A method for constructing a geographic entity of a sea area

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of sea area geographic entity construction method.Belongs to the combination of GIS and knowledge graph.It includes the following steps:S1 for each sea area entity concept definition in the Convention on the Law of the Sea, relationship, rule, axiom etc. are carried out definiteness analysis;S2 according to the relationship between the upper and lower meanings, the relevant sea area content involved in ship navigation is divided into sea area hierarchy system and constructs sea area legal provisions information knowledge base;S3 according to the principle of international maritime demarcation, preliminary construction sea area geographic entity limit using GIS demarcation technology;S4 follow the topological relationship of geographic vector data, the reality objectivity and the principle of adjacent rationality of sea area distribution further revise entity;S5 sea area entity still needs to evolve and maintain in application practice subsequently.The present application is on the problem of maritime demarcation and sea area management principle, the problem of on-site demarcation difficulty on sea, implements sea area geographic entity construction, provides certain value reference for maintaining the marine rights and interests of each region.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of knowledge graphs, and in particular relates to a method for constructing marine geographic entities. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, the explosive growth of geographic information big data and the rapid development of deep learning have led to the initial automation of spatial information identification and extraction technologies in geospatial artificial intelligence (GeoAI), marking a step towards perceptual intelligence. In the GIS field, the construction of semantic relationships between spatial entities and the expression of geographic concepts have become pressing issues in new surveying and mapping. Knowledge graphs, using semantic networks as a descriptive framework, possess both technological universality and the specific characteristics of the geographic information field, demonstrating immense application potential in geographic knowledge understanding, geoscientific problem-solving, and spatiotemporal prediction. Geographic entity construction, as a fundamental step in building geographic knowledge graphs, possesses the spatiotemporal characteristics of geographic entities in the GIS field, maximizing the extraction and utilization of geographic knowledge services provided by maritime law, and marking the first step towards intelligent marine surveying. Furthermore, with the development of computer technology, maritime boundary demarcation technologies have successively implemented the application of Earth ellipsoid calculation models in models such as the parallel line method, the three-point method, and the iterative approximation method. However, due to the complexity of geographical locations and the inconsistency of baseline systems in various regions, unified multi-regional maritime boundary management has not been implemented, hindering the standardization of navigation for vessels in adjacent areas. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Purpose of the Invention: The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for constructing marine geographic entities to solve the aforementioned problems. From a GIS perspective, this invention addresses the difficulties in maritime delimitation by combining geographical knowledge and maritime legal rules. It adopts the idea of ​​combining knowledge graph technology with maritime delimitation GIS technology to design an overall framework for constructing marine geographic entities, thereby constructing marine geographic entities with legal knowledge.

[0004] Technical solution: A method for constructing marine geographic entities according to the present invention includes the following steps:

[0005] Step 1: Based on the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, determine the legal terminology, basic rights, restrictions and freedoms of each maritime entity, as well as the relationships, rules and axioms between them, according to the scope of application of each maritime geographical entity.

[0006] Step 2: Divide the sea area hierarchy according to the hierarchical relationship of each sea area entity type and the relevant sea area content involved in the navigation of ships in the sea area. The entity type can be constructed into a sea area legal information knowledge base according to the sea area type, regional type and ship type layers, and summarize a set of rules-based knowledge system for convenient marine surveys based on the sea convention.

[0007] Step 3: Based on international maritime delimitation principles, and using maritime delimitation methods based on applicable legal concepts and GIS delimitation technology, construct the geographical boundaries of maritime entities within the maritime hierarchical system.

[0008] Step 4: Based on the topological relationships of geographic vector data, the objective reality of sea area distribution, and the principle of adjacency rationality, the boundaries of sea area geographic entities are further modified to obtain sea area geographic entities;

[0009] Step 5: In the practical application of marine geographical entities, optimize the marine geographical entities based on objective geographical factors.

[0010] Furthermore, step 2 specifically includes the following steps:

[0011] Step 2-1: Based on the domain concept of marine entities, starting from the relevant marine entity concept terms, and considering the special nature of marine surveys requiring ship navigation to investigate the marine situation, conduct a marine system review and analysis based on the principle of starting from the mainland boundary and investigating from the inside out.

[0012] Step 2-2: Regarding the normative requirements for vessel passage, primarily aimed at facilitating regional marine resource surveys and regulating the navigation behavior of foreign vessels, since the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) mainly describes its detailed basic legal norms within a single coastal area, and much of the content concerns the passage and regulation of vessels between coastal areas and other areas, it is divided into two categories: coastal areas and flag-owned areas. Therefore, starting from the sea area type, and based on the hypernym and hyponym relationship, the relevant sea area content involved in vessel navigation is hierarchically divided. Sea area type is a hypernym, area type is a hyponym, and vessel type is a hyponym under the area type, establishing a hierarchical relationship between concepts and conceptual layers. Sea area types can be distinguished as internal waters, territorial sea, contiguous zone, exclusive economic zone, continental shelf, and high seas; area types include coastal areas, inland areas, archipelagic areas, flag-owned areas, all land areas, geographically unfavorable areas, and developed inland areas; vessel types need to be classified according to the specific application.

[0013] Steps 2-3: Construct a maritime legal information knowledge base. Based on the content of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, use the Chinese thesaurus model involved in ontology construction in the knowledge graph technology to set limited vocabulary, that is, a vocabulary-level concept table / attribute table, including words, phrases, keywords, etc. These concepts mainly have the literal meaning of the words themselves, to sort out the regional types of each sea area and the legal concept categories they contain, in order to distinguish and classify the concept attributes of each sea area, so as to achieve the purpose of quickly retrieving the legal knowledge of the corresponding sea area.

[0014] Furthermore, step 3 specifically includes the following steps:

[0015] Step 3-1: Generate the shortest distance buffer zone for each region based on the territorial sea baseline. Select the geodesic buffer zone using the parallel line method (i.e., a method based on the principle of plane geometry, which determines the outer boundary of the territorial sea based on a line parallel to the baseline and a distance of d). Select the circular endpoint according to the principle of the intersection circle method.

[0016] Step 3-2: Extract the overlapping and intersecting parts of adjacent sea areas, and organize the area type and category attributes of each sea area according to the content of the convention;

[0017] Step 3-3: Use the intersection negation tool to generate each sea area with imperfections, and remove the parts of each sea area that intersect with the mainland or exceed the range;

[0018] Steps 3-4: The endpoint of the sea area is determined based on the direction of the coastal boundary line and the ownership of the islands;

[0019] Steps 3-5: For large exclusive economic zones, exclude the island portions covered by their scope.

[0020] Furthermore, in cases where the territorial sea baseline of one region at the circular endpoint is divided into multiple segments, each segment needs to be generated separately. For the exclusive economic zone, the multi-component parts also need to use the merging and integration boundary.

[0021] Furthermore, step 4 specifically includes the following steps:

[0022] Step 4-1: Only the two endpoints of the internal water boundary are determined. The direction of the intermediate sea area boundary line needs to be derived using the two-point-three-point method to find the midpoint between the two sea areas. Finally, connecting these points forms an equidistant line, constituting the sea area boundary line. Ultimately, based on global national vector data, coastline data, territorial sea baseline data, and the sea area boundary line, the internal water extent of a single region is delineated. Similarly, the internal water extent of multiple regions is constructed one by one, referring to... Figure 6 ;

[0023] Steps 4-2 and 3 extract the overlapping areas of each sea area, which are the overlapping areas of two sea areas facing each other. The territorial sea and contiguous zone are only two overlapping sea areas, namely two adjacent sea areas and two sea areas facing each other. The exclusive economic zone involves the overlapping of three sea areas. According to the Convention, the distance between each point of the outer limit of the territorial sea and the nearest point of the baseline is equal to the width of the territorial sea. Here, a perpendicular line is drawn to the endpoint of the baseline of country B. The contiguous zone and the exclusive economic zone are consistent with the demarcation at the endpoint of the territorial sea. The boundary can be extended outward based on the 24-nautical-mile contiguous zone and the 200-nautical-mile exclusive economic zone, and the overlapping areas of the facing areas are extracted.

[0024] Step 4-3: For the territorial sea, contiguous zone, and exclusive economic zone, the issue of demarcating the sea areas of adjacent areas A and B is involved. Here, the two-point method is used, that is, pushing from the seaward side towards the land, rather than deriving outward from the end point of the land boundary. The midpoint of the line connecting the nearest territorial sea baselines of the two areas is selected as the termination point for equal-distance division. Both the contiguous zone and the exclusive economic zone are connected to the territorial sea. According to the topological relationship check, the contiguous zone does not include the territorial sea, so the territorial sea part needs to be erased. It is necessary to ensure that the boundary with the territorial sea is seamless. Due to the large area of ​​the exclusive economic zone, there are cases where it covers the territory of other areas. For the part of the territory not surrounded by baselines, the coastal area is not classified as a sea area type. Instead, the economic zone / sea area is used directly. Among them, since the boundary of the adjacent coastal areas needs to be demarcated, the main landward side should maintain a certain distance from the coastline of the coastal area and adapt to the places where the adjacent area has baselines. It should be able to include the scattered islands around the coastal area and shrink the boundary of the economic zone, that is, the outer boundary of the internal waters.

[0025] Furthermore, the "two-point-three-point method" specifically refers to:

[0026] Step 4-1-1: According to the two-point method, the line connecting the nearest territorial sea baselines of regions A and B is divided at equal distances. The midpoint of the result is the termination point and is set as the farthest point of the boundary between adjacent coastal areas, M0, which is also the starting point of the three-point method. The line is drawn from this point toward the land side, rather than from the endpoint of the land boundary outwards.

[0027] Step 4-1-2: Using the three-point method, determine the remaining equidistant points by taking the termination point as the farthest point on the land side of the two adjacent areas. Take a point A1 and B1 on the coastline of areas A and B, and draw the perpendicular bisector p1q1 through A1B1 to intersect A1B1.

[0028] Step 4-1-3: Continue moving p1q1 along the vertical bisector toward the land side until the nearest point A2 on the coast of area A;

[0029] Step 4-1-4: Draw the perpendicular bisector of line A2B1, p2q2, which intersects line p1q1 at point M1. M1 is equidistant from A1, A2, and B1.

[0030] Step 4-1-5: Continue moving inland towards p2q2 until you reach point B2, the closest point on the coast of area B;

[0031] Step 4-1-6: Construct the perpendicular bisector p3q3 of A2B2, so that M2 is equidistant from points A2, B1, and B2;

[0032] Step 4-1-7: Derive the midpoint of the entire sea area using the same method, and select M* = {M1, M2, ..., M} according to the specific situation. nPoint M0 serves as the dividing point, connecting M* to the endpoint of the continental boundary facing the sea in both regions, and finally forming an equidistant line.

[0033] Furthermore, step 5 specifically includes the following steps:

[0034] Step 5-1: Based on the spatial quality evaluation standards for geographic data, and considering the impracticality of marine surveying, in order to inspect the constructed marine geographic entity data, an internal inspection method was adopted, including computer-aided inspection and manual inspection, to check and correct the topological relationships and topological consistency between points, lines, and surfaces in the marine area correction, and to eliminate line-surface and surface overlaps and gaps between surfaces.

[0035] Step 5-2: Judge the marine geographic entity knowledge base based on the following three points: First, whether it meets the requirements of event-driven and task-oriented organization; second, whether the concepts and terms in the entities are clearly defined and unambiguous according to the descriptions stipulated in the convention; and third, the completeness of the relationships and attributes in the entities and the accuracy of the logical relationships.

[0036] Step 5-3: Learn from and absorb knowledge in the marine field, and update and improve the concepts, attribute relationships, and associations of the new geographic entities needed in the corresponding classification knowledge base.

[0037] Beneficial effects: Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following significant advantages: The present invention addresses the issue of maritime boundary delimitation in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, which is mostly a matter of principle and textual norms, and the difficulty of setting up points for delimitation at sea. Starting from legal concepts, the present invention constructs a high-precision equidistant maritime boundary delimitation method that conforms to internationally accepted technical standards to establish maritime geographical entities. Therefore, this invention, starting from the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and combining textual knowledge graph technology, summarizes a method for constructing maritime geographic entities that transcends the limitations of single-region demarcation and conforms to multiple regional scopes. Here, the territorial sea baseline drawing method is limited to a straight baseline system. A seven-step method is used to design a feasible entity construction framework from legal concepts to maritime demarcation. Without considering the influence of ellipsoid curvature, the parallel line method of the marine domain is used to initially construct multi-regional maritime geographic entities. The two-point method and the two-point-three-point method solve the problem of demarcating adjacent coastal areas and extracting overlapping areas of coastal areas. At the same time, it solves the problem of delineating the reasonable economic zone location range of the blank area of ​​the territorial sea baseline and realizing a method for constructing maritime geographic entities from concepts to multiple regional scopes without dominating the median line demarcation of the current coastal areas. This provides technical support for marine surveys and ship navigation regulations for the delineation and application of the location range of maritime geographic entities. Attached Figure Description

[0038] Figure 1 This is a roadmap of the method of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the hierarchical relationship of marine geographical entities provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the location relationships of marine geographical entities provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the detailed interrelationships of marine geographical entities provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 5 A flowchart illustrating the preliminary generation process of marine geographic entities provided in this embodiment of the invention;

[0043] Figure 6 A flowchart illustrating the water generation process within a single area, as provided in this embodiment of the invention;

[0044] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the boundary between adjacent coastal areas provided in this embodiment of the invention; (a) the principle of the "three-point method" model; (b) a schematic diagram of the boundary of the sea area;

[0045] Figure 8 The following are schematic diagrams illustrating the physical representation of the territorial sea, contiguous zone, and exclusive economic zone of the agreement defined in this invention: (a) schematic diagram of the endpoint of the territorial sea; (b) schematic diagram of the overlapping area of ​​the coastal regions. Detailed Implementation

[0046] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0047] Please see Figure 1 This invention provides a technical solution: a method for constructing marine geographic entities, comprising the following steps:

[0048] S1: Based on the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, and according to the scope of application of each maritime geographical entity, determine the legal terminology, basic rights, restrictions and freedoms of each maritime entity, as well as the relationships, rules and axioms between each maritime entity;

[0049] S2: Based on the hierarchical relationships between various maritime entity types and the relevant maritime content involved in ship navigation within those maritime areas, a maritime hierarchical system is established. Entity categories can be structured into a maritime legal information knowledge base according to maritime type, regional type, and ship type layers. This summarizes a set of entity-based, rule-based, and convenient marine survey knowledge systems from the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, referencing... Figures 2-4 ;

[0050] S3: Based on international maritime delimitation principles, and utilizing applicable legal concepts and GIS delimitation technology, construct maritime geographic entity boundaries within a maritime hierarchical system, referring to... Figure 5 ;

[0051] S4: Further refine entities in accordance with the principles of topological relationships in geographic vector data, realistic and objective distribution of sea areas, and rational adjacency analysis;

[0052] S5: Marine entities still need to be continuously evolved and maintained in practical applications.

[0053] Based on the above scheme, step S2 includes the following detailed steps:

[0054] S2-1: Based on the domain concept of marine entities, starting from the relevant marine entity concept terminology, and taking into account the special nature of marine surveys requiring ship navigation to investigate marine conditions, the marine system review and analysis are carried out from the mainland boundary outwards according to the principle of conducting surveys.

[0055] S2-2: Regarding the normative requirements for vessel passage primarily aimed at facilitating regional marine resource surveys and regulating the navigation behavior of foreign vessels, since the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea mainly describes its detailed basic legal norms within a single coastal area, and much of the content concerns the passage and regulation of vessels between coastal areas and other areas, it is divided into two categories: coastal areas and flag-owned areas. Therefore, starting from the type of sea area, and based on the hypernym and hyponym relationship, the content of the sea area for vessel navigation is divided into hierarchical levels. Sea area type is a hypernym, area type is a hyponym, and vessel type is a hyponym under area type, establishing a hierarchical relationship of concepts and conceptual layers; sea area types can be distinguished as internal waters, territorial sea, contiguous zone, exclusive economic zone, etc. Area types include coastal areas, inland areas, archipelagic areas, flag-owned areas, etc. Vessel types need to be classified according to the specific application object (see reference). Figure 2 , 3 );

[0056] S2-3: Based on the three main components of an entity: class, attribute, relation, and instance; class, attribute, and relation; class, attribute. Furthermore, geographic entities include semantic relation attributes and location relation attributes, which requires a close connection between the expression of spatial relations and the setting of rules. Considering the rigor and complexity of legal texts, a maritime legal information knowledge base is constructed, including classes, attributes, relations, instances, constraints, rules, and axioms, and the regional and type attributes of each maritime area are standardized (refer to...). Figure 4 Its semantic and relational attributes are shown in Tables 1 and 2:

[0057] Table 1. Terminology for Marine Area Concepts

[0058]

[0059] Table 2. Sea Area Types

[0060]

[0061] Preferably, step S3 includes the following detailed steps:

[0062] S3-1: Generate the shortest distance buffer zone for each region's territorial sea baseline. Here, the parallel line method geodesic buffer zone is selected. The endpoint type is selected as a circular endpoint according to the principle of circular intersection (if a region's territorial sea baseline is divided into multiple lines, each line needs to be generated separately; for the exclusive economic zone, multiple components also need to use merging and merging boundaries). In the marine domain, the specific steps of the parallel line method are as follows:

[0063] 1. Determine the territorial sea baseline: Each region has its own territorial sea baseline, which is usually a virtual line drawn along the coastline to separate the territorial sea from other waters. Currently, this is limited to the case of a straight baseline.

[0064] 2. Draw parallel lines: Starting from each point on the baseline, draw a line parallel to the baseline and at a distance d. These parallel lines will form a series of lines parallel to the baseline.

[0065] 3. Inflection point treatment: When the parallel line reaches the inflection point of the territorial sea boundary, draw a circle with the convex point as the center and a radius of d on the convex side. The circle is the boundary of the territorial sea.

[0066] S3-2: Extract the overlapping and intersecting parts of adjacent areas (for the overlapping parts of three sea areas, the overlapping areas of two sea areas can be extracted again), and organize the area type and type attributes of each sea area according to the convention.

[0067] S3-3: Use the intersection negation tool to generate each sea area with imperfections, and reasonably delete the parts that intersect with the mainland or exceed the range;

[0068] S3-4: The area at the endpoint of the sea area shall be reasonably determined based on the direction of the coastal boundary line and the ownership of the islands;

[0069] S3-5: For larger exclusive economic zones, the island portions covered by the zone also need to be excluded.

[0070] Preferably, step S4 includes the following detailed steps:

[0071] S4-1: Only the two endpoints of the internal water boundary are determined. The direction of the intermediate sea area boundary line needs to be derived from the midpoint of the two sea areas using a two-point-three-point method model. Finally, connecting these points forms an equidistant line, constituting the sea area boundary line. Ultimately, the internal water extent of a single region is delineated based on global country vector data, coastline data, territorial sea baseline data, and the sea area boundary line. Similarly, the internal water extent of multiple regions is constructed one by one, referring to... Figure 6 The process of drawing equidistant lines along water within adjacent coastal areas:

[0072] 1. According to the two-point method, the line connecting the nearest territorial sea baselines of regions A and B is divided at equal distances. The midpoint of the result is the termination point and is set as the farthest point of the boundary between adjacent coastal areas, M0, which is also the starting point of the three-point method. The line is drawn from this point toward the land side, rather than from the endpoint of the land boundary outwards.

[0073] 2. Using the three-point method, determine the remaining equidistant points by taking the termination point as the farthest point from the land side of the two adjacent areas. Take a point A1 and B1 on the coastline of areas A and B (excluding the nearby island line), and draw the perpendicular bisector p1q1 through A1B1 to intersect A1B1.

[0074] 3. Continue moving p1q1 along the perpendicular bisector toward the land side until you reach the nearest point A2 on the coast of area A;

[0075] 4. Draw the perpendicular bisector of line A2B1, p2q2, which intersects line p1q1 at point M1. M1 is equidistant from A1, A2, and B1.

[0076] 5. Continue moving inland towards p2q2 until you reach point B2, the closest point on the coast of area B;

[0077] 6. Draw the perpendicular bisector p3q3 of A2B2, so that M2 is equidistant from points A2, B1, and B2;

[0078] 7. Derive the midpoint of the entire sea area using the same method, and select M according to the specific situation. * ={M 1, M 2,…, M n Point M0 serves as the dividing point, connecting M to M * The endpoints of the two continental regions facing the sea are connected to form equidistant lines. Please refer to [reference needed]. Figure 7 ;

[0079] S4-2: For areas where territorial sea baselines are incomplete, since area A has blank areas with territorial sea baselines, the sea area will be used as a substitute. Secondly, when extending the sea area boundary vertically from the territorial sea baselines, considering the large area of ​​the exclusive economic zone and its overlap with the opposite coastal area, but the fact that the two opposite coastal areas are not completely parallel and also have adjacent areas, the boundary line between areas A and B will be selected as the line connecting the relative coastal area boundaries. Please refer to [reference needed]. Figure 7 ;

[0080] S4-3: Delineation of overlapping areas between opposing coastlines. According to the Convention, the distance between each point on the outer boundary of the territorial sea and the nearest point on the baseline is equal to the breadth of the territorial sea. Here, a perpendicular line is drawn to the endpoint of the baseline in area B. The contiguous zone and exclusive economic zone are consistent with the delineation at the endpoint of the territorial sea. This is done by extending outwards from the 24-nautical-mile contiguous zone and the 200-nautical-mile exclusive economic zone, and extracting the overlapping area between opposing coastlines. Please refer to [reference needed]. Figure 8 ;

[0081] S4-4: For the territorial sea, contiguous zone, and exclusive economic zone, the issue of demarcating the sea areas of adjacent areas A and B is involved. Here, the two-point method is used, that is, pushing from the seaward side towards the land, rather than deriving outward from the end of the land boundary. The midpoint of the line connecting the nearest territorial sea baselines of the two areas is selected as the termination point for equal-distance division. Both the contiguous zone and the exclusive economic zone are connected to the territorial sea. According to the topological relationship check, the contiguous zone does not include the territorial sea and needs to erase the territorial sea part, but it is necessary to ensure that there is no gap between the boundary adjacent to the territorial sea. Due to the large area of ​​the exclusive economic zone, there are cases where it covers the territory of other areas. For the part of the territory not surrounded by baselines, the coastal area is not classified as a sea area type, and the economic zone / sea area is used directly instead. Among them, since the boundary of adjacent coastal areas needs to be demarcated, the main landward side is kept at a certain distance from the coastline of the coastal area and is adapted to the places where there are baselines in the adjacent areas. It can include the scattered islands around the coastal area and shrink the boundary of the economic zone, that is, the outer boundary of the internal waters.

[0082] Preferably, step S5 includes the following detailed steps:

[0083] S5-1: According to the spatial quality evaluation standard for geographic data, due to the impracticality of marine surveying, in order to detect the constructed marine entity data, internal inspection methods were adopted, including computer-aided inspection and manual inspection. This is reflected in the marine area correction in the previous section, including topological consistency checks and corrections of the topological relationships (surface-to-surface, surface-to-line, surface-to-point, line-to-line, line-to-point, etc.) between points, lines, and surfaces, eliminating line-to-surface and surface-to-surface overlaps and gaps between surfaces.

[0084] S5-2: The knowledge base of maritime entities can be judged based on three points: First, whether it meets the requirements of event-driven and task-oriented organization; second, whether the concepts and terms in the entities are clearly defined and unambiguous according to the descriptions stipulated in the Convention; and third, the completeness of the relationships and attributes in the entities and the accuracy of the logical relationships.

[0085] S5-3: Due to coastline and geographical factors, the construction of marine entities for geographic events is not static. It is a process of continuous improvement and refinement. It requires continuous reference to and absorption of domain knowledge, and continuous updating and improvement of the concepts, attribute relationships, and associations of new geographic entities required in the corresponding classification knowledge base in practice.

[0086] The preferred embodiments of the present invention disclosed above are merely illustrative of the invention. These preferred embodiments do not exhaustively describe all details, nor do they limit the invention to the specific implementations described. Clearly, many modifications and variations can be made based on the content of this specification. This specification selects and specifically describes these embodiments to better explain the principles and practical applications of the invention, thereby enabling those skilled in the art to better understand and utilize the invention. The invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for constructing marine geographic entities, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Based on the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, determine the legal terminology, fundamental rights, restrictions and freedoms, as well as the relationships, rules and axioms between the various maritime entities, according to the scope of application of each maritime geographical entity. Step 2: Divide the sea area hierarchy according to the hierarchical relationship of each sea area entity type and the relevant sea area content involved in the navigation of ships in the sea area. Construct a sea area legal information knowledge base according to sea area type, region type and ship type, and construct a rule-based marine survey knowledge system based on entities in the Convention on the Law of the Sea. Step 3: Based on international maritime delimitation principles, and using maritime delimitation methods based on applicable legal concepts and GIS delimitation technology, construct the geographical boundaries of maritime entities within the maritime hierarchical system. Step 4: Based on the topological relationships of geographic vector data, the objective reality of sea area distribution, and the principle of adjacency rationality, the boundaries of sea area geographic entities are further modified to obtain sea area geographic entities; Step 4 specifically includes the following steps: Step 4-1: The boundary of the internal waters is determined only by the two ends. The direction of the boundary line in the middle sea area needs to be derived by the two-point-three-point method model to find the midpoint of the two sea areas. Finally, the points are connected to form an equidistant line to form the boundary line of the sea area. Finally, the internal water range of a single area is delineated based on the vector data, coastline data, territorial sea baseline data and the boundary line of each area. Similarly, the internal waters of multiple areas are constructed one by one. Steps 4-2 and 3 extract the overlapping areas of each sea area, which are the overlapping areas of two sea areas facing each other. The territorial sea and contiguous zone only overlap two sea areas, namely two adjacent sea areas and two sea areas facing each other. The exclusive economic zone involves the overlapping of three sea areas. According to the Convention, the distance between each point of the outer limit of the territorial sea and the nearest point of the baseline is equal to the width of the territorial sea. Here, a perpendicular line is drawn to the endpoint of the baseline of Country B. The contiguous zone and the exclusive economic zone are consistent with the demarcation at the endpoint of the territorial sea. Based on the 24-nautical-mile contiguous zone and the 200-nautical-mile exclusive economic zone, the overlapping areas of the facing areas are extracted. Step 4-3: For the territorial sea, contiguous zone, and exclusive economic zone, the issue of demarcating the sea areas of adjacent areas A and B is involved. The two-point method is used, i.e., pushing from the seaward side towards the land, rather than deriving outward from the endpoint of the land boundary. The midpoint of the line connecting the nearest territorial sea baselines of the two areas is selected as the termination point for equal-distance division. Both the contiguous zone and the exclusive economic zone are adjacent to the territorial sea. According to the topological check, the contiguous zone does not include the territorial sea, so the territorial sea portion needs to be erased, ensuring seamless treatment of the boundary adjacent to the territorial sea. Due to the large area of ​​the exclusive economic zone, it may cover the territory of other areas, and there may be areas of territory not enclosed by baselines. Here, the coastal area is not classified into sea areas; instead, the economic zone / sea area is used directly. Since the boundary between adjacent coastal areas needs to be demarcated, the landward side maintains a certain distance from the coastline of the coastal area, adapting to the locations where the adjacent area has baselines, and can include the scattered islands around the coastal area, shrinking the boundary of the economic zone, i.e., the outer boundary of the internal waters. Step 5: In the practical application of marine geographical entities, optimize the marine geographical entities based on objective geographical factors.

2. The method for constructing marine geographic entities according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step 2 specifically includes the following steps: Step 2-1: Based on the domain concept of marine entities, starting from the relevant marine entity concept terms, and considering the special nature of marine surveys requiring ship navigation to investigate the marine situation, conduct a marine system review and analysis based on the principle of starting from the mainland boundary and investigating from the inside out. Step 2-2: Based on the regulatory requirements for facilitating regional marine resource surveys and regulating the navigation behavior of foreign vessels, the process is divided into coastal areas and flag-owned areas. Starting from the sea area type, and according to the hypothetical and superordinate relationships, the sea area content for vessel navigation is hierarchically divided. Sea area type is a hypernym, region type is a hyponym, and vessel type is a hyponym under the region type, establishing a hierarchical relationship between concepts and conceptual layers. Sea area types can be distinguished as internal waters, territorial sea, contiguous zone, exclusive economic zone, continental shelf, and high seas. Region types include coastal areas, inland areas, archipelagic areas, flag-owned areas, all land areas, geographically unfavorable areas, and developed inland areas. Vessel types are classified according to specific application objects. Steps 2-3: Construct a knowledge base of maritime legal information, and organize and standardize the regional types and legal concepts of each sea area according to the content of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea.

3. The method for constructing marine geographic entities according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step 3 specifically includes the following steps: Step 3-1: Generate the shortest distance buffer zone for each region based on the territorial sea baseline. Select the geodesic buffer zone using the parallel line method and select the circular endpoints based on the principle of the intersection of circles. The parallel line method is a method based on the principle of plane geometry, which determines the outer boundary of the territorial sea based on a line that is parallel to the baseline and is d away from it. Step 3-2: Extract the overlapping and intersecting parts of adjacent sea areas, and define the area type and category attributes of each sea area; Step 3-3: Use the intersection negation tool to generate each sea area with imperfections, and remove the parts of each sea area that intersect with the mainland or exceed the range; Steps 3-4: The endpoint of the sea area is determined based on the direction of the coastal boundary line and the ownership of the islands; Steps 3-5: For large exclusive economic zones, exclude the island portions covered by their scope.

4. The method for constructing marine geographic entities according to claim 3, characterized in that, In the case where the territorial sea baseline of one of the circular endpoints is divided into multiple segments, each segment needs to be generated separately. For the exclusive economic zone, the multi-component parts also need to use the merging and integration boundary.

5. The method for constructing marine geographic entities according to claim 1, characterized in that, The two-point-three-point method is specifically as follows: Step 4-1-1: According to the two-point method, the line connecting the nearest territorial sea baselines of regions A and B is divided at equal distances. The midpoint of the result is the termination point and is set as the farthest point of the boundary between adjacent coastal areas, M0, which is also the starting point of the three-point method. The line is drawn from this point toward the land side, rather than from the endpoint of the land boundary outwards. Step 4-1-2: Using the three-point method, determine the remaining equidistant points by taking the termination point as the farthest point on the land side of the two adjacent areas. Take a point A1 and B1 on the coastline of areas A and B, and draw the perpendicular bisector p1q1 through A1B1 to intersect A1B1. Step 4-1-3: Continue moving p1q1 along the vertical bisector toward the land side until the nearest point A2 on the coast of area A; Step 4-1-4: Draw the perpendicular bisector of line A2B1, p2q2, which intersects line p1q1 at point M1. M1 is equidistant from A1, A2, and B1. Step 4-1-5: Continue moving inland towards p2q2 until you reach point B2, the closest point on the coast of area B; Step 4-1-6: Construct the perpendicular bisector p3q3 of A2B2, so that M2 is equidistant from points A2, B1, and B2; Step 4-1-7: Derive the midpoint of the entire sea area using the same method, and select M* = {M1, M2, ..., M} according to the specific situation. n Point M0 serves as the dividing point, connecting M* to the endpoint of the continental boundary facing the sea in both regions, and finally forming an equidistant line.

6. The method for constructing marine geographic entities according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step 5 specifically includes the following steps: Step 5-1: Based on the spatial quality evaluation standards for geographic data, and considering the impracticality of marine surveying, in order to inspect the constructed marine geographic entity data, an internal inspection method was adopted, including computer-aided inspection and manual inspection, to check and correct the topological relationships and topological consistency between points, lines, and surfaces in the marine area correction, and to eliminate line-surface and surface overlaps and gaps between surfaces. Step 5-2: Judge the marine geographic entity knowledge base based on the following three points: First, whether it meets the requirements of event-driven and task-oriented organization; second, whether the concepts and terms in the entities are clearly defined and unambiguous according to the descriptions stipulated in the convention; and third, the completeness of the relationships and attributes in the entities and the accuracy of the logical relationships. Step 5-3: Learn from and absorb knowledge in the marine field, and update and improve the concepts, attribute relationships, and associations of the new geographic entities needed in the corresponding classification knowledge base.

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