An attractant for natural water body apple snails and a combined prevention and treatment method

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of for natural water body apple snail attractant and combined prevention and treatment method, comprising the following steps: 1. preparation is used for natural water body apple snail attractant;2. in the water body finds the shore wall near apple snail egg mass and divides 5x5m square area, selects the smooth bamboo pole of green color, evenly spreads on the bamboo pole with attractant, evenly distributed insertion square area water, and the length of bamboo pole exposed to water surface is kept at 0.8~1m;3. preparation is used for killing natural water body apple snail umbrella flower quebracho extract;4. after inserting bamboo pole 18h, evenly scatter umbrella flower quebracho extract in the water area, interval 24h, again scatter the same dose of extract, repeat scattering three times, after scattering end, pull out bamboo pole, and remove apple snail egg mass on bamboo pole.The application is prepared by attractant, and apple snail is gathered to lay eggs, and umbrella flower quebracho extract is used to kill adult snail, and egg mass is removed simultaneously, and apple snail is prevented and treated comprehensively.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of biological invasion prevention, and more particularly to a kind of attractant for apple snail in natural water body and the combined prevention and control method of killing apple snail by combining attraction and plant extract. BACKGROUND

[0002] Pomacea canaliculata is originally distributed in South America, and was introduced into China in the 1980s as an aquatic economic organism. It was abandoned in the aquatic environment due to poor taste. Apple snail has strong adaptability to the living environment, can survive in acidic and alkaline water bodies, has short growth and reproduction cycle, large egg production, wide food habit, strong survival and competition ability, and has spread wildly in the Yangtze River Basin and the areas south of it. Apple snail exists in both natural water bodies and paddy fields, causing damage to the local ecosystem and species diversity, and threatening the safety of national and people's property. In 2003, it was listed in the first batch of 16 alien species invading China by the original State Environmental Protection Administration of China.

[0003] Apple snail is a herbivorous snail that mainly feeds on plant bait, has a wide food habit, and mainly feeds on rice, water bamboo and other aquatic crops, and also feeds on a small amount of dead fish and livestock carcasses. Apple snail eggs are mainly produced on emergent plants or canal walls above the water surface, with a distribution range of 10-40 cm above the water surface. When the egg mass is in an environment with a relative humidity of 95% or more or is immersed in water, it cannot develop and hatch. Apple snail is a nocturnal animal and is sensitive to light. It generally feeds during the day and lays eggs out of the water at night. Apple snail has a tendency to avoid different colors of light, has obvious avoidance to red light, and has obvious tendency to green or blue light.

[0004] The current methods for controlling apple snail include manual removal of egg masses on the shore, chemical pesticide poisoning, and introduction of natural enemies of apple snail. In many apple snail trapping methods, ordinary plants are used for attraction, which has insufficient attraction to apple snail, resulting in general number of trapped apple snails and insignificant killing effect. Chemical pesticide poisoning has great harm to natural water bodies. Therefore, it is particularly important to seek an attractant with strong attraction to apple snail and a combined prevention and control method for killing apple snail in all directions. SUMMARY

[0005] In order to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art in preventing and treating apple snails, the purpose of the present application is to provide an attractant for natural water apple snails and a combined prevention and treatment method, which is used for killing apple snails in natural water, reducing the damage of the invasive species to the ecosystem, preparing a special attractant by studying the ecological habits of apple snails, inserting a bamboo pole coated with the attractant, attracting apple snails to gather and lay eggs, killing adult snails with an appropriate dose of umbrella flower periwinkle extract, and removing the egg masses, so as to comprehensively control apple snails, which has better effect and does not affect the physicochemical properties of the water body and does not damage the ecosystem in the water body, and has the advantages of complete effect, simple process, easy control and low cost.

[0006] In order to achieve the above purpose, the present application adopts the following technical measures: an attractant for natural water apple snails and a combined prevention and treatment method, comprising the following steps:

[0007] Step 1: preparing an attractant for natural water apple snails, the components of which are, in terms of mass fraction: 40-45 parts of fructose glucose syrup; 40-45 parts of crushed zhebeihuang; 0.5-1 part of ethyl maltol A1; 0.01-0.02 part of brewing yeast; and 10-20 parts of water;

[0008] Step 2: dividing a square area of 5x5m near the shore wall where the apple snail egg masses are found in the water body, selecting a smooth bamboo pole with a diameter of 3cm and a green color, evenly coating the bamboo pole with the attractant, and evenly distributing the bamboo pole into the square area of water, with the length of the bamboo pole exposed to the water surface being kept at 0.8-1m;

[0009] Step 3: preparing an umbrella flower periwinkle extract for killing apple snails in natural water, first washing and drying the umbrella flower periwinkle rhizome, cutting it into small pieces, adding anhydrous ethanol for mixing and crushing, then transferring to a container for ultrasonic oscillation extraction for 4h, sealing and placing in a cool place for 24h, squeezing and filtering the mixed liquid with a 50-mesh screen to obtain the umbrella flower periwinkle extract;

[0010] Step 4: after inserting the bamboo pole for 18h, evenly spreading the umbrella flower periwinkle extract in the water area, spacing 24h, again spreading the same dose of extract, repeating the spreading three times, and after the spreading is completed, pulling out the bamboo pole and removing the apple snail egg masses on the bamboo pole.

[0011] Preferably, the maximum volume of the solid particles in the zhebeihuang crushed material in step 1 should be less than 0.25cm 3 .

[0012] Preferably, the square area in step 2 is selected to have a water depth range of 0.5-1.5m and a distance from the shore wall of not more than 2m, and the selected bamboo pole is a non-dried bamboo.

[0013] Preferably, the range of the attractant smearing in step 2 is up to the depth of the bamboo pole inserted into the water body, the density of the inserted pole is 2 / m 2 , and the time of the inserted pole is from 11:00 to 13:00.

[0014] Preferably, in step 3, 1L of anhydrous ethanol is added for mixing extraction for every 100g of the crushed Uncaria tomentosa stem, and the purity of the anhydrous ethanol is analytical grade.

[0015] Preferably, in step 4, the spreading concentration of the Uncaria tomentosa extract is 0.5L / m 3 , and according to the water depth, 6.25L to 18.75L of the Uncaria tomentosa extract is spread in the interval of 0.5m to 1.5m of the water depth, and the interval of each spreading is 24h.

[0016] After the above technical measures are taken, the number of the egg masses of the golden apple snail attached to the emergent plants around the implementation area and the bank ditch is greatly reduced compared with that before the implementation of the scheme, the ground cage is put into the water body, and no live golden apple snail is found in the lakeside zone. The golden apple snail does not spread again in the season, the ecological system is stable, and the water quality of the water body is obviously improved.

[0017] The key step of the present application is to prepare an attractant with strong attractivity to the golden apple snail. The attractant can improve the trapping effect of ordinary plants in the prevention and control of the golden apple snail, has better attractivity, has a longer attractivity range, and has a combined effect with the Uncaria tomentosa extract to kill the golden apple snail, hinders the breeding behavior of the golden apple snail, and reduces the newly increased population; and the Uncaria tomentosa extract is used to kill the golden apple snail, and the prevention and control of the invasive species of the golden apple snail is completed in all directions.

[0018] By the sweet characteristic of the golden apple snail, the attractant with strong attractivity is prepared, the components of the attractant include high fructose corn syrup and zizania extract, the high fructose corn syrup is a starch sugar crystal prepared by hydrolysis and isomerization of plant starch, has high sweetness, is a colorless viscous liquid, has high solubility and easy diffusion, is mixed with zizania crushed material which is the favorite food of the golden apple snail, and adds ethyl maltol A1 type flavoring agent to increase the sweet and fresh flavor of the attractant, and the fermentation product of the brewing yeast and the high fructose corn syrup also has a good attraction to the golden apple snail. Compared with the ordinary plants as the attractant, the attractant in the present application has stronger attractivity to the golden apple snail, and can quickly attract the golden apple snail in the water body to gather around the bamboo pole.

[0019] According to the living and breeding characteristics of the apple snails, the apple snails are sensitive to light and generally eat during the day. The apple snails induced in the evening will climb on the bamboo poles to breed and lay eggs. After 18 hours, the appropriate dose of umbrella flower queuosine extract is scattered in the square area to kill the apple snails. The umbrella flower queuosine is a plant of the queuosine family and is also a kind of traditional Chinese medicine, which is often used in clinical application and contains rich alkaloids. Experiments show that the extract has a significant effect on killing the apple snails. Compared with using chemical agents and large-scale scattering of snail-killing substances, the apple snails are induced to a small area, and the plant extract is used to kill the apple snails in a concentrated manner, which has less impact on the water environment, lower cost, and more obvious prevention and control effect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of experimental results in Example 1;

[0021] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the killing effect of the umbrella flower queuosine extract with different concentrations on the apple snails in Example 2;

[0022] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the number of apple snail egg masses before and after the implementation of the joint prevention and control scheme in Example 3. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] In order to facilitate those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present application, the present application will be further described in detail below in combination with the drawings and implementation examples. It should be understood that the implementation examples described herein are only used to illustrate and explain the present application, and are not used to limit the present application.

[0024] Example 1:

[0025] Experimental background: Taking Longwanggou Lake in East Lake District of Wuhan City as an example, the water area is 18.2hm 2 , and the shoreline length is 2.3km.

[0026] Experimental scheme:

[0027] a. Conduct an apple snail community ecological survey on Longwanggou Lake, record the distribution of apple snail egg masses, and divide the square implementation area of 5x5m. Each square implementation area is spaced 50m apart. The square implementation area is selected to have a water depth range of 0.5-1.5m and a distance from the shore wall of no more than 2m.

[0028] Select green smooth bamboo poles with a diameter of 3cm. The selected bamboo poles are not dried bamboo. The attractant is evenly applied on the bamboo poles. The application range of the attractant is based on the depth of the bamboo poles inserted into the water. The poles are evenly distributed and inserted into the water in the square implementation area. The pole density is 2 poles / m 2 , and the pole insertion time is from 11am to 13pm. The length of the bamboo poles exposed to the water surface is kept at 0.8-1m.

[0029] b. Set three different experimental groups, one control group. Each group is set up three times, a total of 12 square implementation areas.

[0030] Experimental group one:

[0031] On the bamboo pole, evenly smear a kind of attractant for natural water apple snail, the components are: fructose syrup 40 parts; zhejiang white crushed 40 parts; ethyl maltol A1 type 1 part; brewing yeast 0.01 parts; water 20 parts. The maximum volume of solid particles in zhebeng white crushed should be less than 0.25 cm3.

[0032] Experimental group two:

[0033] On the bamboo pole, evenly smear attractant, the components are: fructose syrup 40 parts; ethyl maltol A1 type 1 part; brewing yeast 0.01 parts; water 20 parts.

[0034] Experimental group three:

[0035] On the bamboo pole, evenly smear attractant, the components are: fructose syrup 40 parts; zhejiang white crushed 40 parts; water 20 parts. The maximum volume of solid particles in zhebeng white crushed should be less than 0.25 cm3.

[0036] Control group: do not smear any attractant.

[0037] c. After 18 hours of the above steps, count the apple snail egg blocks on the bamboo pole in the square implementation area.

[0038] The fructose syrup, zhejiang white, ethyl maltol A1 type, and brewing yeast in the embodiment of the application are purchased from the market.

[0039] Experimental results:

[0040] As shown in Figure 1 The experimental results show that the experimental group one collects the most apple snail egg blocks, and the control group collects the least apple snail egg blocks. Apple snails have a sweet preference, which is related to their preference for easily available food. Fructose syrup is a starch sugar crystal made from plant starch hydrolysis and isomerization, and its components are glucose and fructose. Zhejiang white is also one of the most preferred crops for apple snails. The results of experimental group two show that zhejiang white crushed can increase the viscosity of the attractant and prolong the action time of the attractant in water. The results of experimental group three show that the ethyl maltol A1 type flavor enhancer can amplify the sweet and fresh flavor of the attractant, and the fermentation product of brewing yeast and fructose syrup also has a good attraction to apple snails. Compared with ordinary plants as attractants, the attractant in the application has stronger attraction to apple snails and can quickly attract apple snails in the water to gather around the bamboo pole.

[0041] Example 2:

[0042] Experimental site: Ziliang 2 Lab, Hubei University of Technology.

[0043] Experimental materials:

[0044] The adult Uncaria tomentosa was collected from the wild jungle in the south of Guangdong.

[0045] The adult Pomacea canaliculata was collected from the natural lake water in the East Lake District of Wuhan City. The adult P. canaliculata with uniform size and good activity was selected for the experiment. Before the experiment, the adult P. canaliculata was cultured in the chlorine-free water and fed with fresh lettuce.

[0046] The purity of the anhydrous ethanol was analytical grade.

[0047] The ultrasonic instrument was Kunshan Sumu KQ-800KDE high-power digital ultrasonic cleaner with an ultrasonic power of 800 W.

[0048] Experimental scheme:

[0049] Preparation of Uncaria tomentosa extract: First, the Uncaria tomentosa root and stem were washed, dried, cut, and put into a pulverizer. Then, the Uncaria tomentosa was mixed and pulverized with anhydrous ethanol. Then, the mixture was transferred to a container and ultrasonically extracted for 4 h. The container was sealed and placed in a cool place for 24 h. The mixture was squeezed and filtered with a 50-mesh screen to obtain the Uncaria tomentosa extract. For every 100 g of Uncaria tomentosa, 1 L of anhydrous ethanol was added for mixing and extraction.

[0050] The Uncaria tomentosa extract was diluted with chlorine-free water to obtain solutions with concentrations of 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 1, and 2 ml / L, respectively. A plastic rectangular tray (40 cm x 20 cm x 4 cm) was used to hold 2 L of the solution, and 20 P. canaliculata were put into the tray. The tray was closed with a breathable mesh cloth to prevent the P. canaliculata from escaping. The number of dead P. canaliculata was checked every 12 h, and a water control group was set up. Each treatment was repeated three times.

[0051] The judgment standard for whether the P. canaliculata was dead was that the P. canaliculata could not respond to external stimuli, emitted a foul odor, and the snail shell could not be closed or opened voluntarily.

[0052] Experimental results:

[0053] Table 1 Killing effect of Uncaria tomentosa extract with different concentrations on P. canaliculata

[0054]

[0055] According to the experimental results in Table 1, the solution with a concentration of 0.5 ml / L of the Uncaria tomentosa extract could kill all the P. canaliculata within 48 h, while no P. canaliculata died in the control group. With the increase of the concentration of the Uncaria tomentosa extract, the time for killing the P. canaliculata was correspondingly reduced. Therefore, the Uncaria tomentosa extract had a significant killing effect on the P. canaliculata.

[0056] Example 3:

[0057] Experimental Background: Taking Xiaojiajiao Lake in Dongxihu District, Wuhan City as an example, the water area is 12.4 hm². 2 The shoreline is 1.9km long.

[0058] Experimental plan:

[0059] a. Prepare an attractant for golden apple snails in natural water bodies. The components, by mass parts, are: 45 parts fructose syrup; 45 parts crushed water chestnut; 1 part ethyl maltol A1 type; 0.02 parts brewer's yeast; and 10 parts water.

[0060] b. Conduct an ecological survey of the golden apple snail community in Xiaojiajiao Lake, record the distribution of golden apple snail egg masses, and divide the area into 5×5m square implementation areas. One square implementation area should be divided every 50m along the shoreline. The square implementation areas should be selected in water depths between 0.5 and 1.5m and no more than 2m from the shoreline. Three quadrats, each 50m long, should be randomly divided along the shoreline. The golden apple snail egg masses within each quadrat should be counted and removed.

[0061] Select smooth, green bamboo poles with a diameter of 3cm. The bamboo should not be completely dried. Apply an attractant evenly to the bamboo poles, extending the application area to the depth to which the poles are inserted into the water. Distribute the attractant evenly throughout the square-shaped area, inserting the poles at a density of 2 poles per meter. 2 The poles should be inserted between 11:00 AM and 1:00 PM, with the length of the bamboo poles protruding above the water surface maintained between 0.8 and 1 meter.

[0062] c. After inserting the bamboo pole for 18 hours, evenly sprinkle 12.5L of extract of Strychnos nux-vomica into the water body of the area. After 24 hours, sprinkle the same amount of extract again. Repeat the sprinkling three times. After the sprinkling is completed, pull out the bamboo pole and remove the golden apple snail egg masses on the bamboo pole.

[0063] d. After the above implementation plan is completed, count the golden apple snail egg masses within the quadrat area and record them every 7 days.

[0064] Experimental results:

[0065] After the above technical measures were implemented, continuous observation was conducted on the emergent plant zone and shoreline of the Xiaojiajiao Lake implementation area to check for the appearance of red golden apple snail egg masses. Fish traps were placed in the water to observe whether golden apple snails appeared in the lakeshore area. Figure 3 As shown, after two months of observation, the number of emergent plants and golden apple snail egg masses attached to the shoreline within the sample plots of Xiaojiajiao Lake decreased significantly compared to before the implementation of the program. When fish traps were placed in the water, no live golden apple snails were found in the lakeshore area. The golden apple snail population did not re-emerge during the quarter, the ecosystem remained stable, and the water quality significantly improved.

[0066] In summary, the present application adopts a kind of strong attractive agent to apple snail and a combined control method to kill apple snail in all directions, which hinders the breeding behavior of apple snail and reduces its new population, and uses umbrella flower extract to kill apple snail, and completes the prevention and control of invasive species apple snail in all directions.

[0067] In summary, the present application adopts a kind of strong attractive agent to apple snail and a combined control method to kill apple snail in all directions, which hinders the breeding behavior of apple snail and reduces its new population, and uses umbrella flower extract to kill apple snail, and completes the prevention and control of invasive species apple snail in all directions.

Claims

1. A luring agent and combined control method for natural water body golden apple snails, characterized in that, It comprises the following steps: Step 1: preparing an attractant for golden apple snails in natural water bodies, the components of which are, by mass fraction: high fructose corn syrup 40-45 parts; crushed leeks 40-45 parts; ethyl maltol type A1 0.5-1 part; brewer's yeast 0.01-0.02 parts; and water 10-20 parts; Step 2: dividing a 5x5m square area near the shore wall where the golden apple snail egg mass is found in the water body, selecting smooth bamboo poles with a diameter of 3cm and a green color, evenly applying the attractant on the bamboo poles, and evenly distributing and inserting the bamboo poles into the water in the square area, with the length of the bamboo poles exposed to the water surface kept at 0.8-1m; Step 3: preparing an Uncaria umbellata extract for killing golden apple snails in natural water bodies, first washing and drying the Uncaria umbellata rhizomes, cutting them into pieces, adding anhydrous ethanol for mixing and pulverization in a pulverizer, then transferring to a container for ultrasonic oscillation extraction for 4h, sealing and placing in a cool place for 24h, squeezing and filtering the mixed solution with a 50-mesh screen to obtain the Uncaria umbellata extract; Step 4: after inserting the bamboo poles for 18h, evenly spreading the Uncaria umbellata extract in the water area, spacing 24h, again spreading the same dose of extract, repeating the spreading three times, and after the spreading is completed, pulling out the bamboo poles and removing the golden apple snail egg masses on the bamboo poles; In step 3, 1L of anhydrous ethanol is added for mixing and extraction for every 100g of Uncaria umbellata rhizomes, and the purity of the anhydrous ethanol is analytical grade; The umbrella flower quebec extract solution scattering concentration in step 4 is 0.5L / m 3 According to the difference of water depth, 6.25L~18.75L umbrella flower quebec extract is scattered according to the interval of water depth 0.5m~1.5m, and the interval of each scattering is 24h.

2. The attractant and the combined control method for golden apple snails in natural water bodies according to claim 1, characterized in that, The maximum volume of solid particles in the pulverized material of the lotus stem in step 1 should be less than 0.25 cm 3 .

3. The luring agent and the combined control method for golden apple snails in natural water bodies according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 2, the square area is selected to have a water depth range of 0.5-1.5m and a distance from the shore wall of no more than 2m.

4. The attractant and the combined control method for golden apple snails in natural water bodies according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 2, the selected bamboo poles are not dried bamboo.

5. The attractant and the combined control method of the golden apple snail in natural water bodies according to claim 1, characterized in that, The depth of the bamboo pole inserted into the water body is the range of the attractant smearing in step 2, the density of the inserted pole is 2 / m 2 , and the time of inserting the pole is from 11:00 to 13:00.

Images