CNC, easy cutting high-strength aluminum material and its preparation method

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of CNC, easily cutting high-strength aluminum material and its preparation method, including the following steps: preparation cast ingot;The cast ingot is treated by homogenization, and alloy matrix is obtained;The alloy matrix is treated by extrusion and aging treatment, and first aluminum alloy is obtained;The first aluminum alloy is treated by drawing, and finished product is obtained;The raw material of the cast ingot includes the following components according to mass percentage: Mg 0.1wt%~3.0wt%, Si 0.05wt%~1.0wt%, Cu 0.1wt%~3.0wt%, Mn 0.01wt%~0.8wt%, Cr0.01wt%~0.5wt%, Ti≤0.02wt%, Fe 0~0.7wt% and Zn 0~6.5wt%, Pb+S+Bi+Sn=0.05~0.4wt%, the content of single impurity element≤0.02%, total impurity≤0.1%, and the balance is Al.The aluminum material prepared by the application has high mechanical properties, good cutting property, and meets the requirements of high-speed cutting of CNC numerical control machining.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of conductive bending parts, in particular to a CNC (Computer Numerical Control) easy-cutting high-strength aluminum material and a preparation method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] Wrought aluminum alloys are widely used in aerospace, rail transportation, automobiles and civil fields due to their high specific strength, high toughness, good processability and excellent corrosion resistance. The aluminum materials are often used after casting, heat treatment, extrusion / rolling and subsequent heat treatment. When the mechanical properties of the formed aluminum materials do not meet the product requirements, only off-line quenching and aging treatment can be selected, which greatly increases the production cost and waste.

[0003] CNC is a numerical control machining, and the aluminum material has a large market demand and wide application. However, the material has high requirements for cutting property and strength, and the commonly used grades are 6063, 6061 and 7075. However, the conventional process is difficult to meet the requirements of high-speed cutting, which limits the improvement of machining efficiency to some extent. SUMMARY

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present application is to provide a preparation method of a CNC (Computer Numerical Control) easy-cutting high-strength aluminum material, which has high mechanical properties and good cutting property, and meets the requirements of high-speed cutting of CNC numerical control machining.

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present application is to provide a preparation method of a CNC (Computer Numerical Control) easy-cutting high-strength aluminum material, which has high mechanical properties and good cutting property, and meets the requirements of high-speed cutting of CNC numerical control machining.

[0006] In order to solve the above problems, the present application provides a preparation method of a CNC (Computer Numerical Control) easy-cutting high-strength aluminum material, which comprises the following steps:

[0007] Preparing an ingot;

[0008] Homogenizing the ingot to obtain an alloy matrix;

[0009] Extruding and aging the alloy matrix to obtain a first aluminum alloy;

[0010] Stretching the first aluminum alloy to obtain a finished product;

[0011] The raw material of the ingot comprises the following components in percentage by mass: Mg 0.1wt%-3.0wt%, Si 0.05wt%-1.0wt%, Cu 0.1wt%-3.0wt%, Mn 0.01wt%-0.8wt%, Cr 0.01wt%-0.5wt%, Ti≤0.02wt%, Fe 0-0.7wt%, and Zn 0-6.5wt%, Pb+S+Bi+Sn=0.05-0.4wt%, the content of single impurity element≤0.02%, the total amount of impurities≤0.1%, and the balance being Al.

[0012] Preferably, the raw material of the ingot comprises the following components in percentage by mass: Mg 0.5wt%-2.5wt%, Si 0.1wt%-0.7wt%, Cu 0.1wt%-1.5wt%, Mn 0.01wt%-0.2wt%, Cr 0.01wt%-0.25wt%, Ti≤0.015wt%, Fe 0-0.2wt%, and Zn 0.01-6wt%, Pb+S+Bi+Sn=0.1-0.3wt%, the content of single impurity element≤0.02%, the total amount of impurities≤0.1%, and the balance being Al.

[0013] In an embodiment, the homogenization treatment comprises:

[0014] The ingot is heated to 400-530°C within 2-6h, and then is kept for 1-10h;

[0015] Then the furnace is heated to 460-575°C, and then is kept for 3-10h;

[0016] Finally, it is cooled to ≤200°C within 1-8h to obtain an alloy matrix.

[0017] In an embodiment, the temperature of the extruded rod in the extrusion treatment is 400-550°C, the extrusion speed is 1-20m / min, and the temperature of the outlet of the extruder is 450-550°C.

[0018] In an embodiment, the treatment temperature of the aging treatment is 100-195°C, and the keeping time is 4-24h.

[0019] In an embodiment, the stretching amount of the stretching treatment is 0.5-5%.

[0020] In an embodiment, the preparation method further comprises testing the mechanical properties and cutting properties of the first aluminum alloy, and then performing quantitative stretching treatment on the first aluminum alloy to obtain a finished product.

[0021] To solve the above problems, the application further provides the CNC, easy cutting high-strength aluminum material, which is manufactured by the preparation method of the CNC, easy cutting high-strength aluminum material.

[0022] And the application of the CNC, easy cutting high-strength aluminum material in CNC processing aluminum material.

[0023] The application has the following beneficial effects:

[0024] The application provides the CNC, easy cutting high-strength aluminum material, which is manufactured by the preparation method of the CNC, easy cutting high-strength aluminum material. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 It is the flow chart of the preparation method of the conductive bending piece. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the application clearer, the application will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings.

[0027] The application provides the CNC, easy cutting high-strength aluminum material, which is manufactured by the preparation method of the CNC, easy cutting high-strength aluminum material. Figure 1 As shown in the figure, the method comprises the following steps:

[0028] S1, preparing a ingot;

[0029] The raw material of the ingot comprises the following components according to the mass percentage: Mg 0.1wt%-3.0wt%, Si 0.05wt%-1.0wt%, Cu 0.1wt%-3.0wt%, Mn 0.01wt%-0.8wt%, Cr 0.01wt%-0.5wt%, Ti≤0.02wt%, Fe 0-0.7wt% and Zn 0-6.5wt%, Pb+S+Bi+Sn=0.05-0.4wt%, the content of single impurity element≤0.02%, the total amount of impurities≤0.1%, and the balance is Al.

[0030] The application provides a wrought aluminum alloy. The content of magnesium and silicon in the ingot raw material is small, which is beneficial to improve the weldability and easy cutting. In order to increase the mechanical strength of the finished product, a small amount of manganese is added, which can make Mg5Al8 compound uniformly precipitate, improve the corrosion resistance and welding performance, and improve the mechanical strength. In addition, a small amount of copper element is added, which has a certain solid solution strengthening effect, and in addition, the CuAl2 aged and separated has obvious aging strengthening effect. Adding a specific content of manganese element to the system is beneficial to improve the elongation of the finished product, is beneficial to the subsequent stretching treatment, and the manganese element and the aluminum element form MnAl6 to dissolve impurity iron, reduce the harmful effect of iron. Adding a specific content of zinc element can form a strengthening phase with magnesium element, which has obvious strengthening effect on the alloy. In addition, adding a certain amount of iron can improve the forging performance, but too high iron content will produce brittleness of the finished product. Adding a certain amount of titanium element can play a role in refining the aluminum alloy organization. Adding a certain amount of chromium element can have a certain strengthening effect on the alloy, and can also improve the toughness of the alloy. Finally, the application also adds a specific amount of Pb, S, Bi and Sn in the formula, in which lead can significantly improve the cutting performance of the aluminum alloy. Adding lead can improve the cutting surface quality, reduce the cutting force and wear, and reduce the chip fixation in processing. Sulfur and lead are used in combination, which can improve the cutting performance of the aluminum alloy. Sulfur helps to reduce cutting force and wear while forming sulfide. The addition of bismuth can improve the cutting performance of the aluminum alloy, reduce the cutting force and chip fixation. The existence of tin can improve the cutting performance of the aluminum alloy, especially in the case of high-speed cutting. Under the comprehensive cooperation of the above specific formula, it is beneficial to cooperate with the subsequent preparation process to prepare a wrought aluminum alloy with high mechanical properties, good cutting performance, and high-speed cutting requirements suitable for CNC numerical control machining. Preferably, the raw material of the ingot comprises the following components in percentage by mass: Mg 0.5wt%-2.5wt%, Si 0.1wt%-0.7wt%, Cu 0.1wt%-1.5wt%, Mn 0.01wt%-0.2wt%, Cr 0.01wt%-0.25wt%, Ti≤0.015wt%, Fe 0-0.2wt%, and Zn 0.01-6wt%, Pb+S+Bi+Sn=0.1-0.3wt%, the content of single impurity element≤0.02%, the total amount of impurities≤0.1%, and the balance is Al.

[0031] S2, uniformly treating the ingot to obtain an alloy matrix;

[0032] In one embodiment, the uniform treatment comprises:

[0033] The ingot is heated to 400-530 DEG C within 2-6 hours, and then is kept for 1-10 hours.

[0034] then the furnace temperature is raised to 460℃-575℃, and then held for 3-10 hours;

[0035] Finally, the alloy substrate is cooled to ≤200℃ in 1-8 hours.

[0036] Under the above process conditions, the distribution of each element in the ingot raw material is more uniform, the internal stress is reduced, and the strength and hardness of the finished product are improved. Moreover, it is beneficial to improve the toughness and ductility of the finished product, making it suitable for subsequent processing, especially the stretching process, thereby facilitating the improvement of the machinability of the finished product.

[0037] S3, performing extrusion treatment and aging treatment on the alloy substrate to obtain a first aluminum alloy;

[0038] In an embodiment, the temperature of the extruded rod in the extrusion treatment is 400℃-550℃, the extrusion speed is 1-20 meters per minute, and the temperature of the outlet of the extruder is 450℃-550℃. Under the above extrusion process, the first aluminum alloy obtained is firmly combined, improving the strength and hardness of the finished product and making it have better contact performance.

[0039] In an embodiment, the treatment temperature of the aging treatment is 100℃-195℃, and the holding time is 4-24 hours. Under the above aging process, the precipitated phase in the material reaches a particle state, thereby improving the strength of the material. Moreover, the grain size of the aluminum alloy becomes uniform, the plasticity of the aluminum alloy is improved, the subsequent stretching treatment is facilitated, and the machinability of the finished product is improved.

[0040] S4, performing stretching treatment on the first aluminum alloy to obtain a finished product;

[0041] In an embodiment, the stretching amount of the stretching treatment is 0.5-5%. If the stretching amount is too large, the dislocation density in the aluminum alloy will be too high, thereby making the material tend to become brittle and prone to breakage. Moreover, it can cause uneven deformation of the material, resulting in problems such as buckling and twisting, and reducing the strength and hardness of the material. If the stretching amount is too small, the strength and hardness of the aluminum alloy will be insufficient, and the mechanical properties of the material will be unstable, prone to plastic deformation and failure under stress. Preferably, the stretching amount of the stretching treatment is 1-3%, and the number of stretching times is 2-5 times.

[0042] In the prior art, the conventional role of the stretching treatment is to accurately control the shape and size of the aluminum material, and can also eliminate the residual internal stress after heat treatment, and further improve the strength and hardness of the finished product. In the present application, the inventors find that by multiple stretching treatments with specific stretching amounts, not only the yield ratio and mechanical properties can be improved, but also better machinability can be obtained without changing the oxidation effect, greatly improving the cutting efficiency, so as to obtain a deformed aluminum alloy with high mechanical properties, good machinability and suitable for the requirements of high-speed cutting of CNC numerical control machining.

[0043] In one embodiment, the preparation method further comprises testing the mechanical properties and cutting properties of the first aluminum alloy, and then performing quantitative stretching treatment on the first aluminum alloy to obtain a finished product.

[0044] Correspondingly, the present application also provides a CNC, easy-to-cut high-strength aluminum material, which is manufactured by the above-mentioned preparation method of the CNC, easy-to-cut high-strength aluminum material. In addition, the CNC, easy-to-cut high-strength aluminum material is applied to CNC machining of aluminum materials.

[0045] The present application is further illustrated by specific examples below.

[0046] Example 1

[0047] The present embodiment provides a preparation method of a CNC, easy-to-cut high-strength aluminum material, which comprises the following steps:

[0048] S1, preparing an ingot;

[0049] The raw material of the ingot comprises the following components in terms of mass percentage: Mg 0.5wt%, Si 0.38wt%, Cu 0.12wt%, Mn 0.02wt%, Cr 0.01wt%, Ti 0.008wt%, Fe 0.06wt% and Zn 0.01wt%, Pb+S+Bi+Sn=0.2wt%, the content of single impurity element ≤0.02%, the total amount of impurities ≤0.1%, and the balance is Al.

[0050] S2, uniformly treating the ingot to obtain an alloy matrix;

[0051] Specifically, the ingot is heated to 520℃ within 3h, and the first stage of heat preservation is performed for 2h; then the furnace is heated to 565℃, and the second stage of heat preservation is performed for 8h; the ingot after heat preservation is cooled to ≤200℃ within 2h.

[0052] S3, performing extrusion treatment and aging treatment on the alloy matrix to obtain a first aluminum alloy;

[0053] Specifically, during the extrusion treatment, the temperature of the extrusion rod is 540 DEG C, the extrusion speed is 6-8 m / min, and the temperature of the outlet of the extrusion machine is 535-545 DEG C. The aging treatment temperature is 180 DEG C, and the holding time is 8 h.

[0054] S4, stretching the first aluminum alloy by 3%, to obtain a finished product.

[0055] Example 2

[0056] The embodiment provides a preparation method of a CNC easy-to-cut high-strength aluminum material, comprising the following steps:

[0057] S1, preparing a cast ingot;

[0058] The raw material of the cast ingot comprises the following components in percentage by mass: Mg 0.89wt%, Si 0.65wt%, Cu 0.2wt%, Mn 0.05wt%, Cr 0.01wt%, Ti 0.009wt%, Fe 0.06wt% and Zn 0.01wt%, Pb+S+Bi+Sn=0.1wt%, the content of single impurity element is less than or equal to 0.02%, the total amount of impurities is less than or equal to 0.1%, and the balance is Al.

[0059] S2, homogenizing the cast ingot to obtain an alloy matrix;

[0060] Specifically, the cast ingot is heated to 520 DEG C within 3 h, and first-stage holding is performed for 2 h; then the furnace is heated to 565 DEG C, and second-stage holding is performed for 8 h; and the cast ingot is cooled to less than or equal to 200 DEG C within 2 h after holding.

[0061] S3, performing extrusion treatment and aging treatment on the alloy matrix to obtain a first aluminum alloy;

[0062] Specifically, during the extrusion treatment, the temperature of the extrusion rod is 540 DEG C, the extrusion speed is 6-8 m / min, and the temperature of the outlet of the extrusion machine is 535-545 DEG C. The aging treatment temperature is 180 DEG C, and the holding time is 8 h.

[0063] S4, stretching the first aluminum alloy by 3%, to obtain a finished product.

[0064] Example 3

[0065] The embodiment provides a preparation method of a CNC easy-to-cut high-strength aluminum material, comprising the following steps:

[0066] S1, preparing a cast ingot;

[0067] The raw material of the ingot comprises the following components in percentage by mass: Mg 0.91wt%, Si 0.69wt%, Cu 0.75wt%, Mn 0.05wt%, Cr 0.01wt%, Ti 0.01wt%, Fe 0.06wt% and Zn 0.01wt%, Pb+S+Bi+Sn=0.05wt%, the content of single impurity element is ≤0.02%, the total amount of impurities is ≤0.1%, and the balance is Al.

[0068] S2, homogenizing the ingot to obtain an alloy matrix;

[0069] Specifically, the ingot is heated to 520 DEG C within 3h, and first-stage heat preservation is performed for 2h; then the furnace is heated to 565 DEG C, and second-stage heat preservation is performed for 8h; the ingot after heat preservation is cooled to ≤200 DEG C within 2h.

[0070] S3, performing extrusion treatment and aging treatment on the alloy matrix to obtain a first aluminum alloy;

[0071] Specifically, in the extrusion treatment, the temperature of the extrusion rod is 540 DEG C, the extrusion speed is 6-8m / min, and the temperature of the outlet of the extrusion machine is 535-545 DEG C. The aging treatment temperature is 180 DEG C, and the heat preservation time is 8h.

[0072] S4, performing tensile treatment on the first aluminum alloy, and the tensile amount is 3%, to obtain a finished product.

[0073] Example 4

[0074] The embodiment provides a preparation method of a CNC easy-to-cut high-strength aluminum material, comprising the following steps:

[0075] S1, preparing an ingot;

[0076] The raw material of the ingot comprises the following components in percentage by mass: Mg 2.31wt%, Si 0.05wt%, Cu 1.52wt%, Mn 0.11wt%, Cr 0.22wt%, Ti 0.01wt%, Fe 0.12wt% and Zn 5.75wt%, Pb+S+Bi+Sn=0.4wt%, the content of single impurity element is ≤0.02%, the total amount of impurities is ≤0.1%, and the balance is Al.

[0077] S2, homogenizing the ingot to obtain an alloy matrix;

[0078] Specifically, the ingot is heated to 420 DEG C within 3h, and first-stage heat preservation is performed for 2h; then the furnace is heated to 465 DEG C, and second-stage heat preservation is performed for 18h; the ingot after heat preservation is cooled to ≤200 DEG C within 2h.

[0079] S3, performing extrusion treatment and aging treatment on the alloy matrix to obtain a first aluminum alloy;

[0080] Specifically, during the extrusion treatment, the temperature of the extrusion rod is 450 DEG C, the extrusion speed is 1-2 m / min, and the temperature of the outlet of the extrusion machine is 450-475 DEG C. The aging treatment temperature is 120 DEG C, and the holding time is 24 h.

[0081] S4, performing tensile treatment on the first aluminum alloy with a tensile amount of 1.5% to obtain a finished product.

[0082] The aluminum materials prepared in Examples 1-4 are tested, and the mechanical properties and cutting properties are tested respectively, and especially the aluminum materials before and after the tensile treatment in the implementation step S4 of each example are compared. The test results are shown in Table 1.

[0083] Table 1: Performance test results of the aluminum materials prepared in Examples 1-4

[0084]

[0085] In summary, the present application provides a CNC, easy-to-cut high-strength aluminum material. By using specific raw material ratio and specific preparation process, and through multiple stretching, the yield ratio and mechanical properties are improved, the cutting property is good under the premise of not changing the oxidation effect, the cutting efficiency is greatly improved, and the requirements of high-speed cutting of CNC numerical control machining are met.

[0086] The above only discloses a preferred embodiment of the present application, and of course cannot limit the scope of the present application. Therefore, equivalent changes made according to the claims of the present application are still within the scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a free-machining high-strength aluminum material for CNC machining, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Prepare for casting ingots; The ingot is homogenized to obtain an alloy matrix; The alloy matrix is ​​subjected to extrusion and aging treatment to obtain a first aluminum alloy; The first aluminum alloy is subjected to a stretching treatment, wherein the stretching amount is 0.5-5% and the stretching number is 2-5 times to obtain the finished product; The raw materials for the ingot, by mass percentage, include the following components: Mg 0.1wt%~3.0wt%, Si 0.05wt%~1.0wt%, Cu 0.1wt%~3.0wt%, Mn 0.01wt%~0.8wt%, Cr 0.01wt%~0.5wt%, Ti≤0.02wt%, Fe 0~0.7wt%, and Zn 0~6.5wt%, Pb+S+Bi+Sn=0.05~0.4wt%, the content of a single impurity element ≤0.02%, the total amount of impurities ≤0.1%, and the balance being Al; The homogenization process includes: The ingot is heated to 400℃~530℃ within 2h~6h, and then held at that temperature for 1h~10h. Then raise the temperature in the furnace to 460℃~575℃, and then hold it for 3h~10h; Finally, the temperature is cooled to ≤200℃ within 1h to 8h to obtain the alloy matrix.

2. The method for preparing CNC-compatible, free-machining high-strength aluminum material as described in claim 1, wherein the raw materials of the ingot, by mass percentage, comprise the following components: Mg 0.5wt%~2.5wt%, Si 0.1wt%~0.7wt%, Cu 0.1wt%~1.5wt%, Mn 0.01wt%~0.2wt%, Cr 0.01wt%~0.25wt%, Ti≤0.015wt%, Fe 0~0.2wt%, and Zn 0.01~6wt%, Pb+S+Bi+Sn=0.1~0.3wt%, the content of a single impurity element ≤0.02%, the total amount of impurities ≤0.1%, and the balance being Al.

3. The method for preparing CNC-compatible, free-machining high-strength aluminum material as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The temperature of the extrusion bar in the extrusion process is 400℃~550℃, the extrusion speed is 1 m / min~20 m / min, and the outlet temperature of the extruder is 450℃~550℃.

4. The method for preparing CNC-compatible, free-machining high-strength aluminum material as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The aging treatment is carried out at a temperature of 100℃ to 195℃ and a holding time of 4 to 24 hours.

5. The method for preparing CNC-compatible, free-machining high-strength aluminum material as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation method also includes testing the mechanical and cutting properties of the first aluminum alloy, and then subjecting the first aluminum alloy to quantitative stretching treatment to obtain the finished product.

6. A free-machining, high-strength aluminum material for CNC machining, characterized in that, The CNC-use, free-cutting high-strength aluminum material is manufactured using the preparation method of the CNC-use, free-cutting high-strength aluminum material as described in any one of claims 1 to 5.

7. The application of the free-cutting high-strength aluminum material for CNC machining as described in claim 6 in CNC machining of aluminum materials.

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