, the lateral shaping units 20, which are arranged in the form of columnar metal strips, are arranged in multiple forms based on variations in number and position, specifically corresponding to... Figure 33 Three lateral shaping units 20 are provided, wherein, in the state where the three columnar radiation sources 11 are equidistantly arranged along a straight line, the three lateral shaping units 20 are equidistantly arranged along a straight line on one side of the straight line, specifically, on one side of the straight line, they are equidistantly arranged along a straight line parallel to the straight line, and the corresponding radiation pattern corresponds to Figure 33 Compared to Figure 1 The radiation pattern of the conventional cylindrical antenna shown exhibits a significant directional change in the lateral direction of the cylindrical radiation source 11. Furthermore, due to the increase in the number of lateral shaping elements 20 arranged in the form of cylindrical metal strips, the corresponding radiation pattern... Figure 33 Compared to Figure 32 It exhibits more pronounced directional changes and enhanced gain in the directional radiation direction.

[0148] It is worth mentioning that, based on the structure of the laterally oriented beamforming cylindrical antenna of the above preferred embodiment, the variations in the number and arrangement of the cylindrical radiation sources 11 of the cylindrical antenna 10, combined with the variations in the number, shape, size, and position of the lateral shaping units 20, are merely examples. In the process of creating this invention, based on the structure of the laterally oriented beamforming cylindrical antenna of the above preferred embodiment, the structures corresponding to different combinations of variables were explored. When the lateral shaping unit 20 has the first conduction path 201 that satisfies the aforementioned requirements, the corresponding radiation patterns are all compared to... Figure 1 The radiation patterns of the conventional cylindrical antennas shown all exhibit significant directional changes in the lateral direction of the cylindrical radiation source 11.

[0149] Furthermore, the radiation direction of the lateral directional beamforming cylindrical antenna of the present invention is offset and adjusted in three-dimensional space relative to the original central axis direction of the cylindrical antenna to form lateral directional radiation. Based on the corresponding shape / size design of the lateral beamforming unit 20, the horizontal and vertical beam angles can be further adjusted on the basis of lateral directional radiation. In order to further achieve customized adjustment of the directional radiation gain during lateral orientation, and to achieve better detection performance based on the structure of the lateral directional beamforming cylindrical antenna of the present invention, the directional radiation gain can be matched to the corresponding application scenario by adjusting the effective amplitude of the excitation signal and / or the sensitivity of the lateral directional beamforming cylindrical antenna, so as to meet different application requirements and optimize application performance.

[0150] Furthermore, given that the lateral beamforming unit 20 has a first conduction path 201 that satisfies the aforementioned requirements and has a lateral directional radiation direction in the radiation pattern, further optimization exploration of the structure corresponding to changes in the shape, size, and position of the lateral beamforming unit 20 allows the radiation gain of the laterally directional beamforming cylindrical antenna in the rearward direction (the direction behind the lateral directional radiation direction) to be suppressed based on the setting of at least one second conduction path in the lateral beamforming unit 20 that satisfies the corresponding requirements. This correspondingly reduces the probability of the laterally directional beamforming cylindrical antenna being subjected to rearward motion interference and electromagnetic interference, and reduces the probability of the laterally directional beamforming cylindrical antenna generating self-excited interference based on strong rearward reflection and multipath reflection. Therefore, it is beneficial to further improve the applicability and anti-interference performance of the laterally directional beamforming cylindrical antenna.

[0151] Furthermore, the radiating beam of the laterally oriented beamforming cylindrical antenna in the lateral directional radiation direction can be tilted based on the second conduction path setting of the lateral shaping unit 20 that meets the corresponding requirements, specifically tilted in the direction biased towards the cylindrical radiation source 11. In this way, based on the vertical installation mode (the cylindrical radiation source 11 points to the ground) and the lateral installation mode (the cylindrical radiation source 11 points horizontally) of the laterally oriented beamforming cylindrical antenna corresponding to the direction of the cylindrical radiation source 11, the detection of the laterally oriented beamforming cylindrical antenna tilted relative to the ground at a certain angle can be achieved. While increasing the detection area, it can also provide high sensitivity and accuracy feedback on relative motion along the main radiation direction based on the Doppler effect principle, thereby improving the sensitivity and accuracy of the laterally oriented beamforming cylindrical antenna in detecting horizontally moving human body motion.

[0152] It is worth mentioning that, due to the increasing number of houses, especially those abroad, with numerous highly reflective metallic objects on ceilings and roofs, such as metal keels for suspended ceilings, metal conduits for electrical wiring, and metal reflectors, as well as water pipes, gas pipes, corrugated sleeves, air conditioning / ventilation systems and pipes, exhaust fans or pipes, in the vertical detection application scenarios of existing directional radiation antennas, the radiation areas corresponding to the low elevation angle regions of the antenna's positive back lobe, rear side lobe, and main lobe are prone to strong reflections and / or multipath reflections. This is accompanied by a large number of interference signals such as equipment vibration, pipe vibration, and airflow movement, leading to self-excitation and / or false triggering. Particularly, in the rearward radiation direction corresponding to the positive back lobe and rear side lobe, strong near-field reflections and / or multipath reflections are easily generated based on the high reflectivity characteristics of the rearward mounting surface and / or near-field reflecting surface constructed of metal or reinforced concrete components, resulting in self-excitation interference. This, in turn, affects the operational stability and anti-interference performance of the detection system.

[0153] Corresponding to the aforementioned shortcomings of traditional directional radiation antennas in vertical detection applications, the radiated beam of the laterally directional beamforming cylindrical antenna is tilted in the lateral directional radiation direction based on the setting of the second conduction path of the lateral shaping unit 20 that meets the corresponding requirements, and the radiation gain in the rearward direction (the direction behind the lateral directional radiation direction) is suppressed based on the setting of the second conduction path of the lateral shaping unit 20 that meets the corresponding requirements. When the laterally directional beamforming cylindrical antenna corresponds to... Figure 34 When the lateral mounting method is used for detection at a certain angle relative to the ground, the aforementioned defects of traditional directional radiation antennas in vertical detection applications can be effectively solved. At the same time, it can also increase the detection area, and based on the Doppler effect principle, it can improve the sensitivity and accuracy of detecting horizontally moving human bodies by providing high sensitivity and accuracy feedback on relative motion along the main radiation direction.

[0154] Furthermore, it is understood that traditional directional radiating antennas, based on lateral mounting, cannot be used for detection at a certain angle relative to the ground unless the orientation of the traditional directional radiating antenna is changed through corresponding structural design. This undoubtedly increases the complexity of the overall detection system in terms of mechanical structure and circuit connection design, and is not conducive to the miniaturization design of the overall detection system. Therefore, the lateral directional beamforming cylindrical antenna of the present invention, based on the setting of the second conduction path of the lateral shaping unit 20 that meets the corresponding requirements, can solve the industry pain points faced by traditional directional radiating antennas in vertical detection application scenarios and lateral mounting methods, and has important practical value and commercial significance.

[0155] As mentioned above, when the lateral shaping unit 20 has the first conduction path 201 that satisfies the aforementioned requirements, the corresponding radiation patterns are all compared to Figure 1 The radiation patterns of the conventional cylindrical antennas shown all exhibit a significant directional change in the lateral direction of the cylindrical radiation source 11. A cylindrical antenna with lateral directional beamforming having the first conduction path 201 that meets the aforementioned requirements is used as a comparative example. Refer to the accompanying drawings of this invention. Figure 35 As shown, when the lateral beamforming unit 20 is configured with a metal surface having an arcuate shape in its width direction, the radiation pattern of the lateral directional beamforming cylindrical antenna is compared to... Figure 1 The radiation pattern of the conventional cylindrical antenna shown has a significant directional change in the lateral direction of the cylindrical radiation source 11. The corresponding radiation beam is biased towards the cylindrical radiation source 11, but not significantly. That is, the distribution of the corresponding radiation beam, bounded by the reference ground 12 (corresponding to the line connecting -90° and 90° in the two-dimensional radiation pattern), has a relatively wide but not obvious distribution range in the positive direction (corresponding to the Z-axis direction in the figure) of the reference ground 12. Furthermore, the cylindrical antenna with lateral directional beamforming exhibits a lateral-backward change in the rearward direction (the direction behind the lateral directional radiation direction, corresponding to...). Figure 35 The radiation gain (pointing to the Y-axis) is between -6dB and -3dB.

[0156] It is worth mentioning that, Figure 35 The previous two-dimensional radiation pattern illustrations showed cross-sectional views of the three-dimensional radiation pattern on the plane formed by the Y and Z axes (Phi = 90 degrees) and on the plane formed by the X and Z axes (Phi = 0 degrees). Unlike the schematic representation of the two-dimensional radiation pattern in the previous illustrations, to better illustrate the distribution of the three-dimensional radiation pattern in the lateral directional radiation direction, in... Figure 35 The accompanying figures show the two-dimensional radiation pattern as a cross-sectional view of the three-dimensional radiation pattern on the plane formed by the Y and Z axes (Phi = 90 degrees) and on the plane formed by the X and Y axes (Theta = 90 degrees).

[0157] Furthermore, similar to the aforementioned method of determining the structural features of the first conduction path 201 based on the changes in shape and size of the lateral shaping unit 20, in the process of creating this invention, based on the structural basis that can form the first conduction path 201, different shapes and sizes of the corresponding lateral shaping unit 20 were explored to further suppress the radiation gain of the cylindrical antenna of the lateral directional beamforming in the rearward direction (the rearward direction of the lateral directional radiation direction) based on the changes in shape and size of the lateral shaping unit 20, so as to further determine the structural features of the second conduction path based on the changes in shape and size of the lateral shaping unit 20.

[0158] Example, referring to the accompanying drawings of the specification of the present invention. Figures 36 to 41 As shown, the cylindrical antenna capable of forming the second conduction path, along with its corresponding radiation pattern and S11 curve, are schematically illustrated. Wherein, is related to... Figure 35 The illustrated cylindrical antenna with lateral directional beamforming forms a contrast, in Figures 36 to 41 In the illustrated lateral directional beamforming cylindrical antenna, the shape and size variations of the lateral beamforming unit 20 are all based on Figure 35 The lateral shaping element 20 of the schematic lateral directional beamforming cylindrical antenna is formed in the extension of the space behind the reference ground 12.

[0159] Specifically, corresponding to the formation conditions of the second conductive path, the lateral beamforming unit 20 has a second grounding point and a second conductive path with the second grounding point as the path endpoint and a length approaching one-quarter wavelength, wherein the other path endpoint of the second conductive path is named a free point, the distance between the free point of the second conductive path and the reference ground 12 is greater than or equal to one-eighth wavelength and is located in the space behind the reference ground 12, wherein the distance between the second grounding point of the second conductive path and the radiation source point 101 is greater than or equal to one-sixteenth wavelength and less than or equal to one-half wavelength, thus, based on the second conductive path of the lateral beamforming unit 20 that satisfies the above requirements, a suppression electric field capable of suppressing the radiation near field of the columnar antenna 10 is further formed in the rear-side direction (rear direction of the lateral directional radiation direction) of the laterally directional beamforming columnar antenna, thereby suppressing the radiation gain of the laterally directional beamforming columnar antenna in the rear-side direction (rear direction of the lateral directional radiation direction).

[0160] Correspondingly, in Figure 36 , 37 And in the cylindrical antenna with lateral directional beamforming shown in Figure 38, the lateral beamforming unit 20 is the same as... Figure 35 The lateral beamforming element 20 of the illustrated laterally oriented beamforming cylindrical antenna has a width of half the electrical wavelength and is based on... Figure 35 The lateral beamforming element 20 of the illustrated lateral beamforming cylindrical antenna extends in the direction away from the reference ground 12 by a quarter wavelength, a half wavelength, and a three-quarter wavelength, respectively, to form the second conduction path that satisfies the aforementioned requirements. The radiation pattern of the lateral beamforming cylindrical antenna corresponds to... Figure 36 , 37 And 38 are compared to Figure 35The radiation gain is significantly reduced in the rearward direction (the direction behind the lateral directional radiation direction), and the radiation beam is significantly biased towards the columnar radiation source 11 in the lateral directional radiation direction. That is, the distribution of the corresponding radiation beam with the reference ground 12 as the boundary (corresponding to the line connecting -90° and 90° in the two-dimensional radiation pattern) has a relatively wider distribution range in the positive space of the reference ground 12 (corresponding to the direction of the Z axis in the figure).

[0161] It is worth mentioning that, in the foregoing and subsequent description of the present invention, the lateral directional radiation direction of the laterally directional beamforming cylindrical antenna is the lateral direction of the cylindrical radiation source 11. For ease of understanding of the specific orientation, the lateral directional radiation direction of the laterally directional beamforming cylindrical antenna should be specifically understood as the projection direction of the maximum projection surface of the lateral shaping unit 20 in the radial direction of the cylindrical radiation source 11. However, this understanding does not constitute a limitation on the deflection angle of the actual beam. That is, the orientation of the actual beam can be deflected towards the projection direction based on satisfying the formation of the aforementioned first conduction path 201, and deflected towards the cylindrical radiation source 11 based on satisfying the formation of the aforementioned second conduction path, but the overall orientation still presents a deflection towards the projection direction.

[0162] Furthermore, in Figure 39 , 40 And in the cylindrical antenna with lateral directional beamforming shown in Figure 41, the lateral beamforming unit 20 is based on Figure 35 The lateral beamforming element 20 of the illustrated lateral beamforming cylindrical antenna extends in the direction away from the reference ground 12 with widths of one-quarter, one-third, and three-quarters of an electrical wavelength, respectively, and a length of half a wavelength, thus forming the second conduction path that satisfies the aforementioned requirements. Correspondingly, the radiation pattern of the lateral beamforming cylindrical antenna corresponds to... Figure 39 , 40 And 41 are compared to Figure 35 It has a significantly reduced (below -6dB) lateral-backward (backward direction of lateral directional radiation) radiation gain, and a radiation beam that is significantly biased toward the columnar radiation source 11 in the lateral directional radiation direction.

[0163] Similarly, the structural examples corresponding to the extension shape and size changes of the lateral beamforming unit 2 in the reverse direction of the reference ground 12 are merely illustrative. During the creation of this invention, based on the structure of the cylindrical antenna with lateral directional beamforming in the above preferred embodiment, structures corresponding to different combinations of variables were explored. When the lateral beamforming unit 20 has the first conduction path 201 and the second conduction path satisfying the aforementioned requirements, the corresponding radiation patterns are all compared to... Figure 1 The radiation patterns of the conventional cylindrical antennas shown all exhibit a significant directional change in the lateral direction of the cylindrical radiation source 11. Compared to the cylindrical antenna with only the first conduction path 201 that satisfies the aforementioned requirements, it has a significantly reduced lateral-backward (backward direction of the lateral directional radiation direction) radiation gain and a radiation beam that is significantly biased towards the cylindrical radiation source 11 in the lateral directional radiation direction.

[0164] In particular, Figures 36 to 41 In the illustrated lateral beamforming cylindrical antenna, the corresponding radiation patterns are all based on the formation of the second conduction path, resulting in a radiation beam that is significantly biased towards the cylindrical radiation source 11 in the lateral beamforming direction, but the specific deflection angles are not the same. Therefore, the radiation beam of the lateral beamforming cylindrical antenna in the lateral beamforming direction can be tilted based on the setting of the second conduction path of the lateral beamforming unit 20 that meets the above requirements, and the tilt angle of the radiation beam of the lateral beamforming cylindrical antenna in the lateral beamforming direction can be adjusted / set based on at least one structural feature of the lateral beamforming unit 20, including its morphological features, size features, and positional features. This is beneficial for further improving the adaptability of the lateral beamforming cylindrical antenna to different application / installation requirements (such as installation height). For example, in the state where at least one structural feature of the lateral beamforming unit 20 is adjustable, it adapts to different application / installation requirements based on the adjustment of the corresponding structural feature of the lateral beamforming unit 20.

[0165] It is worth mentioning that, in these structural examples of the present invention, the portion of the lateral shaping unit 20 located in the rear space of the reference ground 12 integrally extends into the portion of the lateral shaping unit 20 located in the front space of the reference ground 12. That is, the lateral shaping unit 20 has a structural feature where the portion forming the second conductive path integrally extends into the portion forming the first conductive path, wherein this structural feature does not constitute a limitation of the present invention. In other embodiments of the present invention, based on considerations of manufacturing processes and / or based on considerations of the flexibility of adjusting the shape / size of the lateral shaping unit 20, the portion of the lateral shaping unit 20 located in the front space of the reference ground 12 and the portion located in the rear space of the reference ground 12 can also be designed as separate units, and the present invention does not limit this.

[0166] Furthermore, the lateral beamforming cylindrical antenna also includes a lateral back-radiation suppression unit, wherein the lateral back-radiation suppression unit is disposed in the back space of the reference ground 12 and electrically connected to the lateral beamforming unit 20, wherein the vertical projection of the lateral back-radiation suppression unit onto the plane of the reference ground 12 (i.e., the projection of the lateral back-radiation suppression unit onto the plane of the reference ground 12 in a direction perpendicular to the reference ground 12) has a length dimension greater than or equal to one-eighth of the electrical length along the lateral directional radiation direction of the lateral beamforming cylindrical antenna outside a lateral region on the plane of the reference ground 12, wherein the lateral region is the range on the plane of the reference ground 12 where the distance between the lateral region and the straight line through the radiation source point 101 in the lateral directional radiation direction of the lateral beamforming cylindrical antenna is less than or equal to one-eighth of the electrical length. In other words, a straight line is defined by the radiation source point 101 along the lateral directional radiation direction of the laterally directional beamforming cylindrical antenna. The lateral region is defined by a distance of less than or equal to one-eighth of the electrical wavelength between the reference ground 12 and this straight line on the plane where the reference ground 12 is located. The lateral backscattering suppression unit defines a projection area in the plane where the reference ground 12 is located in a direction perpendicular to the reference ground 12. This projection area has a length dimension of greater than or equal to one-eighth of the electrical wavelength along the lateral directional radiation direction of the laterally directional beamforming cylindrical antenna outside the lateral region on the plane where the reference ground 12 is located. This design, based on the corresponding shape and size of the side-backward radiation suppression unit, further suppresses the radiation gain of the laterally oriented beamforming cylindrical antenna in the side-backward direction (the direction behind the laterally oriented radiation direction). This reduces the probability of the laterally oriented beamforming cylindrical antenna being subjected to side-backward motion interference and electromagnetic interference, as well as the probability of the laterally oriented beamforming cylindrical antenna generating self-excited interference based on strong side-backward reflection and multipath reflection. Therefore, it is beneficial to further improve the applicability and anti-interference performance of the laterally oriented beamforming cylindrical antenna.

[0167] Example, referring to the accompanying drawings of the specification of the present invention. Figure 42 As shown, when the lateral directional beamforming cylindrical antenna is in Figure 37Furthermore, a metal plate electrically connected to the lateral beamforming unit 20 is disposed in the space behind the reference ground 12. The shape and size of the metal plate are configured such that when its vertical projection onto the plane of the reference ground 12 is located within the lateral region, specifically in this structural example of the invention, the shape and size of the metal plate are configured such that its vertical projection onto the plane of the reference ground 12 is located within the lateral region and is the same width as the lateral region. Even if the vertical projection of the metal plate onto the plane of the reference ground 12 has a length greater than or equal to one-eighth of the electrical wavelength along the lateral directional radiation direction of the cylindrical antenna of the lateral directional beamforming, specifically in this structural example of the invention, it has a length equal to one-half the electrical wavelength. The radiation pattern of the corresponding structure corresponds to 42 compared to... Figure 37 The suppression effect of the radiation gain of the cylindrical antenna with the lateral directional beamforming in the rearward direction (the rearward direction of the lateral directional radiation direction) was not observed.

[0168] And when the lateral directional beamforming cylindrical antenna is in Figure 37 When, based on the above, a side-rear radiation suppression unit that meets the aforementioned requirements is further provided, for example, corresponding to... Figures 43 to 45 Even if the vertical projection of the rear-facing radiation suppression unit 40 satisfying the foregoing requirements onto the plane where the reference ground 12 is located is only outside the lateral region and does not include the portion located within the lateral region, specifically in these structural examples of the present invention, the rear-facing radiation suppression unit 40 corresponds to Figure 43 , 44 And the vertical projection of 45 onto the plane where the reference ground 12 is located, along the lateral directional radiation direction of the cylindrical antenna with lateral directional beamforming, sequentially has length dimensions of half a wavelength electrical length, a quarter wavelength electrical length, and an eighth wavelength electrical length, with the corresponding radiation pattern corresponding to... Figure 43 , 44 And 45 are compared to Figure 37 It exhibits a significant suppression effect on the radiation gain of the cylindrical antenna with lateral directional beamforming in the rearward direction (the rearward direction of the lateral directional radiation direction).

[0169] Furthermore, refer to the accompanying drawings of the specification of this invention. Figures 46 to 48 As shown, when the vertical projection of the rear-facing radiation suppression unit 40 satisfying the aforementioned requirements onto the plane where the reference ground 12 is located simultaneously includes a portion located within the lateral region, specifically in these structural examples of the present invention, the rear-facing radiation suppression unit 40 corresponds to... Figure 46 , 47And 48, with a vertical projection of the reference ground 12 onto the plane having an equal width of half a wavelength electrical length and sequentially having lengths of one-eighth, one-quarter, and half a wavelength electrical length along the lateral directional radiation direction of the cylindrical antenna with the lateral directional beamforming, the corresponding radiation pattern corresponds to Figure 46 , 47 And 48 are compared to Figure 37 It still exhibits a significant suppression effect on the radiation gain of the cylindrical antenna with lateral directional beamforming in the rearward direction (the rearward direction of the lateral directional radiation direction).

[0170] It is worth mentioning that in these structural examples of the present invention, the rear-facing radiation suppression unit 40 that satisfies the foregoing requirements is exemplified in a planar rectangular shape parallel to the direction of the reference ground 12. While the rear-facing radiation suppression unit 40 satisfies the foregoing requirements, the specific shape and size of the rear-facing radiation suppression unit 40 do not constitute a limitation on the present invention. For example, in the present invention corresponding to... Figure 49 In the structural example, the lateral directional beamforming cylindrical antenna is... Figure 37 Based on this, a rear-facing radiation suppression unit 40, which is arranged in a circular plane and meets the aforementioned requirements, is further provided, and the corresponding radiation pattern is also compared to... Figure 37 It exhibits a significant suppression effect on the radiation gain of the cylindrical antenna with lateral directional beamforming in the rearward direction (the rearward direction of the lateral directional radiation direction).

[0171] Furthermore, in these structural examples of the present invention, the rear-side radiation suppression unit 40 is all in Figure 37 The structural form of the lateral directional beamforming cylindrical antenna shown is further configured. It can be understood that the suppression effect of the rearward radiation suppression unit 40 on the radiation gain of the lateral directional beamforming cylindrical antenna in the rearward direction (the direction behind the lateral directional radiation direction) does not depend on the structure of the lateral shaping unit 20. That is, the shape and size design of the rearward radiation suppression unit 40 can be independent of the shape and size design of the lateral shaping unit 20. As long as the structural design of the lateral directional beamforming cylindrical antenna can meet the requirements for forming the rearward radiation suppression unit 40 and the lateral shaping unit 20, the present invention does not limit this.

[0172] For example, corresponding to Figures 50 to 53The illustrated lateral beamforming cylindrical antenna, in which the lateral beamforming unit 20 and the lateral rearward radiation suppression unit 40 of different structural forms can be combined with each other, and are specifically designed as a single unit in these structural examples of the present invention, so that the lateral beamforming unit 20 of the single form can meet the structural configuration of the lateral rearward radiation suppression unit 40 that meets the aforementioned requirements, thereby suppressing the radiation gain of the lateral beamforming cylindrical antenna in the lateral rearward direction (the rearward direction of the lateral beamforming direction).

[0173] In other words, regardless of whether the lateral beamforming unit 20 and the lateral rearward radiation suppression unit 40 are designed as an integral part or as separate parts, as long as the structural design of the lateral directional beamforming cylindrical antenna can meet the requirements for forming the aforementioned lateral rearward radiation suppression unit 40, it can produce a significant suppression effect on the radiation gain of the lateral directional beamforming cylindrical antenna in the lateral rearward direction (the rearward direction of the lateral directional radiation direction). Accordingly, the specific shape and size of the lateral rearward radiation suppression unit 40 do not constitute a limitation of the present invention.

[0174] Furthermore, refer to the accompanying drawings of the specification of this invention. Figure 54A and Figure 54B As shown, to fully demonstrate the present invention, a preferred structure of the laterally oriented beamforming cylindrical antenna of the present invention is illustrated. In this preferred structure of the present invention, the laterally oriented beamforming cylindrical antenna... Figure 41 The illustrated structure is further provided with the aforementioned rear-facing radiation suppression unit 40, which satisfies the aforementioned requirements. Specifically, in this preferred structure of the present invention, the rear-facing radiation suppression unit 40 is arranged in a circular planar shape, wherein the lateral shaping unit 20 corresponds to... Figure 41 The lateral shaping unit 20, which has an arcuate shape in its width direction and arcuate ends located in the forward and backward spaces of the reference ground 12 respectively, has a diameter matching the shape of the arcuate ends of the lateral shaping unit 20 located in the backward space of the reference ground 12. The length of the arcuate ends of the lateral shaping unit 20 located in the backward space of the reference ground 12 corresponds to a dimension of the lateral shaping unit 20 in the width direction that is set to be greater than or equal to half a wavelength electrical length. The length of the arcuate ends of the lateral shaping unit 20 located in the forward space of the reference ground 12 corresponds to a dimension of the lateral shaping unit 20 in the width direction that is set to be greater than or equal to a quarter wavelength electrical length. In other words, the length of the cross-section of the lateral shaping unit 20 in the plane parallel to the reference ground 12 is equal to the width of the lateral shaping unit 20. The lateral shaping unit 20 corresponds to... Figure 41 It is not set in an arc shape with a single width. The corresponding radiation pattern corresponds to... Figure 54A and Figure 54B The radiation gain of the laterally oriented beamforming cylindrical antenna in the rear-side direction (backward direction of the laterally oriented radiation direction) is less than -9 dB, and less than -6 dB in the 60° angular range in the rear-side direction (backward direction of the laterally oriented radiation direction) (corresponding to the range of 60° to 120° in the figure).

[0175] It is worth mentioning that, in this preferred structure of the present invention, the portion of the lateral shaping unit 20 located in the back space of the reference ground 12 integrally extends into the portion of the lateral shaping unit 20 located in the front space of the reference ground 12. In order to simplify the installation structure and process of the integrally formed lateral shaping unit 20, the reference ground 12 is provided with an arc-shaped edge that matches the lateral shaping unit 20, so that the lateral shaping unit 20 can be installed on the side of the reference ground 20.

[0176] Specifically, as mentioned above, the tilt angle of the radiating beam of the laterally oriented beamforming cylindrical antenna in the lateral directional radiation direction can be adjusted / set based on at least one structural feature of the morphological, dimensional, and positional characteristics of the corresponding lateral shaping unit 20. To achieve adjustment of the tilt angle of the radiating beam of the laterally oriented beamforming cylindrical antenna in the lateral directional radiation direction, the lateral shaping unit 20 is movably configured. Specifically, in this preferred structure of the invention, the lateral shaping unit 20 is rotatably configured. To match the rotatable structure of the lateral shaping unit 20, the length of the arcuate side of the reference ground 12 is greater than the width of the lateral shaping unit 20 in the plane where the reference ground 12 is located, so that the lateral shaping unit 20 can rotate around the arcuate side of the reference ground 12. The corresponding adjustment effect corresponds to... Figure 54B Compared to Figure 54A It exhibits a clear tilt in the angle of the radiation beam.

[0177] It is understood that the specific form of the lateral rearward radiation suppression unit 40 that satisfies the aforementioned requirements does not constitute a limitation on the present invention. In some embodiments of the present invention, the lateral directional beamforming cylindrical antenna corresponds to Figure 55 exist Figure 41 Based on the illustrated structure, a rearward radiation suppression unit 40, satisfying the aforementioned requirements, is further provided in the form of a ring panel. The radiation gain of the corresponding radiation pattern in the rearward direction (the direction behind the lateral directional radiation direction) of the cylindrical antenna with lateral directional beamforming is less than -12 dB, and less than -9 dB within a 60° angular range in the rearward direction (corresponding to the range of 60° to 120° in the figure).

[0178] It is worth mentioning that, in some structures of the present invention, the side-backward radiation suppression unit 40 may optionally correspond to Figure 56 It is configured as a conductive layer carried on a circuit board. Similarly, the lateral beamforming unit 20 can also be configured as a conductive layer carried on a circuit board, forming the lateral beamforming unit 20 and / or the lateral rearward radiation suppression unit 40 that meet the corresponding requirements based on the circuit board arrangement in the corresponding orientation. Therefore, it is simple and easy to implement. The portion of the lateral beamforming unit 20 and / or the lateral rearward radiation suppression unit 40 carried on the circuit board is required to be configured in a planar form. In the case of the diverse shapes and sizes of the lateral beamforming unit 20 and the lateral rearward radiation suppression unit 40, it is easy to implement and can ensure the excellent performance of the corresponding lateral directional beamforming cylindrical antenna based on the corresponding structural configuration. For example, in this structural example of the present invention, the radiation pattern of the lateral directional beamforming cylindrical antenna corresponds to Figure 56 The radiation gain of the laterally oriented beamforming cylindrical antenna in the rear-side direction (backward direction of the laterally oriented radiation direction) remains less than -12dB, and similarly remains less than -9dB within a 60° angular range in the rear-side direction (corresponding to the range of 60° to 120° in the figure).

[0179] It is understood that the side-back radiation suppression unit 40 and the side shaping unit 20 are preferably implemented as metal plates or metal films due to conductivity requirements, or as conductive layers formed on non-metallic materials through processes such as electroplating, spraying, and doping. The present invention does not limit this.

[0180] It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the above embodiments are merely examples, and features of different embodiments can be combined with each other to obtain implementation methods that are readily conceivable according to the content disclosed in the present invention but are not explicitly shown in the accompanying drawings.

[0181] Those skilled in the art should understand that the embodiments of the present invention described above and shown in the accompanying drawings are merely examples and do not limit the present invention. The objectives of the present invention have been fully and effectively achieved. The functions and structural principles of the present invention have been demonstrated and explained in the embodiments, and any variations or modifications may be made to the implementation of the present invention without departing from the stated principles.

Claims

1. A cylindrical antenna with unidirectional beamforming, characterized in that, include: A cylindrical antenna, wherein the cylindrical antenna includes a cylindrical radiating source and a reference ground, wherein one end of the cylindrical radiating source extends directly toward the reference ground in a positive direction, spaced apart from the reference ground, wherein the cylindrical radiating source is fed from this end, and the other end of the cylindrical radiating source away from the feed end is located in the positive space of the reference ground; and A lateral beamforming unit is provided, wherein the lateral beamforming unit is disposed of as a metallic conductive material, wherein the shortest path between any two points on the lateral beamforming unit is the conduction path between those two points, the lateral beamforming unit has a first ground point and a first conduction path having a quarter wavelength electrical length with the first ground point as the path endpoint, wherein the wavelength is the wavelength corresponding to the frequency of the feed signal connected to the feed terminal of the columnar radiation source, wherein the lateral beamforming unit is grounded at the first ground point, wherein the other path endpoint of the first conduction path is named a free point, and the intersection point where the columnar radiation source intersects or extends to intersect the plane where the reference ground is located is named the lateral directional beamforming unit. The radiating source point of the cylindrical antenna is provided, wherein the free point and the end of the cylindrical radiating source away from the feed end are located in the positive space of the reference ground and have a distance greater than or equal to one-eighth of the electrical wavelength between them and the reference ground. The distance between the first ground point of the first conductive path and the radiating source point is greater than or equal to one-sixteenth of the electrical wavelength and less than or equal to one-half of the electrical wavelength. Thus, based on the first conductive path of the lateral shaping unit that satisfies the above requirements, a suppression electric field capable of suppressing the near field of radiation of the cylindrical antenna is formed in the lateral direction of the cylindrical radiating source, thereby directional shaping of the radiation beam of the cylindrical antenna in the lateral direction of the cylindrical radiating source.

2. The lateral beamforming columnar antenna according to claim 1, wherein the lateral beamforming unit is disposed in the form of a columnar metal strip and electrically connected to the reference ground at one end to form the first grounding point of the lateral beamforming unit at that end, corresponding to a state in which the first conduction path has the first grounding point as the path endpoint and has a quarter wavelength electrical length, the lateral beamforming unit disposed in the form of a columnar metal strip is disposed with a physical length greater than or equal to a quarter wavelength electrical length.

3. The lateral beamforming columnar antenna according to claim 2, wherein the lateral beamforming unit, which is configured in the form of a columnar metal strip, is configured to have a physical length equal to a quarter wavelength electrical length, so as to form the free point at the other end of the lateral beamforming unit, and a first conductive path corresponding to the lateral beamforming unit, with the first ground point as the path endpoint and having a length approaching a quarter wavelength electrical length, is formed between the two ends of the lateral beamforming unit configured in the form of a columnar metal strip.

4. The lateral directional beamforming columnar antenna according to claim 3, wherein the lateral beamforming unit, which is configured in the form of a columnar metal strip, is configured such that the distance between the first grounding point of the first conduction path and the radiation source point is equal to a quarter wavelength electrical length.

5. The lateral beamforming columnar antenna according to claim 4, wherein the lateral beamforming unit is configured as a straight-extending columnar metal strip, wherein the lateral beamforming unit configured as a straight-extending columnar metal strip is perpendicular to the reference ground.

6. The lateral beamforming cylindrical antenna according to claim 2, wherein the lateral beamforming unit is disposed in the form of a metallic surface, with the height direction of the lateral beamforming unit corresponding to the direction perpendicular to the reference ground, and the projection surface of the lateral beamforming unit in at least one radial direction of the cylindrical radiation source has a width greater than or equal to one-thirty-second of the electrical wavelength.

7. The lateral beamforming cylindrical antenna according to claim 6, wherein the lateral beamforming unit, which is disposed in the form of a metallic surface, forms a metallic surface in the lateral direction and the top direction of the cylindrical radiation source, respectively.

8. The lateral beamforming cylindrical antenna according to claim 6, wherein the lateral beamforming unit, which is disposed in the form of a metal surface, forms a metal surface on each of the two mutually perpendicular lateral directions of the cylindrical radiation source.

9. The lateral directional beamforming cylindrical antenna according to claim 6, wherein the lateral beamforming unit is configured in the form of a concave metal surface, wherein the lateral beamforming unit configured in the form of a concave metal surface is arranged laterally around the cylindrical radiation source with the cylindrical radiation source located in the concave space of the concave metal surface.

10. The lateral beamforming cylindrical antenna according to claim 9, wherein the lateral beamforming unit, which is disposed in the form of a metallic surface, forms a lateral opening in the lateral direction of the cylindrical radiation source with the reference ground as its base.

11. The laterally oriented beamforming cylindrical antenna of claim 10, wherein the laterally oriented beamforming cylindrical antenna further comprises a beam-expanding channel formed with a metal material as the channel wall, wherein the beam-expanding channel has a connection port and an expansion port, wherein the connection port matches and is connected to the lateral opening of the lateral shaping unit, wherein in the state where the connection port is connected to the lateral opening of the lateral shaping unit, the expansion port has an aperture that is expanded relative to the connection port in a direction perpendicular to the reference ground.

12. The laterally oriented beamforming cylindrical antenna according to claim 1, wherein the projection direction of the maximum projection surface of the laterally oriented unit in the radial direction of the cylindrical radiation source is defined as a laterally oriented radiation direction, the laterally oriented unit has a second grounding point and a second conductive path with the second grounding point as a path endpoint and having a length approaching one-quarter wavelength, wherein another path endpoint of the second conductive path is named a free point, the distance between the free point of the second conductive path and the reference ground is greater than or equal to one-eighth wavelength and is located in the space behind the reference ground, wherein the distance between the second grounding point of the second conductive path and the radiation source point is greater than or equal to one-sixteenth wavelength and less than or equal to one-half wavelength, thereby forming a suppression electric field in the rearward direction of the laterally oriented radiation direction based on the second conductive path of the laterally oriented unit that satisfies the above requirements, thereby suppressing the radiation gain of the laterally oriented beamforming cylindrical antenna in the rearward direction of the laterally oriented radiation direction.

13. The cylindrical antenna with lateral directional beamforming according to claim 12, wherein the portion of the lateral beamforming unit located in the back space of the reference ground integrally extends into the portion of the lateral beamforming unit located in the front space of the reference ground.

14. The lateral directional beamforming cylindrical antenna according to claim 13, wherein at least one structural feature of the morphological features, size features, and position features of the lateral beamforming unit is adjustable.

15. The cylindrical antenna with lateral directional beamforming according to claim 12, wherein the portion of the lateral beamforming unit located in the forward space of the reference ground and the portion located in the backward space of the reference ground are designed separately.

16. The lateral directional beamforming cylindrical antenna according to claim 15, wherein at least one structural feature of the lateral beamforming unit, which employs a split design, is adjustable in terms of its morphological, dimensional, and positional characteristics.

17. The lateral directional beamforming cylindrical antenna according to any one of claims 12 to 16, wherein a straight line is defined in the lateral directional radiation direction through the radiation source point, and a lateral region is defined by a range on the plane where the reference ground is located, the distance between the straight line and the line is less than or equal to one-eighth of the electrical wavelength, the lateral directional beamforming cylindrical antenna further comprising a lateral backward radiation suppression unit electrically connected to the lateral beamforming unit in the back space of the reference ground, wherein the lateral backward radiation suppression unit defines a projection area in the plane where the reference ground is located in a direction perpendicular to the reference ground, the projection area having a length dimension greater than or equal to one-eighth of the electrical wavelength along the lateral directional radiation direction outside the lateral region.

18. The cylindrical antenna with lateral directional beamforming according to claim 17, wherein the vertical projection of the lateral backscattering suppression unit onto the plane of the reference ground is located only outside the lateral region and does not include the portion located within the lateral region.

19. The lateral directional beamforming cylindrical antenna of claim 17, wherein the lateral backscattering radiation suppression unit, in its vertical projection onto the plane of the reference ground, simultaneously includes a portion located within the lateral region.

20. The lateral directional beamforming cylindrical antenna according to claim 19, wherein the lateral rearward radiation suppression unit is disposed in a planar form as a conductive layer carried on a circuit board.

21. The lateral directional beamforming cylindrical antenna according to claim 19, wherein the lateral rearward radiation suppression unit is arranged in the form of an annular panel.

22. The lateral directional beamforming cylindrical antenna according to claim 19, wherein the lateral rearward radiation suppression unit is arranged in a circular planar shape.

23. The cylindrical antenna with lateral directional beamforming according to claim 22, wherein the lateral beamforming unit has an arcuate shape in its width direction and has arcuate ends located in the forward space and the backward space of the reference ground respectively, wherein the lateral rearward radiation suppression unit, which is arranged in a circular planar shape, has a diameter that matches the shape of the arcuate ends of the lateral beamforming unit.

24. The cylindrical antenna with lateral directional beamforming as claimed in claim 23, wherein the arcuate end length of the lateral beamforming unit in the space opposite to the reference ground is set to be greater than or equal to half a wavelength electrical length, and the arcuate end length of the lateral beamforming unit in the space in front of the reference ground is set to be greater than or equal to a quarter wavelength electrical length.

25. The cylindrical antenna with lateral directional beamforming as claimed in claim 24, wherein the reference ground is provided with an arcuate edge that matches the lateral beamforming unit, the length of the arcuate edge of the reference ground being greater than the width of the lateral beamforming unit in the plane of the reference ground, wherein the lateral beamforming unit is rotatably disposed about the arcuate edge of the reference ground.

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