Dual-frequency dual-circularly polarized phased array antenna

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of dual-frequency dual-circular polarization phased array antennas, using Q frequency band, V frequency band co-array face form is designed, dual-frequency dual-circular polarization phased array antenna includes alternately arranged Q frequency band array and V frequency band array;Q frequency band array includes multiple Q frequency band units, V frequency band array includes multiple V frequency band units;Dual-frequency dual-circular polarization phased array antenna includes metal plate and PCB board;Each Q frequency band unit and each V frequency band unit include radiator and feed layer;Feed layer is arranged on PCB board, metal plate is connected with PCB board, for avoiding electromagnetic wave leakage on feed layer;Metal plate is equipped with metal cavity, metal cavity is used to fix radiator;Wherein, feed layer is made into 90 ° bridge circuit using strip line, to realize dual-circular polarization.The application uses Q, V frequency band co-array face form, alternately arranged, by increasing the way of array element spacing, to reduce the number of array elements.The application can be widely applied in the field of antenna technology.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of antenna, in particular to a dual-frequency dual-circular polarization phased array antenna. BACKGROUND

[0002] The current dual-frequency dual-circular polarization phased array antenna is mainly realized in the form of a patch antenna. The existing first technical solution places two patches of different sizes on different layers of dielectric substrates as a unit. The two patches of different sizes work at K / Ka frequency bands, and different ports can realize left-handed circular polarization and right-handed circular polarization, respectively. The unit is arranged in a sequence to form a 2*2 subarray to improve the purity of circular polarization, and finally a 36-element phased array antenna is constructed, and the axial ratio is less than 6dB when scanning to ±60°. The existing second technical solution arranges two frequency band equilateral triangular patch antenna units in an interlaced manner to realize circular polarization through two strip lines with a phase difference of 90°. The array adopts a triangular grid arrangement to form a hexagonal array, each frequency band including 33 units, and the array element spacing is 0.5λ. The scanning angle of the two frequency bands can reach 20°.

[0003] However, the existing technical solution still has the following disadvantages: 1) The array element spacing is small, and a large number of array elements are required to achieve high array gain, resulting in high manufacturing cost of the antenna, poor heat dissipation performance, and increased complexity and failure rate of the feed network design. 2) The unit gain is low, and the existing solution cannot achieve high array element gain with the same number of array elements. SUMMARY

[0004] In order to at least partially solve one of the technical problems existing in the prior art, the purpose of the present application is to provide a dual-frequency dual-circular polarization phased array antenna.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present application is:

[0006] A dual-frequency dual-circular polarization phased array antenna is designed in the form of a Q-band and V-band co-array surface. The dual-frequency dual-circular polarization phased array antenna includes Q-band arrays and V-band arrays arranged alternately, and the design idea of the V-band array is the same as that of the Q-band array. The Q-band array includes a plurality of Q-band units, and the V-band array includes a plurality of V-band units.

[0007] The dual-frequency dual-circular polarization phased array antenna includes a metal plate and a PCB plate. Each Q-band unit and each V-band unit includes a radiator and a feed layer. The feed layer is arranged on the PCB plate, and the metal plate is connected with the PCB plate to avoid electromagnetic wave leakage on the feed layer. The metal plate is provided with a metal cavity for fixing the radiator.

[0008] The feeding layer is made into a 90° electric bridge circuit using a strip line to realize double circular polarization.

[0009] Further, the shape of the radiator is umbrella-shaped, and the top of the radiator is hollowed out.

[0010] Further, the radiator is made of low-loss medium.

[0011] Further, the low-loss medium is polycarbonate.

[0012] Further, the feeding layer of the Q-band unit includes three layers of medium substrates, and the semi-cured sheets are used to bond between each layer of medium substrates.

[0013] The feeding layer of the V-band unit includes three layers of medium substrates, and the semi-cured sheets are used to bond between each layer of medium substrates; wherein, the second layer of medium substrates and the second layer of semi-cured sheets are subjected to copper cladding processing.

[0014] The 90° electric bridge circuit is arranged between the first layer of medium substrates and the first layer of semi-cured sheets, and the first layer of medium substrates is close to the metal plate.

[0015] Further, the position of the output end of the 90° electric bridge circuit matches the position of the radiator; a plurality of first metallized vias are arranged around the output end of the 90° electric bridge circuit to form a cavity; the top surface of the cavity is close to the radiator, and the bottom surface of the cavity is provided with a metal layer.

[0016] The first metallized via of the Q-band unit penetrates the three layers of medium substrates of the feeding layer, and the first metallized via of the V-band unit penetrates the first layer of medium substrates and the second layer of medium substrates of the feeding layer.

[0017] Further, the distance between the 90° electric bridge circuit and the metal layer is one-quarter wavelength.

[0018] Further, the PCB is provided with a radio frequency interface plate for mounting a radio frequency interface.

[0019] The radio frequency interface plate is connected with the input end of the 90° electric bridge circuit through a probe.

[0020] The radio frequency interface plate is adhered to the third layer of medium substrates through the third layer of semi-cured sheets.

[0021] Further, a plurality of second metallized vias are arranged around the input end of the 90° electric bridge circuit to form a cavity, and the probe is arranged in the cavity.

[0022] The second metallized via penetrates through the three-layer dielectric substrate of the feed layer, and the top surface and the bottom surface of the second metallized via are both provided with a metal layer.

[0023] Further, the Q-band array includes 32 Q-band units, and 8 Q-band units form a group; the V-band array includes 32 V-band units, and 8 V-band units form a group; the Q-band array and the V-band array are alternately arranged in the form of groups.

[0024] The application has the beneficial effects that: the application adopts the form of Q-band and V-band common array plane, is alternately arranged, reduces the number of array elements by increasing the array element spacing, then widens the unit aperture in the longitudinal direction by using the radiator, improves the unit gain, and shapes the unit pattern, and good effects are obtained. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0025] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the application or the prior art, the following introduces the drawings of the related technical solutions in the embodiments of the application or the prior art. It should be understood that the drawings in the following introduction are only for the convenience of clearly describing some embodiments in the technical solutions of the application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor on the basis of the drawings.

[0026] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the array surface arrangement of the phased array antenna in the embodiments of the application;

[0027] Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the Q-band unit and the V-band unit in the embodiments of the application;

[0028] Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the radiator in the embodiments of the application;

[0029] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the 90° bridge circuit in the embodiments of the application;

[0030] Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the cavity surrounded by the metallized via in the embodiments of the application;

[0031] Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the microstrip line-band line switching structure of the Q-band unit in the embodiments of the application;

[0032] Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the microstrip line-band line switching structure of the V-band unit in the embodiments of the application;

[0033] Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the RF interface board wiring in the embodiments of the application;

[0034] Figure 9 is a three-dimensional diagram of the dual-frequency dual-circularly-polarized phased array antenna in the embodiments of the application;

[0035] Figure 10is a side view of a dual-frequency dual-circularly polarized phased array antenna in an embodiment of the present application;

[0036] Figure 11 is a top view of a dual-frequency dual-circularly polarized phased array antenna in an embodiment of the present application;

[0037] Figure 12 is a scan pattern at 37.8 GHz (LHCP) in an embodiment of the present application;

[0038] Figure 13 is a scan pattern at 37.8 GHz (RHCP) in an embodiment of the present application;

[0039] Figure 14 is a scan pattern at 47.3 GHz (LHCP) in an embodiment of the present application;

[0040] Figure 15 is a scan pattern at 47.3 GHz (RHCP) in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] Embodiments of the present application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which the same or similar components have the same or similar designations and functions throughout the various figures and like reference numerals denote like elements. The embodiments described below are examples of the present application, and are not intended to limit the present application. For the steps in the following embodiments, the order of the steps is set forth only for ease of explanation, and no limitation is made to the order of the steps, and the order of execution of the steps in the embodiments can be adaptively adjusted according to the understanding of those skilled in the art.

[0042] In the description of the present application, if the orientation description such as up, down, front, back, left, right, etc. is involved, the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings is only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation of the present application.

[0043] In the description of the present application, the meaning of several is one or more, and the meaning of multiple is two or more. Greater than, less than, more than, etc. are understood as not including the number, and above, below, etc. are understood as including the number. If it is described as first, second, etc., it is only for the purpose of distinguishing technical features, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated or the order of technical features indicated.

[0044] In addition, in the description of the present application, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise specified. The association relationship of the associated objects described by "and / or" means that there can be three relationships, for example, A and / or B can mean that A exists alone, A and B exist together, and B exists alone. The character " / " generally represents an "or" relationship between the associated objects before and after it.

[0045] In the description of the present application, unless otherwise explicitly limited, the words such as setting, installing, connecting and the like should be understood in a broad sense, and the person skilled in the art can reasonably determine the specific meaning of the above words in the present application in combination with the specific content of the technical solution.

[0046] In the current research scheme, most phased array antennas use an element spacing less than 0.5λ to form an array, so there are more unit quantities. With the increase of the number of elements, the number of required T / R components and phase shifters also increases, and the cost accounts for a large part of the manufacturing cost of the entire phased array antenna. The present application reduces the number of elements by increasing the element spacing while ensuring that the relevant requirements of the antenna required radiation performance are met, then uses the medium to expand the unit aperture in the longitudinal direction, improves the unit gain, and shapes the unit pattern, which achieves good results. The present application reduces the production cost of the phased array antenna while ensuring the performance of the antenna, and realizes the function of dual circular polarization in two frequency bands at the same time.

[0047] Referring to Figure 1 , Figure 9 , Figure 10 and Figure 11 , the embodiment provides a dual-frequency dual-circularly-polarized phased array antenna, which is designed in the form of Q-band and V-band co-array surface, the dual-frequency dual-circularly-polarized phased array antenna comprises Q-band arrays and V-band arrays arranged alternately, and the design idea of the V-band arrays is the same as that of the Q-band arrays; the Q-band array comprises a plurality of Q-band units, and the V-band array comprises a plurality of V-band units.

[0048] The dual-frequency dual-circularly-polarized phased array antenna comprises a metal plate and a PCB plate; each Q-band unit and each V-band unit comprises a radiator and a feed layer; the feed layer is arranged on the PCB plate, and the metal plate is connected with the PCB plate and used for avoiding electromagnetic wave leakage on the feed layer; a metal cavity is arranged on the metal plate, and the metal cavity is used for fixing the radiator.

[0049] The feed layer is made into a 90° bridge circuit using a strip line to realize dual circular polarization.

[0050] As an optional implementation, referring to Figure 1The Q-band array includes 32 Q-band units, and 8 Q-band units form a group; the V-band array includes 32 V-band units, and 8 V-band units form a group; and the Q-band array and the V-band array are alternately arranged in the form of a group. Figure 1 In the figure, the square represents a Q-band antenna unit, and the circle represents a V-band antenna unit. Figure 2(a) is a schematic diagram of a Q-band unit, and Figure 2(b) is a schematic diagram of a V-band unit. Figure 9 Figure 1(c) is a three-dimensional view of the dual-frequency dual-circularly-polarized phased array antenna, Figure 10 Figure 1(d) is a side view of the dual-frequency dual-circularly-polarized phased array antenna, Figure 11 Figure 1(e) is a top view of the dual-frequency dual-circularly-polarized phased array antenna.

[0051] The dual-frequency dual-circularly-polarized phased array antenna is explained and described in detail below in combination with the accompanying drawings.

[0052] (1) Radiator

[0053] The phased array antenna unit has a size of about 1λ*1λ, and even if the aperture efficiency is 100%, the directivity is only 12dBi, and the gain of the unit will further decrease after removing the loss and margin. In order to achieve a high array gain in the normal direction, the present application uses a way of expanding the aperture in the longitudinal direction to improve the gain, that is, loading a low-loss medium, and the medium material used is polycarbonate. On the other hand, the unit spacing of one wavelength, if the phased array antenna composed of the medium loaded units without shaping treatment is directly used, two main lobes will appear in the visible space, affecting the performance of the antenna. Therefore, it is necessary to control the unit pattern shape to ensure the main lobe gain and low side lobe / grating lobe level during antenna scanning. The present application shapes the medium loaded by the unit, and the overall appearance is umbrella-shaped, and the medium is fixed in a metal cavity. In this way, it is beneficial to shape the active unit pattern, and a small-aperture high-gain high-efficiency radiator is realized. The radiator part is shown in Figure 3. Among them, Figure 3(a) is a schematic diagram of the shaped medium block, and Figure 3(b) is a schematic diagram of the medium fixed in the metal cavity.

[0054] (2) Feed layer

[0055] Considering that the phased array antenna of the present application works in a high frequency band, in order to facilitate processing and make the antenna have high stability and integration, a 90° bridge is processed on the PCB to realize dual circular polarization using a strip line, as shown in Figure 4. Figure 4 The implementation principle of circular polarization is that the electromagnetic wave fed in from the port passes through the 90° bridge to generate two orthogonal components, and the two components excite two waveguide base modes with a phase difference of 90° in the circular medium waveguide, thereby realizing circular polarization. In addition, by exciting different ports of the 90° bridge, left-handed and right-handed circularly polarized electromagnetic waves will be generated respectively.

[0056] The application is to realize the use of 3-layer medium substrate in Q-band dual circular polarization, the material is Rogers RO3003, prepreg (semi-cured sheet) is used for bonding between each medium substrate, Q-band has 5-layer structure, and V-band is 3-layer structure, finally, in order to ensure that the feed structures of two frequency bands have the same height, two layers are added in V-band, and copper coating is made on the top surface and the bottom surface of the two layers. The bridge is located between substrate 1 (medium substrate) and prepreg 1. At the end of the bridge, a cavity is surrounded by a metalized via at the position of the dielectric block for exciting the radiation part, and the GND on the top surface of the substrate is not reserved on the top of the cavity, and the GND on the bottom surface of the substrate is about a quarter wavelength away from the bridge, as shown in FIG. 5. FIG. 5(a) is a schematic diagram of the metalized via of the Q-band, and FIG. 5(b) is a schematic diagram of the metalized via of the V-band. The design principle here is similar to the adapter structure of the coaxial line and the waveguide, the cavity surrounded by the metalized via ensures the main mode transmission in the working frequency band, the end of the bridge extends into the cavity, which is equivalent to a probe radiating energy to excite the electromagnetic field in the waveguide, and the bottom GND of the cavity is equivalent to a short-circuit plate, and the dielectric block is connected at the other end of the cavity, and the electromagnetic wave can only propagate in the direction of the dielectric block. From any interface at the starting position of the bridge, the signal is fed in, two orthogonal electromagnetic waves with equal amplitude and phase difference of 90° are formed in the cavity, and then circularly polarized waves are formed.

[0057] (3) RF interface board

[0058] In order to meet the needs of processing and testing, an RF interface board is needed to place the interface part, and the RF interface board substrate 4 of the Q-band and the V-band is adhered to the substrate 3 by the prepreg 3 adhesive, as shown in FIG. 6(a) and FIG. 7(a). The 90° bridge formed by the stripline needs to be connected to the microstrip line on the RF interface board by a probe, and if the probe is directly used to connect the stripline and the microstrip line, it will cause large insertion loss and mismatch. In order to improve the matching, an adapter structure needs to be designed, as shown in FIG. 6(b) and FIG. 7(b), and the metalized via is used between the top and bottom GND to semi-enclose the probe. The purpose is to prevent the discontinuity at the connection between the stripline and the probe from exciting the plate mode and causing a large leakage of electromagnetic energy. The two arms of the 90° bridge are connected to the RF interface board by a probe, and different wiring will respectively generate left-handed and right-handed circularly polarized waves, as shown in FIG. 8. FIG. 8(a) is a schematic diagram of the wiring of the RF interface board of the Q-band unit, and FIG. 8(b) is a schematic diagram of the wiring of the RF interface board of the V-band unit.

[0059] The simulation results of the above-mentioned dual-frequency dual-circularly polarized phased array antenna are as follows Figures 12-15As shown above, the dual-frequency dual-circularly polarized phased array antenna of the embodiment has at least the following advantages and beneficial effects relative to the prior art solutions:

[0060] 1) Design of the dual-frequency dual-circularly polarized phased array antenna. The umbrella-shaped dielectric is used as a radiator, and the metalized via hole is used to enclose a circular cavity in the multilayer dielectric substrate. The 90° electric bridge is used to excite left / right circularly polarized waves in the cavity, and then the probe is used to excite two input ends of the 90° electric bridge, so as to generate two different polarizations.

[0061] 2) By loading the dielectric, the shape of the dielectric is designed to change the distribution of the antenna surface current, so that the phased array under the condition of large spacing can better suppress the grating lobe in the scanning state, and improve the overall performance of the antenna. In addition, under the condition of unit spacing 1λ, ±20° scanning can be achieved.

[0062] In the above description of the present specification, the description of the terms "one embodiment", "another embodiment", or "some embodiments" or the like means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in connection with the embodiments or examples are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In the present specification, the illustrative description of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner.

[0063] Although the embodiments of the present application have been shown and described, those skilled in the art can understand that various changes, modifications, replacements and variations can be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present application, and the scope of the present application is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

[0064] The above is a specific description of the preferred embodiment of the present application, but the present application is not limited to the above embodiments. Those skilled in the art can make various equivalent modifications or replacements without departing from the spirit of the present application, and these equivalent modifications or replacements are all included in the scope defined by the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A dual-frequency dual-circularly polarized phased array antenna, characterized in that, The double-frequency double-circularly-polarized phased array antenna is designed in the form of Q-band and V-band common apertures, and comprises Q-band arrays and V-band arrays arranged alternately. The double-frequency double-circularly-polarized phased array antenna comprises a metal plate and a PCB plate; each of the Q-band units and each of the V-band units comprises a radiator and a feed layer; the feed layer is arranged on the PCB plate, and the metal plate is connected with the PCB plate to avoid electromagnetic wave leakage on the feed layer; the metal plate is provided with a metal cavity for fixing the radiator. The feed layer is made into a 90° bridge circuit using a strip line to realize double circular polarization. The shape of the radiator is umbrella-shaped, and the top of the radiator is hollowed out; the size of the frequency band unit of the double-frequency double-circularly-polarized phased array antenna is λ*λ, and λ is the wavelength corresponding to the operating frequency. The radiator is made of low-loss medium.

2. The dual-frequency dual-circularly-polarized phased array antenna according to claim 1, wherein, The low-loss medium is polycarbonate.

3. The dual-frequency dual-circularly-polarized phased array antenna according to claim 1, wherein, The feed layer of the Q-band unit comprises three layers of medium substrates, and the layers of medium substrates are bonded by using prepreg. The feed layer of the V-band unit comprises three layers of medium substrates, and the layers of medium substrates are bonded by using prepreg; wherein, the second layer of medium substrate and the second layer of prepreg of the feed layer of the V-band unit are subjected to copper cladding treatment; the second layer of medium substrate is the middle layer of medium substrate of the three layers of medium substrates. The 90° bridge circuit is arranged between the first layer of medium substrate and the first layer of prepreg of the feed layer of the Q-band unit and the V-band unit, and the first layer of medium substrate is close to the metal plate.

4. The dual-frequency dual-circularly-polarized phased array antenna according to claim 3, wherein, The position of the output end of the 90° bridge circuit matches the position of the radiator; a plurality of first metallized vias are arranged around the output end of the 90° bridge circuit to form a cavity; the top surface of the cavity is close to the radiator, and the bottom surface of the cavity is provided with a metal layer. The first metallized via of the Q-band unit penetrates the three layers of medium substrates of the feed layer, and the first metallized via of the V-band unit penetrates the first layer of medium substrate and the second layer of medium substrate of the feed layer.

5. The dual-frequency dual-circularly-polarized phased array antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that, The distance between the 90° bridge circuit and the metal layer is one-quarter wavelength.

6. The dual-frequency dual-circularly-polarized phased array antenna according to claim 3, wherein, The PCB plate is provided with a radio frequency interface plate for mounting a radio frequency interface; The radio frequency interface plate is connected with the input end of the 90° bridge circuit through a probe; The radio frequency interface plate is adhered to the third layer of medium substrate through the third layer of prepreg.

7. The dual-frequency dual-circularly-polarized phased array antenna according to claim 6, wherein, A plurality of second metallized vias are arranged around the input end of the 90° bridge circuit to form a cavity, and the probe is arranged in the cavity; The second metallized via penetrates the three layers of medium substrates of the feed layer, and the top surface and the bottom surface of the second metallized via are both provided with a metal layer.

8. The dual-frequency dual-circularly-polarized phased array antenna according to claim 1, wherein, The Q-band array comprises 32 Q-band units, and 8 Q-band units form a group; the V-band array comprises 32 V-band units, and 8 V-band units form a group; the Q-band array and the V-band array are arranged alternately in the form of groups.

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