A new type of motorcycle fork shock absorber

Abstract

The present application relates to the field of shock absorber, especially to a new type of motorcycle front fork shock absorber, which mainly solves the problem of poor damping effect of motorcycle front fork shock absorber in the prior art, comprising a hydraulic cylinder, a first sleeve, a second sleeve, a piston, a first spring, a second spring, a first sealing cover, a second sealing cover and an adjusting screw, the lower end of the hydraulic cylinder and located on the radial side of the hydraulic cylinder is provided with a first mounting seat, the first mounting seat is provided with a first mounting hole, the upper part of the hydraulic cylinder and located on the radial side of the hydraulic cylinder is respectively provided with a second mounting seat and a third mounting seat, the second mounting seat and the third mounting seat are respectively provided with a second mounting hole and a third mounting hole, the first sealing cover is arranged on the upper end of the hydraulic cylinder, the first sleeve is arranged in the hydraulic cylinder, and the upper end of the first sleeve extends outward through the first sealing cover, the second sealing cover is arranged on the upper end of the first sleeve, and the second sleeve is arranged in the first sleeve.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of shock absorber, in particular to a new type of motorcycle front fork shock absorber. BACKGROUND

[0002] In order to alleviate and attenuate the impact and vibration of motorcycle due to road unevenness during driving, ensure the smoothness and comfort of driving, and improve the service life and stability of motorcycle, a shock absorber is provided on the motorcycle.

[0003] Chinese application No. 03234269.1, authorized publication No. CN 2621963Y discloses an inner single cylinder damper inverted front shock absorber, which is suitable for inner single cylinder damper inverted front shock absorber of medium and high-grade off-road vehicles and racing cars, comprising a bottom cylinder, a front fork pipe, a dust cover, an outer cylinder, an end cover, a buffer pad, a bushing seat, a gasket, an oil seal, a shock spring, a base, a positioning seat, a screw, a locking nut, an open gasket, a check ring, a piston body, a limiting pad, a buffer spring, a working cylinder, a guide seat, a connecting rod, and a damper. The bottom cylinder is sleeved on one end of the front fork pipe, and the outer cylinder is sleeved on the other end of the front fork pipe. A bushing is arranged between the outer wall of the front fork pipe and the inner wall of the outer cylinder. The damper is arranged in the front fork pipe. The shock spring is sleeved on the damper. One end of the shock spring is in contact with the positioning seat, and the other end is limited by the bushing seat arranged on the damper. A piston ring is arranged between the bushing seat and the inner wall of the front fork pipe. In use, the outer cylinder is connected with the upper and lower parts of the vehicle direction column. The shock oil is added into the single cylinder damper, and the shock oil is higher than the piston body and the outer cylinder 4. Under the action of external force, the damper is driven to move to the left, forcing the shock absorber in the working cylinder cavity to generate compression resistance through the damping hole on the piston body, so that a high pressure chamber is formed in the shock absorber. At this time, the shock spring is compressed, and the shock absorbing effect is realized. In the process of restoring the original length of the shock spring, the force acts on the bushing seat, the bushing seat drives the damper to move to the left and right through the positioning pipe, forcing the shock oil at the left end of the working cylinder to flow through the damping hole on the piston body to generate restoring resistance, so that the shock spring is reset. In the whole movement, the outer wall of the front fork pipe and the inner wall of the outer cylinder are supported by the bushing without direct contact, not only reducing the friction between the two, but also improving the movement flexibility and bending strength of the shock absorber.

[0004] However, the above motorcycle shock absorber cannot meet the shock absorbing requirements of the motorcycle in different road conditions, different jumping degrees, and different turning degrees, so that the shock absorber cannot comfortably, smoothly, flexibly and effectively absorb the vibration and impact from the road; especially for racing motorcycles, the shock absorbing effect is poor. SUMMARY

[0005] Therefore, in view of the above problems, the present application provides a new type of motorcycle front fork shock absorber, which mainly solves the problem of poor shock absorbing effect of the motorcycle front fork shock absorber in the prior art.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present application adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] A new type of motorcycle front fork shock absorber, comprising a hydraulic cylinder, a first sleeve, a second sleeve, a piston, a first spring, a second spring, a first sealing cover, a second sealing cover and an adjusting screw, the lower end of the hydraulic cylinder and on the radial side of the hydraulic cylinder is provided with a first mounting seat, the first mounting seat is provided with a first mounting hole, the upper part of the hydraulic cylinder and on the two radial sides of the hydraulic cylinder are respectively provided with a second mounting seat and a third mounting seat, the second mounting seat and the third mounting seat are respectively provided with a second mounting hole and a third mounting hole, the hydraulic cylinder is provided with a reinforcing rib connecting the first mounting seat and the third mounting seat, the first sealing cover is arranged at the upper end of the hydraulic cylinder, the first sleeve is arranged in the hydraulic cylinder, and the upper end of the first sleeve extends outward through the first sealing cover, the second sealing cover is arranged at the upper end of the first sleeve, the second sleeve is arranged in the first sleeve, the lower end of the second sleeve extends out of the first sleeve and abuts against the bottom of the hydraulic cylinder, the lower part of the second sleeve is provided with two first communication holes, the two first communication holes are distributed on the same diameter of the second sleeve, the upper end of the second sleeve is provided with a support ring, the piston is arranged in the middle part of the second sleeve, the first spring is arranged in the first sleeve, and the two ends of the first spring abut against the second sealing cover and the support ring respectively, the second spring is sleeved on the second sleeve, and the two ends of the second spring abut against the support ring and the piston respectively, a first cavity is formed by the second sealing cover, the first sleeve, the second sleeve and the piston, a second cavity is formed by the first sealing cover, the hydraulic cylinder, the first sleeve, the second sleeve and the piston, the first cavity and the second cavity are filled with damping oil, the adjusting screw is threadedly connected with the lower end of the hydraulic cylinder, and the upper end of the adjusting screw extends to the lower end of the second sleeve, and the flow path area of the damping oil flowing through the first communication hole is adjusted by rotating the adjusting screw.

[0008] Further, a second communication hole is arranged on the second sleeve between the piston and the support ring.

[0009] Further, the circumferential outer surface of the support ring is provided with an annular groove, and an elastic ring is embedded in the annular groove, and the circumferential outer surface of the elastic ring abuts against the inner surface of the first sleeve.

[0010] Further, the elastic ring comprises a base in a ring structure and at least three protrusions uniformly arranged on the lower surface of the base, and a through groove is formed between the two adjacent protrusions.

[0011] Further, the hydraulic cylinder is provided with a fourth mounting seat and a fifth mounting seat on the radial side of the hydraulic cylinder between the first mounting seat and the second mounting seat and away from the first mounting seat, the fourth mounting seat and the fifth mounting seat are spaced apart along the axial direction of the hydraulic cylinder, and the fourth mounting seat and the fifth mounting seat are respectively provided with a fourth mounting hole and a fifth mounting hole.

[0012] Further, the first sealing cover comprises an end cover, a top ring, an elastic sleeve, a metal elastic ring and a second bushing, the upper surface of the top ring abuts against the lower end surface of the end cover, the upper surface and the lower surface of the elastic sleeve are respectively provided with an upper annular groove and a lower annular groove, the lower end surface of the top ring abuts against the upper end surface of the elastic sleeve, the metal elastic ring is clamped on the circumferential outer surface of the elastic sleeve, and the upper end of the second bushing is embedded in the lower annular groove.

[0013] Further, the upper end surface of the elastic sleeve is divided into an inner ring and an outer ring through the upper annular groove, the circumferential outer surface of the top ring is provided in the form of an inclined surface, the lower end surface of the top ring abuts against the inner ring, and the circumferential outer surface of the top ring abuts against the outer side surface of the upper annular groove.

[0014] Further, the metal elastic ring has a gap, the metal elastic ring comprises a first curved portion, a second curved portion, a third curved portion, a fourth curved portion and a fifth curved portion which are connected in sequence, the first curved portion and the second curved portion are axially symmetrically distributed along the center line of the third curved portion with the fifth curved portion and the fourth curved portion, the concave surface of the first curved portion faces the inner side surface, the concave surface of the second curved portion faces the outer side surface, the curvature radius of the second curved portion is smaller than that of the first curved portion, and the curvature radius of the first curved portion is smaller than that of the third curved portion.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the present application are as follows: the motorcycle front fork shock absorber is installed on the fork shoulder of the motorcycle front fork through the upper end of the first sleeve, and is connected with the body of the motorcycle through the first mounting seat, the second mounting seat and the third mounting seat on the hydraulic cylinder, so that the connection between the shock absorber and the motorcycle is firm, and the first mounting seat is embedded in the bottom of the hydraulic cylinder, thereby improving the connection strength of the hydraulic cylinder, avoiding the impact and vibration generated during the driving of the motorcycle from acting on the hydraulic cylinder, improving the connection strength of the hydraulic cylinder and the mounting seat, avoiding the problem of fracture caused by large impact, and in use, the impact force acts on the first sleeve, so that the first sleeve and the hydraulic cylinder slide towards each other, and the first sleeve and the second sleeve slide towards each other, so that the piston on the second sleeve extrudes the damping oil in the first sleeve, so that the damping oil enters the second cavity through the first communication hole, and the flow path area of the damping oil flowing through the first communication hole is adjusted through the rotary adjusting screw, so that the damping size of the shock absorber is adjusted, and the piston is connected with the support ring through the setting of the second spring, so that the piston realizes floating connection, and when extruding the damping oil, the piston moves along the first sleeve and the second sleeve, which plays a buffering role, avoids the wall impact feeling caused by the initial impact of the shock absorber by large impact force, and can balance according to the size of the impact force through the second spring, so that the shock absorbing effect is further improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 is a perspective structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present application;

[0017] Figure 2 is an exploded structural schematic diagram of the first state of an embodiment of the present application;

[0018] Figure 3 is an exploded structural schematic diagram of the second state of an embodiment of the present application;

[0019] Figure 4 is an exploded structural schematic diagram of the third state of an embodiment of the present application;

[0020] Figure 5 is a sectional structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present application;

[0021] Figure 6 is a perspective structural schematic diagram of the first state of the hydraulic cylinder in an embodiment of the present application;

[0022] Figure 7 is a perspective structural schematic diagram of the second state of the hydraulic cylinder in an embodiment of the present application;

[0023] Figure 8 is a perspective structural schematic diagram of the second sleeve in an embodiment of the present application;

[0024] Figure 9is a perspective view of the elastic ring in the embodiment of the present application;

[0025] Figure 10 is a perspective view of the first sealing cover in the embodiment of the present application from the top;

[0026] Figure 11 is a perspective view of the first sealing cover in the embodiment of the present application from the bottom;

[0027] Figure 12 is a perspective view of the metal elastic ring in the embodiment of the present application;

[0028] Figure 13 is a perspective view of the piston in the embodiment of the present application from the bottom;

[0029] Figure 14 is a perspective view of the piston in the embodiment of the present application from the top, with the upper cover plate omitted;

[0030] Figure 15 is an exploded view of the piston in the embodiment of the present application from the top;

[0031] Figure 16 is an exploded view of the piston in the embodiment of the present application from the bottom. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The present application will be further described in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.

[0033] The embodiment of the present application is:

[0034] Reference Figures 1 to 8As shown, a new motorcycle front fork shock absorber, including hydraulic cylinder 1, the first sleeve 2, the second sleeve 3, the piston 4, the first spring 5, the second spring 6, the first sealing cover 8, the second sealing cover 9 and adjusting screw 7, the lower end of the hydraulic cylinder 1 and located on the radial side of the hydraulic cylinder 1 is provided with the first mounting seat 11, the first mounting hole 12 is provided on the first mounting seat 11, the upper part of the hydraulic cylinder 1 and located on both sides of the radial direction of the hydraulic cylinder 1 is respectively provided with the second mounting seat 13 and the third mounting seat 15, the second mounting hole 14 and the third mounting hole 16 are respectively provided on the second mounting seat 13 and the third mounting seat 15, the first sealing cover 8 is arranged on the upper end of the hydraulic cylinder 1, the first sleeve 2 is arranged in the hydraulic cylinder 1, and the upper end of the first sleeve 2 extends outward through the first sealing cover 8, the second sealing cover 9 is arranged on the upper end of the first sleeve 2, the second sleeve 3 is arranged in the first sleeve 2, the lower end of the second sleeve 3 passes out of the first sleeve 2 and abuts against the bottom of the hydraulic cylinder 1, the lower part of the second sleeve 3 is provided with two first communication holes 31, the two first communication holes 31 are distributed on the same diameter of the second sleeve 3, the upper end of the second sleeve 3 is provided with a support ring 10, the piston 4 is arranged in the middle part of the second sleeve 3, the first spring 5 is arranged in the first sleeve 2, and the two ends of the first spring 5 abut against the second sealing cover 9 and the support ring 10 respectively, the second spring 6 is arranged on the second sleeve 3, and the two ends of the second spring 6 abut against the support ring 10 and the piston 4 respectively, a first cavity 100 is formed by the second sealing cover 9, the first sleeve 2, the second sleeve 3 and the piston 4, a second cavity 200 is formed by the first sealing cover 8, the hydraulic cylinder 1, the first sleeve 2, the second sleeve 3 and the piston 4, the first cavity 100 and the second cavity 200 are filled with damping oil, the adjusting screw 7 is threadedly connected with the lower end of the hydraulic cylinder 1, and the upper end of the adjusting screw 7 extends to the lower end of the second sleeve 3, the flow path area of the damping oil flowing through the first communication hole 31 is adjusted by rotating the adjusting screw 7.

[0035] The fourth mounting seat 17 and the fifth mounting seat 19 are arranged on the radial side of the hydraulic cylinder 1, which is between the first mounting seat 11 and the second mounting seat 13 and away from the first mounting seat 11, the fourth mounting seat 17 and the fifth mounting seat 19 are spaced apart along the axial direction of the hydraulic cylinder 1, the fourth mounting hole 18 and the fifth mounting hole 20 are respectively arranged on the fourth mounting seat 17 and the fifth mounting seat 19, and the reinforcing rib 30 is arranged on the hydraulic cylinder 1 and connects the first mounting seat 11 and the third mounting seat 15.

[0036] The first sleeve 2 is installed on the fork shoulder of the motorcycle front fork, and is connected and installed with the motorcycle body through the first mounting seat 11, the second mounting seat 13 and the third mounting seat 15 on the hydraulic cylinder 1, so that the connection of the shock absorber with the motorcycle is firm, and the first mounting seat 11 is embedded in the bottom of the hydraulic cylinder 1, thereby improving the connection strength of the hydraulic cylinder 1, avoiding the impact and vibration generated during the driving of the motorcycle from acting on the hydraulic cylinder, improving the connection strength of the hydraulic cylinder 1 and the mounting seat, avoiding the problem of fracture caused by large impact, the fourth mounting seat 17 and the fifth mounting seat 19 are beneficial to the installation of the front disc brake device, and have good firmness, and the strength of the hydraulic cylinder 1 is guaranteed by the reinforcing ribs, in use, the impact force acts on the first sleeve 2, so that the first sleeve 2 and the hydraulic cylinder 1 slide towards each other, and the first sleeve 2 and the second sleeve 3 slide towards each other, so that the piston 4 on the second sleeve 3 extrudes the damping oil in the first sleeve 2, so that the damping oil enters the second cavity 200 through the first communication hole 31, and the flow path area of the damping oil flowing through the first communication hole 31 is adjusted by the rotary adjusting screw 7, so that the damping size of the shock absorber is adjusted, and the piston 4 is connected in floating by the setting of the second spring 6 and the support ring 10, so that the piston 4 realizes floating connection, and plays a buffering role through the relative movement of the piston 4 along the first sleeve 2 and the second sleeve 3 when extruding the damping oil, avoiding the wall impact feeling caused by the initial impact of the shock absorber by large impact force, and the second spring 6 can balance according to the size of the impact force, so that the damping effect is further improved.

[0037] It is worth noting that a second communication hole 32 is arranged on the second sleeve 3 between the piston 4 and the support ring 10, an annular groove 40 is arranged on the circumferential outer surface of the support ring 10, an elastic ring 50 is embedded in the annular groove 40, the circumferential outer surface of the elastic ring 50 abuts against the inner surface of the first sleeve 2, a cavity 300 is formed by the elastic ring 50 and the piston 4, and the cavity 300 is communicated with the second communication hole 32, when the shock absorber is impacted, the compensation of the damping oil in the cavity 300 is realized by cooperating with the second spring 6, so that the pressure in the cavity 300 remains good stability, so as to ensure the sliding balance of the piston 4, thereby improving the damping effect.

[0038] At the same time, refer to Figure 9As shown, the elastic ring 50 includes a ring-shaped base 501 and four protrusions 502 evenly distributed on the lower surface of the base 501. A through groove 503 is formed between two adjacent protrusions 502. When a large impact force is received, the force of the damping oil acting on the elastic ring 50 is increased, and the support is achieved by the protrusions 502. This makes the parts of the base 501 without protrusions 502 easy to deform. Under the pressure of the damping oil, it seeps into the cavity 300, which plays a better role in buffering and thus improves the shock absorption effect.

[0039] Furthermore, refer to Figure 10 , Figure 11 and Figure 12 As shown, the first sealing cap 8 includes an end cap 81, a top ring 82, an elastic sleeve 83, a metal elastic ring 84, and a second bushing 85. The upper surface of the top ring 82 abuts against the lower end face of the end cap 81. The upper and lower surfaces of the elastic sleeve 83 are respectively provided with an upper annular groove 86 and a lower annular groove 87. The lower end face of the top ring 82 abuts against the upper end face of the elastic sleeve 83. The metal elastic ring 84 is clamped on the outer circumferential surface of the elastic sleeve 83. The upper end of the second bushing 85 is embedded in the lower annular groove 87. The upper end face of the elastic sleeve 83 is divided into an inner ring and an outer ring by the upper annular groove 86. The outer circumferential surface of the top ring 82 is inclined. The lower end face of the top ring 82 abuts against the inner ring. The outer circumferential surface of the top ring 82 abuts against the outer surface of the upper annular groove 86.

[0040] Thus, when the end cap 81 is screwed into the hydraulic cylinder 1, the end cap 81 presses the elastic sleeve 83 through the top ring 82, causing the outer ring of the elastic sleeve 83 to press against the inner wall of the hydraulic cylinder 1 and the outer wall of the first sleeve 2. At the same time, the elastic sleeve 83 is well fixed by the high elasticity of the metal elastic ring 84. Furthermore, by being clamped in the middle, the axial ends of the elastic sleeve 83 are slightly raised outward, thereby improving the fit. Moreover, the sealing effect of the first sealing cap 8 is improved by the second bushing 85 being embedded in the lower annular groove 87 on the lower end face of the elastic sleeve 83.

[0041] Furthermore, the metal elastic ring 84 has a notch 846. The metal elastic ring 84 includes a first curved portion 841, a second curved portion 842, a third curved portion 843, a fourth curved portion 844, and a fifth curved portion 845 that are integrally connected in sequence. The first curved portion 841 and the second curved portion 842 are axially symmetrically distributed along the center line of the third curved portion 843 and the fifth curved portion 845 and the fourth curved portion 844. The concave surface of the first curved portion 841 faces the inner side, and the concave surface of the second curved portion 842 faces the outer side. The radius of curvature of the second curved portion 842 is smaller than the radius of curvature of the first curved portion 841, and the radius of curvature of the first curved portion 841 is smaller than the radius of curvature of the third curved portion 843.

[0042] The design is such that the first, third and fifth curve portions 841, 843 and 845 support the second and fourth curve portions 842 and 844 and inwardly clamp the elastic sleeve 83 through the second and fourth curve portions 842 and 844 to achieve fixation, while the notches 846 provided on the metal elastic ring 84 maintain the elastic potential energy of the metal elastic ring 84 to achieve better fixation and clamping and facilitate installation of the metal elastic ring 84. In the movement of the first sleeve 2, the radial runout and the diameter error of the second sleeve 3 caused by machining precision are compensated by the design, which ensures that the elastic sleeve 83 is always clamped to the outer side of the second sleeve 3, thereby improving the sealing effect.

[0043] In the embodiment, as shown in Figures 13 to 16 The piston 4 includes a piston body 41, an upper cover plate 43, a lower cover plate 45, an upper floating ring 42 and a lower floating ring 44. The piston body 41 is provided with a first through hole 411 at the central axis for the second sleeve 3 to pass through. The upper surface and the lower surface of the piston body 41 are respectively provided with an upper stepped groove 412 and a lower stepped groove 413 connected with the first through hole 411. Four third communication holes 414 are provided on the piston body 41 and above the upper and lower stepped grooves 412 and 413.

[0044] The upper floating ring 42 is embedded in the upper stepped groove 412 and is provided with a second through hole 421 for the second sleeve 3 to pass through. The thickness dimension of the upper floating ring 42 is smaller than the depth dimension of the upper stepped groove 412, and the width dimension of the upper floating ring 42 is smaller than the width dimension of the upper stepped groove 412, so that the upper floating ring 42 is embedded in the upper stepped groove 412, and a first annular channel 422 is formed between the upper floating ring 42 and the upper stepped groove 412. The upper cover plate 43 is provided on the upper surface of the piston body 41 and is provided with a third through hole 431 for the second sleeve 3 to pass through and five first relief grooves 432 connected with the third through hole 431. The first relief grooves 432 are in communication with the first annular channel 422.

[0045] The lower floating ring 44 is embedded in the lower stepped groove 413, the lower floating ring 44 is provided with a fourth through hole 441 for the second sleeve 3 to pass through, the thickness dimension of the lower floating ring 44 is less than the depth dimension of the lower stepped groove 413, and the width dimension of the lower floating ring 44 is less than the width dimension of the lower stepped groove 413, so that the lower floating ring 44 is embedded in the lower stepped groove 413, and a second annular channel 442 is formed between the lower floating ring 44 and the lower stepped groove 413, the lower cover plate 45 is covered on the lower surface of the piston body 41, the lower cover plate 45 is provided with a fifth through hole 451 for the second sleeve 3 to pass through and five second accommodation grooves 452 connected with the fifth through hole 451, the second accommodation grooves 452 are communicated with the second annular channel 442, and the circumferential outer surface of the lower floating ring 44 is provided in a curved surface structure.

[0046] When the damping oil in the container cavity is balanced, the upper floating ring 42 is floated, the damping oil passes through the piston body 41 through the first accommodation groove 432, the first annular channel 422 and the third communication hole 414, and pushes the lower floating ring 44 against the lower cover plate 45, so that the lower floating ring 44 is separated from the third communication hole 414, thereby making the damping oil enter the second container cavity 200, which can ensure the smooth effect of the damping oil, facilitate the flow of the damping oil under small impact, and when receiving a large impact force, the damping oil pressure in the container cavity is unbalanced, causing the upper floating ring 42 to abut against the upper surface of the piston body 41, blocking the third communication hole 414, adjusting the damping oil in the container cavity 300 through the second spring 6 and the second communication hole 32, and improving the flow of the damping oil when the pressure tends to be stable, thereby improving the damping effect of the shock absorber.

[0047] Although the present application is specifically shown and described in connection with the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that various changes in form and details can be made to the present application without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application defined in the appended claims.

Claims

1. A motorcycle front fork shock absorber, characterized in that: The system includes a hydraulic cylinder, a first sleeve, a second sleeve, a piston, a first spring, a second spring, a first sealing cap, a second sealing cap, and an adjusting screw. A first mounting seat is provided at the lower end of the hydraulic cylinder, located on one radial side, and the first mounting seat has a first mounting hole. A second mounting seat and a third mounting seat are respectively provided at the upper part of the hydraulic cylinder, located on both radial sides, and the second and third mounting seats have second and third mounting holes, respectively. The hydraulic cylinder is provided with reinforcing ribs connecting the first mounting base and the third mounting base. The first sealing cap is located at the upper end of the hydraulic cylinder. The first sleeve passes through the hydraulic cylinder, and the upper end of the first sleeve extends outward through the first sealing cap. The second sealing cap is located at the upper end of the first sleeve. The second sleeve passes through the first sleeve, and the lower end of the second sleeve extends out of the first sleeve and abuts against the bottom of the hydraulic cylinder. The lower part of the second sleeve is provided with two first connecting holes, which are distributed on the same diameter of the second sleeve. The upper end of the second sleeve is provided with a support ring. The piston is located in the middle of the second sleeve, and the first spring passes through it. Inside the first sleeve, the two ends of the first spring abut against the second sealing cap and the support ring respectively. The second spring is sleeved on the second sleeve, and the two ends of the second spring abut against the support ring and the piston respectively. The second sealing cap, the first sleeve, the second sleeve and the piston form a first cavity, and the first sealing cap, the hydraulic cylinder, the first sleeve, the second sleeve and the piston form a second cavity. Both the first cavity and the second cavity are filled with damping oil. The adjusting screw is threaded to the lower end of the hydraulic cylinder, and the upper end of the adjusting screw extends to the lower end of the second sleeve. The flow area of ​​the damping oil through the first connecting hole is adjusted by rotating the adjusting screw. The piston includes a piston body, an upper cover plate, a lower cover plate, an upper floating ring, and a lower floating ring. The piston body has a first through hole at its central axis for the second sleeve to pass through. The upper and lower surfaces of the piston body are respectively provided with an upper stepped groove and a lower stepped groove connected to the first through hole. The piston body has four third connecting holes located on the upper and lower stepped grooves. The upper floating ring is embedded in the upper stepped groove. The upper floating ring has a second through hole for the second sleeve to pass through. The thickness of the upper floating ring is smaller than the depth of the upper stepped groove, and the width of the upper floating ring is smaller than the width of the upper stepped groove, so that the upper floating ring is embedded in the upper stepped groove. A first annular channel is formed between the upper floating ring and the upper stepped groove. The upper cover plate is placed on the upper surface of the piston body. The upper cover plate has a third through hole for the second sleeve to pass through and five first clearance grooves connected to the third through hole. The first clearance grooves are connected to the first annular channel. The lower floating ring is embedded in the lower stepped groove. The lower floating ring has a fourth through hole for the second sleeve to pass through. The thickness of the lower floating ring is smaller than the depth of the lower stepped groove, and the width of the lower floating ring is smaller than the width of the lower stepped groove, so that the lower floating ring is embedded in the lower stepped groove, forming a second annular channel between the lower floating ring and the lower stepped groove. The lower cover plate is placed on the lower surface of the piston body. The lower cover plate has a fifth through hole for the second sleeve to pass through and five second clearance grooves connected to the fifth through hole. The second clearance grooves are connected to the second annular channel. The outer circumferential surface of the lower floating ring is set as a curved surface structure.

2. The motorcycle front fork shock absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second sleeve has a second connecting hole located between the piston and the support ring.

3. The motorcycle front fork shock absorber according to claim 2, characterized in that: The outer circumferential surface of the support ring is provided with an annular groove, and an elastic ring is embedded in the annular groove. The outer circumferential surface of the elastic ring abuts against the inner surface of the first sleeve.

4. The motorcycle front fork shock absorber according to claim 3, characterized in that: The elastic ring includes a base with a ring-shaped structure and at least three protrusions uniformly disposed on the lower surface of the base, with a through groove formed between two adjacent protrusions.

5. The motorcycle front fork shock absorber according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: A fourth mounting seat and a fifth mounting seat are provided on the hydraulic cylinder, located between the first mounting seat and the second mounting seat and on the radial side away from the first mounting seat. The fourth mounting seat and the fifth mounting seat are spaced apart along the axial direction of the hydraulic cylinder. The fourth mounting seat and the fifth mounting seat are respectively provided with a fourth mounting hole and a fifth mounting hole.

6. The motorcycle front fork shock absorber according to claim 5, characterized in that: The first sealing cap includes an end cap, a top ring, an elastic sleeve, a metal elastic ring, and a second bushing. The upper surface of the top ring abuts against the lower end face of the end cap. The upper and lower surfaces of the elastic sleeve are respectively provided with an upper annular groove and a lower annular groove. The lower end face of the top ring abuts against the upper end face of the elastic sleeve. The metal elastic ring is clamped on the outer circumferential surface of the elastic sleeve. The upper end of the second bushing is embedded in the lower annular groove.

7. The motorcycle front fork shock absorber according to claim 6, characterized in that: The upper end face of the elastic sleeve is divided into an inner ring and an outer ring by an upper annular groove. The outer circumferential surface of the top ring is inclined. The lower end face of the top ring abuts against the inner ring, and the outer circumferential surface of the top ring abuts against the outer surface of the upper annular groove.

8. The motorcycle front fork shock absorber according to claim 7, characterized in that: The metal elastic ring has a notch. The metal elastic ring includes a first curved portion, a second curved portion, a third curved portion, a fourth curved portion, and a fifth curved portion that are integrally connected in sequence. The first curved portion and the second curved portion are axially symmetrically distributed along the center line of the third curved portion and the fifth curved portion and the fourth curved portion. The concave surface of the first curved portion faces the inner side, and the concave surface of the second curved portion faces the outer side. The radius of curvature of the second curved portion is smaller than the radius of curvature of the first curved portion, and the radius of curvature of the first curved portion is smaller than the radius of curvature of the third curved portion.

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