A method for precise positioning and installation of tunnel arch frames

Abstract

This invention provides a method for precise positioning and installation of tunnel arch frames. First, the tunnel outline data is scanned, then the signal source is calibrated; the relative positions of the signal sources of each arch frame lifting device on the trolley are measured; then the arch frame lifting devices are positioned; then the designed installation height of the arch frame at each lifting point is determined; the relative height difference between the top of each arch frame lifting device and the laser rangefinder is calculated, the initial relative height of each lifting device to the laser rangefinder is calculated, the vertical travel distance of each lifting device is calculated, and the lifting speed of other lifting devices is corrected; then each arch frame segment is lifted to the set elevation; structural components are erected, and the installation of the steel arch frame is completed. This invention comprehensively utilizes a 3D laser scanner, a laser rangefinder, and lifting equipment to achieve precise automatic positioning of the circumferential segments and height of the arch frame, as well as the perpendicularity of the overall circumferential arch frame to the tunnel axis, thus improving the construction quality of the shotcrete and anchor support structure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of mechanized construction technology for tunnel engineering, and in particular relates to a method for precise positioning and installation of tunnel arch frames. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, tunnel engineering in my country has faced increasingly complex geological environments. Shotcrete and rock bolt support, a commonly used rock support method, has been widely applied in construction in complex geological environments. Among these, steel arch frames, as the main load-bearing components of the shotcrete and rock bolt support structure, directly affect the load-bearing capacity, structural durability, and construction efficiency of the current stage of the project due to their installation accuracy and speed. Currently, arch frame installation trolleys used in mechanized tunnel construction have largely replaced manual shoulder-carrying installation. However, steel arch frames are generally installed by being close to the rock wall, resulting in rough control of the protective layer thickness and difficulty in guaranteeing durability, posing potential risks for later operation and maintenance. Furthermore, the longitudinal positioning of the steel arch frames still requires manual monitoring and measurement, leading to low installation efficiency. Therefore, it is necessary to improve existing arch frame construction methods to achieve rapid and accurate installation, improve the installation efficiency and construction quality of the shotcrete and rock bolt support structure, reduce manual intervention, and minimize the impact of human error and labor costs. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of this, the present invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and proposes a method for precise positioning and installation of tunnel arch frames.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution created by this invention is implemented as follows:

[0005] A method for precise positioning and installation of tunnel arch frames includes the following steps:

[0006] S1. Using a 3D laser scanner installed at the front of the trolley, scan the tunnel outline data to obtain the under-excavation information of the tunnel section to be installed.

[0007] S2. In conjunction with the laser rangefinder outside the trolley, calibrate the signal source on the outline of the trolley and the top of the lifting equipment, and adjust the Y-coordinate of the positioning point to be consistent based on the measurement data;

[0008] S3. Using a laser rangefinder, measure the relative position of the signal source of each arch lifting device on the trolley. Based on the measurement data, adjust the Y-coordinate of each lifting point to be consistent, and control the data to be the same as the difference between the laser rangefinder mileage and the mileage to be installed.

[0009] S4. Determine the horizontal distance X between the rightmost segment of the target arch frame and the current rock wall, and first complete the fine positioning of the first arch frame lifting equipment.

[0010] S5. Based on the horizontal relative positions of other design segment points of the steel arch frame with the reference node in the plane of the vertical arch, complete the fine positioning of other arch frame lifting equipment;

[0011] S6. Using the central data processing system, compare the tunnel design outline of the mileage to be installed with the three-dimensional laser scanning results to determine the design installation height of the arch frame at each lifting point.

[0012] S7. Based on the measured elevation of the laser rangefinder itself, calculate the relative height difference between the top of each arch lifting device and the laser rangefinder;

[0013] S8. Based on the measurement of the signal calibration point at the top of the laser rangefinder and the arch lifting equipment, calculate the relative height between each lifting device and the laser rangefinder in the initial stage;

[0014] S9. Calculate the vertical travel distance of each lifting device and determine the lifting distance ΔH at the maximum lifting position. i Based on the maximum lifting time calculated according to the default lifting speed, the lifting speed of other lifting equipment at other locations is adjusted synchronously.

[0015] S10. Using the central data processing system, send commands to the arch frame lifting system to control the lifting rate and lifting height of the lifting equipment at each point, and lift each section of the arch frame to the set elevation.

[0016] S11. Erect structural components and complete the installation of the steel arch frame.

[0017] Furthermore, the laser rangefinder is installed at the arch foot of the initial support structure of the tunnel in the already constructed section where deformation has stabilized.

[0018] Furthermore, the laser rangefinder is installed 1m above the arch foot of the initial support structure of the tunnel in the constructed section where deformation has stabilized.

[0019] Furthermore, by using a fixed station of a total station inside the tunnel, the absolute coordinate data of the laser rangefinder can be determined.

[0020] Furthermore, the laser rangefinder is installed on the arch foot of the tunnel's initial support structure via a support bracket.

[0021] Furthermore, the arch frame jacking system includes jacking equipment and a hydraulic control system, with the jacking equipment mounted on the arch frame installation trolley.

[0022] Furthermore, a signal calibration area for positioning is provided at the top of the lifting equipment.

[0023] Compared with existing technologies, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0024] This invention integrates a 3D laser scanner, a laser rangefinder, and hydraulic jacking equipment to efficiently locate the position of steel arch frames, reducing manual intervention and minimizing the impact of human error. It achieves precise automatic positioning of the circumferential segments and height of the arch frames, as well as ensuring the perpendicularity of the arch frame's overall circumferential direction to the tunnel axis. This avoids the current situation in over-excavated tunnels where the top of the arch frame is tightly pressed against the rock wall while the arch foot encroaches on the tunnel's axis, thus improving the installation efficiency and construction quality of shotcrete and anchor support structures. It also reduces labor costs, has significant promotional value, and yields good social benefits. Attached Figure Description

[0025] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of the invention are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an undue limitation of the invention. In the drawings:

[0026] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the construction process for the installation method of this invention;

[0027] Figure 2 A schematic diagram illustrating the application of this invention;

[0028] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram illustrating the application of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0029] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in the present invention can be combined with each other.

[0030] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation on this invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, features defined with "first," "second," etc., may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0031] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0032] The invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0033] A method for precise positioning and installation of tunnel arch frames, such as Figures 1 to 3 As shown,

[0034] Includes the following steps:

[0035] S1. Using the 3D laser scanner 1 installed at the front of the trolley, scan the tunnel outline 2 data after blasting to obtain the under-excavation information of the tunnel section to be installed.

[0036] S2. The laser rangefinder 4, which is used in conjunction with the arch frame installation trolley 3, calibrates the signal sources P1 and P2 on the outline of the trolley and the top of the lifting equipment, and adjusts the Y-coordinate of the positioning point to be consistent based on the measurement data, so that the axis of the arch frame installation trolley is parallel to the tunnel axis, thereby achieving the positioning of the trolley.

[0037] It should be noted that the calibration signal source is installed on the top of the trolley outline and the lifting equipment, and is used in conjunction with the laser rangefinder for positioning of the trolley and the lifting equipment;

[0038] To further improve the accuracy of the trolley positioning, in one optional embodiment, before proceeding to the next step, data is fed back to the central data processing system in real time using a 3D laser scanner and a laser rangefinder. The central data processing system then determines whether the longitudinal coordinates of the detected points P1 and P2 are consistent. If a deviation exists, manual adjustment of the trolley position is feasible. To improve automation, the central data processing system can issue commands to control the trolley moving mechanism to perform adaptive adjustments to the trolley position. The trolley moving mechanism may include a hydraulic cylinder that drives the trolley to move linearly along the tunnel direction. In a further improved scheme, data feedback and adjustment actions can be performed in multiple cycles to ultimately achieve consistency in the Y-coordinates of points P1 and P2. This process not only ensures good stability of trolley movement and adjustment but also reliably guarantees accuracy through multi-stage, refined positioning.

[0039] S3. Using a laser rangefinder, measure the relative positions of the signal sources (P3, P4, P5, P6) of each arch lifting device on the trolley. Based on the measurement data, adjust the Y-coordinate of each lifting point to be consistent, and control the data to be the same as the difference between the laser rangefinder mileage and the mileage to be installed, so as to control each lifting device to be located on the same plane.

[0040] To further improve the accuracy of arch frame positioning and installation, in an optional embodiment, before proceeding to the next step, data is fed back to the central data processing system in real time using a 3D laser scanner and laser rangefinder. The central data processing system determines whether the longitudinal coordinates of each detected point are consistent with the mileage of the arch frame to be installed. If a deviation exists, the position of the arch frame lifting device is adjusted to adjust the position of the trolley (and lifting equipment). The position adjustment of the arch frame lifting device can be done manually or through an actuator. In an optional embodiment, the central data processing system issues a command to control the actuator to perform the action of adjusting the arch frame lifting device along the Y direction. Furthermore, in a further improved scheme, data feedback and adjustment actions can be performed in multiple cycles to ultimately achieve consistency between the longitudinal coordinates of the aforementioned points and the mileage of the arch frame to be installed.

[0041] S4. Using the central data processing system, combined with the corresponding 3D laser scanning results and the designed installation position of the arch frame 7 to be installed, the horizontal distance X between the rightmost segment point of the target arch frame and the current rock wall is determined through geometric calculations. The fine positioning of the first arch frame lifting device 5 is then completed.

[0042] S5. Based on the horizontal relative positions ΔX1, ΔX2, and ΔX3 of other design segment points of the steel arch frame with the reference node in the plane of the vertical arch, complete the fine positioning of other arch frame lifting equipment;

[0043] S6. Using the central data processing system, compare the tunnel design outline of the mileage to be installed with the three-dimensional laser scanning results to determine the design installation height of the arch frame at each lifting point.

[0044] S7. Based on the measured elevation of the laser rangefinder itself, calculate the relative height differences H1, H2, H3, and H4 between the top of each arch frame lifting device and the laser rangefinder.

[0045] S8. Based on the measurement of the signal calibration point at the top of the laser rangefinder and the arch frame lifting equipment, calculate the relative heights h1, h2, h3, and h4 between each lifting device and the laser rangefinder in the initial stage.

[0046] S9. Calculate the vertical travel distances ΔH1, ΔH2, ΔH3, and ΔH4 for each lifting device, and determine the lifting distance ΔH at the maximum lifting position. iBased on the maximum lifting time calculated according to the default lifting speed, the lifting speed of other lifting equipment at other locations is adjusted synchronously.

[0047] S10. Using the central data processing system, commands are sent to the arch frame lifting system to control the lifting rate and height of the hydraulic cylinders of each lifting device, thereby lifting each section of the arch frame to the set elevation. It should be noted that the central data processing system is interconnected with the 3D laser scanner, laser rangefinder, arch frame lifting system, trolley moving mechanism, and arch frame lifting device. It is used to compare the design contour with the 3D laser scan contour data, receive the distance data collected by the laser rangefinder and perform geometric calculations to obtain the refined position of each arch frame lifting device, the lifting elevation and speed of each arch frame lifting device.

[0048] S11. Based on the support structure design, install anchor bolts (pipes) and complete the installation of the steel arch frame after the structural components are erected.

[0049] The aforementioned 3D laser scanner, installed at the front end of the arch frame installation trolley, is used to acquire under-excavation information of the tunnel cross-section to be installed, providing initial positioning data for the arch frame. The aforementioned laser rangefinder is installed at the arch foot of the tunnel's initial support structure in the already constructed section where deformation has stabilized. Preferably, the laser rangefinder is a multi-degree-of-freedom laser rangefinder, installed 1m above the arch foot of the tunnel's initial support structure via support bracket 6, used for overall positioning of the measurement trolley and precise positioning of the lifting equipment. Additionally, in actual operation, it can be used in conjunction with a fixed station of a total station inside the tunnel to determine the absolute coordinate data of the laser rangefinder.

[0050] The arch frame jacking system includes jacking equipment and a hydraulic control system. The jacking equipment is installed on the arch frame installation trolley. A signal calibration area for positioning is located at the top of the jacking equipment. The hydraulic control system has the function of synchronously jacking the steel arch frame at multiple points, and is used for controlling the jacking of the steel arch frame and temporary support. The jacking equipment is installed on the personnel platform 8 of the arch frame installation trolley, and is used for positioning, jacking, and temporary support of the steel arch frame jacking equipment.

[0051] This invention utilizes a 3D laser scanner to acquire the cross-sectional contour data of the tunnel after blasting, and a fixed-point multi-degree-of-freedom laser rangefinder to precisely position the steel arch frame lifting equipment. Geometric calculations from a central data processing system control the lifting height and speed of the multi-point lifting equipment, ensuring installation safety while accurately positioning the steel arch frame. By comprehensively utilizing a 3D laser scanner, laser rangefinder, and hydraulic lifting equipment, the position of the steel arch frame can be efficiently positioned, reducing manual intervention and minimizing the impact of human error. This achieves precise automatic positioning of the arch frame's circumferential segments and height, as well as the perpendicularity of the arch frame's overall circumferential direction to the tunnel axis. It avoids the current situation in over-excavated tunnels where the top of the arch frame is tightly pressed against the rock wall while the arch foot position encroaches on the tunnel's axis, thus improving the installation efficiency and construction quality of the shotcrete and anchor support structure. It reduces labor costs, has significant promotional value, and offers good social benefits.

[0052] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for precise positioning and installation of tunnel arch frames, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Using a 3D laser scanner installed at the front of the trolley, scan the tunnel outline data to obtain the under-excavation information of the tunnel section to be installed. S2. In conjunction with the laser rangefinder outside the trolley, calibrate the signal source on the outline of the trolley and the top of the lifting equipment, and adjust the Y-coordinate of the positioning point to be consistent based on the measurement data; S3. Using a laser rangefinder, measure the relative position of the signal source of each arch lifting device on the trolley. Based on the measurement data, adjust the Y-coordinate of each lifting point to be consistent, and control the data to be the same as the difference between the laser rangefinder mileage and the mileage to be installed. S4. Determine the horizontal distance X between the rightmost segment of the target arch frame and the current rock wall, and first complete the fine positioning of the first arch frame lifting equipment. S5. Based on the horizontal relative positions of other design segment points of the steel arch frame with the reference node in the plane of the vertical arch, complete the fine positioning of other arch frame lifting equipment; S6. Using the central data processing system, compare the tunnel design outline of the mileage to be installed with the three-dimensional laser scanning results to determine the design installation height of the arch frame at each lifting point. S7. Based on the measured elevation of the laser rangefinder itself, calculate the relative height difference between the top of each arch lifting device and the laser rangefinder; S8. Based on the measurement of the signal calibration point at the top of the laser rangefinder and the arch lifting equipment, calculate the relative height between each lifting device and the laser rangefinder in the initial stage; S9. Calculate the vertical travel distance of each lifting device and determine the lifting distance ΔH at the maximum lifting position. i Based on the maximum lifting time calculated according to the default lifting speed, the lifting speed of other lifting equipment at other locations is adjusted synchronously. S10. Using the central data processing system, send commands to the arch frame lifting system to control the lifting rate and lifting height of the lifting equipment at each point, and lift each section of the arch frame to the set elevation. S11. Erect structural components and complete the installation of the steel arch frame.

2. The method for precise positioning and installation of a tunnel arch frame according to claim 1, characterized in that: The laser rangefinder is installed at the arch foot of the initial support structure of the tunnel in the already constructed section where deformation has stabilized.

3. The method for precise positioning and installation of a tunnel arch frame according to claim 2, characterized in that: The laser rangefinder is installed 1m above the arch foot of the initial support structure of the tunnel in the constructed section where deformation has stabilized.

4. The method for precise positioning and installation of a tunnel arch frame according to claim 2, characterized in that: The absolute coordinate data of the laser rangefinder is determined by using a fixed station of a total station inside the tunnel.

5. The method for precise positioning and installation of a tunnel arch frame according to claim 2, characterized in that: The laser rangefinder is mounted on the arch foot of the tunnel's initial support structure via a support bracket.

6. The method for precise positioning and installation of a tunnel arch frame according to claim 1, characterized in that: The arch frame jacking system includes jacking equipment and a hydraulic control system. The jacking equipment is installed on the arch frame installation trolley.

7. The method for precise positioning and installation of a tunnel arch frame according to claim 6, characterized in that: A signal calibration area for positioning is provided at the top of the lifting equipment.

Images