A multi-component composite aluminum alloy / ceramic protective material and its preparation method

Abstract

The present application discloses a multi-component composite aluminum alloy / ceramic protective material, comprising: a back plate, a front panel, and two or more aluminum alloy layers; wherein, the ceramic is a ceramic block; the ceramic block is embedded inside the aluminum alloy layer, and the front panel is jointly constituted by a surface of the ceramic block not covered by the aluminum alloy layer and the uppermost aluminum alloy layer; the uppermost aluminum alloy layer is a high-strength aluminum alloy; the back plate is a sub-strength aluminum alloy; the aluminum alloy layers are arranged alternately in the order of high strength and sub-strength from the front panel to the back plate. The thickness ratio of the back plate is 35-40%; the thickness ratio of the high-strength aluminum alloy layer connected to the back plate is 30-35%, the sum of the thickness ratios of the remaining high-strength layers is 20-25%, and the sum of the thickness ratios of the sub-strength layers is 5-10%. The ceramic-embedded front panel of the present application improves the strength and hardness of the front panel to achieve the effect of fragmenting projectiles; the multi-interface structure design achieves the effect of absorbing bullet shock waves and reflected waves; there is no ceramic back plate to hinder the crack propagation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of bulletproof armor design, and specifically relates to a multi-component composite aluminum alloy / ceramic protective material and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Armored steel has excellent anti-ballistic performance. In the early days, typical protective armors mainly used armored steel as the main material. However, with the upgrading of modern battlefields, the requirements for protective materials have gradually become diversified. "Lightweight and high strength" has become an important material selection basis for battlefield equipment. Driven by this demand, all-aluminum armors and various composite armors have gradually come into people's sight.

[0003] As a protective material, aluminum alloy armor can reduce weight by 20% compared with steel armor under the same anti-ballistic performance, and is currently widely used. However, a single aluminum alloy protective armor has the disadvantage of insufficient protective performance.

[0004] Ceramic protective materials have the characteristics of high hardness and low density, and can play an important role in ballistic protection. When impacted by a bullet, the bullet can be broken, and energy can be consumed due to wear during the penetration process. When impacted, it will break, enabling the bullet energy to be transferred and consumed over a larger area, making it very difficult for the bullet to penetrate the next protective layer. However, ceramic materials have the disadvantage of being fragile, which means that ceramics cannot resist multiple strikes and can only be used in combination with other armor materials.

[0005] The most common is the ceramic / aluminum alloy composite protective material, which mainly has excellent properties such as reliable structure, good protective performance, low weight and cost (mainly including the costs of materials and manufacturing), and can generally be applied to bulletproof occasions such as tanks, vehicles (such as armored vehicles and cash transport vehicles), ships and weapon helicopters. Its preparation methods mainly include gluing, mechanical fixing and various hot processing techniques (such as casting, hot pressing, etc.). Regarding ceramic / metal composite armor, it mainly includes basic types such as laminated composite (such as traditional double-layer, ceramic sandwich and multi-layer ceramic structures), ceramic-reinforced metal homogeneous composite, gradient composite, lateral constraint and three-dimensional constraint. Among them, the three-dimensional constraint type mainly uses a welded structure to fix ceramic plates and a hot processing technique to form a metal-encapsulated ceramic structure.

[0006] A prior art discloses a porous metal encapsulated ceramic composite protection plate and its preparation method. The composite protection plate includes at least one layer of ceramic core plate, and also includes a porous metal that wraps at least one layer of ceramic core plate and metallurgically bonds with it as a whole. Its preparation method includes: 1. Prepare the ceramic core plate; 2. Perform surface metallization treatment on the ceramic core plate; 3. Metallurgically bond the porous metal outside the ceramic core plate; 4. Process it into a composite plate with a preset external dimension. However, this method has relatively complex procedures; and it is produced by powder metallurgy method, and the material density of the powder metallurgy method is very low, the production efficiency is low, it is not suitable for making large components (thick plates, wide plates, etc.), and it is not applicable to mass industrial production.

[0007] There is also a ceramic armor structure with excellent bulletproof performance, which is a ceramic armor structure composed of an aluminum alloy honeycomb core plate structure body and a double-layer ceramic plate. Its surface layer is a bullet-facing ceramic plate, which is adhesively bonded. Since its panel (bullet-facing surface) uses a full ceramic panel, a single bullet will cause the panel to break, and its performance against multiple bullets is poor. Summary of the Invention

[0008] In order to solve the above deficiencies in the art, the present application aims to provide a multi-component composite aluminum alloy / ceramic protection material and its preparation method.

[0009] According to one aspect of the present application, there is provided a multi-component composite aluminum alloy / ceramic protection material, including: a back plate, a panel, and two or more layers of aluminum alloy layers;

[0010] Wherein, the ceramic is a ceramic block; the ceramic block is embedded inside the aluminum alloy layer, and the panel is jointly composed of a surface of the ceramic block not covered by the aluminum alloy layer and the uppermost aluminum alloy layer;

[0011] The uppermost aluminum alloy layer is a high-strength aluminum alloy; the back plate is a sub-strength aluminum alloy;

[0012] The aluminum alloy layers are arranged alternately in the order of high strength and sub-strength from the panel to the back plate.

[0013] The thickness ratio of the back plate is 35-40%;

[0014] The thickness ratio of the high-strength aluminum alloy layer connected to the back plate is 30-35%, the sum of the thickness ratios of the remaining high-strength layers is 20-25%, and the sum of the thickness ratios of the sub-strength layers is 5-10%.

[0015] According to some embodiments of the present application, the tensile strength of the high-strength aluminum alloy is ≥650 MPa.

[0016] According to some embodiments of the present application, the tensile strength of the sub-strength aluminum alloy is ≥500 MPa.

[0017] According to some embodiments of the present application, the shapes of the ceramic blocks include: cylinders, cubes, triangular prisms or hexahedrons.

[0018] According to some embodiments of the present application, the height of the ceramic blocks is 6 - 10 mm, and the spacing between the ceramic blocks is 1 - 2 mm.

[0019] According to some embodiments of the present application, when the ceramic block is a cylinder, the diameter is 12 - 15 mm.

[0020] According to some embodiments of the present application, when the ceramic block is square, triangular prism or hexagonal prism, the side length is 20 - 25 mm.

[0021] According to some embodiments of the present application, the materials of the ceramic blocks include silicon carbide, alumina or boron nitride.

[0022] According to another aspect of the present application, there is provided a method for preparing the above multi-component composite aluminum alloy / ceramic protective material, including:

[0023] Cover the aluminum alloy layers on the back plate alternately in the order of high strength and sub-strength, and perform hot rolling composite.

[0024] Perform uniform drilling on the aluminum alloy plate after hot rolling composite, and embed the ceramic blocks.

[0025] According to some embodiments of the present application, after the ceramic blocks are embedded, interference fit and gluing are adopted.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the present application has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0027] The present application provides a multi-component composite aluminum alloy / ceramic protective material. The panel uses high-strength aluminum alloy, and ceramic blocks are interference-fitted into the panel. The high-hardness ceramic serves as the panel, adopting an embedded structure. The ceramic occupies a large area on the panel, which can not only make full use of the anti-ballistic characteristics of the ceramic itself, but also increase the number of interfaces and improve the anti-multiple-bullet ability. When a bullet hits the panel, the high-strength panel can break the bullet. In the middle of the high-strength panel, one (or multiple) sub-strength aluminum alloy layers are added through rolling composite, and at the same time, the ceramic blocks pass through several layers of aluminum alloy to increase the interfaces inside the bulletproof plate. The increase in interfaces can improve the effect of the bulletproof plate absorbing the shock wave and reflection wave of the bullet. The aluminum alloy back plate without embedded ceramics can effectively hinder the crack propagation, thereby improving the overall protection performance of the bulletproof plate.

[0028] The ceramic-embedded panel of the present application improves the strength and hardness of the panel to achieve the effect of breaking the bullet; the multi-interface structural design achieves the effect of absorbing the shock wave and reflection wave of the bullet; the ceramic-free back plate hinders the crack propagation.

[0029] The present application provides a method for preparing a multi-component composite aluminum alloy / ceramic protective material. The production process of the rolling composite method is simpler than the powder metallurgy method commonly used in the prior art, and the cost is also lower than that of the powder metallurgy method. When produced by the rolling composite method, the density is high, the interfacial bonding is good, and the performance is superior to that of the materials produced by powder metallurgy. At the same time, the method of the present application can produce large components. Description of the Drawings

[0030] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the panel of the aluminum alloy / ceramic protective material of Example 1 of the present application.

[0031] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the aluminum alloy / ceramic protective material of Example 1 of the present application.

[0032] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the panel of the aluminum alloy / ceramic protective material of Example 2 of the present application.

[0033] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the aluminum alloy / ceramic protective material of Example 2 of the present application.

[0034] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the panel of the aluminum alloy / ceramic protective material of Example 3 of the present application.

[0035] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the aluminum alloy / ceramic protective material of Example 3 of the present application. Figure 7 Backplate damage diagram after the anti-ballistic performance test of the protective plate of Example 1 of the present application.

[0036] Figure 8 Backplate damage diagram after the anti-ballistic performance test of the protective plate of Example 2 of the present application.

[0037] Figure 9 Backplate damage diagram after the anti-ballistic performance test of the protective plate of Example 3 of the present application.

[0038] Figure 10 Backplate damage diagram after the anti-ballistic performance test of the protective plate of Comparative Example 1 of the present application.

[0039] Figure 11 Backplate damage diagram after the anti-ballistic performance test of the protective plate of Comparative Example 2 of the present application.

[0040] Figure 12 Backplate damage diagram after the anti-ballistic performance test of the protective plate of Comparative Example 3 of the present application. Detailed Description of the Invention

[0041] The technical solution of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present application.

[0042] It should be particularly noted that similar substitutions and modifications made to the present application are obvious to those skilled in the art, and they are all considered to be included in the present application. Relevant personnel can obviously make changes or appropriate variations and combinations to the methods and applications described herein without departing from the content, spirit and scope of the present application to implement and apply the technology of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all of the embodiments.

[0043] Unless otherwise specified in the present application, all are carried out according to conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. For the raw materials or excipients used, and for the reagents or instruments used without indicating the manufacturer, they are all conventional products that can be obtained through commercial purchase.

[0044] The present application will be described in detail below.

[0045] The present application provides a multi-component layer embedded ceramic / aluminum alloy bulletproof plate for vehicle protection. The front panel (bullet-facing surface) is machined and drilled. The front panel is made of high-strength aluminum alloy, and ceramic blocks are press-fitted and adhesively bonded with glue on the front panel. When a bullet hits the front panel, the high-strength front panel can break the bullet. In the middle of the high-strength front panel, a layer (or multiple layers) of medium-strength aluminum alloy is added by rolling composite, and at the same time, the ceramic blocks pass through several layers of aluminum alloy to increase the interfaces inside the bulletproof plate. The increase in interfaces can improve the effect of the bulletproof plate absorbing the shock wave and reflected wave of the bullet. The aluminum alloy back panel without embedded ceramics can effectively hinder the crack propagation, thereby improving the overall protection performance of the bulletproof plate.

[0046] A thin layer can also be covered on the surface of the front panel of the present application. The thin layer can be made of titanium alloy. The thickness of the thin layer only accounts for 1 / 5 (or less) of the total thickness, which can reduce the cost increase and weight increase caused by titanium replacing aluminum. At the same time, titanium can obtain better bulletproof protection performance than aluminum alloy. The ceramic can be silicon carbide or alumina. The ceramic blocks can be cylinders, cubes, triangular prisms, and hexahedrons. The height of the ceramic blocks is 6-10 mm, the ceramic spacing is 1-2 mm, and they are closely arranged. The diameter of the cylindrical ceramic is 12-15 mm, and the side length of the square, triangular prism, and hexagonal prism ceramics is 20-25 mm. The ceramic can be selected from silicon carbide, alumina, or boron nitride.

[0047] The manufacturing method of the multi-component composite aluminum alloy / ceramic protective material of the present application includes the following steps:

[0048] Step 1: Prepare materials. Ceramics, two (or more) aluminum alloy plates with different properties;

[0049] Step 2: Hot rolling composite. Design according to the thickness of the finished product, and carry out hot rolling composite according to a certain ratio;

[0050] Step 3: Mechanical drilling + ceramic block embedding. Uniformly drill holes on the panel of the bulletproof plate by mechanical processing, and embed the ceramic blocks, using interference fit + adhesive.

[0051] For the multi-component composite aluminum alloy / ceramic protective material of the present application, the panel (bullet-facing surface) is made of high-strength aluminum alloy, and the back panel (back bullet surface) is made of sub-strength aluminum alloy, which are arranged alternately in order of high strength and sub-strength from the panel to the back panel.

[0052] The proportion of the back panel layer is 35-40%; the proportion of the high-strength aluminum alloy layer connected to the back panel layer is 30-35%; the sum of the proportions of the remaining high-strength layers is 20-25%. When the remaining high-strength layers are multiple layers, the proportion is evenly divided; the sum of the proportions of the remaining sub-strength layers is 5-10%. When the remaining sub-strength layers are multiple layers, the proportion is evenly divided. The tensile strength of the high-strength aluminum alloy is ≥650 MPa; the tensile strength of the sub-strength aluminum alloy is ≥500 MPa.

[0053] Example 1:

[0054] For the multi-component composite aluminum alloy / ceramic protective material of the present application, the schematic diagram of the panel is shown in Figure 3 , and the schematic diagram of the side is shown in Figure 4 . The specific steps of the preparation process are as follows:

[0055] (1) Material preparation:

[0056] ① Aluminum alloy 1 (the alloy materials of 1-1 and 1-2 are the same, the thickness of 1-1 is 85 mm, and the thickness of 1-2 is 135 mm), select high-strength aluminum alloy (such as 7A60, tensile strength ≥700 MPa, elongation ≥5%);

[0057] ② Aluminum alloy 2 (the alloy materials of 2-1 and 2-2 are the same, the thickness of 2-1 is 25 mm, and the thickness of 2-2 is 155 mm), select sub-high-strength aluminum alloy (such as 7075, tensile strength ≥550 MPa, elongation ≥12%);

[0058] ③ Alumina ceramic with a diameter of 12 mm, a height of 10 mm, Vickers hardness ≥25 GPa, compressive strength ≥2500 MPa, and elastic modulus ≥390 GPa.

[0059] (2) Rolling composite:

[0060] Four aluminum alloy plates (Aluminum alloy 1-1, 1-2, 2-1, 2-2) are hot-rolled and compounded to 20 mm. Among them, the thickness of Aluminum alloy 1-1 is 4 mm, the thickness of Aluminum alloy 1-2 is 7 mm; the thickness of Aluminum alloy 2-1 is 1 mm, and the thickness of Aluminum alloy 2-2 is 8 mm. Subsequently, solution aging treatment is carried out.

[0061] (3) Mechanical drilling + ceramic block embedding:

[0062] Mechanical drilling is carried out on the panel of the bulletproof plate, and ceramic blocks are embedded, using interference fit + glue. The spacing between ceramic blocks is 2 mm.

[0063] Example 2:

[0064] For the multi-component composite aluminum alloy / ceramic protective material of this application, the schematic diagram of the panel is shown in Figure 3 , and the schematic diagram of the side is shown in Figure 4 . The specific steps of the preparation process are as follows:

[0065] (1) Material preparation:

[0066] ① Aluminum alloy 1 (the alloy materials of 1-1, 1-2 and 1-3 are the same, the thickness of 1-1 is 45 mm, the thickness of 1-2 is 45 mm, and the thickness of 1-3 is 135 mm), select high-strength aluminum alloy (such as 7A60, tensile strength ≥ 700 MPa, elongation ≥ 5%);

[0067] ② Aluminum alloy 2 (the alloy materials of 2-1, 2-2 and 2-3 are the same, the thickness of 2-1 is 15 mm, the thickness of 2-2 is 15 mm, and the thickness of 2-3 is 140 mm), select sub-high-strength aluminum alloy (such as 7075, tensile strength ≥ 550 MPa, elongation ≥ 12%);

[0068] ③ Alumina ceramic with a diameter of 12 mm, a height of 10 mm, Vickers hardness ≥ 25 GPa, compressive strength ≥ 2500 MPa, and elastic modulus ≥ 390 GPa.

[0069] (2) Rolling compounding:

[0070] Six aluminum alloy plates (Aluminum alloy 1-1, 1-2, 1-3, 2-1, 2-2, 2-3) are hot-rolled and compounded to 30 mm. Among them, the thickness of Aluminum alloy 1-1 is 3.5 mm, the thickness of Aluminum alloy 1-2 is 3.5 mm, and the thickness of Aluminum alloy 1-3 is 10 mm; the thickness of Aluminum alloy 2-1 is 1 mm, the thickness of Aluminum alloy 2-2 is 1 mm, and the thickness of Aluminum alloy 2-3 is 11 mm. Subsequently, solution aging treatment is carried out.

[0071] (3) Mechanical drilling + ceramic block embedding:

[0072] Mechanical drilling is carried out on the panel of the bulletproof plate, and ceramic blocks are embedded, using interference fit + adhesive bonding. The spacing between the ceramic blocks is 2 mm.

[0073] Example 3:

[0074] For the multi-component composite aluminum alloy / ceramic protective material of this application, the schematic diagram of the panel is shown in Figure 5 , and the schematic diagram of the side is shown in Figure 6 . The specific steps of the preparation process are as follows:

[0075] (1) Material preparation:

[0076] ① Aluminum alloy 1 (the alloy materials of 1-1 and 1-2 are the same, the thickness of 1-1 is 85 mm, and the thickness of 1-2 is 135 mm), select high-strength aluminum alloy (such as 7A60, tensile strength ≥ 700 MPa, elongation ≥ 5%);

[0077] ② Aluminum alloy 2 (the alloy materials of 2-1 and 2-2 are the same, the thickness of 2-1 is 25 mm, and the thickness of 2-2 is 155 mm), select sub-high-strength aluminum alloy (such as 7075, tensile strength ≥ 550 MPa, elongation ≥ 12%);

[0078] ③ Square ceramic with a side length of 20 mm, height of 8 mm, Vickers hardness ≥ 26 GPa, compressive strength ≥ 2550 MPa, elastic modulus ≥ 400 GPa.

[0079] (2) Rolling composite:

[0080] Four aluminum alloy plates (aluminum alloy 1-1, 1-2, 2-1, 2-2) are hot-rolled and compounded to 20 mm. Among them, the thickness of aluminum alloy 1-1 is 4 mm, the thickness of aluminum alloy 1-2 is 7 mm; the thickness of aluminum alloy 2-1 is 1 mm, and the thickness of aluminum alloy 2-2 is 8 mm. Subsequently, solution aging treatment is carried out.

[0081] (3) Mechanical drilling + ceramic block embedding:

[0082] Mechanical drilling is carried out on the panel of the bulletproof plate, and ceramic blocks are embedded, using interference fit + adhesive bonding. The spacing between the ceramic blocks is 2 mm.

[0083] Comparative example 1 (the composite ratio is not within the scope of this application)

[0084] (1) Material preparation:

[0085] ① Aluminum alloy 1 (the alloy materials of 1-1 and 1-2 are the same, the thickness of 1-1 is 55 mm, and the thickness of 1-2 is 55 mm), select high-strength aluminum alloy (such as 7A60, tensile strength ≥ 700 MPa, elongation ≥ 5%);

[0086] ② Aluminum alloy 2 (the alloy materials of 2-1 and 2-2 are the same, the thickness of 2-1 is 85 mm, and the thickness of 2-2 is 200 mm), and a sub-high-strength aluminum alloy is selected (such as 7075, tensile strength ≥ 550 MPa, elongation ≥ 12%);

[0087] ③ Alumina ceramic with a diameter of 12 mm, a height of 10 mm, Vickers hardness ≥ 25 GPa, compressive strength ≥ 2500 MPa, and elastic modulus ≥ 390 GPa.

[0088] (2) Rolling composite:

[0089] Four aluminum alloy plates (aluminum alloys 1-1, 1-2, 2-1, and 2-2) are hot-rolled and compounded to 20 mm. Among them, the thickness of aluminum alloy 1-1 is 3 mm, the thickness of aluminum alloy 1-2 is 3 mm; the thickness of aluminum alloy 2-1 is 4 mm, and the thickness of aluminum alloy 2-2 is 10 mm. Subsequently, solution aging treatment is carried out.

[0090] (3) Mechanical drilling + ceramic block embedding:

[0091] Mechanical drilling is carried out on the panel of the bulletproof plate, and the ceramic blocks are embedded, using interference fit + adhesive. The spacing of the ceramic blocks is 2 mm.

[0092] Comparative example 2 (using the same aluminum alloy material for different layers)

[0093] (1) Material preparation:

[0094] ① A high-strength aluminum alloy is selected (such as 7A60, tensile strength ≥ 700 MPa, elongation ≥ 5%), with a thickness of 20 mm, and solution aging treatment is carried out;

[0095] ② Alumina ceramic with a diameter of 12 mm, a height of 10 mm, Vickers hardness ≥ 25 GPa, compressive strength ≥ 2500 MPa, and elastic modulus ≥ 390 GPa.

[0096] (2) Mechanical drilling + ceramic block embedding:

[0097] Mechanical drilling is carried out on the panel of the bulletproof plate, and the ceramic blocks are embedded, using interference fit + adhesive. The spacing of the ceramic blocks is 2 mm.

[0098] Comparative example 3 (the ceramic size and spacing are not within the scope of this application)

[0099] (1) Material preparation:

[0100] ① Aluminum alloy 1 (the alloy materials of 1-1 and 1-2 are the same, the thickness of 1-1 is 85 mm, and the thickness of 1-2 is 135 mm), and a high-strength aluminum alloy is selected (such as 7A60, tensile strength ≥ 700 MPa, elongation ≥ 5%);

[0101] ② Aluminum alloy 2 (alloys 2-1 and 2-2 are made of the same material, with 2-1 having a thickness of 25 mm and 2-2 having a thickness of 155 mm). Select a sub-high-strength aluminum alloy (such as 7075, with a tensile strength ≥ 550 MPa and an elongation rate ≥ 12%).

[0102] ③ Alumina ceramic with a diameter of Φ20 mm, a height of 12 mm, a Vickers hardness ≥ 25 GPa, a compressive strength ≥ 2500 MPa, and an elastic modulus ≥ 390 GPa.

[0103] (2) Rolling composite:

[0104] Hot-roll and composite 4 aluminum alloy plates (aluminum alloys 1-1, 1-2, 2-1, and 2-2) to 20 mm. Among them, the thickness of aluminum alloy 1-1 is 4 mm, the thickness of aluminum alloy 1-2 is 7 mm; the thickness of aluminum alloy 2-1 is 1 mm, and the thickness of aluminum alloy 2-2 is 8 mm. Subsequently, solution aging treatment is carried out.

[0105] (3) Mechanical drilling + ceramic block embedding:

[0106] Carry out mechanical drilling on the panel of the anti-ballistic plate and embed the ceramic blocks, using interference fit + adhesive. The spacing between the ceramic blocks is 3 mm.

[0107] Experimental example

[0108] Conduct anti-ballistic performance target tests on the composite plates prepared in the above-mentioned examples and comparative examples with 7.62 mm armor-piercing incendiary bullets. Fire three bullets at each composite plate, and the test results are shown in Table 1.

[0109] Table 1 Anti-ballistic performance test results

[0110]

[0111] The above results show that the composite plate of the example has a better bulletproof effect and can prevent multiple bullets. The composite plates of Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 have a poor bulletproof effect. The damage area of Comparative Example 3 is large, and the effect of preventing multiple bullets is poor. The damage effect diagram is shown in Figures 7 - 12 .

[0112] The description of the above examples is only used to help understand the method of this application and its core idea. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art of this technology, without departing from the principle of this application, several improvements and modifications can also be made to this application, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the protection scope of the claims of this application.

Claims

1. A multi-component composite aluminum alloy / ceramic protective material, characterized in that, Including: A back panel, a front panel, and two or more layers of aluminum alloy layers; Wherein, the ceramic is a ceramic block; the ceramic block is embedded inside the aluminum alloy layer, and the front panel is jointly constituted by the surface of the ceramic block not covered by the aluminum alloy layer and the uppermost aluminum alloy layer; the back panel does not have the ceramic block embedded; The uppermost aluminum alloy layer is a high-strength aluminum alloy; the back panel is a sub-strength aluminum alloy; From the front panel to the back panel, they are alternately arranged as high-strength aluminum alloy and sub-strength aluminum alloy; The thickness of the back panel accounts for 35 - 40%; The thickness of the high-strength aluminum alloy layer connected to the back panel accounts for 30 - 35%, and the sum of the proportions of the remaining high-strength layers is 20 - 25%. When the remaining high-strength layers are multiple layers, the proportions are evenly divided. The sum of the thickness proportions of the sub-strength layers is 5 - 10%. When the sub-strength layers are multiple layers, the proportions are evenly divided; Wherein, the height of the ceramic block is 6 - 10 mm, and the distance between the ceramic blocks is 1 - 2 mm.

2. The protective material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The tensile strength of the high-strength aluminum alloy is ≥650 MPa.

3. The protective material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The tensile strength of the sub-strength aluminum alloy is ≥500 MPa.

4. The protective material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The shapes of the ceramic blocks include: cylinder, cube, triangular prism, or hexagonal prism.

5. The protective material according to claim 4, wherein When the ceramic block is a cylinder, the diameter is 12 - 15 mm.

6. The protective material according to claim 4, characterized in that, When the ceramic block is a cube, triangular prism, or hexagonal prism, the side length is 20 - 25 mm.

7. The protective material according to claim 4, characterized in that, The materials of the ceramic blocks include silicon carbide, alumina, or boron nitride.

8. The preparation method of the multi-component composite aluminum alloy / ceramic protective material according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, Including: From the front panel to the back panel, they are alternately arranged in the order of high-strength aluminum alloy and sub-strength aluminum alloy for hot rolling and compounding; Uniform holes are drilled on the aluminum alloy plate after hot rolling and compounding, and the ceramic blocks are embedded; after the ceramic blocks are embedded, interference fit and gluing are adopted.

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