Sighting glasses

Abstract

The invention relates to a sighting eyeglass, which can be used when aiming a firearm and a pneumatic weapon and when performing sports such as archery, billiards, golf, curling and the like. The sighting eyeglass of the invention comprises optical components, in which the sighting guide can be moved and turned in relation to the frame in order to align the centre of the guide with the eye axis passing through the centre of the fovea and the target, and to orient the guide vertically. The technical effect is to improve the accuracy of aiming and to increase the versatility of use in different types of sports. A further technical effect is to enable the athlete to develop a reproducible afterimage of the sighting guide at the beginning of the aiming line.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The invention relates to a sighting eyeglass and can be used for establishing a line of sight during shooting with firearms or gas weapons and during archery, billiards, golf, curling, bowling and darts. BACKGROUND

[0002] The physiological process of sighting is as follows.

[0003] The highest visual ability depends on the macula present on the retina of the eye, the area responsible for sharp vision and having a diameter of about 5 mm, while the fovea in the macula has a diameter of about 0.4 mm and is the area of sharpest vision - see www.traditio.wiki Tradition website, paragraphs 1, 2. With increasing distance from the center of the fovea towards the periphery of the macula, visual acuity gradually becomes less sharp, rather than sharply cut off, thus achieving central vision.

[0004] The visual axis of the eye passes through the center of the fovea in the macula and the center of the lens towards the target. The optical axis of the eye passes through the center of the lens and the center of the pupil perpendicular to its surface. The gamma angle (γ) formed between the visual and optical axes is -3 to +8 degrees, usually +5 degrees for most people and 0 degrees for a few, i.e. the two axes are coaxial with each other - see www.eyepress.ru. Pokakomu napravleniyu smotrit glaz (The direction in which the eye looks), page 7, Figure 1 , 2 , Yu.V. Kuznetsov. In the case of a large gamma angle, the visual axis of the eye passes through the cornea at a point that is offset from the center of the pupil by up to 0.5 mm. This increases astigmatism (distortion of the observed image - see www.medbe.ru Ponyatiye o klinicheskoy refraktsii (Concept of clinical refraction), paragraph 2, www.chnow.ru 3.6.8. Path of light rays passing through the lens at any angle relative to its main optical axis. Converging lens, Figure 3 located at the top. When the gamma angle is greater than 0 degrees, the physiological ability of the eye to aim decreases.

[0005] When aiming, the athlete does not know and does not feel physiologically the exact position of the fovea center in the macula, because he / she has no means to control its position: such means are not natural, because humans did not need them before small arms were invented. One can see one's own pupil only in a mirror. Therefore, the athlete can see only the outer part of the aiming line and the target, but does not know the exact position of the inner origin of the aiming line, i.e. the fovea center in the macula. That is why the line drawn between the visible target and the invisible center of the fovea in the macula is only provisional, and the aiming line can deviate from the center of the fovea in the macula towards the macula (the surface area of the macula is about 100 times larger than the area of the fovea in the macula, thus enabling central vision). This can be verified experimentally, i.e. if a person tries to draw a line from a visible point on, for example, a wall (from the target) to the center of the fovea in the macula, there will be several lines that are visible, but it is impossible to determine which one reaches the center of the fovea in the macula. The same happens when drawing a line back to the target.

[0006] A diopter sight is known - see www.singhts-review.ru Dioptricheskiy pritseli yego ispolzovaniye (Diopter sight and its use), picture. It includes transition targets in the form of a hole plate (rear sight) and a front sight, which are arranged in a row on the aiming line between the center of the fovea in the macula and the target.

[0007] The center of the fovea in the macula can be set accurately and reflexively separately on each of these three points (target, front sight or rear sight) - see www.ru.wikipedia.org Dvizheniye glaz (Eye movement), Wikipedia, paragraph 3. Three different lines simultaneously from three non-coincident points to three different points on the retina of the eye.

[0008] In order to establish a single aiming line based on three points, the movement of the visual axis, the head and the weapon and the target in between are tilted in the vertical and horizontal planes, including ways to prevent tilting - see www.shooting-ua.com Svalivaniye oruzhiya (Tilting), figure 331.

[0009] If any of the three points is not aligned with the center of the fovea in the macula, the aiming is not accurate. For example, if the front sight is offset by 0.2 mm from the center of the fovea in the macula (towards the edge of the fovea) and the distance between the fovea in the macula and the front sight is 800 mm, the bullet is offset by 0.2 mm per 800 mm of the target. In the biathlon, at a shooting distance of 50 m, the bullet is offset from the center of the target by 50 m / 800 mm x 0.2 mm = 12.4 mm. For a target with a diameter of 45 mm, the permissible deviation from the center of the target is 22.5 mm. That is, an offset of 0.2 mm from the center of the fovea in the macula will result in a deviation of the bullet of 12.4 mm / 22.5 mm x 100% = 50.5% of the permissible deviation, and if the deviation is 0.37 mm, the bullet will not enter the target circle.

[0010] Due to the uncertainty of the position of the center of the fovea in the macula, which in turn leads to an uncertainty of the position of the origin of the visual axis, the athlete must control the visual axis and establish the aiming line by indirect means, i.e. according to the visible configuration of the intermediate target and the target, which requires years of training.

[0011] Furthermore, the central vision has the highest visual acuity (sharpness) at an angle of view of no more than 2.5 degrees. Together with the peripheral vision, the vertical field of view is 150 degrees. Therefore, without the use of peripheral vision, it is not possible to establish a vertical aiming plane.

[0012] Therefore, the refractive sight has the following disadvantages:

[0013] - the athlete does not know physiologically, at the time of aiming, the position of the center of the fovea in the macula, which is not visible, relative to the aiming line: to the left or to the right, or below it, or above it;

[0014] - the position of the center of the fovea in the macula and the visual axis, both of which are not visible to the athlete, relative to the aiming line is checked by indirect means, i.e. based on the relative position of the visible rear sight, the front sight and the target;

[0015] - there are no visible vertical and horizontal lines, which provide an orientation basis for the central and peripheral vision, for establishing a vertical aiming plane similar to the aiming reticle of the optical sight - see www.yandex.ru , picture. Aiming reticle;

[0016] - the application is not universal: the refractive sight cannot be used for drawing the aiming line in other sports.

[0017] A universal method of laying a line of sight by means of intermediate targets (similar to intermediate rear and intermediate front sights in a diopter sight) for aiming in different types of sports is known. For example, in billiards, a cue, a cue ball and target balls are used for this purpose - see www.iknigi.net ,Azbuka bilyarda(ABC of billiards), page 5, Fig. 39, A.L. Loshakov. In curling, granite stones are used, in darts, darts, in archery, a bowstring and arrows, etc.

[0018] The common feature of various sports is that the aiming eye, intermediate targets and targets are arranged at different heights relative to each other, but in the same vertical plane of aiming.

[0019] In billiards, for example, the aiming eye and the visible parts of the cue, cue ball and target balls are arranged at different heights relative to the table and are not on the same straight line. Between them, a line of sight is drawn, which, at different heights in the same vertical plane of aiming, requires the use of both central and peripheral vision.

[0020] This method of aiming has the same disadvantages as its analogues:

[0021] - the athlete does not know physiologically the position of the center of the fovea (origin of the visual axis) in the macula, which is invisible during aiming;

[0022] - the position of the center of the fovea in the macula and the visual axis (both are invisible to the athlete) relative to the line of sight is checked by indirect methods, i.e. based on the relative position of the visible intermediate targets and targets;

[0023] - there are no visible vertical and horizontal lines, which make up the aiming guides for central and peripheral vision for establishing the line of sight and the vertical plane of aiming.

[0024] A contact lens for aiming and a mounting device therefor are known, RU 2737350. It comprises an optical part, i.e. a contact lens, which has an aiming guide in the form of an aiming reticle, the aiming reticle element is arranged during installation in a vertical plane, the center of the aiming reticle is aligned with the eye's visual axis passing through the center of the fovea in the macula and the target. The mounting device comprises: a carrier with a light-transmitting area; and an external aiming guide with a point on a vertical line, which is at a distance from the carrier.

[0025] The arrangement of the aiming reticle on the contact lens at a distance shorter than the focal length of the eye at the aiming origin line makes it possible to see the aiming origin line, to objectively determine the arrangement of the center of the fovea in the macula of the eye and the aiming origin line relative to the target, and to control the eye's visual axis based on the gamma angle.

[0026] The disadvantages of this are as follows:

[0027] - when blinking, any contact lens, including the one used for sighting, is not sufficiently stable in its position on the cornea. This leads to a deviation of the center of the sighting reticle from the center of the fovea in the macula and to an interference with the vertical orientation of the sighting reticle. Therefore, the contact lens has to be reinstalled every 5 to 10 minutes;

[0028] - the contact lens has to be worn on the eye to be able to sight, which is an unacceptable procedure for some athletes.

[0029] A known eyeglass for measuring the pupil distance of a patient is described in the patent US 10473430, www.ochki.kom Razlichnye metody izmereniya mezhzrachkovogo rasstoyaniya (Various methods for measuring the inter-pupillary distance), Figure 3 determining the gamma angle.

[0030] This eyeglass comprises a frame without temples but with a grip for the ophthalmologist to use and an optical part in the form of lenses that are moved relative to each other vertically and upright in front of the patient's face; the lenses are provided with vertical and horizontal crosshairs, the center of the intersection of which with each other is the reference point for determining the pupil distance.

[0031] This description neither discloses nor suggests the use of this eyeglass for sighting, which is impossible because it has the following drawbacks:

[0032] - different athletes, especially in different sports, have different arrangements of their heads and the eyeglasses (eyeglass frames) they wear in the vertical direction when they are in a motion position during sighting. The different tilting and turning of the head to the right, to the left, forward or backward are due, among other things, to the different physiological characteristics and personal preferences of the athletes. For example, they include: whether the dominant eye is the left or the right eye, whether the athlete is left- or right-handed, the different length of the cervical spine, and the different height of the left and right eyes relative to the weapon when the athlete is in a sighting position. For example, see www.yandex.ru : Shooting, front view of the athlete, picture, patent US 10473430, Figure 5 , www.yandex.ru : Snooker, front view of the athlete, picture.

[0033] - each time the glasses are taken off or put on, the glasses will be in a new position, different from the previous one, relative to the athlete's head, which differs from the previous one by 1 to 2 mm in all coordinates. Therefore, the aiming guide will be in a new position each time relative to the center of the fovea in the macula and the vertical plane. Therefore, each time the new position of the aiming guide must be corrected, since the center of the fovea in the macula must be aligned with the target with a precision of 0.1 mm (Description, page 2, paragraph 4).

[0034] A pair of glasses is known - see www.zen.yandex.ru : James Bond's glasses with projection / Vlog / function. They are provided with an integrated projector and Bluetooth in communication with a smartphone, information from the smartphone is displayed on the lenses of the glasses.

[0035] The description does not disclose nor suggest the use of the glasses for aiming, which is not possible because it has the following drawbacks:

[0036] - there is no provision to make visible aiming guides on the lenses of the glasses;

[0037] - there is no provision for the athlete to have the technical ability to control the movement and rotation (tilt) of the aiming guides on the lenses to align them with the center of the fovea in the macula and to orient them on the vertical plane to adapt to his / her sports posture;

[0038] - there is no provision to use external aiming guides placed at a distance, without which the athlete cannot align the center of the fovea in the macula, the aiming guides and the target with each other, for example on the vertical plane, RU2737350, claims, claim 10.

[0039] If these drawbacks are overcome by means unknown in the art, it is possible to exploit the projector and the Bluetooth in communication with the smartphone in the aiming glasses.

[0040] The closest technical solution is the aiming glasses used when shooting with firearms, patent US10473430, paragraph

[0006] , sentence 5, paragraph

[0008] , sentence 1, Figure 1 and Figure 5 .

[0041] The optical part of the glasses is configured in the form of an opaque patch attached to the glasses, which have aiming guides in the form of holes.

[0042] The disadvantage is that the center of the hole of the optical part in the opaque patch attached to the glasses is aligned with the center of the eye pupil, which is described in the patent specification in the 6th sentence of paragraph

[0044] : "The user's eye aligns the pupil (not shown) through the hole of the optical device 1204 along the line of sight 1206. The line of sight 1206A can start from the pupil...”.

[0043] Therefore, at the gamma angle not equal to 0 degrees, the center of the hole in the optical part is misaligned with respect to the eye visual axis. This misalignment causes the sighting to be inaccurate.

[0044] The description does not include the terms necessary for accurate sighting: "eye visual axis", "center of the fovea in the macula", "gamma angle", "vertical sighting plane".

[0045] The majority of the drawbacks of the prior art remain and new ones are added:

[0046] - the athlete does not know physiologically the position of the center of the fovea in the macula (visual axis) of the sighting, which is not visible in the macula;

[0047] - the position of the center of the fovea in the macula and of the visual axis (both invisible to the athlete) with respect to the sighting line is checked by indirect methods, i.e. based on the relative position of the visible rear sight, front sight and target;

[0048] - the peripheral vision is obscured by the opaque patch;

[0049] - the opaque patch on the lens cannot be moved, making it impossible for the athlete to accurately and independently align the center of the hole of the patch with the visual axis and to orient it vertically;

[0050] - the application is not universal, since the glasses cannot be used for other sports that require both central and peripheral vision. SUMMARY

[0051] The objectives to be achieved by the present invention are the following:

[0052] - to develop sighting glasses that allow the athlete to check the position of the center of the fovea in the macula of the eye related to the target and the position of the sighting origin line, regardless of the specific case of the spatial position of his / her head, for example in different types of sports;

[0053] - to improve the stability of the position of the sighting guide with respect to the center of the fovea in the macula.

[0054] The problem encountered in achieving the above objectives is to determine the necessary type (degrees of freedom) and to provide a mechanism for moving the sighting guide with respect to the frame of the glasses.

[0055] The present invention provides the following technical effects:

[0056] - improved aiming accuracy;

[0057] - the aiming glasses have a wider versatility and can be used for different types of sports.

[0058] A further technical effect is to enable the athlete to develop a reproducible afterimage of the aiming guide at the aiming origin, see www.ru.wikipedia.ru , Posleobraz (afterimage).

[0059] This technical effect is achieved by a pair of aiming glasses comprising an optical part having an aiming guide and a frame, characterized in that the optical part is configured to move and rotate relative to the frame in order to align the center of the aiming guide with the eye visual axis passing through the center of the fovea in the eye macula and the target, and to orient the aiming guide vertically.

[0060] Furthermore, the optical part is configured in the form of a movable and rotatable lens provided with the aiming guide.

[0061] Furthermore, the aiming guide is configured in the form of aiming reticles on the lens or X-shaped slots in the lens.

[0062] Furthermore, the frame is provided with grooves for lens movement and rotation.

[0063] Furthermore, the movable and rotatable lens and the frame are provided with magnets.

[0064] Furthermore, the optical part is configured in the form of a movable and rotatable sliding member provided with the aiming guide.

[0065] Furthermore, the aiming guide is configured in the form of a plurality of lines.

[0066] Furthermore, the frame is provided with grooves for sliding member movement and rotation.

[0067] Furthermore, the optical part is configured in the form of a movable and rotatable light-emitting aiming guide on a non-movable lens.

[0068] Furthermore, the light-emitting aiming guide is configured in the form of aiming reticles.

[0069] Furthermore, the light-emitting aiming guide is generated by a movable and rotatable light emitter provided on the arm of the glasses.

[0070] Furthermore, the light emitter movement and rotation device is configured in the form of various hook hinges.

[0071] The essential feature “optical component” is expressed in a general form because it encompasses various implementations of optical components and lenses: non-refractive lenses with aiming guides, sliding members with aiming guides without lenses, and luminescent aiming guides generated on lenses (such as refractive lenses) by a light emitter. However, all implementations provide the same technical effect as described above.

[0072] The essential feature “configured to move and rotate relative to the frame” is expressed in a general form because it includes the movement of the aiming guide by various lens movement and rotation mechanisms, the movement of the sliding member in the absence of a lens, and the movement of the luminous aiming guide relative to the fixed lens.

[0073] The essential feature “aiming guide” is expressed in a common form across all implementations because it encompasses various types of structures, shapes, and arrangements, such as different aiming reticles—see www.yandex.ru ,Pritselnaya setka (aiming line), image. Aiming guides can also be implemented in other similar forms, such as in the form of X-shaped grooves in the lens, in the form of lines on the sliding member, or in the form of luminous aiming guides on the lens surface.

[0074] The essential feature “center of the aiming guide” is expressed in a general form because, regardless of the form of the aiming guide, they are either symmetrically arranged with respect to their common point (center) or arranged on the same vertical line as the center through which the vertical aiming axis passes.

[0075] The essential feature “vertical orientation” is expressed in a general form because it includes the arrangement of at least some aiming guides in a vertical plane, regardless of the arrangement of the head and the eyeglass frame. For this purpose, the aiming guides must be rotatable (tiltable) relative to the eyeglass frame to one side or the other.

[0076] The essential feature “the optical components are configured to move and rotate relative to the frame in order to align the center of the aiming guide with the visual axis passing through the center of the fovea in the macula and with the target” is causally related to the following technical effects: “improved aiming accuracy” and “greater versatility of the aiming glasses, usable for different types of sports”, because:

[0077] - This provides the optical components with the ability to move and rotate, enabling the center of the fovea in the macula of the eye and the visual axis to be precisely aligned with the center of the aiming guide and the target, and enabling the aiming guide to be vertically oriented to establish a vertical aiming plane;

[0078] - Furthermore, the aiming guide in the glasses is arranged at the aiming origin, thus enabling the athlete to see the origin and the entire aiming line up to the target and to align the intermediate target and the target with the aiming line accurately based on the gamma angle. Furthermore, the movement of the visual axis is controlled, the establishment of the aiming line is not by an indirect method based on external intermediate guides; in fact, two intermediate targets are aligned with the already established visible aiming line. This improves the aiming accuracy.

[0079] - The aiming glasses can be used in other sports that require the establishment of an aiming line and a vertical aiming plane. In this way, greater versatility of use is provided.

[0080] Furthermore, the center of the fovea in the eye macula and the visual axis are aligned in advance with the center of the aiming guide and the target, and the aiming guide is oriented vertically by using, for example, an external aiming guide that includes an external point (not shown in the figures) located on a vertical line at a certain distance from the athlete - see RU 2737350, claim 10, or using an ophthalmic device to orient the aiming guide vertically - see RU 2737350, description, page 4, paragraph 2, after which the aiming is completed under real conditions.

[0081] This combination of necessary features also has a causal relationship with further technical effects that are unknown in the prior art, namely "enabling the athlete to develop a reproducible afterimage of the aiming guide at the aiming origin" because, due to the aiming guide being arranged on the lens of the aiming glasses at a distance closer than the eye's focal length, in combination with the long-term (3 to 6 months) use of the aiming glasses in practice, the athlete begins to see (discern) an afterimage of a semi-transparent vertical line that passes through the entire field of view between the visual axis origin, the upper eyelid and the lower eyelid, near the cornea, even without the aiming glasses. Furthermore, the vertical line thus established does not disappear with changes in the eye's focal point along the visual axis, but allows the intermediate target, the entire aiming line and the target to be seen through it and aligned with them. Furthermore, since the vertical line is arranged at a minimum distance from the center of the fovea in the macula, the established vertical line is aligned with the center of the fovea in the macula and is stably connected and controlled by the movement of the center of the fovea in the macula. Due to the long-term use of the aiming glasses, the afterimage persists for several days even without the aiming glasses for aiming, after which the afterimage gradually "disappears", requiring regular training with the aiming glasses. This arrangement of the afterimage developed at the origin of the visual axis is significantly different from the afterimages of the prior art - see www.ru.wikipedia.ruPosleobraz (afterimage), the prior art afterimage is arranged at a distance from the eye outside the visible end of the visual axis, for example on a wall, and therefore is also unacceptable for exact visible alignment with the center of the fovea in the macula or for the origin for establishing a visible aiming line. The afterimage of the aiming reticle thus cultivated provides a temporary possibility to achieve the technical effect described without aiming glasses, for example in a competition.

[0082] Furthermore, according to RU 2737350, claim 1, by using contact lenses for aiming, it is also possible to cultivate an afterimage of the aiming reticle with vertical orientation at the aiming origin line. However, even in the case of co-movement of the eyeball with the contact lenses and the aiming guide, long-term training is required. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0083] Figure 1 Schematically shown is aiming with the right eye, where the eye visual axis is offset from the eye optical axis by a gamma angle of 5 degrees, while the aiming line is offset from the center of the fovea in the macula onto the macula, resulting in inaccurate aiming (for clarity, the size of the macula is enlarged), top view, scale 1:1.

[0084] Figure 2 Shown is an implementation of the aiming glasses, where "the optical component is configured in the form of a movable and rotatable lens provided with an aiming guide", where "the aiming guide is configured in the form of an aiming reticle", front view, scale 1:1.5.

[0085] Figure 3 Shown is a lens, where "the aiming guide is configured in the form of an X-shaped slot in the lens", front view, scale 1:1.5.

[0086] Figure 4 Shown are the aiming glasses, top view, scale 1:1.5.

[0087] Figure 5 Shown is an implementation of the aiming glasses, where "the movable and rotatable lens and the frame are provided with magnets", front view, scale 1:1.5.

[0088] Figure 6 Shown is a left side view of the aiming glasses.

[0089] Figure 7 Shown is an implementation of the aiming glasses, where "the optical component is configured in the form of a movable and rotatable sliding member provided with an aiming guide", where "the aiming guide is configured in the form of a line", front view, scale 1:1.5.

[0090] Figure 8An implementation of the sighting glasses is shown, in which the "optical component is configured in the form of a movable and rotatable light-emitting sighting guide on an immovable lens", top view, scale 1 : 1.5.

[0091] Figure 9 Sighting glasses with light emitter rotation, left side view, scale 1 : 1.

[0092] Figure 10 Sighting glasses with light emitter tilt, view indicated by arrow A, scale 1 : 1. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0093] Details showing that the sighting glasses can be produced and operated in all embodiments to produce the described technical effects and further technical effects are as follows.

[0094] Sighting scheme with sighting line deviating from the fovea in the macula, as Figure 1 shown, comprising an eyeball 1, a macula 2 comprising a fovea 3, a visual axis 4 passing through the center of the fovea 3 in the macula 2 and the center of the lens 5, an optical axis 6, a cornea 7, a sighting line 8 not aligned with the visual axis 4, i.e. inaccurate sighting, and a center of rotation 9 of the eyeball 1.

[0095] In an implementation of the essential feature "the optical component is configured in the form of a movable and rotatable lens provided with a sighting guide", in which the'sighting guide is configured in the form of a sighting reticle', as Figure 2 , 4 shown, the sighting glasses comprise a lens 10 made of artificial glass or made of a plastic material, for example PET, with a translucency of 90% and a thickness of 1 to 2 mm. One lens 10 can be provided for the dominant eye, or two lenses for both eyes. Since the left and right eyes have offset geometric centers, the lens 10 is shaped asymmetrically according to the shape of the field of view. As Figure 3 shown, the sighting guide on the lens 10 is configured in the form of a sighting reticle 11 with a center 12 where the vertical and horizontal lines cross each other, or in the form of an X-shaped groove 13 in the lens, as Figure 3 shown. The horizontal line and the center 12 can be arranged higher or lower depending on the tilt of the head in the sighting posture. The lens 10 is arranged at a distance closer than the front focal length of the eye - see www.glazamed.ru5. Opticheskaya sistema i refraktsiya glaza (Optical system and refraction of the eye), paragraph 7. Therefore, the edges of the aiming mark 11 lines and the grooves 13 will not be clear and blurred for the athlete, but will have uniform and distinguishable boundaries, similar to the boundaries of the mask and the hole, according to patents US 3794414, description, paragraph 5, patent US 598400, description, summary of the invention, paragraph 3. In the case where the thickness of the aiming mark 11 lines is small, from 0.5 to 1.2 mm, the light rays affected by diffraction - see www.ens.tru.ru, Difraktsiya Frenelya ot prosteishikh pregrad. Difraktsiya ot diska (Fresnel diffraction from the main obstacles, diffraction from the disk), Figure 9 .4 - passing through the aiming mark 11 lines, converging behind them and being perceived visually as "passing through these lines". In this case, the aiming mark 11 lines become "semi-transparent" with uniform, distinguishable boundaries, which is sufficient for seeing and visualizing space, intermediate targets and targets arranged behind them. It is also taken into account that the thickness of the aiming mark 11 lines is selected in the range from 0.5 to 1.2 mm: if the lens is arranged at a distance shorter than the focal length of the eye, if the size of the aiming mark 11 element is greater than 0.5 mm, then the aiming mark 11 element becomes visible (RU 2444334, claim 2). The thickness of the lines can be increased or decreased, which can be determined experimentally and taking into account the individual features of the athlete's vision. In addition, the width of the X-shaped grooves 13 is configured in the range from 0.5 to 1.2 mm, and the visual axis passes between the edges of the grooves.

[0096] The aiming mark 11 is manufactured on the outer or inner side of the lens 10 by using different colors of paint of the prior art, such as paint containing a vinyl copolymer and a dye - see patent RU 2074409, description, page 1, or by using a laser - see patent RU 2444334, description Figure 5 , step 1, or by using mechanical processing; in this case, the cross-section of the mechanical processing can be a triangular, rectangular or semicircular profile (not shown in the figures) and can have various degrees of translucency, such as painted.

[0097] The sighting glasses also include a frame 4 provided with a recess 15 for the movable and rotatable lens 10, and arms 16 provided with temples. In addition, a flange strip (not shown) is glued inside the recess 15 to fix the lens 10 while allowing it to move, or the width of the recess 15 can be configured to be 0.1 to 0.2 mm less than the thickness of the lens 10 to provide slight compression. The frame 14 can be flat or can have a radius. The height of the frame 14 and the lens 10 can be adjusted depending on the tilt of the head in the sighting position in different types of sports. In order to fix the frame 14 on the head during movement of the lens 10, the arms 16 can be equipped with elastic retention straps - see www.tula.vgrote.ru Rezinka dlya ochkov ESS Crosbow (elastic band for ESS Crosbow series of glasses).

[0098] The use of the sighting glasses including the lens 10 is as follows.

[0099] The athlete puts on the glasses and takes the sighting position in front of any type of external sighting guide set at a distance - see RU 2737350, claims, claim 10. Then, the athlete observes the external point of the external sighting guide, after which he / she moves and rotates the lens 10 right / left and / or up / down with his / her hands until the center of the fovea 3 in the macula 2 and the center 12 are aligned with the external point on the external sighting guide in order to align the visual axis 4 with the sighting line 8, and then orient the sighting guide 11 along the vertical line of the external sighting guide.

[0100] In addition, the athlete performs complex micro-movements and small movements with his / her eyeballs 1, small rotations, tilts and movements with his / her head and weapon within the limits of his / her sports position and depending on his / her personal preferences to determine the final position of the fovea 3 in the macula 2, to accurately align the center of the fovea 3 in the macula 2 with the sighting line 8 and the target. As a result, the athlete sees the sighting mark at the origin of the sighting line and the entire sighting line 8 on the visual axis 4, and sees the vertical sighting plane.

[0101] Similarly, the athlete aligns the center of the assumed X-shaped slot 13 with the target. After the center of the fovea 3 in the macula 2 is aligned with the center 12 of the sighting mark 11 on the lens 10 and the external point on the external sighting guide, for example, and after the sighting mark 11 on the lens 10 is oriented vertically, the athlete can use the sighting glasses to perform real sighting without external sighting guides, for example, to shoot.

[0102] In this way, the main technical effect described above is achieved, and after long-term training, the further technical effects described above are achieved.

[0103] In the implementation of the essential feature "movable and rotatable lens and frame provided with magnets", as shown in Figure 5 , 6 the aiming eyeglasses comprise lenses 10 on which magnets 17 are attached in their upper and lower positions, the magnets 17 having dimensions of 3x30 mm and a thickness of 0.5 to 1 mm - see www.my-shop.ru Samokleyushchiysya magnitnyi list, gibkiy (self-adhesive magnetic sheet, flexible) 200x300x0.7 mm, or instead of magnets, metal strips of 0.3 mm thickness can be attached to the lenses 10 (not shown in the figure). The aiming eyeglasses also comprise a frame 14 on the front side of which, in the upper and lower positions, magnets 17 are attached having dimensions of 3x45 mm. In addition, magnets 17 are chosen which have a minimum magnetic force sufficient to hold the lenses 10 during movement.

[0104] The way of using the aiming eyeglasses provided with lenses 10 and magnets 17 is similar to the way described in the aforementioned implementation comprising grooves 15. Here, the lenses 10 provided with magnets 17 are attracted to the frame 14 provided with magnets 17 and can be moved, rotated and can align the center of the fovea 3 in the macula 2 with the center 12 of the aiming guide and with the target, and can orient the aiming guide 11 in the vertical plane.

[0105] In this way, the main technical effect described above is achieved, and after long-term training, the further technical effects described above are achieved.

[0106] In the implementation of the essential feature "optical component is configured in the form of a movable and rotatable sliding member provided with an aiming guide", where "the aiming guide is configured in the form of a line", as shown in Figure 7 the aiming eyeglasses comprise a sliding member 18, for example made of a transparent plastic material Palclear PVC - see www.amk-grupp.ru- the sliding members 18 protrude from the frame with a thickness of 1 mm to 1.5 mm, a width of 8 mm, and a length of 35 mm to 38 mm to be in contact with the fingers during movement, for example, during vertical movement. The aiming guides are configured in the form of a line. The upper and lower sliding members 18 can be moved independently of each other and are arranged on the same straight line. The frame 14 is provided with grooves 15 for the movable and rotatable sliding members 18. In the grooves 15, flannel strips (not shown in the figures) are glued. When the sliding members 18 are moved to the opposite side, there is no visible line connecting them, but only the ends of the aiming lines of the sliding members 18 are visible. In addition, there is no visible horizontal line. In this case, it is much more complicated to establish the aiming line and to orient the aiming guides vertically. However, this implementation of the necessary features is used for athletes who have a higher level of skill after training using glasses provided with lenses 10.

[0107] In addition, the length of the sliding members 18 can be shorter, i.e. 15 mm to 20 mm (not shown in the figures), and can be connected to the frame of the glasses in the grooves 15 or by magnets 17 in a similar way to that described in the previous implementation. However, in this case, the ability of the sliding members 18 to move in the vertical direction is reduced.

[0108] The use of the aiming glasses provided with sliding members 18 is as follows.

[0109] The athlete puts on the glasses, takes the aiming position of the specific sport in front of any type of external aiming guide set at a distance - see RU 2737350, claims, claim 10. Then, the athlete observes the external point of the external aiming guide, after which he / she moves, for example, the lower sliding member 18 with his / her hand until the end of the line on the sliding member 18, which serves as the center 12 of the aiming guide, is aligned with the external point on the external aiming guide and the visual axis 4, and then orients the line on the lower sliding member 18 along the vertical line of the external aiming guide. Then, the athlete moves the upper sliding member 18 with his / her hand until its line is aligned with the vertical line on the external aiming guide above the line on the lower sliding member 18. In addition, the sliding members 18 can be brought together, or, according to the athlete's judgment, any gap of no more than 25 mm can be left to establish the aiming line 8 with a continuous vertical line or, in a more complex variant, with a gap in the vertical line.

[0110] In addition, the athlete sees or imagines the aiming origin line 8 of the center of the aiming guide on the visual axis 4, and can establish the vertical aiming plane based on the lines on the sliding members 18.

[0111] In this way, the main technical effect described above is achieved, and after long-term training, the further technical effects described above are achieved.

[0112] In the implementation of the essential feature "the optical component is configured in the form of a movable and rotatable light-emitting aiming guide on an immovable lens", as Figure 8 、 9 , 10, the aiming eyeglasses comprise an immovable standard or non- refractive lens 19, which is uncoated or provided with a polarizing coating, or is coated with an anti-glare coating on the outer or inner surface, or is darkened to have a semi- transparency of, for example, 95%, so as to provide contrast for the light-emitting aiming guide in the form of, for example, a light-emitting aiming reticle 11 on the surface of the lens 19, depending on the environmental conditions, such as lighting conditions. Similar coatings can be provided on the lens 10. The most preferred coating is determined experimentally. The eyeglasses comprise a frame 14 with arms 16, in which a movable and rotatable light emitter 20 is provided, which produces a light-emitting aiming guide in the form of, for example, a light-emitting aiming reticle 11 on the lens 19. In addition, the light-emitting aiming guide can be made as red, or blue, or lines with different concentrations and resolutions on the lens 19, depending on the needs of athletes with different levels of ability. Thus, due to the semi-transparency and diffraction, the light rays from the target pass through the lines of the aiming reticle 11.

[0113] The configuration of the light emitter 20 is similar to that disclosed in the flashlight circuit in www.svetilov.ru : electrical, based on light-emitting diodes, power rechargeable.

[0114] The light emitter 20 comprises a cylindrical body 21 with a diameter of 10 mm and a length of 24 mm. In the cylindrical body 21, standard components (not shown in the figures) are provided: a light source in the form of a light-emitting diode for a pendant lamp - see www.svetodiodinfo.ru , Kharakteristiki svetodiodov dlya fonarikov, Kakiye diody ispolzuyutsya dlya fonarikov (Characteristics of light-emitting diodes for flashlights, which diodes are used in flashlights?), paragraphs 3, 4. The light-emitting diode has a size of 5 mm, a current consumption of 20 to 50 mA, a voltage of 3.2 to 3.4 V, and a candle power of 800 mcd. A current-limiting resistor and a reflector for light guidance and concentration are also provided in the body.

[0115] A central part of the outer surface of the cylindrical body 21 is provided with a boss in the form of a sphere with a diameter of 18 mm to cooperate with the other parts of the Hooke joint, and with a handle 22 to move and rotate the light emitter 20.

[0116] At the exit of the light emitter there is provided a condenser 23 with an X-shaped slot of width, for example, 0.5 to 1 mm, to create a light-emitting aiming guide in the form of an aiming reticle 11 on the lens 19 and to reduce the thickness of the light-emitting line. Moreover, the short distance of 40 to 50 mm from the condenser 23 to the lens 19 ensures minimal diffuse reflection of the light-emitting aiming reticle 11. The condenser 23 can be provided with a red, blue or other color lens (not shown in the figures).

[0117] The power supply unit 24 comprises AAAA type batteries or accumulators and is arranged externally to the light emitter 20 on the arm 16 according to the weight and size of the accumulators and is fixed by screws or in the athlete's chest pocket or on his / her belt, the power supply unit 24 being connected by an electric wire 25 to the light emitter 20 with an on / off button (not shown).

[0118] The optimal properties of all the components of the light emitter 20, for example, the distance from the condenser 23 to the lens 19, are defined more precisely by experiment.

[0119] The mechanism for moving and rotating the light emitter 20 and the light-emitting aiming guide on the lens 19 of the glasses is configured in the form of a ball-and-socket Hooke's joint - see www.drive2.ru Remont sharnira Guka (Hooke's joint repair) - Jeep Cherokee, 4.0 1, 1993. Moreover, in the case of a Hooke's joint with a ball diameter of 18 mm of the body 21 arranged on the arm 16, there is no obstacle to the athlete's face or line of sight.

[0120] The Hooke's joint comprises an upper support structure 26 comprising a spherical inner surface with a pad (not shown in the figures) of 1 to 1.2 mm in thickness made of rubber, which is pasted to it for contact with the spherical outer surface of the body 21, the support structure 26 being coupled to the arm 16. The Hooke's joint also comprises a lower support structure 27 comprising a spherical inner surface and having a rubber pad pasted to it, for example, during the molding process of the plastic material, the support structure 27 being coupled to an additional arm 28; the additional arm 28 is attached to the arm 16 by screws 29, the arm 16 being provided with bosses for the screws 29. By selecting the necessary elasticity and thickness of the rubber of the pad for pasting, the force required for the upper support structure 26 and the lower support structure 27 to compress the spherical outer surface of the body 21 of the light emitter 20 is ensured. Moreover, the light emitter 20 must be firmly held in place while being easily moved and rotated by the athlete's finger action on the handle 22.

[0121] The use of the aiming glasses with a light-emitting aiming guide on a non-removable lens is as follows.

[0122] The athlete puts on the glasses, takes a sighting position in front of the external sighting guide of any type set at a certain distance - see RU 2737350, claims, claim 10. Then the athlete observes the external point of the external sighting guide, for example, with his / her left hand against his / her left eye, moves and turns the light emitter 20 through the handle 22 until the center 12 of the light-emitting sighting reticle 11 is aligned with the center of the fovea 3 in the macula 2 and the external point on the external sighting guide, and the sighting reticle 11 is oriented vertically. Then the athlete can proceed to the real sighting, for example, to shooting.

[0123] Thus, the above main technical result is achieved, and after long-term training the above further technical result is achieved.

[0124] Therefore, the above details show that the "sighting glasses" are intended to establish a line of sight, including aligning the center of the sighting guide with the center of the fovea in the macula of the eye and the target, including orienting the sighting guide in a vertical plane, in all implementations of the necessary features, which show that they can be practiced to provide the stated technical result, including the stated further technical result.

Claims

1. A targeting eyepiece, comprising an optical component with a targeting guide and a frame, characterized in that, The optical component is configured as a movable and rotatable optical aiming guide disposed on a non-movable lens, wherein the optical aiming guide is configured as an aiming crosshair and is generated by a light emitter disposed on the arm of the eyeglasses; It is used to check the unknown location of the center of the fovea and the origin of the visual axis in the eye, and to align the light on the lens with the center of the crosshairs and the visible vertical line that passes through the entire lens and the entire field of vision, and with the fovea of ​​the center of the retina and the target. And the ability to subsequently monitor the position of the external aiming guide relative to the aiming crosshairs, the vertical line, and the target, wherein the aiming crosshairs on the lens are located at a distance less than the focal length of the eye.

2. The eyeglasses according to claim 1, characterized in that, The movable and rotatable light emitter is configured in the form of a Hooke's hinge.

Images