Rock slope pressing type self-expanding ecological restoration structure and construction method

Abstract

The application discloses a rock slope pressing type self-expanding ecological restoration structure and a construction method, which comprises an anchor rod inserted into a funnel-shaped recess on the surface of a slope, the anchor rod penetrates through the side of a telescopic expansion framework, a water injection and stirring mechanism and a cement-based expansion mortar are arranged in the telescopic expansion framework, and a porous plastic filling layer, a soil filling layer and a waterproof blocking frame are sequentially arranged on the top of the telescopic expansion framework. The application can effectively support the funnel-shaped recess, provide sufficient water for plant growth, meet ecological protection requirements, avoid excavation of the slope, and has a simple construction mode and saves time and effort.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of slope ecological restoration technology, specifically to a self-expanding ecological restoration structure for rock slopes and its construction method. Background Technology

[0002] Construction activities disturb surface vegetation and original slopes, resulting in a large number of exposed rock slopes. The topsoil of these exposed rock slopes is stripped away, large areas of natural vegetation are destroyed, and the rock surface usually leads to rapid water loss, making it impossible for plants to grow on this slope. When carrying out ecological protection for such rock slopes, many irregular depressions formed by mountain damage are encountered, such as funnel-shaped depressions with narrow openings at the top and wide openings at the bottom. If the depressions are not repaired in time, they will aggravate the weathering and erosion of the rocks. Stress concentration in the depressions will cause the rock layers to crack and the cracks to expand, which may induce landslides and affect the stability of the slope.

[0003] When repairing funnel-shaped depressions on rock slopes, traditional frameworks cannot provide complete and effective support, and construction is quite difficult. Filling these funnel-shaped depressions on rock slopes often involves either complete filling with cement mortar or filling with vegetated soil. Complete filling with cement mortar is problematic because it consumes too much material, is costly and environmentally unfriendly, and the high density of cement mortar increases the load on the underlying slope, affecting slope stability due to secondary loading. Furthermore, complete filling with cement mortar does not solve the problem of damaged vegetation on rock slopes, preventing plant growth. Filling the depressions with vegetated soil is problematic in rock slopes with low rainfall or drought. Due to the poor permeability of rock slopes, water evaporates quickly from the rock surface, resulting in insufficient moisture for the soil in the depression filling area and low plant survival rates. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings and provide a pressing-type self-expanding ecological restoration structure and construction method for rock slopes, so as to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a self-expanding ecological restoration structure for rock slopes, comprising an anchor rod inserted into a funnel-shaped depression on the slope surface, the anchor rod passing through the side of a telescopic expansion frame, the telescopic expansion frame having a water injection and mixing mechanism and cement-based expansion mortar inside, and the top of the telescopic expansion frame having a porous plastic filling layer, a soil filling layer and a waterproof retaining frame in sequence.

[0006] Preferably, the funnel-shaped depression has a narrow opening at the top and a wide opening at the bottom.

[0007] Preferably, the anchor rod has an external thread at the top, a limiting hole for inserting a limiting pin is provided inside the anchor rod, and an anchoring end is provided at the bottom of the anchor rod.

[0008] Preferably, the telescopic expansion frame includes an upper frame and a lower frame, with an elastic rod connecting the side of the upper frame and the side of the lower frame, and vertical holes for inserting anchor rods are provided on the sides of both the upper frame and the lower frame.

[0009] Preferably, the outer surface of the elastic rod is covered with an elastic rubber film, the bottom of the upper frame is horizontally fixed with an upper cover plate, the bottom of the lower frame is horizontally fixed with a lower cover plate, and the area enclosed by the elastic rubber film, the upper cover plate and the lower cover plate is filled with cement-based expanding mortar.

[0010] Preferably, the water injection and stirring mechanism includes a stirring shaft and stirring blades fixedly disposed on the surface of the stirring shaft. The bottom of the stirring shaft is rotatably connected to the surface of the lower cover plate through a bearing, and the top of the stirring shaft is connected to a top seat fixedly disposed on the lower surface of the upper cover plate through a ball screw mechanism.

[0011] Preferably, the ball screw mechanism includes a screw, the top of which is fixedly connected to a top seat, and the bottom of which is threadedly engaged with a nut. The gap between the screw and the nut is filled with balls, and the stirring shaft is hollow inside and fixedly connected to the nut.

[0012] Preferably, a filter basket is also fixedly installed on the surface of the upper cover plate. The filter basket is a cylindrical cavity structure with filter holes on its surface and its top is connected to the bottom of the water inlet pipe; the top seat is fixedly connected to the bottom of the filter basket.

[0013] Preferably, the waterproof baffle includes an inlet baffle and an outlet baffle, with side baffles on both sides of the inlet baffle and the outlet baffle, and a water-passing frame inside the inlet baffle and the water-passing frame, with an inlet inside the water-passing frame that mates with the top of the inlet pipe. The inlet baffle, the outlet baffle, and the water-passing frame are all filled with filter mesh, and the side baffles have fixing holes on their surfaces that mate with anchor rods.

[0014] In addition, the present invention also discloses a construction method for the above-mentioned press-type self-expanding ecological restoration structure for rock slopes, which includes the following steps:

[0015] Step 1: Clean up the funnel-shaped depressions on the slope, measure the size of the funnel-shaped depressions, and prefabricate anchor bolts, telescopic expansion frames, water injection and mixing mechanisms, and waterproof retaining frames of corresponding sizes;

[0016] Step 2: Prepare the dry material of cement-based expanding mortar according to the size of the funnel-shaped depression, place it in the lower frame of the telescopic expansion frame, and seal it with an elastic rubber film.

[0017] Step 3: Pass the anchor rod through the telescopic expansion frame and place the telescopic expansion frame in the funnel-shaped depression;

[0018] Step 4: Embed the anchoring end of the anchor rod into the bottom rock layer of the funnel-shaped depression;

[0019] Step 5: Add a measured amount of water into the inlet pipe. The water flows downward into the area where the dry cement-based expansive mortar material is located in the lower skeleton and mixes with it. At the same time, press the upper skeleton. The upper and lower skeletons move closer to each other, causing the elastic rods to bend outward under pressure. At this time, the elastic rubber film is ruptured by the outward bending elastic rods, and the mixture of dry cement-based expansive mortar material and water enters the funnel-shaped depression inside the rock wall.

[0020] Step Six: Repeatedly lift and press the upper frame, causing the upper cover plate and top seat of the upper frame to move up and down continuously. This causes the ball screw mechanism to move up and down continuously within the nut. Since the nut is fixed in the hollow cavity inside the mixing shaft, the nut rotates, driving the mixing shaft to rotate forward and reverse continuously. This causes the mixing blades to rotate continuously, mixing the dry material of cement-based expansive mortar and the water mixture, making it evenly mixed. The cement-based expansive mortar gradually expands and fills the entire funnel-shaped depression.

[0021] Step 7: Press down on the upper frame to bring the upper and lower frames close together. At this time, the elastic rod is pressed and bends outward and fits against the inner surface of the funnel-shaped recess. Insert the limiting pin into the limiting hole inside the anchor rod to hold the top of the upper frame in place and prevent it from rebounding upward.

[0022] Step 8: Fill the upper skeleton with a porous plastic filling layer, which includes porous plastic and superabsorbent resin;

[0023] Step 9: Fill the porous plastic filling layer with a soil filling layer. The final height of the soil filling layer is lower than the top of the inlet pipe. The soil filling layer includes planting soil, organic matter, fertilizer and plant seeds.

[0024] Step 10: Place the waterproof retaining frame on the upper surface of the soil filling layer, ensuring that the top of the anchor rod protrudes through the fixing hole. After the water inlet is aligned with the top of the water inlet pipe, screw the nut onto the external thread surface of the top of the anchor rod. The entire construction is now complete.

[0025] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0026] 1. This invention can effectively support the funnel-shaped depression while providing sufficient water for plant growth, and also meets the requirements of ecological protection, avoiding the excavation of the slope. The construction method is simple and saves time and effort.

[0027] 2. The anchoring end of the anchor rod of the present invention is embedded in the rock slope. On the one hand, after the cement-based expansive mortar material is cured, the anchor rod, the telescopic expansion frame, and the rock slope work together to bear the force, resulting in good overall structural stability. On the other hand, after the limiting pin is inserted, there is sufficient support to prevent the elastic rod from rebounding and causing the upper frame to move upward, which facilitates the construction of the subsequent filling layer. Furthermore, the exposed threaded end of the anchor rod can be used to fix the waterproof retaining frame, enhancing the stability of the structure.

[0028] 2. This invention uses a telescopic expansion frame, which avoids the construction and excavation of rock slopes. It effectively reinforces the rock slopes while bearing stress before damaging them. In addition, this invention can be prefabricated in different specifications and sizes according to irregular depressions, so as to achieve effective support for various irregular depressions.

[0029] 3. In this invention, the bending of the elastic rod can fit closely to the concave surface, and the rebound force of the elastic rod reduces stress concentration at the concave area, thereby avoiding the cracking and expansion of the rock strata and providing more effective support for the concave area; in addition, the rebound force of the elastic rod provides part of the rebound force for the upward movement of the lead screw of the water injection and stirring mechanism, which facilitates the stirring process of the water injection and stirring mechanism.

[0030] 4. Compared with traditional filling and support materials, the telescopic expansion skeleton, elastic rods, and porous plastic filling layer in this invention are lighter. On the one hand, the load on the lower slope of the rock slope is reduced, which reduces the adverse effects of construction on the original rock slope while ensuring the repair of depressions. On the other hand, porous plastic has the advantages of being lightweight, having high porosity, being corrosion resistant, and having low cost. When water enters the porous plastic filling layer in the water inlet pipe, the superabsorbent resin absorbs water and expands, filling the pores of the porous plastic and storing a certain amount of water, which is beneficial to plant growth. This solves the problem of severe water loss in rock slopes and the inability to provide sufficient water for plant growth.

[0031] 5. This invention, through repeated lifting and pressing of the upper frame, causes the upper cover plate and top seat of the upper frame to move up and down continuously, thereby causing the ball screw mechanism to move up and down continuously within the nut. Since the nut is fixed in the hollow cavity inside the mixing shaft, and the bottom of the mixing shaft is rotatably connected to the surface of the lower cover plate through a bearing, the rotation of the nut drives the mixing shaft to continuously rotate forward and reverse, thereby causing the mixing blades to continuously rotate and mix the mixture of dry materials and water in cement-based expansive mortar. The above operation process is simple, and the forward and reverse mixing method can also make the mixing effect better. The whole process greatly shortens the construction time and reduces the input of human resources.

[0032] 6. The waterproof baffle frame in this invention can prevent water flowing down from the top of the slope during heavy rain from eroding the soil filling layer. At the same time, the waterproof baffle frame can also guide the water flow. The water can be guided into the water-passing frame through the inlet, then into the inlet pipe through the inlet, and then into the filter basket through the filter holes on the side of the filter basket to accumulate in the porous plastic filling layer. In the whole process, most of the water flow will not directly erode the soil filling layer, which can effectively prevent soil loss. At the same time, it can accumulate water so that under drought conditions, it can infiltrate upwards to supply the soil filling layer to meet the water needs of the plant seeds inside. Attached Figure Description

[0033] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a self-expanding ecological restoration structure for rock slopes after construction.

[0034] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the middle anchor bolt;

[0035] Figure 3 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the connection between the central anchor bolt and the telescopic expansion frame;

[0036] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure when the upper frame of the telescopic expansion frame is pressed into contact with the lower frame;

[0037] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the structure after installing a water injection and stirring mechanism inside the telescopic expansion frame;

[0038] Figure 6 for Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the water injection and mixing mechanism;

[0039] Figure 7 for Figure 1 A top view of the waterproof retaining frame. Detailed Implementation

[0040] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0041] like Figures 1 to 7 As shown, a self-expanding ecological restoration structure for rock slopes includes an anchor rod 3 inserted into a funnel-shaped depression 2 on the surface of the slope 1. The anchor rod 3 passes through the side of a telescopic expansion frame 4. The telescopic expansion frame 4 is equipped with a water injection and mixing mechanism 5 and a cement-based expansion mortar 6. The top of the telescopic expansion frame 4 is sequentially provided with a porous plastic filling layer 7, a soil filling layer 8, and a waterproof retaining frame 9.

[0042] Preferably, the funnel-shaped depression 2 is a depression structure with a narrow opening at the top and a wide opening at the bottom.

[0043] Preferably, the anchor rod 3 has an external thread 3.1 at its top, a limiting hole 3.2 for inserting a limiting pin 3.3 inside the anchor rod 3, and an anchoring end 3.4 at its bottom. This allows the anchoring end 3.4 at the bottom of the anchor rod 3 to be embedded in the bottom rock layer of the funnel-shaped depression 2, and the middle part of the anchor rod 3 to pass through the side of the telescopic expansion frame 4 for limiting and fixing. The external thread 3.1 at the top of the anchor rod 3 facilitates the installation of a nut to fix the waterproof retaining frame 9.

[0044] Preferably, the telescopic expansion frame 4 includes an upper frame 4.1 and a lower frame 4.2. An elastic rod 4.3 is connected between the side of the upper frame 4.1 and the side of the lower frame 4.2. Vertical holes for inserting anchor rods 3 are provided on the sides of both the upper frame 4.1 and the lower frame 4.2. In this embodiment, the elastic rod 4.3 is a PU rod, so that it will bend outward without breaking when compressed. PU rods have good properties such as chemical corrosion resistance, tensile strength, high elasticity, high pressure load resistance, high wear resistance, strong shock absorption, tear resistance, radiation resistance, high strength, high load-bearing capacity, and shock absorption. It can maintain high elasticity over a wide range of hardness.

[0045] Preferably, the outer surface of the elastic rod 4.3 is covered with an elastic rubber film 4.4, the bottom of the upper frame 4.1 is horizontally fixed with an upper cover plate 4.5, the bottom of the lower frame 4.2 is horizontally fixed with a lower cover plate 4.6, and cement-based expanding mortar 6 is provided inside the area enclosed by the elastic rubber film 4.4, the upper cover plate 4.5 and the lower cover plate 4.6.

[0046] Preferably, the water injection and stirring mechanism 5 includes a stirring shaft 5.1 and stirring blades 5.2 fixedly disposed on the surface of the stirring shaft 5.1. The bottom of the stirring shaft 5.1 is rotatably connected to the surface of the lower cover plate 4.6 through a bearing 5.7, and the top of the stirring shaft 5.1 is connected to a top seat 5.4 fixedly disposed on the lower surface of the upper cover plate 4.5 through a ball screw mechanism 5.3.

[0047] Preferably, the ball screw mechanism 5.3 includes a screw 5.3.1, the top of which is fixedly connected to the top seat 5.4, and the bottom of which is threadedly engaged with a nut 5.3.2. The gap between the screw 5.3.1 and the nut 5.3.2 is filled with balls, and the stirring shaft 5.1 is hollow inside and fixedly connected to the nut 5.3.2.

[0048] In the above technical solution, repeatedly lifting and pressing the upper frame 4.1 causes the upper cover plate 4.5 and top seat 5.4 of the upper frame 4.1 to move up and down continuously. This causes the ball screw mechanism 5.3.1 of the ball screw mechanism 5.3 to move up and down continuously within the nut 5.3.2. Since the nut 5.3.2 is fixed in the hollow cavity inside the stirring shaft 5.1, and the bottom of the stirring shaft 5.1 is rotatably connected to the surface of the lower cover plate 4.6 through the bearing 5.7, the nut 5.3.2 rotates, driving the stirring shaft 5.1 to continuously rotate forward and reverse. This causes the stirring blades 5.2 to rotate continuously, stirring the mixture of dry materials and water in the cement-based expansive mortar 6.

[0049] Preferably, a filter basket 5.5 is also fixedly installed on the surface of the upper cover plate 4.5. The filter basket 5.5 is a cylindrical cavity structure with filter holes on its surface, and its top is connected to the bottom of the water inlet pipe 5.6; the top seat 5.4 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the filter basket 5.5. In this embodiment, the filter basket 5.5 is nested on the surface of the upper cover plate 4.5, so that water can exit from both the side and the bottom of the filter basket 5.5. When water exits from the bottom (mainly the water required for the cement-based expansive mortar 6), the water flows into the area where the dry material of the cement-based expansive mortar 6 is located in the lower frame 4.2 for mixing and expansion. When water exits from the side (mainly rainwater flowing in during later operation), the water flows into the porous plastic filling layer 7 for water storage. In addition, the filter holes on the surface of the filter basket 5.5 can filter the water quality and prevent impurities from entering the cement-based expansive mortar 6 or the porous plastic filling layer 7.

[0050] Preferably, the waterproof baffle 9 includes an inlet baffle 9.1 and an outlet baffle 9.2. Side baffles 9.3 are provided on both sides of the inlet baffle 9.1 and the outlet baffle 9.2. A water-passing frame 9.4 is provided inside the inlet baffle 9.1 and the outlet baffle 9.2. A water inlet 9.5 is provided inside the water-passing frame 9.4. The water inlet 9.5 cooperates with the top of the water inlet pipe 5.6. The inlet baffle 9.1, the outlet baffle 9.2 and the water-passing frame 9.4 are all filled with filter mesh 9.6. The side baffle 9.3 has fixing holes 9.7 on its surface that cooperate with the anchor rod 3. In this embodiment, the waterproof baffle 9 can prevent water flowing down from the top of the slope during heavy rain from eroding the soil filling layer 8. At the same time, the waterproof baffle 9 can also guide the water flow. The water can be guided into the water-passing frame 9.4 through the water inlet 9.5, and then into the water inlet pipe 5.6 through the water inlet 9.5. Then, the water reaches the location of the filter basket 5.5 through the water inlet pipe 5.6, and then enters the porous plastic filling layer 7 through the filter holes on the side of the filter basket 5.5 for storage. During the whole process, most of the water flow will not directly erode the soil filling layer 8, which can effectively prevent soil loss. At the same time, it can store water so that under drought conditions, it can infiltrate upwards to supply the soil filling layer 8 to meet the water needs of the plant seeds inside.

[0051] In addition, the present invention also discloses a construction method for the above-mentioned press-type self-expanding ecological restoration structure for rock slopes, which includes the following steps:

[0052] Step 1: Clean up the funnel-shaped depression 2 on slope 1, measure the size of the funnel-shaped depression 2, and prefabricate the corresponding size of anchor rod 3, telescopic expansion frame 4, water injection and mixing mechanism 5 and waterproof frame 9.

[0053] Step 2: Prepare the dry material of cement-based expanding mortar 6 according to the size of the funnel-shaped depression 2, place it in the lower frame 4.2 of the telescopic expansion frame 4, and seal it with the elastic rubber film 4.4.

[0054] Step 3: Pass the anchor rod 3 through the telescopic expansion frame 4 and place the telescopic expansion frame 4 in the funnel-shaped depression 2;

[0055] Step 4: Embed the anchoring end 3.4 of anchor rod 3 into the bottom rock layer of the funnel-shaped depression 2;

[0056] Step 5: Add a measured amount of water into the water inlet pipe 5.6. The water flows downward into the area where the dry material of cement-based expansive mortar 6 is located in the lower skeleton 4.2 and mixes with it. At the same time, press the upper skeleton 4.1. The upper skeleton 4.1 and the lower skeleton 4.2 are brought closer to each other, so that the elastic rod 4.3 is compressed and bends outward. At this time, the elastic rubber film 4.4 is ruptured by the outward bending elastic rod 4.3, and the mixture of dry material of cement-based expansive mortar 6 and water enters the inner wall of the funnel-shaped depression 2.

[0057] Step Six: Repeatedly pull and press the upper frame 4.1, causing the upper cover plate 4.5 and top seat 5.4 of the upper frame 4.1 to move up and down continuously. This causes the ball screw mechanism 5.3.1 of the ball screw mechanism 5.3 to move up and down continuously within the nut 5.3.2. Since the nut 5.3.2 is fixed in the hollow cavity inside the stirring shaft 5.1, the nut 5.3.2 rotates, driving the stirring shaft 5.1 to continuously rotate forward and reverse. This causes the stirring blades 5.2 to continuously rotate and stir the mixture of dry materials and water in the cement-based expansive mortar 6, making it uniformly mixed. The cement-based expansive mortar 6 gradually expands and fills the entire funnel-shaped depression 2. On the one hand, the cement-based expansive mortar 6 expands during the hardening process, filling the tiny gaps in the depression and improving the density of the structure. On the other hand, the cement-based expansive mortar 6 has good crack resistance and can effectively reduce stress concentration caused by temperature and humidity, thereby reducing the possibility of cracking.

[0058] Step 7: Press down on the upper frame 4.1 so that the upper frame 4.1 and the lower frame 4.2 are close together. At this time, the elastic rod 4.3 is pressed outward and fits against the inner surface of the funnel-shaped recess 2. Insert the limiting pin 3.3 into the limiting hole 3.2 inside the anchor rod 3, thereby pressing against the top of the upper frame 4.1 to prevent it from rebounding upward.

[0059] Step 8: Fill the upper skeleton 4.1 with a porous plastic filling layer 7, which includes porous plastic and superabsorbent resin;

[0060] Step 9: Fill the top of the porous plastic filling layer 7 with soil filling layer 8. The final height of soil filling layer 8 is lower than the top of the water inlet pipe 5.6. Soil filling layer 8 includes planting soil, organic matter, fertilizer and plant seeds.

[0061] Step 10: Place the waterproof retaining frame 9 on the upper surface of the soil filling layer 8, and make the top of the anchor rod 3 pass through the fixing hole 9.7. After the water inlet 9.5 is connected with the top of the water inlet pipe 5.6, screw the nut on the external thread 3.1 surface of the top of the anchor rod 3. The overall construction is completed.

[0062] The above embodiments are merely preferred technical solutions of the present invention and should not be considered as limitations on the present invention. The embodiments and features described in these embodiments can be arbitrarily combined without conflict. The scope of protection of the present invention should be limited to the technical solutions described in the claims, including equivalent substitutions of the technical features described in the claims. That is, equivalent substitutions and improvements within this scope are also within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A self-expanding ecological restoration structure for rock slopes, comprising anchor bolts (3) inserted into funnel-shaped depressions (2) on the surface of the slope (1), characterized in that: The anchor rod (3) passes through the side of the telescopic expansion frame (4). The telescopic expansion frame (4) is equipped with a water injection and mixing mechanism (5) and cement-based expansion mortar (6). The top of the telescopic expansion frame (4) is provided with a porous plastic filling layer (7), a soil filling layer (8), and a waterproof baffle (9) in sequence. The telescopic expansion frame (4) includes an upper frame (4.1) and a lower frame (4.2). An elastic rod (4.3) is connected between the side of the upper frame (4.1) and the side of the lower frame (4.2). The upper frame (4.1) and the lower frame (4.2) are provided with vertical holes for inserting anchor rods (3) on their sides; the outer surface of the elastic rod (4.3) is covered with an elastic rubber film (4.4); the bottom of the upper frame (4.1) is horizontally fixed with an upper cover plate (4.5); the bottom of the lower frame (4.2) is horizontally fixed with a lower cover plate (4.6); the area enclosed by the elastic rubber film (4.4), the upper cover plate (4.5) and the lower cover plate (4.6) is filled with cement-based expansion mortar (6).

2. The self-expanding ecological restoration structure for rock slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The funnel-shaped depression (2) is a depression structure with a narrow opening at the top and a wide opening at the bottom.

3. The self-expanding ecological restoration structure for rock slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anchor rod (3) has an external thread (3.1) at the top, a limiting hole (3.2) for inserting a limiting pin (3.3) is provided inside the anchor rod (3), and an anchoring end (3.4) is provided at the bottom of the anchor rod (3).

4. The self-expanding ecological restoration structure for rock slopes according to claim 3, characterized in that: The water injection and stirring mechanism (5) includes a stirring shaft (5.1) and stirring blades (5.2) fixed on the surface of the stirring shaft (5.1). The bottom of the stirring shaft (5.1) is rotatably connected to the surface of the lower cover plate (4.6) through a bearing (5.7). The top of the stirring shaft (5.1) is connected to a top seat (5.4) fixed on the lower surface of the upper cover plate (4.5) through a ball screw mechanism (5.3).

5. The self-expanding ecological restoration structure for rock slopes according to claim 4, characterized in that: The ball screw mechanism (5.3) includes a screw (5.3.1), the top of which is fixedly connected to the top seat (5.4), and the bottom is threadedly engaged with a nut (5.3.2). The gap between the screw (5.3.1) and the nut (5.3.2) is filled with balls. The stirring shaft (5.1) is hollow inside and fixedly connected to the nut (5.3.2).

6. The self-expanding ecological restoration structure for rock slopes according to claim 5, characterized in that: The surface of the upper cover plate (4.5) is also fitted with a filter basket (5.5). The filter basket (5.5) is a cylindrical cavity structure with filter holes on its surface. The top is connected to the bottom of the water inlet pipe (5.6). The top seat (5.4) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the filter basket (5.5).

7. The self-expanding ecological restoration structure for rock slopes according to claim 6, characterized in that: The waterproof baffle (9) includes an inlet baffle (9.1) and an outlet baffle (9.2). The inlet baffle (9.1) and the outlet baffle (9.2) are provided with side baffles (9.3) on both sides. The inlet baffle (9.1) and the outlet baffle (9.2) are provided with a water passage frame (9.4) inside. The water passage frame (9.4) is provided with an inlet (9.5) inside. The inlet (9.5) is matched with the top of the inlet pipe (5.6). The inlet baffle (9.1), the outlet baffle (9.2) and the water passage frame (9.4) are all filled with filter mesh (9.6). The side baffle (9.3) has a fixing hole (9.7) on its surface that matches the anchor rod (3).

8. A construction method for the self-expanding ecological restoration structure for rock slopes as described in claim 7, characterized in that: It includes the following steps: Step 1: Clean up the funnel-shaped depression (2) on the slope (1), measure the size of the funnel-shaped depression (2), and prefabricate the corresponding size of the anchor rod (3), telescopic expansion frame (4), water injection and mixing mechanism (5) and waterproof frame (9). Step 2: Prepare the dry material of cement-based expansion mortar (6) according to the size of the funnel-shaped depression (2), place it in the lower frame (4.2) of the telescopic expansion frame (4), and seal it with the elastic rubber film (4.4). Step 3: Pass the anchor rod (3) through the telescopic expansion frame (4) and place the telescopic expansion frame (4) in the funnel-shaped depression (2); Step 4: Embed the anchoring end (3.4) of the anchor rod (3) into the bottom rock layer of the funnel-shaped depression (2); Step 5: Add a measured amount of water into the water inlet pipe (5.6). The water flows downward into the area where the dry material of cement-based expansive mortar (6) is located in the lower skeleton (4.2) and mixes with it. At the same time, press the upper skeleton (4.1). The upper skeleton (4.1) and the lower skeleton (4.2) move closer to each other, so that the elastic rod (4.3) is bent outward under pressure. At this time, the elastic rubber film (4.4) is broken by the outwardly bent elastic rod (4.3), and the mixture of dry material of cement-based expansive mortar (6) and water enters the inner wall of the funnel-shaped depression (2). Step 6: Repeatedly lift and press the upper frame (4.1) to make the upper cover plate (4.5) and top seat (5.4) of the upper frame (4.1) move up and down continuously, so that the screw (5.3.1) of the ball screw mechanism (5.3) also moves up and down continuously in the nut (5.3.2). Since the nut (5.3.2) is fixed in the hollow cavity inside the stirring shaft (5.1), the nut (5.3.2) rotates and drives the stirring shaft (5.1) to continuously rotate forward and reverse, so that the stirring blade (5.2) rotates continuously and stirs the mixture of dry material and water of cement-based expansive mortar (6) to make it evenly mixed. The cement-based expansive mortar (6) gradually expands and fills the entire funnel-shaped depression (2). Step 7: Press down on the upper frame (4.1) so that the upper frame (4.1) and the lower frame (4.2) are close together. At this time, the elastic rod (4.3) is pressed outward and fits against the inner surface of the funnel-shaped recess (2). Insert the limiting pin (3.3) into the limiting hole (3.2) inside the anchor rod (3) to hold the top of the upper frame (4.1) and prevent it from rebounding upward. Step 8: Fill the upper skeleton (4.1) with a porous plastic filling layer (7), which includes porous plastic and superabsorbent resin; Step 9: Fill the top of the porous plastic filling layer (7) with a soil filling layer (8). The final height of the soil filling layer (8) is lower than the top of the water inlet pipe (5.6). The soil filling layer (8) includes planting soil, organic matter, fertilizer and plant seeds. Step 10: Place the waterproof frame (9) on the upper surface of the soil filling layer (8) and make the top of the anchor rod (3) pass through the fixing hole (9.7). After the water inlet (9.5) and the top of the water inlet pipe (5.6) are connected, screw the nut on the surface of the external thread (3.1) on the top of the anchor rod (3). The overall construction is completed.

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