Flux-cored wire and method for copper-side cladding layer of stainless steel / copper composite member

Abstract

The application discloses a copper-side cladding layer flux-cored wire for stainless steel / copper composite components, which comprises a core and a sheath, wherein the core is composed of the following components in percentage by mass: copper powder 20-30%, manganese powder 10-15%, tin powder 30-35%, nickel powder 8-10%, silicon powder 5%, and aluminum powder 10-15%, and the sum of the percentage by mass of the above components is 100%. The cladding layer flux-cored wire is used for cladding on the surface of stainless steel to enhance the overall heat dissipation performance of the stainless steel structural member, improve the heat conductivity coefficient of the traditional stainless steel structural member, and thus prolong the service life of the stainless steel combined member. The application also discloses a preparation method of the copper-side cladding layer flux-cored wire for stainless steel / copper composite components and a preparation method of the stainless steel / copper composite components with high bonding strength and high heat conductivity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of intelligent manufacturing, specifically relating to a flux-cored welding wire for the copper-side cladding layer of a stainless steel / copper composite component, a method for preparing the flux-cored welding wire for the copper-side cladding layer of a stainless steel / copper composite component, and a method for preparing a stainless steel / copper composite component with high bonding strength and high thermal conductivity. Background Technology

[0002] Stainless steel possesses excellent processing properties, strength, toughness, and corrosion resistance, making it widely used in aerospace, automotive, electrical, and shipbuilding industries. However, stainless steel has poor thermal conductivity, with a coefficient of approximately 44 W / (m*K), making it unsuitable for environments requiring efficient heat dissipation. Meanwhile, copper exhibits good thermal and electrical conductivity, but its strength decreases after annealing, and it is prone to deformation, hindering its application in environments demanding high material strength. Stainless steel and copper offer highly complementary advantages. To broaden their applications, stainless steel-copper composite components have emerged. Currently, copper-steel functional graded materials are widely used in aerospace, military, power generation, heat transfer devices, and the nuclear industry.

[0003] Currently, stainless steel / copper composite components are manufactured using traditional forging, pressing, and sintering processes. These processes result in low interfacial strength and are prone to defects such as incomplete fusion, porosity, and cracks, leading to component failure. Furthermore, the strength and mechanical properties of ordinary copper alloys are far inferior to those of stainless steel. This causes a significant abrupt change in the mechanical properties of the two metals, with the softer copper side experiencing premature wear. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The first objective of this invention is to provide a flux-cored welding wire for the copper-side cladding layer of stainless steel / copper composite components. Using this welding wire to clad the stainless steel surface enhances the overall heat dissipation performance of the stainless steel structural components, improves the thermal conductivity of traditional stainless steel structural components, and thus extends the service life of stainless steel joints.

[0005] The second objective of this invention is to provide a method for preparing flux-cored welding wire for the copper-side cladding layer of stainless steel / copper composite components.

[0006] The third objective of this invention is to provide a method for preparing a stainless steel / copper composite component with high bonding strength and high thermal conductivity, which can improve the bonding performance of the interface and the mechanical properties of the copper side, while not seriously affecting the excellent thermal conductivity of the copper side.

[0007] The first technical solution adopted by the present application is a copper-side cladding layer of a stainless steel / copper composite component, which is a flux-cored wire, including a core and a sheath, wherein the core is composed of the following components in percentage by mass: copper powder 20-30%, manganese powder 10-15%, tin powder 30-35%, nickel powder 8-10%, silicon powder 5%, and aluminum powder 10-15%, and the sum of the percentage by mass of the above components is 100%.

[0008] The present application is also characterized in that,

[0009] The sheath is a pure copper strip with a thickness of 0.3 mm and a width of 7 mm.

[0010] The filling amount of the core powder in the flux-cored wire is controlled to be 18wt%-23wt%.

[0011] The second technical solution adopted by the present application is a preparation method of a flux-cored wire for a copper-side cladding layer of a stainless steel / copper composite component, which specifically comprises the following steps:

[0012] Step 1: respectively take copper powder 20-30%, manganese powder 10-15%, tin powder 30-35%, nickel powder 8-10%, silicon powder 5%, and aluminum powder 10-15% in percentage by mass, and the sum of the percentage by mass of the above components is 100%;

[0013] Step 2: mix the powders taken in step 1 by using a powder mixer, the rotation speed of the powder mixer is 60-80 r / min, and the mixing time is 3-4 h; when preparing the flux-cored wire, the drawing speed of the wire is set to be 5-6 mm / s, and the filling speed matched with the drawing speed is 3-4 g / s;

[0014] Step 3: wrap the powder prepared in step 2 in a pure copper strip by using a flux-cored wire drawing equipment, and the diameter reduction of the flux-cored wire needs to be performed every 0.2 mm, and finally the diameter of the flux-cored wire is 1.2 mm, and the filling rate is 18wt%-23wt%.

[0015] The third technical solution adopted by the present application is a preparation method of a stainless steel / copper composite component with high bonding strength and high thermal conductivity, which specifically comprises the following steps:

[0016] Step 1: select a stainless steel plate as a workpiece base material, polish and remove the surface oxide scale and impurities by using an angle grinder, and polish the stainless steel surface to be flat and smooth;

[0017] Step 2: perform 3D modeling of the arc cladding copper alloy cladding layer, establish a three-dimensional model of the copper alloy cladding layer, design the motion trajectory in the 3D printing preparation process, and finally convert the above process into a program suitable for the operation of an arc welding robot;

[0018] Step 3: cladding on the stainless steel plate substrate by using the MIG robot, and the material used by the MIG robot during cladding is the flux-cored wire mentioned above.

[0019] The application is also characterized in that,

[0020] In step 2, the copper alloy cladding layer is modeled by using PRO / E modeling software; the movement trajectory in the 3D printing preparation process is specifically as follows: when the copper alloy cladding layer is arc cladded, the path is selected as a single-layer multi-pass and reciprocating path to complete a single-layer multi-pass accumulation and repeat layer-by-layer accumulation for three layers to complete the preparation of the copper alloy cladding layer; and the designed interval during the single-layer multi-pass accumulation of the copper alloy cladding layer ensures that the inter-pass overlap rate is 55%-60%; and the above process is converted into a program and imported into the MIG robot.

[0021] In step 3, the flux-cored wire mentioned above is loaded into the MIG robot, and cladding is performed on the stainless steel plate substrate by using the MIG robot, and the specific process parameter settings are as follows: the cladding voltage is 22V-23V, the cladding current is 220A-230A, the welding speed is 0.5m / min-0.7m / min, the arc swing width is 6mm-8mm, the protective gas is argon with a volume fraction of 99.99%, and the gas flow is 10L / min-13L / min; when the MIG robot is used for cladding, the welding gun angle is always perpendicular to the stainless steel plate substrate, and the interlayer temperature is controlled to be 150℃-170℃ during the second and third layer cladding.

[0022] The application has the following beneficial effects:

[0023] (1) The method of the application uses copper alloy flux-cored wire to cladding on the surface of stainless steel to enhance the overall heat dissipation performance of the stainless steel structural member, improve the thermal conductivity of the traditional stainless steel structural member, thereby prolonging the service life of the stainless steel structural member and widening the application range of the stainless steel structural member;

[0024] (2) The copper alloy cladding layer prepared by the method of the application based on arc cladding has a simple preparation method and low cost, the Mn and Sn in the flux-cored wire can strengthen the copper-based cladding layer, the Ni and Al can help improve the bonding performance of the stainless steel / copper interface, and the gradient transition of the stainless steel / copper heterogeneous metal can be realized, and the corrosion resistance of the copper side can be improved to be comparable to that of stainless steel;

[0025] (3) The method of the application uses the process method of arc cladding to prepare the cladding layer, which has higher stainless steel / copper alloy interface bonding strength and considerable economic benefits compared with the traditional stainless steel surface modification and optimization method, greatly reduces the preparation cost of the stainless steel / copper composite component, and has extremely high popularization and application value.

[0026] (4) The method is based on the electric arc cladding manufacturing technology, the whole process from silk making to cladding layer forming can be fully automated, the production efficiency is high, the material waste rate is low, the manufacturing process steps are simple, the labor intensity of workers is low, it is more favorable for automatic production, and the number of copper-based cladding layers can be adjusted according to the working condition, so that the stainless steel / copper composite component with different heat dissipation coefficients can be efficiently prepared.

[0027] (5) Unlike the preparation method of the traditional stainless steel / copper composite component, the method is based on the electric arc cladding manufacturing technology, the metallurgical combination between copper / steel is realized by the sufficient mixing of the molten pool under the electric arc condition, on the one hand, the combination performance of the interface is improved, on the other hand, the mechanical properties of the copper side are improved, meanwhile, the excellent thermal conductivity of the copper side is not seriously affected. Moreover, the electric arc cladding technology as a kind of rapid forming technology has the characteristics of short forming cycle, high forming accuracy, low material waste rate and low labor intensity, so that the industrialization and industrialization production and preparation of the stainless steel / copper composite component can be realized, and the method has extremely high popularization and application value. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 is a macroscopic morphology diagram of the stainless steel / copper composite component prepared in Example 1 of the present application;

[0029] Figure 2 is a microstructure diagram of the interface of the stainless steel / copper composite component prepared in Example 1 of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The present application will be described in detail below in combination with the drawings and specific embodiments.

[0031] The present application provides a flux-cored wire for the copper-side cladding layer of a stainless steel / copper composite component, comprising a core and a sheath, wherein the core consists of the following components in percentage by mass: copper powder 20%-30%, manganese powder 10%-15%, tin powder 30%-35%, nickel powder 8%-10%, silicon powder 5%, and aluminum powder 10%-15%, and the sum of the percentage by mass of the above components is 100%.

[0032] The sheath is a pure copper strip with a thickness of 0.3 mm and a width of 7 mm.

[0033] The filling amount of the core powder in the flux-cored wire is controlled to be 18wt%-23wt%.

[0034] The present application also provides a preparation method of the flux-cored wire for the copper-side cladding layer of the stainless steel / copper composite component, specifically as follows:

[0035] Step 1: respectively take copper powder 20%-30%, manganese powder 10%-15%, tin powder 30%-35%, nickel powder 8%-10%, silicon powder 5%, and aluminum powder 10%-15% in percentage by mass, and the sum of the percentage by mass of the above components is 100%;

[0036] Step 2: each powder weighed in step 1 is first mixed by a powder mixer, the rotation speed of the powder mixer is 60r / min-80r / min, the mixing time is 3h-4h; when the flux-cored wire is prepared, the drawing speed of the wire is set to 5mm / s-6mm / s, and the powder filling speed matched with the drawing speed is 3g / s-4g / s;

[0037] Step 3: the powder prepared in step 2 is wrapped in a pure copper strip by a flux-cored wire drawing equipment, the diameter of the flux-cored wire is reduced by 0.2mm every time until the diameter is 1.2mm, and the filling rate is 18wt%-23wt%. The prepared flux-cored wire is stored in a moisture-proof cabinet.

[0038] The application also provides a preparation method of a high-bond-strength high-thermal-conductivity stainless steel / copper composite component, and the specific operation steps are as follows:

[0039] Step 1: a stainless steel plate with a size of 150mm*150mm*10mm and a grade of 1Cr12Ni2WMoV is selected as a workpiece base material, the surface oxide skin and impurities are removed by using an angle grinder, and the stainless steel surface is polished smooth;

[0040] Step 2: 3D modeling of the copper alloy cladding layer is performed, a three-dimensional model of the copper alloy cladding layer is established, the motion trajectory in the 3D printing preparation process is designed, and finally the above process is converted into a program suitable for the operation of the arc welding robot;

[0041] In step 2, the copper alloy cladding layer is modeled by using PRO / E modeling software; the motion trajectory in the 3D printing preparation process is specifically as follows: when the copper alloy cladding layer is arc cladded, the path is selected as a single-layer multi-pass and reciprocating path to complete the accumulation of a single-layer multi-pass and repeat the accumulation layer by layer to three layers, and the preparation of the copper alloy cladding layer is completed; and when the single-layer multi-pass accumulation of the copper alloy cladding layer is performed, the designed interval ensures that the interpass overlap rate is 55%-60%; the above process is converted into a program and imported into the MIG robot.

[0042] Step 3: the MIG robot is used to perform cladding on the stainless steel plate substrate, and the material used by the MIG robot during cladding is the above flux-cored wire.

[0043] In step 3, the above-mentioned flux-cored wire is loaded into a MIG robot, and cladding is performed on a stainless steel plate substrate by using the MIG robot, and the specific process parameter settings are as follows: the cladding voltage is 22V-23V, the cladding current is 220A-230A, the welding speed is 0.5m / min-0.7m / min, the arc swing width is 6mm-8mm, the protective gas is argon with a volume fraction of 99.99%, and the gas flow rate is 10L / min-13L / min; when the robot MIG cladding is performed, the welding torch angle is always perpendicular to the stainless steel plate substrate, and the interlayer temperature is controlled to be 150°C-170°C when the second and third layers of cladding are performed.

[0044] Example 1

[0045] Step 1: Preparation method of copper-side cladding layer flux-cored wire for stainless steel / copper composite component: the core powder is weighed according to the mass percentage: copper powder 25%, manganese powder 15%, tin powder 35%, nickel powder 10%, silicon powder 5%, and aluminum powder 10%, and the sum of the mass percentages of the above components is 100%; all the weighed powders are first mixed by using a powder mixer, and the rotation speed of the powder mixer is 60r / min, and the mixing time is 3h; when preparing the flux-cored wire, the drawing speed of the wire is set to 5mm / s, and the matching powder filling speed is 3g / s; the diameter of the flux-cored wire needs to be reduced every 0.2mm until the diameter is 1.2mm, and the filling rate is 18%; the prepared copper alloy flux-cored wire is stored in a moisture-proof cabinet;

[0046] Step 2: The size of the stainless steel plate used is 150mmx150mmx10mm, and the stainless steel plate material with a grade of 1Cr12Ni2WMoV is used as the workpiece substrate, the surface oxide scale and impurities are removed by using an angle grinder, and the stainless steel surface is polished smooth;

[0047] Step 3: 3D modeling of the arc cladding copper alloy cladding layer is performed, a three-dimensional model of the copper alloy cladding layer is established, the motion trajectory in the 3D printing preparation process is designed, and finally the above process is converted into a program suitable for the operation of the arc welding robot;

[0048] In step 3, the copper alloy cladding layer is modeled by using PRO / E modeling software; the motion trajectory in the 3D printing preparation process is designed as follows: when the arc cladding copper alloy cladding layer is performed, the path selection is single-layer multi-pass and reciprocating, which completes the accumulation of one layer of multi-pass and repeats layer-by-layer accumulation of three layers to complete the preparation of the copper alloy cladding layer; and the designed spacing ensures that the interpass overlap rate is 55%-60% when the copper alloy cladding layer is single-layer multi-pass accumulated; the above process is converted into a program and imported into a MIG robot.

[0049] Step 4: The flux-cored wire prepared in step 1 is loaded into a MIG robot, and robot MIG welding is performed on a stainless steel plate for cladding; the process parameters are set as follows: cladding voltage is 22 V, cladding current is 220 A, welding speed is 0.5 m / min, arc swing width is 6 mm, protective gas is argon with a volume fraction of 99.99%, and gas flow is 12 L / min; when the robot MIG is used for cladding, the welding gun angle is always perpendicular to the substrate, and the interlayer temperature is controlled at 160°C when the second and third layers are cladded.

[0050] After the mechanical property test of the stainless steel / copper composite component prepared in Example 1, the shear strength is 394 MPa, after the thermal conductivity test, the thermal conductivity coefficient is 142.651 W / m*K at 26.5°C, 132.219 W / ℃*K at 200°C, and 122.561 W / m*K at 500°C. The average microhardness of the stainless steel side is 389 HV, and the average microhardness of the copper side is 340 HV. The measured mechanical properties and thermal conductivity coefficients meet the actual working condition requirements.

[0051] From Figure 1 It can be seen from the above that based on the arc cladding technology and combined with the copper-based flux-cored wire and the preparation method provided by the present application, a stainless steel / copper composite component without defects such as un-melted, pores and cracks can be prepared, and the forming quality is good.

[0052] From Figure 2 It can be seen from the above that the interface of the stainless steel / copper composite component realizes gradient transition, and the stainless steel / copper realizes good metallurgical bonding under the joint action of the arc stirring force and the alloying elements in the flux-cored wire, thereby improving the bonding strength of the interface of the stainless steel / copper component; and due to the diffusion of the Fe element on the steel side to the copper side and the joint action of the alloying elements in the core wire, the mechanical properties of the cladding layer on the copper side are improved, and the heat dissipation performance of the cladding layer on the copper side is not seriously affected.

[0053] Example 2

[0054] Step 1: Preparation method of copper side cladding layer of stainless steel / copper composite component with flux-cored wire: Preparation of copper side cladding layer of stainless steel / copper composite component with high bonding strength and high thermal conductivity: metal powders are weighed according to mass percentage: copper powder 20%, manganese powder 15%, tin powder 35%, nickel powder 10%, silicon powder 5%, aluminum powder 15%, the sum of the mass percentages of the above components is 100%; all the weighed powders are first mixed by a powder mixer, the rotating speed of the powder mixer is 70 r / min, and the mixing time is 3.5 h; when preparing the flux-cored wire, the drawing speed of the wire is set to 5.5 mm / s, and the matching powder filling speed is 3.5 g / s; the diameter of the flux-cored wire needs to be reduced every 0.2 mm until the diameter is 1.2 mm, and the filling rate is 20%; the prepared copper alloy flux-cored wire is stored in a moisture-proof cabinet;

[0055] Step 2: The size of the stainless steel plate used is 150mmx150mmx10mm, and the grade of the stainless steel plate is 1Cr12Ni2WMoV, which is used as the workpiece base material. The surface oxidation scale and impurities are removed by grinding with an angle grinder, and the stainless steel surface is ground smooth and flat.

[0056] Step 3: 3D modeling of arc cladding copper alloy cladding layer, establishing a three-dimensional model of the copper alloy cladding layer, designing the motion trajectory in the 3D printing preparation process, and finally converting the above process into a program suitable for the operation of the arc welding robot;

[0057] In step 3, PRO / E modeling software is used to model the copper alloy cladding layer; the designed motion trajectory in the 3D printing preparation process is as follows: when arc cladding copper alloy cladding layer, the path selection is single-layer multi-pass and reciprocating path to complete one-layer multi-pass accumulation and repeat layer-by-layer accumulation of three layers to complete the preparation of copper alloy cladding layer; and when the copper alloy cladding layer is single-layer multi-pass accumulation, the designed spacing ensures that the interpass overlap rate is 55%-60%; the above process is converted into a program and imported into the MIG robot.

[0058] Step 4: The flux-cored wire prepared in step 1 is loaded into the MIG robot, and MIG welding is used to perform cladding on the stainless steel plate; the process parameters are set as follows: cladding voltage is 23V, cladding current is 230A, welding speed is 0.5m / min, arc swing width is 6mm, protective gas is argon with a volume fraction of 99.99%, and gas flow is 12L / min; when the robot MIG is cladded, the welding gun angle is always perpendicular to the substrate, and the interlayer temperature is controlled at 160℃ when the second and third layers are cladded.

[0059] The stainless steel / copper composite component prepared in Example 2 has a shear strength of 382 MPa after mechanical property testing, a thermal conductivity of 132.456 W / m*K at 26.5°C, a thermal conductivity of 140.254 W / ℃*K at 200°C, and a thermal conductivity of 122.351 W / m*K at 500°C after thermal conductivity testing. The average microhardness of the stainless steel side is 378 HV, and the average microhardness of the copper side is 325 HV. The measured mechanical properties and thermal conductivity meet the actual working condition requirements.

[0060] Example 3

[0061] Step 1: Preparation method of copper side cladding layer of stainless steel / copper composite component using flux-cored wire: metal powders are weighed according to mass percentage: copper powder 23%, manganese powder 15%, tin powder 35%, nickel powder 10%, silicon powder 5%, and aluminum powder 12%. The sum of the mass percentages of the above components is 100%. All the weighed powders are first mixed using a powder mixer at a speed of 65 r / min for 4 h. When preparing the flux-cored wire, the drawing speed of the wire is set to 6 mm / s, and the matching powder filling speed is 4 g / s. The diameter of the flux-cored wire is reduced every 0.2 mm until it reaches 1.2 mm, and the filling rate is 20%. The prepared copper alloy flux-cored wire is stored in a moisture-proof cabinet.

[0062] Step 2: The stainless steel plate used is a 1Cr12Ni2WMoV stainless steel plate with dimensions of 150 mm x 150 mm x 10 mm as the workpiece base material. The surface oxidation scale and impurities are removed by grinding with an angle grinder, and the stainless steel surface is polished smooth.

[0063] Step 3: 3D modeling of the copper alloy cladding layer is performed, and a three-dimensional model of the copper alloy cladding layer is established. The motion trajectory during 3D printing preparation is designed, and finally the above process is converted into a program suitable for the operation of the arc welding robot.

[0064] In Step 3, PRO / E modeling software is used to model the copper alloy cladding layer. The designed motion trajectory during 3D printing preparation is as follows: during arc cladding of the copper alloy cladding layer, the path selection is single-layer multi-pass and reciprocating, which completes the accumulation of multiple passes in one layer and repeats layer-by-layer accumulation of three layers to complete the preparation of the copper alloy cladding layer. The designed spacing ensures that the interpass overlap rate is 55%-60% during single-layer multi-pass accumulation of the copper alloy cladding layer. The above process is converted into a program and imported into the MIG robot.

[0065] Step 4: The flux-cored wire prepared in step 1 is loaded into a MIG robot, and cladding is carried out on a stainless steel plate by robot MIG welding; the process parameters are set as follows: cladding voltage is 23 V, cladding current is 230 A, welding speed is 0.5 m / min, arc swing width is 6 mm, protective gas is argon with a volume fraction of 99.99%, and gas flow is 12 L / min; when robot MIG cladding is carried out, the welding torch angle is always perpendicular to the substrate, and the interlayer temperature is controlled to be 160 DEG C during the second and third layer cladding.

[0066] After the mechanical property test of the stainless steel / copper composite component prepared in Example 3, the shear strength is 412 MPa, after the thermal conductivity test, the thermal conductivity coefficient is 152.321 W / m*K at 26.5 DEG C, 142.221 W / ℃*K at 200 DEG C, and 123.571 W / m*K at 500 DEG C, the average microhardness of the stainless steel side is 395 HV, and the average microhardness of the copper side is 352 HV, and the measured mechanical properties and thermal conductivity coefficient meet the actual working condition requirements.

[0067] Example 4

[0068] The purpose of the application is to provide an intelligent preparation method of a high-bond-strength high-thermal-conductivity stainless steel / copper composite component and the material used, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0069] Step 1: Preparation method of copper side cladding layer of stainless steel / copper composite component: metal powders are weighed according to mass percentage: copper powder 25%, manganese powder 10%, tin powder 35%, nickel powder 10%, silicon powder 5%, and aluminum powder 15%, the sum of the mass percentages of the above components is 100%; all the weighed powders are first mixed by a powder mixer, the rotation speed of the powder mixer is 80 r / min, and the mixing time is 3 h; when preparing the flux-cored wire, the drawing speed of the wire is set to 5 mm / s, and the matching powder filling speed is 3 g / s; the diameter of the flux-cored wire needs to be reduced every 0.2 mm until the diameter is 1.2 mm, and the filling rate is 22%; the prepared copper alloy flux-cored wire is stored in a moisture-proof cabinet;

[0070] Step 2: The size of the stainless steel plate used is 150 mm*150 mm*10 mm, and the stainless steel plate with a grade of 1Cr12Ni2WMoV is used as a workpiece base material; the surface oxide scale and impurities are removed by grinding with an angle grinder, and the stainless steel surface is ground to be flat and smooth;

[0071] Step 3: 3D modeling of arc cladding copper alloy cladding layer is carried out, a three-dimensional model of the copper alloy cladding layer is established, the motion trajectory in the 3D printing preparation process is designed, and finally the above process is converted into a program suitable for the operation of the arc welding robot;

[0072] In step 3, PRO / E modeling software is used to model the copper alloy cladding layer; the designed 3D printing preparation process motion trail is as follows: when the copper alloy cladding layer is prepared by arc cladding, the path is selected as single-layer multi-pass and reciprocating path to complete a single-layer multi-pass accumulation and repeat layer-by-layer accumulation for three layers to complete the preparation of the copper alloy cladding layer; and the designed interval is to ensure that the overlap rate is 55%-60% when the copper alloy cladding layer is single-layer multi-pass accumulated; the above process is converted into a program and imported into the MIG robot.

[0073] Step 4: The flux-cored wire prepared in step 1 is loaded into the MIG robot, and the robot MIG is used to perform cladding on the stainless steel plate; the process parameters are set as follows: cladding voltage is 22V, cladding current is 230A, welding speed is 0.5m / min, arc swing width is 6mm, protective gas is argon with a volume fraction of 99.99%, and gas flow is 12L / min; when the robot MIG is used for cladding, the welding gun angle is always perpendicular to the substrate, and the interlayer temperature is controlled at 160℃ when the second and third layers are cladded.

[0074] After the stainless steel / copper composite component prepared in Example 4 is subjected to mechanical property test, the shear strength is 395MPa, after the thermal conductivity test, the thermal conductivity coefficient is 146.325W / m*K at 26.5℃, 138.875W / ℃*K at 200℃, and 132.468W / m*K at 500℃. The average microhardness of the stainless steel side is 385HV, and the average microhardness of the copper side is 335HV. The measured mechanical properties and thermal conductivity coefficients meet the actual working condition requirements.

[0075] Example 5

[0076] Step 1: Preparation method of copper alloy cladding layer of stainless steel / copper composite component: metal powders are weighed according to mass percentage: copper powder 30%, manganese powder 10%, tin powder 30%, nickel powder 10%, silicon powder 5%, and aluminum powder 15%, and the sum of the mass percentages of the above components is 100%; all the weighed powders are first mixed by a powder mixer at a speed of 70r / min for 3h; when preparing the flux-cored wire, the drawing speed of the wire is set to 5mm / s, and the matching filling speed is 3g / s; the diameter of the flux-cored wire is reduced every 0.2mm until the diameter is 1.2mm, and the filling rate is 19%; the prepared copper alloy flux-cored wire is stored in a moisture-proof cabinet;

[0077] Step 2: The size of the stainless steel plate used is 150mmx150mmx10mm, and the stainless steel plate with a grade of 1Cr12Ni2WMoV is used as the workpiece base material; the surface oxide scale and impurities are removed by grinding with an angle grinder, and the stainless steel surface is ground to be flat and smooth;

[0078] Step 3: 3D modeling of the copper alloy cladding layer by arc cladding is performed, a three-dimensional model of the copper alloy cladding layer is established, the motion trajectory in the 3D printing preparation process is designed, and finally the above process is converted into a program suitable for the operation of the arc welding robot;

[0079] In step 3, PRO / E modeling software is used to model the copper alloy cladding layer; the designed motion trajectory in the 3D printing preparation process is as follows: when the copper alloy cladding layer is arc cladded, the path is selected as a single-layer multi-pass, reciprocating path to complete a single-layer multi-pass accumulation and repeat layer-by-layer accumulation of three layers to complete the preparation of the copper alloy cladding layer; and the designed spacing ensures that the interpass overlap rate is 55%-60% when the copper alloy cladding layer is single-layer multi-pass accumulated; the above process is converted into a program and imported into the MIG robot.

[0080] Step 4: The flux-cored wire prepared in step 1 is loaded into the MIG robot, and MIG welding is used to perform cladding on the stainless steel plate; the process parameters are set as follows: cladding voltage is 22V, cladding current is 220A, welding speed is 0.5m / min, arc swing width is 6mm, protective gas is argon with a volume fraction of 99.99%, and gas flow is 12L / min; when the robot MIG is used for cladding, the welding gun angle is always perpendicular to the substrate, and the interlayer temperature is controlled at 160℃ when the second and third layers are cladded.

[0081] The stainless steel / copper composite member prepared in Example 5 was subjected to mechanical property testing, and the shear strength was 385MPa; after thermal conductivity testing, the thermal conductivity coefficient was 148.435W / m*K at 26.5℃, 142.153W / ℃*K at 200℃, and 128.912W / m*K at 500℃; the average microhardness of the stainless steel side was 378HV, and the average microhardness of the copper side was 356HV; the measured mechanical properties and thermal conductivity coefficients all meet the actual working condition requirements.

Claims

1. A flux-cored welding wire for the copper-side cladding layer of stainless steel / copper composite components, characterized in that, It includes a core and an outer sheath. The core is composed of the following components by mass percentage: 20%~30% copper powder, 10%~15% manganese powder, 30%~35% tin powder, 8%~10% nickel powder, 5% silicon powder, and 10%~15% aluminum powder. The sum of the mass percentages of the above components is 100%.

2. The flux-cored welding wire for the copper-side cladding layer of the stainless steel / copper composite component according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer sheath is made of pure copper strip, with a thickness of 0.3mm and a width of 7mm.

3. The flux-cored welding wire for the copper-side cladding layer of the stainless steel / copper composite component according to claim 1, characterized in that, The filling amount of flux-cored welding wire is controlled between 18wt% and 23wt%.

4. The method for preparing the flux-cored welding wire for the copper-side cladding layer of the stainless steel / copper composite component according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, Specifically: Step 1: Weigh out the following components by mass percentage: 20%~30% copper powder, 10%~15% manganese powder, 30%~35% tin powder, 8%~10% nickel powder, 5% silicon powder, and 10%~15% aluminum powder. The sum of the mass percentages of the above components should be 100%. Step 2: Mix the powders weighed in Step 1 using a powder mixer at a speed of 60 r / min-80 r / min for 3-4 hours. When preparing the flux-cored welding wire, set the wire drawing speed to 5 mm / s-6 mm / s and the powder filling speed to match the drawing speed to 3 g / s-4 g / s. Step 3: The flux-cored wire powder prepared in Step 2 is wrapped in a pure copper strip using a flux-cored wire drawing device. The diameter reduction of the flux-cored wire needs to be performed every 0.2 mm. The final diameter of the flux-cored wire is 1.2 mm, and the filling rate is 18wt%-23wt%.

5. A method for preparing stainless steel / copper composite components with high bonding strength and high thermal conductivity, characterized in that, The specific operating steps are as follows: Step 1: Select stainless steel sheet as the workpiece substrate, use an angle grinder to remove surface oxide scale and impurities, and grind the stainless steel surface smooth and flat. Step 2: Perform 3D modeling of the arc cladding copper alloy cladding layer, establish a three-dimensional model of the copper alloy cladding layer, design the motion trajectory during the 3D printing process, and finally convert the above process into a program suitable for the operation of the arc welding robot. Step 3: Use a MIG robot to perform cladding on a stainless steel substrate. The material used for cladding by the MIG robot is the flux-cored wire as described in any one of claims 1-3.

6. The method for preparing a high-bonding-strength, high-thermal-conductivity stainless steel / copper composite component according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step 2, PRO / E modeling software is used to model the copper alloy cladding layer. The motion trajectory designed for the 3D printing process is as follows: when arc cladding the copper alloy cladding layer, the path is selected as a single-layer multi-pass, reciprocating path to complete the stacking of one layer and multiple passes, and then repeats the process to accumulate three layers to complete the preparation of the copper alloy cladding layer. When stacking the copper alloy cladding layer in a single layer with multiple passes, the spacing is designed to ensure that the overlap rate between passes is 55%-60%. The above process is converted into a program and imported into the MIG robot.

7. The method for preparing a high-bonding-strength, high-thermal-conductivity stainless steel / copper composite component according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step 3, the flux-cored welding wire described in any one of claims 1-3 is loaded into the MIG robot, and the MIG robot is used to perform cladding on the stainless steel substrate. The specific process parameters are set as follows: cladding voltage is 22V~23V, cladding current is 220A~230A, welding speed is 0.5m / min-0.7m / min, arc width is 6mm-8mm, the shielding gas is argon with a volume fraction of 99.99%, and the gas flow rate is 10L / min~13L / min. When performing robot MIG cladding, the welding torch angle is always perpendicular to the stainless steel substrate, and the interlayer temperature is controlled at 150℃~170℃ when performing the second and third layers of cladding.

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