Bolt extractor with distal engagement region

Abstract

A threaded fastener extractor (110 or 510) can include a drive end configured to engage with a powered driver, where the drive end has a shaft body, and an engagement end coaxially coupled to the drive end about an axis. The engagement end is configured to engage with an extraction hole (330) formed in a threaded fastener (300). The engagement end can include a side cutting edge (140 or 530) disposed on a side of the engagement end and an end cutting edge (150 or 540) disposed at a distal end of the engagement end. The side cutting edge (140 or 530) and the end cutting edge (150 or 540) each provide an engagement area for transmitting torque between the extractor (110 or 510) and the threaded fastener (300).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] Exemplary embodiments generally relate to bolt extractor devices, and more specifically to bolt extractor devices including an engagement region formed at its distal end to engage the bottom of a drilled hole for removing bolts or other threaded fasteners. Background Technology

[0002] Bolts, screws, and other threaded fasteners are commonly used to join parts or materials together. Threaded fasteners can have different heads that are configured to engage via slots or other means around the outer edge of the head, or these heads can have holes formed therein for receiving a drive mechanism.

[0003] In some cases, the edge of the hole or the outer edge of the head may be damaged or detached. The causes of such damage or detachment can be varied, ranging from overtightening to using an incorrectly sized drive. Whatever the cause, removing a threaded fastener when the head has come off can become extremely difficult. In this regard, further attempts to remove it will usually only worsen the damage to the head.

[0004] One method for removing damaged threaded fasteners is to drill a hole along the axis of the fastener and then insert a bolt extractor into the hole. Bolt extractors typically have a grooved cutting edge along their side, which engages with the side of the drilled hole. In some cases, a hammer can be used to drive the grooved cutting edge into the inner circumference of the hole. The bolt extractor can then be rotated to remove the threaded fastener. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Some exemplary embodiments enable the provision of improved bolt extractors that offer enhanced engagement with damaged threaded fasteners and further enhance the ability to initiate drilling for bolt extraction. Therefore, performance can be improved, and overall utility can also be enhanced.

[0006] In one exemplary embodiment, a threaded fastener extractor is provided. The threaded fastener extractor may include a drive end and a engagement end, the drive end being configured to be connected to an electric actuator, wherein the drive end has a shaft, and the engagement end is operatively and coaxially coupled to the drive end about an axis. The engagement end may be configured to engage an extraction hole formed in a threaded fastener. The engagement end may include a first set of engagement regions for transmitting torque between the extractor and the extraction hole at a first radial distance from the axis and at a first axial position along the engagement end. The engagement end may also include a second set of engagement regions for transmitting torque between the extractor and the threaded fastener at a second radial distance from the axis and at a second axial position along the engagement end. The second radial distance may be less than the first radial distance, and the second axial position may be closer to the distal end of the extractor than the first axial position.

[0007] In another exemplary embodiment, a threaded fastener extractor may be provided. The threaded fastener extractor may include a drive end and an engagement end, the drive end being configured to connect to an electric actuator, wherein the drive end has a shaft, and the engagement end is operatively and coaxially coupled to the drive end about an axis. The engagement end may be configured to engage an extraction hole formed in a threaded fastener. The engagement end may include a side cutting edge disposed on a side of the engagement end and an end cutting edge disposed at a distal end of the engagement end. The side cutting edge and the end cutting edge each provide an engagement region for transmitting torque between the extractor and the threaded fastener. Attached Figure Description

[0008] Having already described some exemplary embodiments in general terms, reference will now be made to the accompanying drawings, which are not necessarily drawn to scale, and in which:

[0009] Figure 1 A perspective view of a set of bolt extractors according to an exemplary embodiment is shown;

[0010] Figure 2A This is a side view of the engagement end of a bolt extractor according to an exemplary embodiment;

[0011] Figure 2B This is a top view of the engagement end of a bolt extractor according to an exemplary embodiment;

[0012] Figure 2C This is a perspective view of the engagement end of a bolt extractor according to an exemplary embodiment;

[0013] Figure 3A This is a side view of a bolt extractor according to an exemplary embodiment, the bolt extractor being used to form a notch or recess in the head of a threaded fastener to facilitate drilling an extraction hole;

[0014] Figure 3B This is a side view showing a cross-section of a threaded fastener after drilling an extraction hole according to an example embodiment;

[0015] Figure 4A It is a cross-sectional view of the head of a threaded fastener, which shows in more detail the extraction hole according to an exemplary embodiment;

[0016] Figure 4B This is a cross-sectional view of the engagement end of a bolt extractor according to an exemplary embodiment;

[0017] Figure 4C This is a cross-sectional view of the engagement end of a bolt extractor inserted into an extraction hole according to an exemplary embodiment;

[0018] Figure 4DA more detailed illustration is shown according to an exemplary embodiment. Figure 4C A portion of the view shown;

[0019] Figure 4E A partial cross-sectional view is shown, taken along a line substantially perpendicular to the axis, in the region where the mating surface of the side cutting edge penetrates into the sidewall of the extraction hole, according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0020] Figure 5 This is a perspective view of a set of bolt extractors with different designs according to an exemplary embodiment;

[0021] Figure 6A This is a side view of the engagement end of a bolt extractor according to an exemplary embodiment;

[0022] Figure 6B This is a top view of the engagement end of a bolt extractor according to an exemplary embodiment;

[0023] Figure 6C This is a perspective view of the engagement end of a bolt extractor according to an exemplary embodiment. Detailed Implementation

[0024] Several exemplary embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate some, but not all, exemplary embodiments. In fact, the examples described and depicted herein should not be construed as limiting the scope, applicability, or configuration of this disclosure. Rather, these exemplary embodiments are provided to enable this disclosure to meet applicable legal requirements. The same reference numerals throughout refer to the same elements. Furthermore, as used herein, the term “or” should be interpreted as a logical operator that results in a true value whenever one or more of its operations are true. As used herein, an operable connection should be understood to relate to a direct or indirect connection that, in either case, enables the functional interconnection of components operably connected to each other.

[0025] As described above, some exemplary embodiments may relate to providing improved bolt extractors. In this regard, a threaded fastener removal device (e.g., a bolt extractor) of an exemplary embodiment may include a side cutting edge that engages with an end cutting edge. The end cutting edge may be an engagement region located at the distal end of the bolt extractor to engage the bottom of a drilled hole formed in the threaded fastener. Furthermore, the end cutting edge may be tapered to form a tip that can serve as a punch to define a starting position for drilling a hole in the threaded fastener. In this regard, if the head has a detached hole, the hole itself may be formed along the axis of the threaded fastener and may form a guide for the drill bit during drilling, enabling the use of the bolt extractor. However, if the head is completely disconnected, if the head engages along the outer periphery (and therefore there is no axially positioned hole), or if the damage is too severe, a good starting position for drilling may not be possible. If the drill bit eventually slips into or drills outside the axis of the threaded fastener, extraction may become more complicated or impossible. Therefore, exemplary embodiments may facilitate the use of the tip of the end cutting edge as a punch to define the starting position of the drill bit along the axis of the threaded fastener.

[0026] Therefore, the exemplary embodiments not only provide improved working torque for removing threaded fasteners (i.e., due to the additional engagement of the end cutting edges), but also enhance the ability to efficiently drill holes in threaded fasteners in the first place. Some structures that can be employed in the exemplary embodiments will be described below by way of example rather than limitation.

[0027] Figure 1 A perspective view of an extractor assembly 100 according to an exemplary embodiment is shown. The extractor assembly 100 includes a plurality of extractors 110, each having different dimensions but sharing the same structural components in other respects. The different dimensions may be associated with different dimensions of fasteners available for each extractor 110. In some cases, for example, a hexagonal head bolt of a specific size may have a corresponding extractor in its associated extractor 110. While other relationships are also possible, in one example, a bolt with a nominal 1 / 4-inch hexagonal head may have an associated extractor with a diameter of approximately 3 / 16 inch. A bolt with a nominal 5 / 16-inch hexagonal head may have an associated extractor with a diameter of approximately 1 / 4 inch. A bolt with a nominal 7 / 16-inch hexagonal head may have an associated extractor with a diameter of approximately 11 / 32 inch. A bolt with a nominal 5 / 8-inch hexagonal head may have an associated extractor with a diameter of approximately 17 / 32 inch. Bolts with a nominal 3 / 4-inch hexagonal head may have an associated extractor with a diameter of approximately 2 1 / 32 inches.

[0028] Since all extractors 110 have the same structure, for clarity, Figure 1Only components of one extractor in extractor 110 are labeled. Each extractor 110 may have a drive end 120 and a engagement end 130. The drive end 120 may be configured to connect to an electric drive, and the engagement end 130 may be configured to connect to a bolt, screw, or other threaded fastener. The drive end 120 may include a drive body, which may include a hexagonal head 124 and a shaft 126 coaxial with each other.

[0029] The engagement end 130 may include a side cutting edge 140 extending along the side edge of the engagement end 130. The side cutting edge 140 may taper as it extends toward the distal end of the extractor 110 (relative to the hexagonal head 124). In one exemplary embodiment, this taper may occur at an angle of approximately 8.5 degrees (relative to the axis 145 of the extractor 110). However, it should be understood that other angles are also possible. In some examples, the taper of the side cutting edge 140 may be formed in the range of approximately 5 degrees to approximately 12.5 degrees.

[0030] The engaging end 130 may also include an end cutting edge 150 located at the distal end of the extractor 110. The end cutting edge 150 is also tapered, but at a much larger angle. In this respect, for example, the end cutting edge 150 may tapere at an angle of approximately 135 degrees relative to the axis 145 of the extractor 110. However, it should be understood that other angles are also possible. In some examples, the tapering of the end cutting edge 150 may be formed in the range between approximately 120 degrees and approximately 150 degrees. Figure 1 As shown, the end cutting edge 150 can taper to a center point 160, which can be formed at the apex of the end cutting edge 150 or at the axis 145 of the extractor 110.

[0031] Figure 2 (i.e.) Figure 2A , Figure 2B and Figure 2CFIG2 shows a close-up view of the end cutting edge 150 and the side cutting edge 140 of an exemplary embodiment. In this respect, as shown in FIG2, the side cutting edge 140 may form grooves along its length. In one exemplary embodiment, the grooves may be formed by concave surfaces 142 that are attached to each other along the respective adjacent sides of the grooves. The points where the concave surfaces 142 meet each other form side biting ridges 144 that extend along the length of the engaging end 130. The example of FIG2 is typically hexagonal (i.e., with six concave surfaces 142). Having six concave surfaces 142 also means having six side biting ridges 144. However, more or fewer surfaces may be used in other examples. Furthermore, although the side cutting edge 140 in this example is concave rather than planar in shape, in some examples, one or more planar surfaces may replace the concave surfaces 142. Therefore, for example, the concave surface 142 can be replaced by a flat surface (or plane), or each concave surface 142 can be formed by two planes that are inclined inward in a direction away from the side bite 144 (forming a star shape). Other shapes are also possible. That is, the concave surface 142 can increase the sharpness of the angle formed at the side bite 144 to increase the ability of the side bite 144 to penetrate into the hole formed in the fastener.

[0032] As shown in Figure 2, each side bite ridge 144 terminates before the remainder of the concave surface 142. Starting from the point where the side bite ridge 144 terminates, the concave surface 142 tapers to point 146. An end cutting edge 150 is then formed between the termination point of the side bite ridge 144 and point 146 and center point 160 of the concave surface 142. In this respect, the end cutting edge 150 is defined by a generally triangular end face 170. Each end face 170 is defined by a first edge extending from center point 160 to the end of the side bite ridge 144, a second edge extending from center point 160 to point 146 of the concave surface 142, and a third edge extending from point 146 of the concave surface 142 to the end of the side bite ridge 144. The second edge can be defined as the end bite ridge 172. In this example, each end face 170 is planar, but other shapes are possible.

[0033] Figure 3 (i.e.) Figure 3A and Figure 3B This shows how to prepare threaded fastener 300 for use. Figure 1 And one of the extractors 110 in Figure 2 to remove the threaded fastener 300. Figure 4 (i.e. Figure 4A , Figure 4B , Figure 4C , Figure 4D and Figure 4EThe diagram specifically illustrates how the extractor 110 interacts with the threaded fastener 300. Referring now to Figures 3 and 4, the threaded fastener may include a head 310 and a threaded portion 320, the head of which may be damaged or detached, and the threaded portion which may be screwed into the medium. In this example, the head 310 may be a hexagonal head (detached). However, the exemplary embodiment can also be practiced with other fasteners with different head shapes, and even by directly drilling into the threaded portion 320 of a fastener with the entire head 310 disconnected.

[0034] As described above, it may be difficult to ensure that the drilling operation of the extraction hole 330 is performed along the axis 340 of the threaded fastener. To facilitate the proper initiation of the drilling operation, the extractor 110 can be aligned with the center and axis 340 of the head 310 (or threaded portion 320) before being struck by the hammer 350. The center point 160 can then imprint a recess 360 on the surface of the head 310. The drill bit 370 can be positioned in the recess 360 so that the drill bit 370 is aligned along the axis 340, and the extraction hole 330 can then be formed to extend along the axis 340 and into the head 310 (and / or threaded portion 320).

[0035] Figure 4A A cross-sectional view of the head 310 is shown to illustrate the extraction hole 330 in more detail. In this respect, in many cases, the end of the drill bit 370 is tapered, which may result in a tapered bottom wall 400 forming at the distal end or bottom of the sidewall 410 of the extraction hole 330. In some cases, the tapered bottom wall 400 may have a side surface forming an angle of approximately 118 degrees relative to the axis 340. Meanwhile, Figure 4B A cross-sectional view of a portion of the engagement end 130 of the extractor 110 is shown. Therefore, Figure 4B The cross-sectional view shows the contours 420 of the side cutting edge 140 and the end cutting edge 150. The center point 160 is also visible and remains aligned with the axis 340 when the engaging end 130 is inserted into the extraction hole 330, as shown. Figure 4C As shown.

[0036] For reference Figure 4C The impact of the hammer 350 on the extractor 110 can cause portions of the side cutting edge 140 (i.e., side bite 144) and the end cutting edge 150 (i.e., end bite 172) to penetrate into portions of the sidewall and bottom of the extraction hole 330. Figure 4DThe diagram more clearly illustrates how a portion of the end cutting edge 150 (i.e., end bite 172) penetrates into a portion of the bottom of the extraction hole 330. In this example, penetration can occur over an area of ​​approximately 0.2 mm by approximately 1.7 mm. In this respect, the end cutting edge 150 can penetrate to a depth of approximately 0.2 mm beyond approximately 1.7 mm into the bottom of the extraction hole 330. The side cutting edge 140 (i.e., side bite 144) can also penetrate into the sidewall 410 of the extraction hole 330, as... Figure 4E As shown.

[0037] While the side cutting edge 140 penetrates into the sidewall 410 of the extraction hole 330 to provide engagement between the extractor 110 and the threaded fastener 300, through which torque can be applied to remove the threaded fastener 300 (regardless of how the threaded fastener 300 is screwed in), the end cutting edge 150 penetrates to the bottom of the extraction hole (e.g., at the tapered bottom wall 400), providing more engagement points and thus more potential torque transfer capability. In this regard, for example, a typical extractor with N sides can form N side ridges at the intersections of these sides to provide N engagement areas where torque transfer can occur. Meanwhile, exemplary embodiments can provide at least N+1 engagement areas (and in this exemplary configuration, 2xN engagement areas) where torque transfer from the extractor 110 to the threaded fastener 300 can occur for a given N sides. Compared to conventional designs, the additional engagement areas enable the application of more torque to the threaded fastener 300 and further increase the chance of successful extraction.

[0038] Furthermore, although all engagement areas created by the side cutting edge 140 occur at a first radial distance from axis 340 and at a first axial position (or depth) along axis 340, the engagement area created by the end cutting edge 150 occurs at a second radial distance from axis 340, which is smaller than the first radial distance, and at a second axial position (or depth) different from the first axial position (and deeper into the extraction hole 330). Therefore, the extractor 110 transmits torque at its distal end and along its circumference, which significantly increases the amount and distribution of torque transmission.

[0039] Those skilled in the art can readily understand the effectiveness of the improvements resulting from the above structural modifications. However, as stated above, the specific structure can be modified while still achieving the same enhancements. Figure 5 A perspective view of an extractor assembly 500 comprising multiple extractors 510 of different sizes is shown, the extractors having slightly different structures for the side cutting edges and end cutting edges. Figure 6 (i.e., Figure 6A , Figure 6B and Figure 6C(This shows a more detailed view of the structure of one of the extractors 510.) Figure 5 The conventional components of the extractor 510 can be similar to Figure 1 The components of extractor 110 are shown in Figure 4. However, the side cutting edge 530 of extractor 510 may differ from those of other extractors. Figure 1 To the side cutting edge 140 of the extractor 110 in Figure 4.

[0040] In this respect, the side cutting edge 530 of the extractor 510 in FIG. 6 is not formed by a plurality of concave surfaces adjacent to each other (as shown by concave surface 142 in FIG. 2), but is formed by alternating planes 532 and concave surfaces 534. The side edge of each concave surface 534 is connected to the adjacent plane 532 at a side ridge 536. The extractor 510 also has a total of eight side surfaces (i.e., four planes 532 and four concave surfaces 534). Meanwhile, the end cutting edge 540 of the extractor 510 is otherwise similar to that described above with reference to the end cutting edge 150 in FIG. 2. In this respect, the end ridge 572 is formed at the apex of the adjacent end face 570 intersecting at the center point 560. The operation of the extractor 510 is similar to that of the extractor 110 described above, except that there are eight side ridges 536 instead of six side ridges 144, eight end faces 570 instead of twelve end faces 170, and four end ridges 572 instead of six end ridges 172.

[0041] Therefore, although extractor 110 has a engagement area greater than 2xN (where N=6) on N sides, extractor 510 has an engagement area of ​​N+1 / 2N (where N=8). Both extractor 110 and extractor 510 have at least N+1 engagement areas on which torque transmission from extractor 110 / 510 to threaded fastener 300 can occur.

[0042] Therefore, bolt extractors or other threaded fastener extractors, as exemplified in the embodiments, can be provided. The threaded fastener extractor may include a drive end and an engagement end, the drive end being configured to connect to an electric actuator, wherein the drive end has a shaft, and the engagement end is operatively coupled to the drive end, being coaxial with the drive end about an axis. The engagement end may be configured to engage an extraction hole formed in the threaded fastener. The engagement end may include a side cutting edge disposed on a side of the engagement end and an end cutting edge disposed at a distal end of the engagement end. The side cutting edge and the end cutting edge each provide an engagement area for transmitting torque between the extractor and the threaded fastener.

[0043] In some embodiments, the extractor may include additional, optional features, and / or the features described above may be modified or added. Examples of some modified, optional, and added features are described below. It should be understood that modified, optional, and added features may be added individually, or they may be added cumulatively in any desired combination. In one exemplary embodiment, the side cutting edge may include N faces, and the number of engagement regions may be at least N+1. In one exemplary embodiment, the number of engagement regions may be 2xN. However, in other embodiments, the number of engagement regions may be N+1 / 2N. In one exemplary embodiment, the side cutting edge may taper distally relative to the axis at an angle ranging from about 5 degrees to about 12.5 degrees. In some cases, the side cutting edge may include multiple surfaces that intersect each other at the side edges of the side cutting edge to form a side bite ridge. In one exemplary embodiment, a portion of the side bite ridge may be driven into the extraction hole to penetrate the sidewall of the extraction hole. In some cases, each surface is concave. However, alternatively, the surfaces may include concave surfaces separated from each other by planes. In some cases, the end-cutting edge may taper to a center point relative to the axis at an angle ranging from about 120 degrees to about 150 degrees. In one exemplary embodiment, when the center point is aligned with the axis, the center point may be configured to mark an indentation in response to an impact of the center point to guide drilling a pull-out hole in the threaded fastener. In some cases, the end-cutting edge may include a plurality of flat end faces, each of which intersects an adjacent end face at an end bite ridge. The end bite ridge may define an angle relative to the axis. In one exemplary embodiment, the drive end may further include a hexagonal head operably coupled to a shaft. In some cases, the number of end-cutting edges may be equal to the number of side-cutting edges. In one exemplary embodiment, the number of end-cutting edges may be less than the number of side-cutting edges. In some cases, the number of end-cutting edges may be half the number of side-cutting edges.

[0044] Many modifications and other embodiments of the invention set forth herein will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the teachings given in the foregoing description and the accompanying drawings. Therefore, it should be understood that the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed, and that modifications and other embodiments are intended to be included within the scope of the appended claims. Furthermore, although exemplary embodiments have been described in the foregoing description and associated drawings with respect to certain exemplary combinations of elements and / or functions, it should be understood that alternative embodiments may provide different combinations of elements and / or functions without departing from the scope of the appended claims. In this regard, for example, different combinations of elements and / or functions explicitly described above are also contemplated, as set forth in some of the appended claims. Where advantages, benefits, or solutions to problems are described herein, it should be understood that such advantages, benefits, and / or solutions may apply to some exemplary embodiments but not necessarily to all exemplary embodiments. Therefore, any advantages, benefits, or solutions described herein should not be considered critical, required, or necessary for all embodiments or the embodiments claimed herein. Although specific terms are used herein, they are used only in a general and descriptive sense and not for limiting purposes.

Claims

1. A threaded fastener extractor, comprising: A drive end, configured to be connected to an electric actuator, the drive end having a shaft; and A mating end, which is operably and coaxially connected to the drive end via the shaft about an axis, the mating end being configured to engage an extraction hole formed in a threaded fastener; The joining end includes a side cutting edge disposed on the side of the joining end and an end cutting edge disposed at the distal end of the joining end. The end cutting edge includes multiple flat end faces, each of which meets an adjacent flat end face at an end bite ridge, and each end bite ridge is linear and intersects at a central endpoint located on the axis. The side cutting edge includes a plurality of side bite ridges, wherein each side bite ridge is linear and radially offset from the end bite ridge relative to the axis; The side cutting edge and the end cutting edge each provide an engagement area for torque transmission between the extractor and the threaded fastener.

2. The extractor according to claim 1, wherein, The side cutting edge includes N faces, and The number of the joining regions is at least N+1.

3. The extractor according to claim 2, wherein, The number of the joint regions is 2xN.

4. The extractor according to claim 2, wherein, The number of the joint regions is N+1 / 2N.

5. The extractor according to claim 1, wherein, The side cutting edge tapers toward the distal end at an angle between 5 and 12.5 degrees relative to the axis.

6. The extractor according to claim 5, wherein, The side cutting edge includes a plurality of side surfaces that intersect each other at the side edges of the side cutting edge to form the side bite ridge.

7. The extractor according to claim 6, wherein, A portion of the side bite ridge is driven into the extraction hole to penetrate the sidewall of the extraction hole.

8. The extractor according to claim 6, wherein, Each of the aforementioned side surfaces is concave.

9. The extractor according to claim 1, wherein, The end cutting edge tapers toward the center point relative to the axis at an angle between 120 and 150 degrees.

10. The extractor according to claim 9, wherein, When the center point is aligned with the axis, the center point is configured to mark an indentation in response to an impact to guide drilling the extraction hole in the threaded fastener.

11. The extractor according to claim 1, wherein, The drive end also includes a hexagonal head that is operably connected to the shaft.

12. The extractor according to claim 1, wherein, The number of end cutting edges is equal to the number of side cutting edges.

13. The extractor according to claim 1, wherein, The number of end cutting edges is less than the number of side cutting edges.

14. The extractor according to claim 13, wherein, The number of end cutting edges is half the number of side cutting edges.

15. The extractor according to claim 1, wherein, The side cutting edge is radially offset relative to the end cutting edge, such that a plane passing through the two opposing end cutting edges and the axis intersects only at the axis with the linear extension of the side cutting edge.

16. The extractor according to claim 1, wherein, Each of the end cutting edges is coplanar with the axis, and each of the side cutting edges is coplanar with the axis.

17. A threaded fastener extractor, comprising: A drive end, configured to be connected to an electric actuator, the drive end having a shaft; and A mating end, which is operably and coaxially connected to the drive end via the shaft about an axis, the mating end being configured to engage an extraction hole formed in a threaded fastener; The joint end includes a first set of joint areas for transmitting torque between the extractor and the extraction orifice at a first radial distance from the axis and at a first axial position along the joint end. The engagement end includes a second set of engagement regions for transmitting torque between the extractor and the threaded fastener at a second radial distance from the axis and at a second axial position along the engagement end; The first set of engagement regions includes linear end ridges that intersect at the central endpoint located on the axis; The second set of engagement regions includes linear side bite ridges, each linear side bite ridge being radially offset relative to the axis from each of the linear end bite ridges, and Wherein, the second radial distance is less than the first radial distance, and the second axial position is closer to the distal end of the extractor than the first axial position.

18. The extractor according to claim 17, wherein, The first set of engagement regions tapers toward the distal end at an angle between 5 and 12.5 degrees relative to the axis.

19. The extractor according to claim 17, wherein, The second set of joint areas tapers toward the center point relative to the axis at an angle between 120 and 150 degrees.

20. The extractor according to claim 17, wherein, The first set of mating areas includes a side cutting edge disposed on the side of the mating end, and The second set of joint areas includes an end cutting edge disposed at the distal end of the joint end.

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