A double-sided self-supporting multi-level structure composite foamed material and a preparation method thereof, and a friction nanogenerator

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of functional materials, in particular to a double-sided self-supporting multi-level structure composite foaming material, a preparation method thereof and a friction nanogenerator. The present application realizes the preparation of a self-supporting double-sided corrugated-wrinkled multi-level structure composite foaming material by a low-cost, environmentally friendly and simple one-step method through the design of the structure of the composite foaming material and the combination of internal limited foaming and dynamic foaming principles. The present application limits the outer layer of thermoplastic foaming material by using the internal grid structure, and coats the surface of the internal grid structure with a thermosetting elastomer material, thereby reducing the adhesion with the outer layer of thermoplastic foaming material, forming a macroscopic morphology with a self-supporting corrugated structure on the surface of the thermoplastic polymer material, and combining a dynamic supercritical fluid foaming process to form a micro-wrinkled structure. The composite foaming material of the present application can be directly assembled into a friction nanogenerator with an embedded electrode without secondary assembly and used as a self-powered sensor for detecting vehicle driving conditions and human activities.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of functional materials, in particular to a double-sided self-supporting multi-level structure composite foamed material and a preparation method thereof, and a friction nanogenerator. BACKGROUND

[0002] Surface patterned polymer materials have wide application potential in energy storage, thermal insulation, noise reduction, wearable devices, and gradually become the research focus of people. For example, thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and other polymer synthetic materials are one of the commonly used foamed polymer materials, which have good cushioning and energy absorption functions, and can be used as shoe soles, sofa furniture, pillows, cushions, toys, clothing and sound insulation liners; good thermal insulation performance makes it applicable to building exterior wall insulation, roof waterproof and insulation integration, cold storage insulation, pipeline insulation material, building foaming material, cold storage insulation material, etc.

[0003] The formation of self-supporting corrugated-ridged multi-level structure on the surface of the polymer material can increase the complexity of macro and micro scales, improve the specific surface area, endow it with functional characteristics, and expand its application scenarios and application fields. However, the formation of corrugated and corrugated structures on the surface of the polymer material cannot be prepared by one-step method at present. Usually, a combination of subtractive manufacturing (chemical etching or physical laser etching, etc.), additive manufacturing (3D printing), pre-stretching, template method and sputtering method is used. For example, the process method disclosed in US3879508A needs to use a special roller device to mechanically process the corrugated structure on the surface of the material. And due to the complex preparation process, there are problems such as high energy consumption, complex operation, environmental pollution, etc., which greatly limit their industrial promotion and use range, making it difficult for these methods to go out of the laboratory to realize large-scale continuous production in industrial production.

[0004] At present, supercritical CO2 (scCO2) foaming technology is attracting more and more attention and is listed as a key technology research and industrialization project and is vigorously promoted. As one of the key technologies for lightweight, scCO2 foaming technology is widely used in daily production, life and military, aviation fields due to its advantages of high efficiency, environmental protection, safety, low cost, wide applicability, etc., and plays an irreplaceable role in human production and life. The technology of processing surface patterned polymer materials by scCO2 foaming technology is also attracting more and more attention, and in recent years there have been a large number of researches, for example, through physical limited scCO2 foaming process to realize the formation of patterned ridges or protrusions on the surface of the polymer material, but the industrialized production method of corrugated and ridged multi-level structure polymer composite foamed material with self-supporting performance has not been reported.

[0005] Therefore, developing a kind of self-supporting double-sided multi-level structure patterned polymer composite foam material processing technology capable of fast and efficient, environmentally friendly, simple and suitable for industrial application has important promoting effect on opening up the application potential of polymer composite foam material. SUMMARY

[0006] In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, one of the purposes of the present application is to provide a preparation method of double-sided self-supporting multi-level structure composite foam material, which sets hard grid material between thermoplastic polymer foam material, and coats thermosetting elastomer material on the hard grid material, combines internal restriction and dynamic scCO2 foaming technology, and one-step foaming forms corrugated-wrinkled multi-level structure on the surface of thermoplastic polymer material to quickly and efficiently prepare double-sided multi-level structure patterned composite foam material.

[0007] The second purpose of the present application is to provide a double-sided self-supporting multi-level structure composite foam material, which has a hard grid support layer inside, corrugated-wrinkled multi-level structure is formed on the surface of thermoplastic polymer material on both sides, and thermosetting elastomer material is further arranged between the hard grid support layer and the thermoplastic polymer material, which has improved self-powered sensing ability, and improved performance in energy absorption, buffering, barrier, heat insulation, electromagnetic shielding and the like.

[0008] The third purpose of the present application is to provide a self-supporting triboelectric nanogenerator prepared by using the double-sided self-supporting multi-level structure composite foam material provided by the present application, which is applied to green energy collection, or made into wearable equipment as a self-powered sensor to monitor human activity.

[0009] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purposes, the technical scheme adopted by the present application is as follows:

[0010] A preparation method of double-sided self-supporting multi-level structure composite foam material, comprising the following operation steps:

[0011] 1) The upper and lower surfaces of the grid material coated with a layer of thermosetting elastomer material are laid with sheet-shaped thermoplastic polymer material to form a composite material preform;

[0012] 2) The composite material preform prepared in step 1) is subjected to dynamic supercritical fluid foaming treatment to obtain the double-sided self-supporting multi-level structure composite foam material;

[0013] The grid material is a material without supercritical foaming property and having supporting hardness.

[0014] Optionally, the specific method of the dynamic supercritical fluid foaming is as follows: after the composite material preform is placed in the foaming device, the foaming gas is introduced to reach a set pressure, then the foaming temperature is maintained for a period of time, the foaming gas is released at a certain rate, and new foaming gas is continuously introduced into the foaming device to maintain the pressure, after the end, the release and injection of the gas are stopped, and the foaming gas is quickly discharged.

[0015] Optionally, the thermoplastic polymer material is a thermoplastic polyurethane; further, the thickness of the thermoplastic polyurethane is 0.2-0.5 mm; preferably, the thickness of the thermoplastic polyurethane is 0.3 mm.

[0016] Optionally, the mesh material is a stainless steel punched mesh.

[0017] Optionally, the foaming gas is supercritical CO2; the foaming temperature is 120℃; the holding time after the supercritical CO2 is introduced to reach a set pressure of 10-16 MPa is 1-1.5 hours; the rate of releasing the supercritical CO2 is 5-80 ml / min, further preferably, the rate is 10 ml / min; while the supercritical CO2 is released, new foaming gas is continuously introduced into the foaming device to maintain the pressure at 10-16 MPa, and the maintaining time is 10-30 min, further preferably, the maintaining time is 30 min.

[0018] Optionally, the thermosetting elastomer material is polydimethylsiloxane.

[0019] Optionally, the specific preparation method of the composite material preform further comprises: first, the surface of the mesh material is pretreated with oxalic acid, then the pretreated surface of the mesh material is uniformly coated with a polydimethylsiloxane precursor solution, after curing treatment, the mesh material is clamped between two pieces of thermoplastic polymer material, and vacuum hot pressing is performed to obtain the composite material preform.

[0020] Optionally, the curing treatment temperature is 60-120℃, and the optimal temperature is 80℃; the time is 1-2 hours, and further preferably, the time is 2 hours; the vacuum hot pressing temperature is 150-200℃, and further preferably, the temperature is 190℃; the hot pressing time is 5-20 minutes, and further preferably, the temperature is 10 minutes.

[0021] The composite foaming material prepared by the above preparation method has a self-supporting force due to the hard mesh structure inside, and can be used as an electrode material due to the corrugated-creped multi-level structure on the surface, can be self-assembled to make a friction nanogenerator, and can be further made into a wearable device for self-powered monitoring of human motion and physiological state.

[0022] The present application has the following advantages:

[0023] 1) The present application realizes one-step foaming to form a self-supporting double-sided corrugated-furrow multi-level structure composite foaming material by creatively designing the structure of the composite foaming material, combining internal limited foaming and dynamic foaming principles, and the principles are specifically as follows:

[0024] The composite material preform designed in the present application is internally provided with a grid structure without foaming performance, the outer layer of the grid structure is coated with a thermosetting elastomer structure, and the upper and lower surfaces are provided with a thermoplastic polymer material. In the gas foaming process, the most foaming gas nucleation sites are generated at the grid hole positions under the limitation of the grid, and the outer layer of the thermoplastic polymer material is oriented to expand vertically to the grid hole direction. At the same time, the interfacial adhesion between the thermosetting elastomer and the thermoplastic polymer material is low, small air gaps are formed between the grid punching holes, and the thermoplastic elastomer around the grid holes is unevenly expanded in the foaming process, forming a macroscopic morphology of a self-supporting corrugated structure.

[0025] It needs to be further emphasized that one of the core factors for the present application to form a macroscopic morphology of a self-supporting corrugated structure is that the surface of the grid material is coated with a thermosetting elastomer structure. The thermoplastic polymer material (such as polyurethane material) can be used as an adhesive. If the grid material is not wrapped with a thermosetting elastomer material, the grid material and the thermoplastic polymer material will be directly bonded together at the interface bonding site after hot pressing, and the air gap allowing gas to pass through cannot be formed, and the interface bonding site between the grid material and the thermoplastic resin will not be foamed and expanded, and a self-supporting corrugated structure cannot be formed.

[0026] At the same time, the present application adopts a dynamic foaming process throughout, forms a macroscopic morphology of a self-supporting corrugated structure, and introduces a dynamic flow field of foaming gas into the thermoplastic polymer, causing the thermoplastic polymer molecular chain to be oriented to generate intramolecular stress in the saturation stage. In the foaming stage, the synergistic effect of bubble expansion and intramolecular stress release causes the surface of the thermoplastic polymer material to form a microscopic furrow;

[0027] 2) Compared with other methods of traditional ordered arrays, the present application combines limited foaming and dynamic foaming, and proposes a low-cost, environmentally friendly and simple process one-step foaming method for preparing a self-supporting corrugated-furrow multi-level structure composite foaming material. The present application uses the internal grid structure to limit the outer layer of the thermoplastic foaming material, and coats the surface of the internal grid structure with a thermosetting elastomer material to reduce the adhesion with the outer layer of the thermoplastic foaming material, so that the surface of the thermoplastic polymer material forms a macroscopic morphology with a self-supporting corrugated structure, and combines a dynamic supercritical fluid foaming process to form a microscopic furrow structure, and finally obtains a self-supporting corrugated-furrow multi-level structure composite foaming material;

[0028] Compared with the preparation process of traditional ordered arrays, such as 3D printing, etching method, and transfer printing method, the preparation method of the present application is simple, low in cost, easy to scale, and energy-saving and environmentally friendly;

[0029] 3) The self-supporting multi-level structure composite foaming material prepared by the process method of the application, the thermoplastic polymer material serves as a positive electrode material and provides support, the thermoplastic elastomer serves as a negative electrode, and the grid structure in the middle adopts a conductive material as an electrode to export electrons, without secondary assembly, the self-supporting multi-level structure composite foaming material can be directly used in a self-assembled built-in electrode friction nanogenerator (SAI-TENG) and as a self-powered sensor; the flexible friction nanogenerator device has the advantages of small size and no energy consumption, and can be applied to the field of flexible sensors to detect human activities, for example, monitoring of walking habits and frequency of a person, monitoring of sitting time and frequency, monitoring of punching strength and frequency, etc.

[0030] 4) The performance of the SAI-TENG can also be further improved by simple secondary assembly. Specifically, a thermosetting elastomer material such as PDMS is solidified on a metal mesh (for example, a 60-mesh copper woven mesh) to obtain a thermosetting elastomer film (for example, a PDMS film) embedded with the metal mesh. Two pieces of the PDMS film embedded with the metal mesh are placed on both sides of the SAI-TENG, wrapped with a PI tape, and further, dielectric ions can be added to the thermosetting elastomer film embedded with the metal mesh, and a microstructure can be engraved on the surface (for example, a PDMS film, by stirring and mixing a PDMS precursor, a curing agent and a fluorine-containing compound with excellent dielectric performance at the same time, introducing the mixture into a mold to be shaped, and solidifying the copper mesh into a film) to further improve the triboelectric performance, and finally obtain an integrated self-supporting friction nanogenerator (TIS-TENG) with eight triboelectric layers and three electrodes. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 The method principle schematic diagram of the preparation process of the double-sided self-supporting corrugation-crease multi-level structure composite foaming material provided for Example 1 is shown in the figure;

[0032] Figure 2 The appearance and morphology comparison diagram of the double-sided self-supporting corrugation-crease multi-level structure composite foaming material prepared under different foaming pressures is shown in the figure;

[0033] Figure 3 The working principle schematic diagram of the friction nanogenerator provided for Example 3 of the application is shown in the figure;

[0034] Figure 4 The structure schematic diagram of the integrated self-supporting friction nanogenerator provided for Example 4 of the application is shown in the figure;

[0035] Figure 5 The working principle schematic diagram of the integrated self-supporting friction nanogenerator provided for Example 4 of the application is shown in the figure;

[0036] Figure 6A schematic diagram of the integrated self-supporting friction nanogenerator current output effect verification result provided for the embodiment 4 of the present application;

[0037] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the integrated self-supporting friction nanogenerator actual application feasibility verification result provided for the embodiment 4 of the present application as a sensor: (a-b) as a sensor to monitor the vehicle driving state; (c-f) as a sensor to monitor human motion and safety state. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The present application will be further described in conjunction with specific embodiments. Except for the special description, the equipment and reagents used in each embodiment and test example can be obtained from commercial channels.

[0039] Embodiment 1

[0040] The present embodiment provides a preparation method of a double-sided self-supporting corrugation-pleat multi-level structure composite foamed material, and the specific operation steps are as follows:

[0041] 1) The stainless steel punched screen is cleaned with anhydrous ethanol, and then taken out after vacuum oven drying. The surface of the stainless steel screen is treated with oxalic acid, and the PDMS precursor is uniformly coated on both sides of the oxalic acid treated stainless steel screen punched screen with a brush. Then, the stainless steel screen is placed in a vacuum oven and cured at 80℃ for 2 hours. Then, the stainless steel grid with a surface cured PDMS material layer is clamped in a thermoplastic polyurethane TPU film with a thickness of 0.3mm. A vacuum assisted hot press is used to hot press at 190℃ for 10 minutes to obtain a composite material preform;

[0042] 2) The composite material preform prepared in step 1) is placed in a supercritical foaming reaction kettle. The temperature inside the foaming kettle is controlled by a temperature control system to reach the preset foaming temperature of 120℃. scCO2 is injected into the foaming kettle through a gas supply system, and the pressure reaches 16MPa. After the composite material preform and scCO2 form a saturated and stable blending system, it is maintained for 1.5 hours. Then, the slow venting valve is opened, and scCO2 is released at a rate of 10ml / min. At the same time, scCO2 is continuously pumped into the cavity to maintain the pressure in the cavity at 16MPa. After the scCO2 flow field is introduced and treated for 30min, the slow venting valve is closed and the fast venting valve is opened, triggering the dynamic foaming of the TPU film. The foaming kettle is opened, and the product is taken out and naturally cooled to room temperature, thereby successfully preparing a double-sided self-supporting corrugation-pleat multi-level structure composite foamed material.

[0043] The preparation method provided in the present embodiment is based on the principles of limited foaming and dynamic foaming, such as Figure 1As shown, the TPU is tightly combined with the stainless steel punched net wrapped by the PDMS coating layer by vacuum hot pressing treatment to obtain a composite preform. Because the thickness of the TPU layer is the largest at the punched holes of the stainless steel net, the most CO2 nucleation sites are generated after supercritical carbon dioxide immersion treatment, and the largest volume (perpendicular to the stainless steel net direction) of directional expansion is generated under the restriction of the stainless steel net. At the same time, because the interface bonding between the TPU and the PDMS is low, the foam TPU matrix is separated from the PDMS coating layer, and small air gaps are formed between the punched holes of the stainless steel punched net. The uneven expansion of the TPU matrix at the punched holes and the periphery of the stainless steel punched net causes the formation of the macroscopic morphology of the self-supporting corrugated structure. In addition, by using the dynamic foaming principle, the scCO2 flow field is introduced into the TPU foam while the macroscopic morphology of the self-supporting corrugated structure is formed, causing the TPU molecular chain to be oriented, and intramolecular stress is generated in the saturation stage. In the foaming stage, the synergistic effect of bubble expansion and intramolecular stress release causes the formation of micro-scale wrinkles on the surface of the TPU foam.

[0044] It should be noted that the selection of the grid material as a stainless steel punched net in this embodiment is merely illustrative and does not constitute a limitation on the technical solutions of the present application. Any grid material that does not have foaming properties and has a certain hardness to form restricted foaming can be prepared into a double-sided self-supporting corrugated-wrinkled multi-level structure composite foaming material according to the preparation method provided in this embodiment.

[0045] Example 2

[0046] This embodiment compares the morphology differences of the double-sided self-supporting corrugated-wrinkled multi-level structure composite foaming materials formed under different foaming pressure conditions. Specifically, according to the preparation method described in Example 1, a 16-mesh stainless steel net is used, and the pressure in step 2) is regulated to 10 MPa, 13 MPa, and 16 MPa, respectively, using a supercritical CO2 gas supply system to prepare double-sided self-supporting corrugated-wrinkled multi-level structure composite foaming materials. Figure 2 As shown, the double-sided self-supporting corrugated-wrinkled multi-level structure can be formed under the action of foaming pressure of 10-16 MPa. With the increase of pressure, the height of the protrusions between adjacent corrugations increases. The foaming pressure can be adjusted to prepare composite foaming materials that meet the needs of application scenarios.

[0047] In addition, it should be noted that the preparation of the composite preform during the preparation of the composite foaming material of the present application can be adjusted within the floating range of temperature, time, and other parameter conditions, and does not affect the macroscopic appearance and other properties of the prepared composite foaming material. The floating range of the curing treatment temperature is 60-120°C; the floating range of the time is 1-2 hours; the floating range of the temperature of the vacuum hot pressing is 150-200°C; and the floating range of the hot pressing time is 5-20 minutes.

[0048] During the dynamic foaming process, in addition to the pressure being adjustable within a certain range to obtain composite foam materials with different morphologies, other parameters that can be adjusted within a certain range include: stable foaming maintenance time of 1 to 1.5 hours, scCO2 release rate of 5 to 80 ml / min, and dynamic foaming time of 10 to 30 min. The corresponding parameters can be adjusted according to the application scenario requirements to obtain composite foam materials with differences in morphology and size, but still having a double-sided self-supporting corrugated-pleated multi-level structure.

[0049] Example 3

[0050] This embodiment provides a triboelectric nanogenerator device (SAI-TENG), such as Figure 3 As shown, without secondary assembly, the upper and lower surfaces of the double-sided self-supporting corrugated-pleated multi-level composite foam material prepared in Example 1 use corrugated-pleated multi-level TPU as the negative electrode, and the PDMS between the stainless steel mesh and the TPU as the negative electrode. The stainless steel mesh acts as a conductive material to conduct electrons. After compression, the squeezing friction between the surface TPU and the middle PDMS generates electron flow, realizing triboelectric power generation.

[0051] Example 4

[0052] This embodiment provides an integrated self-supporting triboelectric nanogenerator device (TIS-TENG), such as Figure 4 As shown, the structure comprises three layers: upper, middle, and lower. The middle layer is the composite foaming material provided in Embodiment 1 of this invention. The upper and lower layers are PDMS composite films (made by curing PDMS film layers on the surface of a metal conductive mesh (e.g., 60-mesh copper braided mesh)). The three layers are wrapped together with PI tape to obtain an integrated self-supporting triboelectric nanogenerator (TIS-TENG) with eight friction layers and three electrodes. The corrugated structure of the composite foaming material serves as the support, TPU as the positive electrode material, PDMS as the negative electrode, and stainless steel and copper mesh as electrodes to extract electrons. Figure 5 As shown, during the compression recovery process of TIS-TENG, current is conducted through the upper, middle, and lower electrodes. The output of TIS-TENG can be further optimized by adding dielectric ions and replicating microstructures on the surface; as shown... Figure 6 As shown in Figure a, the output of the TIS-TENG provided in Embodiment 4 of the present invention is: Voc is 106.3V, and power density is 32.5mW / m². 2 These are 3.7 times and 19.3 times that of SAI-TENG, respectively; Figure 6 Figure b shows the charging and discharging curves of the TIS-TENG 100μF capacitor, and its ability to power a small watch.

[0053] Meanwhile, due to the high elasticity of the embedded metal electrode and the TPU foam matrix, the TIS-TENG exhibits excellent stability and resistance to harsh conditions, and has excellent self-powered sensing ability in monitoring vehicle parking and establishing a worker safety alarm system, such as Figure 7 As shown in the figure: wherein figures a and b show that the TIS-TENG as a sensor can monitor the running and stopping state of the vehicle; figures c and e show that the TIS-TENG as a sensor can monitor the bouncing movement of the human body; figures c and f show that the TIS-TENG as a sensor can monitor the movement speed of the human body; figures c and d show that the TIS-TENG as a sensor material built-in safety helmet can monitor the safety state of the human head.

[0054] Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, and not to limit it; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing examples, those skilled in the art should understand: it can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing examples, or make equivalent replacement for part of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a double-sided self-supporting multi-level composite foam material, characterized in that, The following steps are included: 1) A composite material preform is formed by laying sheet-like thermoplastic polymer material on the upper and lower surfaces of a mesh material with a thermosetting elastic material layer on its surface; 2) The composite material preform prepared in step 1) is subjected to dynamic supercritical gas foaming treatment to obtain the double-sided self-supporting multi-level structure composite foam material. The thermosetting elastic layer material is polydimethylsiloxane, and the thermoplastic polymer material is thermoplastic polyurethane. The mesh material is stainless steel perforated mesh.

2. The preparation method of the double-sided self-supporting multi-level structure composite foam material as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The specific method of dynamic supercritical gas foaming is as follows: After the composite material preform is placed into the foaming equipment, foaming gas is introduced to reach the set pressure. At the foaming temperature, it is maintained for a period of time, and the foaming gas is released at a certain rate. At the same time, new foaming gas is continuously introduced into the foaming equipment to maintain the pressure. After the end, the release and injection of gas are stopped, and the foaming gas is quickly discharged.

3. The method for preparing the double-sided self-supporting multi-level composite foam material as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The thickness of thermoplastic polyurethane is 0.2~0.5mm.

4. The preparation method of the double-sided self-supporting multi-level structure composite foam material as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The thickness of the thermoplastic polyurethane is 0.3 mm.

5. The preparation method of the double-sided self-supporting multi-level structure composite foam material as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The foaming gas is supercritical CO2; the foaming temperature is 120℃; the holding time after the supercritical CO2 is introduced to reach the set pressure of 10~16MPa is 1~1.5 hours; the rate of supercritical CO2 release is 5~80ml / min; while releasing supercritical CO2, new foaming gas is continuously introduced into the foaming equipment to maintain the pressure for 10~30 minutes, and the pressure is maintained at 10~16MPa.

6. The method for preparing the double-sided self-supporting multi-level composite foam material as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The specific preparation method of composite material preforms also includes first pretreating the surface of the mesh material with oxalic acid, then uniformly coating the surface of the pretreated mesh material with a polydimethylsiloxane precursor solution, curing it, sandwiching the mesh material between two thermoplastic polymer materials, and vacuum hot pressing to obtain the composite material preform.

7. The method for preparing the double-sided self-supporting multi-level structure composite foam material as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The curing temperature is 60~120℃ and the time is 1~2 hours; the vacuum hot pressing temperature is 150~200℃ and the hot pressing time is 5~20 minutes.

8. A double-sided self-supporting multi-level composite foam material obtained by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

9. A triboelectric nanogenerator, characterized in that, It is self-assembled using the composite foaming material described in claim 8; wherein the mesh material is an electrode material.

10. An integrated triboelectric nanogenerator, characterized in that, The composite foam material of claim 8 is encapsulated by covering the upper and lower surfaces with a thermosetting elastomer composite film, wherein the thermosetting elastomer composite film is a thermosetting elastomer material with an embedded conductive metal mesh.

11. The integrated triboelectric nanogenerator as described in claim 10, characterized in that, Thermosetting elastomer composite films also contain dielectric ions or have patterned microstructures on their surface.

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