A method for removing a poorly soluble coating from the surface of a titanium-based lead dioxide anode

Abstract

The application discloses a method for removing a hard-to-dissolve covering layer on the surface of a titanium-based lead dioxide anode, which comprises the following steps: softening treatment of the hard-to-dissolve covering layer on the surface of the titanium-based lead dioxide anode by using sodium hexametaphosphate or citric acid, and then complexing removal of the hard-to-dissolve covering layer on the surface of the titanium-based lead dioxide anode by using an alkaline solution containing potassium sodium tartrate under the assistance of ultrasonic waves. The method is simple in operation, and can simply and quickly remove the dense hard-to-dissolve covering layer deposited on the surface of the titanium-based lead dioxide anode without damaging the coating of the titanium-based lead dioxide anode, thereby improving current efficiency, reducing power consumption, prolonging the service life of the titanium-based lead dioxide anode and achieving the purpose of energy-saving and consumption-reducing production.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of surface treatment of titanium anodes, and particularly relates to a method for removing a hard-to-dissolve covering layer on the surface of a titanium-based lead dioxide anode. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the copper electrolytic refining process, the concentration of copper ions and impurities in the electrolyte gradually increases, and the concentration of free acid decreases. In order to maintain the stability of the electrolyte composition, a portion of the electrolyte is extracted for purification at a certain proportion, and the excessive copper and impurities exceeding the limit are removed. The purified residual acid is returned to the electrolytic system for recycling to ensure the normal operation of the electrolytic production and the quality of the cathode copper product. The purification of copper electrolyte usually adopts electrodeposition method, and after the copper ions are reduced to a certain range by multi-stage electrolytic copper removal, the impurities will be precipitated on the cathode together with the copper. As one of the important components in the electrodeposition process, the anode material not only directly affects the power consumption and electrode life, but also has a great influence on the quality and yield of the cathode product. The anode for copper electrodeposition mainly includes traditional lead-based alloy anode and new type titanium-based lead dioxide anode. The traditional lead-based alloy anode has problems such as easy corrosion and deformation, low purity of cathode product, high labor intensity, and much anode mud, while the new type titanium-based lead dioxide anode is stable in shape and size, light in weight, not easy to bend and deform, and strong in corrosion resistance. Therefore, the new type titanium-based lead dioxide anode gradually becomes a substitute material for the traditional lead-based alloy, and is widely used in the field of copper electrodeposition. After being used for a period of time, the new type titanium-based lead dioxide anode will generate some dense hard-to-dissolve oxide covering layers of arsenic, antimony and bismuth on the surface. With the extension of the use time, the covering layer continuously deposits and thickens, thereby causing the passivation of the anode, poor conductivity, high power consumption, short service life of the anode, and low quality of the cathode copper, which causes waste of resources.

[0003] Patent CN106835163A discloses a cleaning process for the precious metal coating film on the surface of a titanium anode, which includes the following steps: acetic acid solution immersion washing: immersing the titanium anode in an acetic acid solution, taking out the titanium anode after 4-6 hours, and rinsing with clean water until the white covering layer on the surface of the titanium anode is exposed; sodium bicarbonate EDTA solution immersion washing; one-time sodium hydroxide solution immersion washing; fluorosilicic acid solution immersion washing; and two-time sodium hydroxide solution immersion washing. However, the process flow needs to be immersed in five different solutions, the operation is complex, the use of fluorosilicic acid will emit toxic fluoride gas upon heating decomposition, which is harmful to the human body and the environment, and the scheme is mainly aimed at the titanium anode with platinum group precious metal salt coating, and the scope of use is limited. At present, there is no related patent or literature reported about the method for removing the hard-to-dissolve covering layer on the surface of the titanium-based lead dioxide for copper electrodeposition. SUMMARY

[0004] In view of the above-mentioned defects in the prior art, the purpose of the present application is to provide a method for removing the insoluble covering layer on the surface of a titanium-based lead dioxide anode, which removes the insoluble covering layer on the surface of a titanium-based lead dioxide anode for copper electrowinning in the prior art under the premise of not causing damage to the titanium-based lead dioxide coating, has the characteristics of reducing power consumption, improving the service life of the titanium-based lead dioxide anode for copper electrowinning, and achieving the characteristics of energy saving and consumption reduction in production.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose of the application, the technical solution adopted by the present application is as follows:

[0006] A method for removing the insoluble covering layer on the surface of a titanium-based lead dioxide anode, comprising the following steps:

[0007] Step 1: soaking the titanium-based lead dioxide anode in a softening agent, rinsing with clean water after soaking for 1-3 hours, until the white insoluble covering layer on the surface of the titanium-based lead dioxide anode is exposed;

[0008] Step 2: mixing potassium sodium tartrate, an alkaline solution and deionized water, stirring uniformly to obtain a mixed solution;

[0009] Step 3: heating the mixed solution in step 2, the heating temperature is 50-60 DEG C, and the titanium-based lead dioxide anode in step 1 is immersed in the heated mixed solution and subjected to ultrasonic oscillation;

[0010] Step 4: using a high-pressure water gun to rinse the surface of the titanium-based lead dioxide anode treated in step 3, and using a soft brush to repeatedly flush the crevice of the rinsed titanium-based lead dioxide anode surface until the black electrode surface is exposed, thereby obtaining the titanium-based lead dioxide anode body.

[0011] The softening agent is a sodium hexametaphosphate solution or a citric acid solution.

[0012] The mass fraction of the softening agent is 3%-5%.

[0013] The mass fraction of potassium sodium tartrate in the mixed solution in step 3 is 5%-10%, and the mass fraction of the alkaline solution is 3%-5%.

[0014] The alkaline solution is sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide.

[0015] The ultrasonic oscillation time in step 3 is 10-180 minutes.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0017] 1. The present application can remove the insoluble covering layer on the surface of the titanium-based lead dioxide anode by soaking the titanium-based lead dioxide anode containing the insoluble covering layer in an alkaline solution containing potassium sodium tartrate, and then using a soft brush, which is simple in operation and short in removal time.

[0018] 2. The application preferentially uses a softening agent to treat before removing the insoluble covering layer on the surface of the titanium-based lead dioxide anode, thereby reducing the consumption of chemical reagents in subsequent steps.

[0019] 3. The application places the titanium-based lead dioxide anode in a tartaric acid potassium sodium-containing alkaline solution and performs ultrasonic oscillation, the tartaric acid potassium sodium-containing alkaline solution generates tiny bubbles, which continuously impact the pores or gaps of the insoluble covering layer on the surface of the titanium-based lead dioxide anode, deepens the complex reaction of the insoluble covering layer on the surface of the titanium-based lead dioxide anode with the tartaric acid potassium sodium-containing alkaline solution, and improves the removal efficiency.

[0020] 4. The tartaric acid potassium sodium used in the application does not cause damage to the titanium-based lead dioxide anode after the removal of the insoluble covering layer in the alkaline solution, thereby ensuring that the titanium-based lead dioxide anode after the removal of the insoluble covering layer still has a high current efficiency.

[0021] In summary, the application removes the insoluble covering layer on the surface of the titanium-based lead dioxide anode simply and effectively without damaging the titanium-based lead dioxide coating under the premise of ultrasonic-assisted chemical reagent complexation, reduces power consumption, prolongs the service life of the titanium-based lead dioxide anode for copper electrowinning, and achieves the purpose of energy-saving and consumption-reducing production.

[0022] DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 is a flowchart of the method for removing the insoluble covering layer on the surface of the titanium-based lead dioxide anode of the application.

[0024] Figure 2 is an SEM image of the insoluble covering layer on the surface of the titanium-based lead dioxide anode of the application.

[0025] Figure 3 is an EDS image of the insoluble covering layer on the surface of the titanium-based lead dioxide anode of the application, wherein, Figure 3 (a) is an energy spectrum diagram, Figure 3 (b) is an element type table.

[0026] Figure 4 is an EDS-mapping image of the insoluble covering layer on the surface of the titanium-based lead dioxide anode of the application.

[0027] Figure 5 is an SEM image of the titanium-based lead dioxide anode after the removal of the insoluble covering layer on the surface of the titanium-based lead dioxide anode of the application.

[0028] Figure 6 is an EDS image of the titanium-based lead dioxide anode after the removal of the insoluble covering layer on the surface of the titanium-based lead dioxide anode of the application, wherein, Figure 6 (a) is an energy spectrum diagram, Figure 6 (b) is an element type table.

[0029] Figure 7 XRD pattern of the dissolved hard-to-dissolve coating layer of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present application, but not all the embodiments.

[0031] A method for removing hard-to-dissolve coating layer on the surface of a titanium-based lead dioxide anode, comprising the following steps:

[0032] Step 1: immerse the titanium-based lead dioxide anode in a container containing a softening agent, rinse with clean water after 1-3 hours of immersion until the white hard-to-dissolve coating layer on the surface of the titanium-based lead dioxide anode is exposed; the softening agent is a sodium hexametaphosphate solution or a citric acid solution, and the mass fraction of the softening agent is 3%-5%;

[0033] Step 2: add potassium sodium tartrate, an alkaline solution and deionized water into the container, and stir uniformly to obtain a mixed solution; the mass fraction of potassium sodium tartrate in the mixed solution is 5%-10%, and the mass fraction of the alkaline solution is 3%-5%; the alkaline solution is sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide;

[0034] Step 3: heat the mixed solution in step 2 to a temperature of 50-60℃, and immerse the titanium-based lead dioxide anode in step 2 into the heated mixed solution and perform ultrasonic oscillation for 10-180 minutes;

[0035] Step 4: use a high-pressure water gun to rinse the surface of the titanium-based lead dioxide anode treated in step 3, so that most of the white hard-to-dissolve coating layer on the surface of the titanium-based lead dioxide anode falls off, and then use a soft brush to brush off the white or yellowish hard-to-dissolve substances remaining in the gaps on the surface of the titanium-based lead dioxide anode until the black electrode surface is exposed, thereby obtaining the titanium-based lead dioxide anode body.

[0036] The following further illustrates the embodiments with specific examples:

[0037] Example 1

[0038] A method for removing hard-to-dissolve coating layer on the surface of a titanium-based lead dioxide anode, comprising the following steps:

[0039] Step 1: immerse the titanium-based lead dioxide anode with a thin (≤0.5 mm) hard-to-dissolve coating layer on the surface into a container containing a citric acid solution, rinse with clean water after 2 hours of immersion until the white hard-to-dissolve coating layer on the surface of the titanium-based lead dioxide anode is exposed; the mass fraction of the citric acid solution is 4%;

[0040] Step 2: Potassium sodium tartrate, sodium hydroxide and deionized water are added into a container and stirred uniformly to obtain a mixed solution; the mass fraction of potassium sodium tartrate in the mixed solution is 10%, and the mass fraction of sodium hydroxide is 5%;

[0041] Step 3: The mixed solution in step 2 is heated, and the heating temperature is 55°C; the titanium-based lead dioxide anode in step 2 is immersed in the heated mixed solution for ultrasonic oscillation, and the ultrasonic oscillation time is 20 min;

[0042] Step 4: The titanium-based lead dioxide anode surface treated in step 3 is washed using a high-pressure water gun, and most of the white insoluble covering layer on the titanium-based lead dioxide anode surface falls off, and then the residual white or yellowish insoluble matter in the gaps on the titanium-based lead dioxide anode surface is brushed off using a soft brush until the black electrode surface is exposed, thereby obtaining a titanium-based lead dioxide anode body.

[0043] Example 2

[0044] A method for removing the insoluble covering layer on the surface of a titanium-based lead dioxide anode, comprising the following steps:

[0045] Step 1: The titanium-based lead dioxide anode with a thin (≤0.5 mm) insoluble covering layer on the surface is soaked in a container containing a sodium hexametaphosphate solution, and then washed with clean water after soaking for 3 h until the white insoluble covering layer on the titanium-based lead dioxide anode surface is exposed; the mass fraction of the citric acid solution is 5%;

[0046] Step 2: Potassium sodium tartrate, sodium hydroxide and deionized water are added into a container and stirred uniformly to obtain a mixed solution; the mass fraction of potassium sodium tartrate in the mixed solution is 10%, and the mass fraction of sodium hydroxide is 5%;

[0047] Step 3: The mixed solution in step 2 is heated, and the heating temperature is 60°C; the titanium-based lead dioxide anode in step 2 is immersed in the heated mixed solution for ultrasonic oscillation, and the ultrasonic oscillation time is 10 min;

[0048] Step 4: The titanium-based lead dioxide anode surface treated in step 3 is washed using a high-pressure water gun, and most of the white insoluble covering layer on the titanium-based lead dioxide anode surface falls off, and then the residual white or yellowish insoluble matter in the gaps on the titanium-based lead dioxide anode surface is brushed off using a soft brush until the black electrode surface is exposed, thereby obtaining a titanium-based lead dioxide anode body.

[0049] Example 3

[0050] A method for removing the insoluble covering layer on the surface of a titanium-based lead dioxide anode, comprising the following steps:

[0051] Step 1: immerse the titanium-based lead dioxide anode with a thin (≤0.5mm) surface insoluble covering layer in a container containing a citric acid solution, rinse with clean water after 1h of immersion until the white insoluble covering layer on the surface of the titanium-based lead dioxide anode is exposed; the mass fraction of the citric acid solution is 3%;

[0052] Step 2: add potassium sodium tartrate, sodium hydroxide and deionized water into the container and stir until a mixed solution is obtained; the mass fraction of potassium sodium tartrate in the mixed solution is 5%, and the mass fraction of sodium hydroxide is 3%;

[0053] Step 3: heat the mixed solution in step 2, and the heating temperature is 50℃; immerse the titanium-based lead dioxide anode in step 2 into the heated mixed solution and perform ultrasonic oscillation, and the ultrasonic oscillation time is 30min;

[0054] Step 4: use a high-pressure water gun to rinse the surface of the titanium-based lead dioxide anode treated in step 3, most of the white insoluble covering layer on the surface of the titanium-based lead dioxide anode falls off, then use a soft brush to brush off the white or yellowish insoluble substances remaining in the gaps on the surface of the titanium-based lead dioxide anode until the black electrode surface is exposed, and the titanium-based lead dioxide anode body is obtained.

[0055] Example 4

[0056] A method for removing the surface insoluble covering layer of a titanium-based lead dioxide anode, comprising the following steps:

[0057] Step 1: immerse the titanium-based lead dioxide anode with a thin (≤0.5mm) surface insoluble covering layer in a container containing a sodium hexametaphosphate solution, rinse with clean water after 2h of immersion until the white insoluble covering layer on the surface of the titanium-based lead dioxide anode is exposed; the mass fraction of the sodium hexametaphosphate solution is 4%;

[0058] Step 2: add potassium sodium tartrate, sodium hydroxide and deionized water into the container and stir until a mixed solution is obtained; the mass fraction of potassium sodium tartrate in the mixed solution is 8%, and the mass fraction of sodium hydroxide is 4%;

[0059] Step 3: heat the mixed solution in step 3, and the heating temperature is 55℃; immerse the titanium-based lead dioxide anode in step 2 into the heated mixed solution and perform ultrasonic oscillation, and the ultrasonic oscillation time is 10min;

[0060] Step 4: use a high-pressure water gun to rinse the surface of the titanium-based lead dioxide anode treated in step 3, most of the white insoluble covering layer on the surface of the titanium-based lead dioxide anode falls off, then use a soft brush to brush off the white or yellowish insoluble substances remaining in the gaps on the surface of the titanium-based lead dioxide anode until the black electrode surface is exposed, and the titanium-based lead dioxide anode body is obtained.

[0061] Example 5

[0062] A method for removing the insoluble covering layer on the surface of a titanium-based lead dioxide anode, comprising the following steps:

[0063] Step 1: immerse the titanium-based lead dioxide anode with a thin (≤0.5 mm) insoluble covering layer on the surface in a container containing a citric acid solution, rinse with clean water after 2.5 h of immersion until the white insoluble covering layer on the surface of the titanium-based lead dioxide anode is exposed; the mass fraction of the citric acid solution is 4%;

[0064] Step 2: add potassium sodium tartrate, potassium hydroxide and deionized water to the container and stir until uniform to obtain a mixed solution; the mass fraction of potassium sodium tartrate in the mixed solution is 6%, and the mass fraction of potassium hydroxide is 4%;

[0065] Step 3: heat the mixed solution in Step 2 to a temperature of 55°C; immerse the titanium-based lead dioxide anode in Step 2 in the heated mixed solution and perform ultrasonic oscillation for 10 min;

[0066] Step 4: use a high-pressure water gun to rinse the titanium-based lead dioxide anode treated in Step 3, most of the white insoluble covering layer on the surface of the titanium-based lead dioxide anode falls off, then use a soft brush to brush off the white or yellowish insoluble substances remaining in the crevices on the surface of the titanium-based lead dioxide anode until the black electrode surface is exposed, thereby obtaining the titanium-based lead dioxide anode body.

[0067] Example 6

[0068] A method for removing the insoluble covering layer on the surface of a titanium-based lead dioxide anode, comprising the following steps:

[0069] Step 1: immerse the titanium-based lead dioxide anode with a thin (≤0.5 mm) insoluble covering layer on the surface in a container containing a citric acid solution, rinse with clean water after 2.5 h of immersion until the white insoluble covering layer on the surface of the titanium-based lead dioxide anode is exposed; the mass fraction of the citric acid solution is 4%;

[0070] Step 2: add potassium sodium tartrate, potassium hydroxide and water to the container and stir until uniform to obtain a mixed solution; the mass fraction of potassium sodium tartrate in the mixed solution is 10%, and the mass fraction of potassium hydroxide is 5%;

[0071] Step 3: heat the mixed solution in Step 2 to a temperature of 55°C; immerse the titanium-based lead dioxide in Step 2 in the heated mixed solution and perform ultrasonic oscillation for 20 min;

[0072] Step 4: The titanium-based lead dioxide anode surface treated in Step 3 was rinsed with a high-pressure water gun, and most of the white insoluble covering layer on the titanium-based lead dioxide anode surface was removed. Then, the remaining white or yellowish insoluble material in the gaps on the titanium-based lead dioxide anode surface was brushed off with a soft brush until the black electrode surface was exposed, thereby obtaining the titanium-based lead dioxide anode body.

[0073] Example 7

[0074] The process and parameters of this case were the same as those of Example 1, but the experimental object used was a titanium-based lead dioxide anode with a relatively thick (0.5-2 mm) surface insoluble covering layer, and the ultrasonic oscillation time in Step 3 was 120 min.

[0075] Example 8

[0076] The process and parameters of this case were the same as those of Example 2, but the experimental object used was a titanium-based lead dioxide anode with a relatively thick (0.5-2 mm) surface insoluble covering layer, and the ultrasonic oscillation time in Step 3 was 90 min.

[0077] Example 9

[0078] The process and parameters of this case were the same as those of Example 3, but the experimental object used was a titanium-based lead dioxide anode with a relatively thick (0.5-2 mm) surface insoluble covering layer, and the ultrasonic oscillation time in Step 3 was 180 min.

[0079] Example 10

[0080] The process and parameters of this case were the same as those of Example 4, but the experimental object used was a titanium-based lead dioxide anode with a relatively thick (0.5-2 mm) surface insoluble covering layer, and the ultrasonic oscillation time in Step 3 was 120 min.

[0081] Example 11

[0082] The process and parameters of this case were the same as those of Example 5, but the experimental object used was a titanium-based lead dioxide anode with a relatively thick (0.5-2 mm) surface insoluble covering layer, and the ultrasonic oscillation time in Step 3 was 150 min.

[0083] Example 12

[0084] The process and parameters of this case were the same as those of Example 6, but the experimental object used was a titanium-based lead dioxide anode with a relatively thick (0.5-2 mm) surface insoluble covering layer, and the ultrasonic oscillation time in Step 3 was 180 min.

[0085] Comparative Example 1

[0086] The case is a comparative example, the process and parameters are the same as example 1, but sodium bicarbonate solution is added in step 2, and the results show that white insoluble matter still covers the surface of the titanium-based lead dioxide anode.

[0087] Compared with the comparative example, example 1 uses a sodium tartrate-containing alkaline solution for cleaning, and the titanium-based lead dioxide anode surface finally exposes the black electrode surface, while the comparative example uses sodium bicarbonate solution for cleaning, and white insoluble matter still covers the surface of the titanium-based lead dioxide anode. This shows that the sodium tartrate-containing alkaline solution selected in the technical solution can effectively remove the white insoluble matter on the surface of the titanium-based lead dioxide anode.

[0088] Figures 2-4 The morphology and element distribution of the titanium-based lead dioxide electrode surface difficult-to-dissolve covering layer are shown in Figure 2 It can be clearly seen that a dense difficult-to-dissolve covering layer is accumulated on the surface of the titanium-based lead dioxide electrode, and the difficult-to-dissolve covering layer is accumulated in irregular sheet and particle shape. From Figure 3 and Figure 4 It can be seen that the main elements of the difficult-to-dissolve covering layer are carbon, oxygen, sulfur, arsenic, antimony and bismuth.

[0089] Figure 5 and Figure 6 The morphology and element distribution of the titanium-based lead dioxide electrode surface after removal treatment by the present application are shown in Figure 5 and Figure 6 It can be seen that only lead and oxygen elements are detected on the surface of the titanium-based lead dioxide electrode, indicating that the difficult-to-dissolve covering layer on the surface of the titanium-based lead dioxide electrode has been completely removed.

[0090] Figure 7 The XRD diagram of the dissolved difficult-to-dissolve covering layer is shown in Figure 7 It can be seen that the main component of the dissolved difficult-to-dissolve covering layer is antimony bismuthate, indicating that the difficult-to-dissolve covering layer on the surface of the titanium-based lead dioxide electrode can be effectively removed by the present application.

Claims

1. A method for removing a refractory coating layer from the surface of a titanium-based lead dioxide anode, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Immerse the titanium-based lead dioxide anode in a softening agent for 1-3 hours, then rinse with clean water until the white, insoluble coating layer on the surface of the titanium-based lead dioxide anode is exposed; the softening agent is sodium hexametaphosphate solution or citric acid solution; Step 2: Mix potassium sodium tartrate, alkaline solution and deionized water, and stir until homogeneous to obtain a mixed solution; the mass fraction of potassium sodium tartrate in the mixed solution is 5%-10%, and the mass fraction of alkaline solution is 3%-5%; Step 3: Heat the mixed solution from Step 2 to 50-60℃, and immerse the titanium-based lead dioxide anode from Step 1 into the heated mixed solution for ultrasonic vibration. Step 4: Use a high-pressure water gun to rinse the surface of the titanium-based lead dioxide anode treated in Step 3. Use a soft brush to repeatedly brush the crevices of the rinsed titanium-based lead dioxide anode surface until the black electrode surface is exposed, thus obtaining the titanium-based lead dioxide anode body.

2. The method for removing the insoluble coating layer on the surface of a titanium-based lead dioxide anode according to claim 1, characterized in that: The softener has a mass fraction of 3%-5%.

3. The method for removing the insoluble coating layer on the surface of a titanium-based lead dioxide anode according to claim 1, characterized in that: The alkaline solution is sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide.

4. The method for removing the insoluble coating layer on the surface of a titanium-based lead dioxide anode according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ultrasonic oscillation time in step 3 is 10-180 min.

5. The method for removing the insoluble coating layer on the surface of a titanium-based lead dioxide anode according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step 1: Immerse the titanium-based lead dioxide anode with a thin, insoluble coating on its surface in a container containing citric acid solution for 2 hours, then rinse with water until the white, insoluble coating on the surface of the titanium-based lead dioxide anode is exposed; the citric acid solution has a mass fraction of 4%. Step 2: Add sodium potassium tartrate, potassium hydroxide, and deionized water to a container and stir until homogeneous to obtain a mixed solution; the mass fraction of sodium potassium tartrate in the mixed solution is 8%, and the mass fraction of potassium hydroxide is 4%. Step 3: Heat the mixed solution from Step 2 to 55°C; immerse the titanium-based lead dioxide anode from Step 2 into the heated mixed solution for ultrasonic vibration for 20 minutes. Step 4: Use a high-pressure water gun to rinse the surface of the titanium-based lead dioxide anode treated in Step 3. Most of the white insoluble coating on the surface of the titanium-based lead dioxide anode will fall off. Then use a soft brush to brush away the white or slightly yellow insoluble substances remaining in the gaps on the surface of the titanium-based lead dioxide anode until the black electrode surface is exposed, thus obtaining the titanium-based lead dioxide anode body.

6. The method for removing the insoluble coating layer on the surface of a titanium-based lead dioxide anode according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step 1: Immerse the titanium-based lead dioxide anode with a thin, insoluble coating on its surface in a container containing sodium hexametaphosphate solution for 3 hours, then rinse with water until the white, insoluble coating on the surface of the titanium-based lead dioxide anode is exposed; the citric acid solution has a mass fraction of 5%. Step 2: Add potassium sodium tartrate, sodium hydroxide and deionized water to a container, stir well to obtain a mixed solution; the mass fraction of potassium sodium tartrate in the mixed solution is 10% and the mass fraction of sodium hydroxide is 5%. Step 3: Heat the mixed solution from Step 2 to 60°C; immerse the titanium-based lead dioxide anode from Step 2 into the heated mixed solution for ultrasonic vibration for 10 minutes. Step 4: Use a high-pressure water gun to rinse the surface of the titanium-based lead dioxide anode treated in Step 3. Most of the white insoluble coating on the surface of the titanium-based lead dioxide anode will fall off. Then use a soft brush to brush away the white or slightly yellow insoluble substances remaining in the gaps on the surface of the titanium-based lead dioxide anode until the black electrode surface is exposed, thus obtaining the titanium-based lead dioxide anode body.

7. The method for removing the insoluble coating layer on the surface of a titanium-based lead dioxide anode according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step 1: Immerse the titanium-based lead dioxide anode with a thin, insoluble coating on its surface in a container containing sodium hexametaphosphate solution for 2 hours, then rinse with water until the white, insoluble coating on the surface of the titanium-based lead dioxide anode is exposed; the sodium hexametaphosphate solution has a mass fraction of 4%. Step 2: Add potassium sodium tartrate, sodium hydroxide and deionized water to a container, stir well to obtain a mixed solution; the mass fraction of potassium sodium tartrate in the mixed solution is 8% and the mass fraction of sodium hydroxide is 4%. Step 3: Heat the mixed solution from Step 3 to 55°C; Immerse the titanium-based lead dioxide anode from Step 2 into the heated mixed solution and perform ultrasonic vibration for 10 minutes. Step 4: Use a high-pressure water gun to rinse the surface of the titanium-based lead dioxide anode treated in Step 3. Most of the white insoluble coating on the surface of the titanium-based lead dioxide anode will fall off. Then use a soft brush to brush away the white or slightly yellow insoluble substances remaining in the gaps on the surface of the titanium-based lead dioxide anode until the black electrode surface is exposed, thus obtaining the titanium-based lead dioxide anode body.

8. The method for removing the insoluble coating layer on the surface of a titanium-based lead dioxide anode according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step 1: Immerse the titanium-based lead dioxide anode with a thin, insoluble coating on its surface in a container containing citric acid solution for 2.5 hours, then rinse with water until the white, insoluble coating on the surface of the titanium-based lead dioxide anode is exposed; the citric acid solution has a mass fraction of 4%. Step 2: Add sodium potassium tartrate, potassium hydroxide, and deionized water to a container and stir until homogeneous to obtain a mixed solution; the mass fraction of sodium potassium tartrate in the mixed solution is 6%, and the mass fraction of potassium hydroxide is 4%. Step 3: Heat the mixed solution from Step 2 to 55°C; immerse the titanium-based lead dioxide anode from Step 2 into the heated mixed solution for ultrasonic vibration for 10 minutes. Step 4: Use a high-pressure water gun to rinse the surface of the titanium-based lead dioxide anode treated in Step 3. Most of the white insoluble coating on the surface of the titanium-based lead dioxide anode will fall off. Then use a soft brush to brush away the white or slightly yellow insoluble substances remaining in the gaps on the surface of the titanium-based lead dioxide anode until the black electrode surface is exposed, thus obtaining the titanium-based lead dioxide anode body.

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