Indoor smoke and fire characteristics training system

Abstract

This invention relates to an indoor smoke and fire characteristics training system, comprising a detachable prefabricated house. The prefabricated house forms an adjacent first and second area via exterior and interior walls. Multiple observation windows are provided on the exterior walls. Combustion ignition points are arranged within the second area. An escape door is installed on the exterior wall away from the second area. Partition doors and multiple backfire windows are installed on the interior walls between the second and first areas. The second area is connected to the outside of the prefabricated house via a Venturi tube, with a fan installed outside the Venturi tube. In this indoor smoke and fire characteristics training system, instructors can control and observe backfire by opening and closing the backfire windows, observe flashover effects by opening and closing the observation windows, and control and observe flashover effects by opening and closing the partition doors. The flashover scenario can be repeatedly simulated. Through a combination of preset and on-site control, multiple situations can be simulated in a single scenario, providing specialized training for firefighters while ensuring safety.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of fire simulation technology, and in particular to an indoor smoke and fire characteristics training system. Background Technology

[0002] Flashover and backfire are common, sudden phenomena in building fires that cause widespread combustion. They occur when the concentration of combustible and unburned gases in the rooms filled by a fire reaches a certain level, leading to a deflagration that ignites combustibles in other rooms that were not in contact with the fire. This poses a serious threat to the lives of trapped individuals and rescuers during actual rescue operations.

[0003] The fire simulation training methods currently used in relevant professional drills are intended to deepen the intuitive and dynamic understanding of commanders, firefighters, and part-time firefighters regarding the occurrence, development, and flashover phenomena of indoor fires in buildings, and to promote their practical firefighting and rescue capabilities. However, these fire simulation training methods basically adopt fixed combustion methods, combustion steps, combustion time, fuel supply, and spread rate, and limit each step to the second level. Their simulation is limited, cannot distinguish the diverse effects of flashover, and cannot reflect the principle that on-site command takes precedence over emergency plans. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to provide an indoor smoke and fire characteristics training system that can reproduce flashover scenarios, combines pre-set and on-site control, and provides specialized training for firefighters while ensuring safety, in order to address the aforementioned technical problems.

[0005] An indoor smoke and fire characteristics training system includes a detachable prefabricated house. The prefabricated house forms an adjacent first area and a second area through an outer wall and an inner wall. Multiple observation windows are provided on the outer wall. Combustion ignition points are arranged in the second area. An escape door is installed on the outer wall away from the second area. A partition door and multiple backfire windows are respectively installed on the inner wall between the second area and the first area. The second area is connected to the outside of the prefabricated house through a Venturi tube. A fan is installed on the outside of the Venturi tube.

[0006] Furthermore, a high-level safety line is installed on the inner wall of the prefabricated house.

[0007] Furthermore, the prefabricated house includes a fixing base, wall panels, and a corner. The corner is located at the corner of the prefabricated house, and the corner is spliced ​​with multiple wall panels to form a wall surface. The top and bottom of the wall surface are fixed by the fixing base.

[0008] Furthermore, the wall surface includes multiple pairs of wall panels arranged longitudinally opposite each other, and the multiple pairs of wall panels are arranged in a horizontal array and interlocked with each other.

[0009] Furthermore, the fixing base has a slot, and the side of the slot near the outside of the prefabricated house has multiple spaced limiting blocks. The limiting blocks are hinged to the fixing base by torsion springs, and one end of the wall panel is engaged in the slot, with the limiting blocks abutting against the wall panel.

[0010] Furthermore, two longitudinally adjacent wall panels each have matching L-shaped hooks and L-shaped grooves.

[0011] Furthermore, a disassembly plate is divided at the L-shaped groove of the wall panel, and the connection between the disassembly plate and the corresponding wall panel is an inclined surface. The inclined surface of the disassembly plate has a protrusion, and the inclined surface of the wall panel has an inclined groove corresponding to the shape of the protrusion.

[0012] Furthermore, the width of the inclined groove is greater than the width of the protrusion.

[0013] Furthermore, the bottom side of the protrusion and the bottom side of the inclined groove are mutually matching arc shapes.

[0014] Furthermore, temperature sensors and cameras are installed inside the prefabricated houses.

[0015] The aforementioned indoor smoke and fire characteristic training system, by setting a ignition point in the second area and igniting it, allows instructors to control and observe the backfire by opening and closing the backfire window, observe the flashover effect by opening and closing the observation window, and control and observe the flashover effect by opening and closing the compartment door. This flashover scenario can be repeatedly realized. Through a combination of preset and on-site control, multiple situations can be simulated in a single scenario. Under the premise of ensuring safety, it provides specialized training for firefighters. Furthermore, the system is controlled by professional instructors, which can simulate flashover phenomena of various degrees and ensure the safety of trainees, in line with the principle that on-site command in fire rescue takes precedence over emergency plans. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an indoor smoke and fire characteristics training system in one embodiment;

[0017] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the wall surface of the prefabricated house;

[0018] Figure 3 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the connection structure between the central wall panel and the corner;

[0019] Figure 4 This is a structural schematic diagram of a limiting block and its corresponding wall panel in one embodiment;

[0020] Figure 5 This is a structural schematic diagram of the disassembly plate and the corresponding wall panel in one embodiment.

[0021] In the diagram: 100, Prefabricated house; 110, First area; 120, Second area; 130, Fixing seat; 131, Slot; 132, Limiting block; 133, Hinge; 140, Wall panel; 141, L-shaped hook; 142, L-shaped groove; 143, Disassembly plate; 144, Protrusion; 145, Inclined groove; 150, Corner; 160, Protrusion; 170, Groove; 200, Observation window; 300, Escape door; 400, Combustion ignition point; 500, Backfire window; 600, Compartment door; 700, Venturi tube; 800, Fan. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] like Figure 1 As shown, in one embodiment, an indoor smoke and fire characteristics training system includes a detachable prefabricated house 100. The prefabricated house 100 forms an adjacent first area 110 and a second area 120 through exterior and interior walls. The prefabricated house can be constructed with an area between 4m x 8m and 10m x 15m depending on conditions, and a height of 2.5m to 3.5m. The area of ​​the second area 120 is between 5m x 4m and 6m x 8m. Multiple observation windows 200 are provided on the exterior walls. Typically, 2 to 5 1.2m x 2m observation windows 200 are provided depending on training needs. Through the observation windows 200, the situation inside the prefabricated house 100 can be observed, and the air circulation area inside and outside the prefabricated house 100 can be adjusted. The second zone 120 contains a combustion ignition point 400. Two escape doors 300 are installed on the exterior wall away from the second zone 120. The inner wall between the second zone 120 and the first zone 110 contains partition doors 600 and multiple 0.5m x 0.5m backfire windows 500. The second zone 120 is connected to the exterior of the prefabricated building 100 via a Venturi tube 700. A fan 800 is installed outside the Venturi tube 700, which adjusts the amount of air entering the second zone 120. High safety lines are marked on the walls of the prefabricated building 100. The height of the high safety lines may vary in different zones. Instructors can monitor in real time whether the trainees' heads exceed the high safety line, keeping them below the line to ensure their safety. Simultaneously, multiple temperature sensors and cameras are installed in both the first zone 110 and the second zone 120 to detect the temperature and observe the conditions in each zone.

[0024] During training, a ignition point 400 is set up in the second area (120°C) and ignited. The fuel used for the ignition point is primarily wood and clothing. Observers / coaching instructors, through observation, arrange for trainees to enter the training area. Inside the room, the free spread of smoke and heat and the flashover effect can be observed. Instructor A opens and closes the flashback window 500°C as needed to control and observe the flashback, opens and closes the observation window 200°C as needed to observe the flashover effect while controlling the air intake, and opens and closes the compartment door 600°C as needed to control and observe the flashback effect. Instructor B continuously monitors the trainees' condition and whether any trainees' heads exceed the high safety line, and monitors the temperature using temperature sensors in each area. This process is repeated until the training ends.

[0025] The aforementioned indoor smoke and fire characteristic training system uses a ignition point 400 set in the second zone 120. After ignition, the instructor can control and observe the backfire by opening and closing the backfire window 500, observe the flashover effect by opening and closing the observation window 200, and control and observe the flashover effect by opening and closing the compartment door 600. This flashover scenario can be repeatedly simulated. Through a combination of preset and on-site control, multiple situations can be simulated in a single scenario. Under the premise of ensuring safety, it provides specialized training for trainees. Furthermore, the system is controlled by professional instructors, simulating various degrees of flashover phenomena and ensuring the safety of trainees, which conforms to the principle that on-site command in fire rescue takes precedence over emergency plans. The fan 800 is used to precisely control the indoor air intake speed, thereby controlling the fire process.

[0026] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, in this embodiment, the prefabricated house 100 consists of a fixing base 130, wall panels 140, and corner units 150. The corner units 150 are located at the corners of the prefabricated house 100. Multiple wall panels 140 are arrayed and spliced ​​to form a wall surface, and are fixed between adjacent corner units 150. The top and bottom ends of the wall surface are both secured by the fixing base 130. Adjacent wall panels 140 are interlocked with each other.

[0027] The prefabricated house 100, composed of interlocking and splicing fixing bases 130, wall panels 140, and corner units 150, can be easily disassembled, moved, and reassembled. Adjacent wall panels 140 and corner units 150 are connected by protrusions 160 and grooves 170. Specifically, one side of the wall panel 140 has a protrusion 160, and the other side has a groove 170; one side of the corner unit 150 has a protrusion 160, and the other side has a groove 170. The protrusion 160 is a triangle with a smooth, rounded end, facilitating installation and improving safety.

[0028] like Figure 4As shown, in this embodiment, a slot 131 is provided on the fixing base 130. A limit block 132 is hinged to the side of the slot 131 near the outside of the prefabricated house 100 via a hinge 133 and a torsion spring. The limit block 132 can rotate unidirectionally to the outside of the prefabricated house 100. One end of the wall panel 140 is engaged in the slot 131 and fits against the side of the limit block 132. Specifically, the wall panel 140 at the bottom of the wall is engaged in the slot 131 of the fixing base 130 at the bottom. The limit blocks 132 are spaced apart, and the sidewalls of the slots 131 between adjacent limit blocks 132 are fixed. Under normal conditions, the limit blocks 132 are perpendicular to the bottom surface of the slots 131. When the wall panel 140 installed at the limiting block 132 is subjected to an impact force originating from the inside of the prefabricated house 100, the wall panel 140 is forced to compress the corresponding limiting block 132, causing the limiting block 132 to rotate. This facilitates the wall panel's detachment, allowing trainees to quickly push the wall panel 140 away and evacuate in case of unpredictable emergencies during training, ensuring their safety. Simultaneously, even if some or all of the wall panels 140 detach under pressure, the remaining wall panels 140, as supports for the prefabricated house 100, remain unaffected, maintaining good stability and preventing collapse. Furthermore, the limiting block 132 only facilitates the detachment of the wall panel 140 when subjected to an impact force originating from the inside of the prefabricated house 100. Under external forces, the wall panel 140 is difficult to detach due to the sidewall of the slot 131. Therefore, the wall panel 140 is relatively stable, ensuring the overall stability of the prefabricated house 100. In use, the end of the wall panel 140 is inserted into the slot 131, with the end of the wall panel 140 located at the bottom of the slot 131. The limiting block 132, under the action of a torsion spring, abuts against the wall panel 140, preventing the wall panel 140 from easily falling off. When a pushing force is applied to the wall panel 140 from the inside, the end of the wall panel 140 will tilt outwards from the prefabricated house 100, and the end of the limiting block 132 away from the hinge 133 will rotate, allowing the wall panel 140 to be disassembled. This design makes the wall panel 140 easy to break and disassemble, with low replacement costs, facilitating wall breaking by trainees in emergency situations and subsequent replacement of the wall panel 140.

[0029] like Figure 5 As shown, in this embodiment, two longitudinally adjacent wall panels 140 are connected by an L-shaped hook 141 and an L-shaped groove 142. During installation, the L-shaped hook 141 needs to be pushed into the L-shaped groove 142 from the side to ensure good longitudinal stability of the two adjacent wall panels 140. The top of the wall panel 140, which corresponds to the limiting block 132, is divided into a disassembly plate 143 from the side wall of the L-shaped groove 142. The disassembly plate 143 is installed on a slope with the wall panel 140. The slope of the disassembly plate 143 has a protrusion 144, the bottom of which is arc-shaped. The slope of the wall panel 140 has a groove 145, the width of which is greater than the width of the protrusion 144, and the bottom of the groove 145 has an arc shape corresponding to the bottom of the protrusion 144.

[0030] When installing and using the wall panel 140 with the disassembly plate 143, the protrusion 144 of the disassembly plate 143 is first installed in the inclined groove 145 of the wall panel 140. At this time, the disassembly plate 143 and the corresponding wall panel 140 are combined to form an L-shaped groove. The L-shaped hook 141 of the adjacent wall panel 140 is pushed into the L-shaped groove 142 from the side, and the top of the disassembly plate 143 abuts against the bottom of the wall panel 140, so that the protrusion 144 is pressed into the inclined groove 145, and the arc-shaped bottom side of the protrusion 144 is tightly fitted with the arc-shaped bottom side of the inclined groove 145, so that the disassembly plate 143 will not easily fall off when subjected to lateral external force, and the connection between the two adjacent wall panels 140 has good stability.

[0031] In the event of an emergency inside the prefabricated house 100, when the trainee pushes the wall panel 140 corresponding to the limiting block 132, the limiting block 132 rotates under force, causing the bottom of the corresponding wall panel 140 to detach. At this time, under the action of the pushing force, the top of the pushed wall panel 140 rotates, and the arc-shaped bottom side of the inclined groove 145 rotates relative to the arc-shaped bottom side of the protrusion 144, causing the protrusion 144 to detach, allowing the L-shaped hook 141 to disengage from the L-shaped groove in time, and the wall panel 140 is removed, facilitating the timely evacuation of the trainee.

[0032] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementations of the present invention, and while the descriptions are specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of this patent should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. An indoor smoke and fire characteristics training system, characterized in that, The system includes a detachable prefabricated house, which forms an adjacent first area and a second area through an outer wall and an inner wall. The outer wall has multiple observation windows. The second area has a combustion point. An escape door is installed on the outer wall away from the second area. The inner wall between the second area and the first area has a partition door and multiple backfire windows. The second area is connected to the outside of the prefabricated house through a Venturi tube. A fan is installed on the outside of the Venturi tube. The prefabricated house includes a fixed base, wall panels, and a corner. The corner is located at the corner of the prefabricated house. The corner is spliced ​​with multiple wall panels to form a wall surface. The top and bottom of the wall surface are fixed by the fixed base. The fixing base has a slot, and the side of the slot near the outside of the prefabricated house has multiple spaced limiting blocks. The limiting blocks are hinged to the fixing base by torsion springs. One end of the wall panel is engaged in the slot, and the limiting blocks abut against the wall panel. The limiting blocks are designed so that the wall panel can be dislodged when subjected to an impact force from the inside of the prefabricated house, but is difficult to dislodged when subjected to a force from the outside of the prefabricated house due to the action of the side wall of the slot. The wall surface includes multiple pairs of wall panels arranged longitudinally opposite each other. Two adjacent wall panels in the longitudinal direction have matching L-shaped hooks and L-shaped grooves. A disassembly plate is divided at the L-shaped groove of the wall panel. The connection between the disassembly plate and the corresponding wall panel is an inclined surface. The inclined surface of the disassembly plate has a protrusion, and the inclined surface of the wall panel has an inclined groove corresponding to the shape of the protrusion.

2. The indoor smoke and fire characteristic training system according to claim 1, characterized in that, A high-level safety line is installed on the inner wall of the prefabricated house.

3. The indoor smoke and fire characteristic training system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The wall surface includes multiple pairs of wall panels arranged longitudinally opposite each other, and the multiple pairs of wall panels are arranged in a horizontal array and interlocked with each other.

4. The indoor smoke and fire characteristic training system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The width of the inclined groove is greater than the width of the protrusion.

5. The indoor smoke and fire characteristic training system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The bottom side of the protrusion and the bottom side of the inclined groove are mutually matching arc shapes.

6. The indoor smoke and fire characteristic training system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, Temperature sensors and cameras are installed inside the prefabricated houses.

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