Method for improving rosin yield, quality and tapping efficiency based on rootstock-scion interaction

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of rosin utilization. The present invention provides a method for improving rosin yield, quality and tapping efficiency based on the interaction between rootstock and scion, comprising the following steps: (1) cultivating the rootstock to a height of 2.5-3.0 m; (2) selecting semi-lignified branches with current-year shoots as scions; (3) at the current-year shoot part of the rootstock 2.0-2.5 m above the ground, performing high-position grafting by bark grafting method, removing the top shoot of the rootstock and retaining all lateral branches; (4) cultivating the grafted plants, when the grafted plants grow to 10 years old and the diameter at breast height is greater than or equal to 16 cm, tapping at 1.9-2.0 m by the descending tapping method. The present invention applies the terpene secondary metabolism difference among Pinus species, and realizes a 35-50% increase in rosin yield, an improvement in rosin quality and a 2-3-fold increase in tapping efficiency through the small molecule exchange and transfer of the interaction between rootstock and scion among tree species.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of rosin utilization, and particularly to a method for improving rosin yield, quality and tapping efficiency based on the interaction between rootstock and scion. Background Technique

[0002] Rosin is a secondary metabolite of pine trees and is a terpene industrial product with extremely important economic value. China is a major producer of rosin, with its output and export volume accounting for 50% and 60% of the global total respectively. With the development of the times and the progress of science and technology, the utilization of rosin has shifted from the traditional two major bulk products of rosin and turpentine to refined and personalized utilization. Based on the characteristic components and differences of rosin from different pine tree species, the rootstock-scion interaction method invented by the project team is applied to achieve the deep processing and personalized customization of rosin.

[0003] Productivity and rosin quality are comprehensive evaluation indicators of high-quality rosin resources. First, in terms of rosin quality, the different rosin qualities of different pine species determine that their values ​​vary greatly. In 2021, the annual output value of crude rosin turpentine in my country was 11-12 billion yuan, and the output value of deep-processed products was 15-18 billion yuan; the rosin prices of bulk raw materials such as Masson pine, Simao pine and Elliot pine were 15,800, 14,500 and 11,300 yuan / ton (crude products), respectively, with a difference of 4,500 yuan per ton, and the value of deep-processed products differed even more. At present, more than 10 rosin products have been industrialized, including abietic acid rosin, pimaric acid / isopimaric acid rosin, southern pinic acid, α-pinene turpentine, β-pinene turpentine, 3-carene turpentine, limonene turpentine, β-phellandrene turpentine, longifolene / caryophyllene heavy turpentine, etc. The rosin quality ranking is Masson pine ≈ loblolly pine > Simiao pine ≈ Yunnan pine ≈ southern pine > elliott pine > Caribbean pine > wet pine. At present, the large-scale high-performance rosin resources include: (1) α-pinene content of Simiao pine ≥ 90%, α-pinene content of Masson pine and Pinus rapa ≥ 80%; (2) β-pinene content of Pinus elliottii 15-30%, β-pinene content of Simiao pine 20-40%; (3) Masson pine longifolia heavy turpentine turpentine content of 1.5%; (4) Simiao pine 3-carene turpentine content of 10-20%; (5) β-phellandrene turpentine content of Pinus rapa, Pinus caribbeanus and Pinus ripa were 19%, 10% and 8% respectively; (6) Marin acid rosin of Pinus elliottii 20-25%, isopimaric acid rosin of Pinus rapa 13-18%; (7) Pinus rapa sylvatica 10-20%. Second, in terms of rosin production, there are eight pine species in my country that can produce rosin on a large scale, and their rosin production capacity is ranked as follows: Pinus elliottii> Pinus elliottii> Pinus taeda> Pinus caribbeanus> Pinus massoniana≈Pinus taeda≈Pinus yunnanensis. Third, in terms of resin collection efficiency, rosin is composed of two major components: turpentine and rosin (for a more vivid and convenient understanding, turpentine is likened to a solvent and rosin to a solute). If the content of certain components in turpentine is high, it is easy to volatilize, resulting in the overall solid state of rosin (the solute overflows when the solvent evaporates less). Based on the above reasons, the different proportions of turpentine and rosin in different tree species form a variety of forms from liquid to solid, which ultimately leads to different harvesting characteristics. In actual production in the southern high-temperature areas, the visible rosin forms are as follows: Pinus massoniana, Pinus rapa, and Pinus taeda are solid, and Pinus elliottii, Pinus elliottii, Pinus caribbeanus, and Pinus taeda are liquid, which are essentially caused by the volatilization of turpentine. By taking advantage of the differences in pine resin components, the harvesting sites can be customized to liquid rosin species with lower turpentine content, which can significantly reduce harvesting costs. Based on comprehensive considerations of rosin quality, yield, and harvesting costs, how to accurately customize personalized rosin utilization plans between pine subgenera to obtain the desired high-value and high-priced rosin products has become an urgent problem to be solved. Summary of the invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a method for improving rosin yield, quality and tapping efficiency based on the interaction between rootstock and scion. Transpiration and photosynthesis maintain the growth of pine trees. First, water, inorganic salts, etc. are transported upward from the root through the transpiration pull of the xylem tracheids; second, organic substances, etc. are transported downward from the crown through photosynthesis by the sieve cells of the phloem. The precursors of rosin synthesis (isoprene, terpene synthase, etc.) are transported and exchanged bidirectionally (passive transport and active transport) under the action of transpiration and photosynthesis. On the premise of accurately grasping the differences in resin yield, components and characteristic components among different pine tree species, the tree species with high quality and high price are designed as "scions", and the tree species with high yield and high efficiency are designed as "rootstocks". The interaction between rootstock and scion breaks through the limitation of a single tree species and realizes the precise customization of resin-producing traits.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] The present invention provides a method for improving rosin yield, quality and tapping efficiency based on the interaction between rootstock and scion, comprising the following steps:

[0007] (1) Cultivate the rootstock to 2.5 - 3.0 m;

[0008] (2) Select semi-lignified branches with current-year shoots as scions;

[0009] (3) Conduct high-position grafting at the current-year shoot part of the rootstock 2.0 - 2.5 m above the ground, remove the top shoot of the rootstock, and retain all lateral branches to obtain grafted seedlings;

[0010] (4) Cultivate the grafted plants. When the grafted plants grow to 10 years old and the diameter at breast height is greater than or equal to 16 cm, adopt the descending tapping method to tap resin at 1.9 - 2.0 m.

[0011] Preferably, in step (1), the rootstock varieties are slash pine, Caribbean pine, South Asian pine, and hybrid of slash pine and Caribbean pine.

[0012] Preferably, in step (1), the rootstock tree age is 2 - 3 years.

[0013] Preferably, in step (2), the diameter of the scion is 1.0 - 1.5 cm, the length is 15 - 20 cm, and the scion varieties are masson pine, loblolly pine or pinus szemois.

[0014] Preferably, in step (3), the grafting time is from November to February of the following year or from April to May.

[0015] Preferably, in step (3), the grafting method is the bark grafting method.

[0016] Preferably, the post-grafting management method in step (3) is as follows: within 4 to 6 days after grafting, the interface cannot be wetted with water. After the scion starts to germinate and emerge, a small cut is made at the germinated bud. According to the growth of the rootstock, topping is carried out in 2 to 3 times to remove the rootstock above the grafting interface, ensuring the apical dominance of the scion.

[0017] Preferably, the method for cultivating grafted plants in step (4) is as follows: when the scion grows vigorously and the tree crown reaches more than 1 m, all the lateral branches of the main trunk below the grafting interface are removed.

[0018] Preferably, during resin tapping in step (4), the resin tapping load rate is less than 45%, the tapping angle is 30 degrees on both sides, and resin tapping is carried out once every 2 days or once every 3 days.

[0019] The present invention provides a method for improving the resin yield, quality and resin tapping efficiency based on the interaction between rootstock and scion, which includes the following steps: (1) cultivating the rootstock to 2.5 - 3.0 m; (2) selecting semi-lignified branches with current-year shoots as scions; (3) at the current-year shoot part of the rootstock 2.0 - 2.5 m above the ground, high-position grafting is carried out by the bark grafting method, removing the top shoot of the rootstock and retaining all lateral branches; (4) cultivating grafted seedlings with a tree crown and a trunk about 2 m as two different pine tree species. When the grafted seedlings grow to 10 years old and the diameter at breast height is greater than or equal to 16 cm, resin tapping is carried out by the descending resin tapping method at 1.9 - 2.0 m. The present invention applies the terpene secondary metabolism differences between pine tree species, and realizes a 35 - 50% increase in resin yield, an improvement in resin quality and a 2 - 3-fold increase in resin tapping efficiency through the small molecule exchange and transfer of the interaction between rootstock and scion among tree species. Description of the Drawings

[0020] Figure 1 A picture of resin tapping from Masson pine (solid resin);

[0021] Figure 2 Resin of Slash pine;

[0022] Figure 3 Resin of Masson pine;

[0023] Figure 4 Resin of Loblolly pine;

[0024] Figure 5 Chromatogram of resin components of main tree species (a Masson pine, b Slash pine, c scion (Masson pine), d rootstock (Slash pine));

[0025] Figure 6 Comparison of resin secretion from stumps (left: lower part of the stump, right: upper part of the stump);

[0026] Figure 7 Change of resin components with age due to the interaction between rootstock and scion;

[0027] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the downward resin tapping method;

[0028] Figure 9 It is a schematic diagram of customizing pine resin through the interaction between rootstock and scion (rootstock: slash pine, scions: from left to right, torch pine, masson pine, south Asian pine). Specific implementation method

[0029] The present invention provides a method for improving pine resin yield, quality and resin tapping efficiency based on the interaction between rootstock and scion, including the following steps:

[0030] (1) Cultivate the rootstock to 2.5 - 3.0 m;

[0031] (2) Select semi-lignified branches with current-year shoots as scions;

[0032] (3) Conduct high-position grafting at the current-year shoot part 2.0 - 2.5 m above the ground of the rootstock, remove the top shoot of the rootstock, and retain all lateral branches to obtain a grafted plant;

[0033] (4) Cultivate the grafted plant. When the grafted plant grows to 10 years old and the diameter at breast height is greater than or equal to 16 cm, conduct resin tapping at 1.9 - 2.0 m using the downward resin tapping method.

[0034] In the present invention, the variety of the rootstock in step (1) is preferably slash pine, Caribbean pine, south Asian pine, or slash Caribbean pine.

[0035] In the present invention, the tree age of the rootstock in step (1) is preferably 2 - 3 years.

[0036] In the present invention, the diameter of the scion in step (2) is preferably 1.0 - 1.5 cm, more preferably 1.2 - 1.3 cm, the length is preferably 15 - 20 cm, more preferably 17 - 18 cm, and the variety of the scion is preferably masson pine, torch pine, or Simao pine.

[0037] In the present invention, the grafting time in step (3) is preferably from November to February of the following year or from April to May, more preferably from December to January of the following year or from late April to early May.

[0038] In the present invention, the grafting method in step (3) is preferably the bark grafting method.

[0039] In the present invention, the post-grafting management method in step (3) is preferably: the interface cannot be touched by water within 4 - 6 days after grafting. After the scion bud germinates and begins to emerge, make a small cut at the germinated bud, and conduct topping 2 - 3 times according to the growth trend of the rootstock, removing the rootstock above the grafting interface to ensure the apical dominance of the scion.

[0040] In the present invention, the method for cultivating the grafted plants in step (4) is as follows: When the scion grows vigorously and the tree crown reaches more than 1 m, all the lateral branches of the main trunk below the grafting interface are removed.

[0041] In the present invention, when resin tapping is carried out in step (4), it is preferably that the resin tapping load rate is less than 45%, the double-sided tapping angle is 30 degrees, and resin tapping is carried out once every 2 days or once every 3 days.

[0042] The technical solutions provided by the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0043] Embodiment 1

[0044] A method for improving the yield, quality and resin tapping efficiency based on the interaction between rootstock and scion, comprising the following steps:

[0045] (1) Cultivate slash pine with a tree age of 2 years as the rootstock to 2.5 m;

[0046] (2) Select semi-lignified branches of masson pine with current-year shoots as the scion, the diameter of the scion is 1.0 cm, and the length is 20 cm;

[0047] (3) On November 10th, at the current-year shoot part 2.0 m above the ground of the rootstock, perform high-position grafting by the bark grafting method, remove the top shoot of the rootstock, and retain all the lateral branches to obtain the grafted plants. The interface cannot be touched by water within 4 days after grafting. After the scion buds and starts to emerge, make a small cut at the budding bud. Remove the rootstock above the grafting interface in 3 times according to the growth of the rootstock to ensure the apical dominance of the scion;

[0048] (4) Cultivate the grafted plants. When the scion grows vigorously and the tree crown reaches more than 1 m, all the lateral branches of the main trunk below the grafting interface are removed. When the grafted plants grow to 10 years old and the diameter at breast height is greater than or equal to 16 cm, perform resin tapping at 1.9 m by the descending resin tapping method. When resin tapping, the resin tapping load rate is less than 45%, the double-sided tapping angle is 30 degrees, and resin tapping is carried out once every 2 days.

[0049] Embodiment 2

[0050] A method for improving the yield, quality and resin tapping efficiency based on the interaction between rootstock and scion, comprising the following steps:

[0051] (1) Cultivate pinus latteri with a tree age of 3 years as the rootstock to 3.0 m;

[0052] (2) Select semi-lignified branches of loblolly pine with current-year shoots as the scion, the diameter of the scion is 1.5 cm, and the length is 15 cm;

[0053] (3) On February 15th of the year following the scion collection, a high-position grafting is carried out by bark grafting at the current year's shoot position 2.0 m above the ground of the rootstock. Remove the top shoot of the rootstock and retain all lateral branches to obtain a grafted plant. The interface cannot be touched by water within 6 days after grafting. After the scion buds sprout and start to emerge, make a small cut at the budding sprout. Remove the rootstock above the grafting interface in two times according to the growth trend of the rootstock to ensure the apical dominance of the scion;

[0054] (4) Cultivate the grafted plant. When the scion grows vigorously and the crown reaches more than 1 m, remove all the lateral branches on the main trunk below the grafting interface. When the grafted plant grows to 10 years old and the diameter at breast height is greater than or equal to 16 cm, resin tapping is carried out by the descending resin tapping method at 2.0 m. When resin tapping, the resin tapping load rate is less than 45%, the double-sided tapping angle is 30 degrees, and the resin tapping interval is once every 3 days.

[0055] Example 3

[0056] A method for improving rosin yield, quality and resin tapping efficiency based on rootstock-scion interaction, comprising the following steps:

[0057] (1) Cultivate the 3-year-old Caribbean pine used as the rootstock to 2.8 m;

[0058] (2) Select semi-lignified branches of Pinus szemois with current year's shoots as scions. The diameter of the scions is 1.3 cm and the length is 18 cm;

[0059] (3) On April 30th of the year following the scion collection, a high-position grafting is carried out by bark grafting at the current year's shoot position 2.3 m above the ground of the rootstock. Remove the top shoot of the rootstock and retain all lateral branches to obtain a grafted plant. The interface cannot be touched by water within 5 days after grafting. After the scion buds sprout and start to emerge, make a small cut at the budding sprout. Remove the rootstock above the grafting interface in three times according to the growth trend of the rootstock to ensure the apical dominance of the scion;

[0060] (4) Cultivate the grafted plant. When the scion grows vigorously and the crown reaches more than 1 m, remove all the lateral branches on the main trunk below the grafting interface. When the grafted plant grows to 10 years old and the diameter at breast height is greater than or equal to 16 cm, resin tapping is carried out by the descending resin tapping method at 1.9 m. When resin tapping, the resin tapping load rate is less than 45%, the double-sided tapping angle is 30 degrees, and the resin tapping interval is once every 3 days.

[0061] Test example

[0062] A method for improving rosin yield, quality and resin tapping efficiency based on rootstock-scion interaction, comprising the following steps:

[0063] (1) Select 1.5-year-old slash pine with a tree height of 2.7 m as the rootstock, and choose current-year shoot of masson pine with a diameter of 1.3 cm as the scion. Select a position on the rootstock where the diameter is slightly larger than the scion within the range of 2 - 2.5 m in tree height, and conduct high-position grafting using the bark grafting method. The interface should not be wetted within 5 days after grafting. After 35 days, when the scion shows germination and begins to emerge, use a sharp blade to cut a small opening near the germinated bud to help the bud grow. The cut should be as close to the bud point as possible and the opening should be as small as possible to avoid rainwater entering the interface inside the grafting film and causing waterlogging and rot. One and a half months after grafting, top the rootstock above the grafting interface in three times to promote the growth of the scion. Two months after grafting, when the scion sprouts new buds and the interface heals well, completely remove the grafting film. Cut off the rootstock within 7 days. When the scion grows well and vigorously, cut off all the rootstock above the grafting interface. One month later, the grafted plants can survive stably.

[0064] (2) Cultivate rootstock-scion interaction grafted plants with slash pine (below 2.5 m) as the rootstock and masson pine (above 2.5 m) as the scion until they reach 10 years old and the breast diameter reaches 16 cm.

[0065] (3) Conduct resin tapping using the descending resin tapping method at 2.1 m. The resin tapping load rate is 43%, the bilateral angle is 30 degrees, tap once every 3 days, and harvest resin once every about 15 days. Resin tapping can be continuously carried out for more than 33 years.

[0066] (1) In terms of rosin quality

[0067] The rosin of masson pine is mainly composed of monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and resin acids, while the rosin of slash pine is mainly composed of monoterpenes and resin acids (the presence or absence of sesquiterpenes in rosin is the most intuitive and obvious difference between masson pine and slash pine). In Table 1, rootstock-scion interaction refers to using slash pine as the rootstock and masson pine as the scion, and both the rootstock and scion of the control are masson pine. As can be seen from the table, through the gene small molecule exchange of rootstock-scion interaction in slash pine, the quality of rosin components is significantly improved. Among them, the content of α-pinene increased by 145.85%, the content of β-pinene decreased by 619.15%, and the content of isopimaric acid decreased by 580.32%. In the rootstock-scion interaction, the characteristic component of masson pine, longifolene (content 6.969%), and the characteristic component of slash pine, pinus elliottii acid (content 0.03%) also appeared. Among the main components of rosin, α-pinene has the highest economic value and utilization value. The rootstock-scion interaction increased the content of α-pinene by 145.85%, and the quality of rosin was significantly improved.

[0068] Table 1 Comparison of chemical composition of rosin from rootstock-scion interaction between masson pine and slash pine

[0069]

[0070]

[0071] As can be seen from Table 1, the quality of rosin is improved through rootstock-scion interaction gene exchange.

[0072] Figure 7 It shows the changes in the relative contents of the main chemical components of pine resin in the interaction between rootstock and scion of different ages. As the age of the grafted plants increases, the interaction between rootstock and scion is continuously strengthened. The most direct evidence is that the characteristic component of the scion masson pine in the figure, longifolene, is continuously increasing. As the age increases, the rootstock part (about 2 - 2.5 m) remains unchanged, but the scion part is continuously increasing, resulting in an increase in the proportion of "scion" in the interaction between rootstock and scion. The present invention designs the pine tree species with high-value components as the "scion", achieving continuous improvement in the quality of pine resin with age.

[0073] (2) In terms of resin production and tapping efficiency

[0074] For the interaction between rootstock and scion, the rootstock is slash pine (liquid state) and the scion is masson pine (solid state). For the control, both the scion and the rootstock are masson pine. The tree age is 17 years old. Table 2 compares the resin production and tapping efficiency of the interaction between rootstock and scion with the control.

[0075] (1) In terms of resin production (average of 3 tapping intervals): The resin production, average yield per plant, average yield per mu, gross income from pine resin, and net income of the interaction between rootstock and scion are 65.39%, 14.76%, 35.61%, 29.89%, and 110.52% higher than those of the control respectively.

[0076] (2) In terms of tapping efficiency: The upper limit of the resin production per person and the upper limit of the pine resin yield of the interaction between rootstock and scion are 71.43% and 103.04% higher than those of the control respectively.

[0077] Table 2 Analysis of the yield, output value, and cost of tapping under different treatments Age: 17a

[0078]

[0079] As can be seen from the above embodiments, the present invention provides a method for improving the yield, quality, and tapping efficiency of pine resin based on the interaction between rootstock and scion, including the following steps: (1) Cultivate the rootstock to 2.5 - 3.0 m; (2) Select semi-lignified branches with current-year shoots as the scion; (3) At the current-year shoot part of the rootstock 2.0 - 2.5 m above the ground, conduct high-position grafting using the bark grafting method, remove the top shoot of the rootstock, and retain all lateral branches; (4) Cultivate the grafted plants. When the grafted plants grow to 10 years old and the diameter at breast height is greater than or equal to 16 cm, conduct resin tapping using the descending tapping method at 1.9 - 2.0 m. The present invention applies the terpene secondary metabolism differences among pine tree species, and through the small molecule exchange and transfer in the interaction between rootstock and scion among tree species, realizes a 35 - 50% increase in pine resin yield, an improvement in pine resin quality, and a 2 - 3-fold increase in tapping efficiency.

[0080] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvements and refinements can be made, and these improvements and refinements should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for improving rosin yield, quality and tapping efficiency based on rootstock-scion interaction, characterized in that It includes the following steps: (1) Cultivate the rootstock to 2.5 - 3.0 m; (2) Select semi-lignified branches sprouted in the current year as scions; (3) Conduct high-position grafting at the part of the rootstock where shoots sprout in the current year, 2.0 - 2.5 m above the ground, remove the top shoot of the rootstock, and retain all lateral branches to obtain grafted plants; (4) Cultivate the grafted plants. When the grafted plants grow to 10 years old and the breast diameter is greater than or equal to 16 cm, resin tapping is carried out using the descending resin tapping method at 1.9 - 2.0 m; The variety of the rootstock is slash pine; the variety of the scion is masson pine; The quality is the content of α-pinene in the pine resin.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that In step (1), the rootstock is 2 - 3 years old.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that In step (2), the diameter of the scion is 1.0 - 1.5 cm and the length is 15 - 20 cm.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that In step (3), the grafting time is from November to February of the following year or from April to May.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that In step (3), the grafting method is the bark grafting method.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that In step (3), the post-grafting management method is as follows: The interface cannot be touched by water within 4 - 6 days after grafting. After the scion bud germinates and starts to emerge, make a small cut at the germinated bud. Remove the rootstock above the grafting interface in 2 - 3 times according to the growth trend of the rootstock to ensure the apical dominance of the scion.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that In step (4), the cultivation method of the grafted plants is as follows: When the scion grows vigorously and the crown reaches more than 1 m, all the lateral branches of the main trunk below the grafting interface are removed.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that In step (4), during resin tapping, the resin tapping load rate is less than 45%, the tapping angle is 30 degrees on both sides, and resin tapping is carried out once every 2 days or once every 3 days.

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