Method for cultivating edible fungi using camellia oleifera meal as substrate

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of edible fungi cultivation methods, and in particular to a method for cultivating edible fungi using camellia oleifera meal as a substrate. The method for cultivating edible fungi using camellia oleifera meal as a substrate comprises the following steps: S1, crushing and screening the camellia oleifera meal, adding potassium hydroxide solution and urea to the crushed and screened camellia oleifera meal, and stirring evenly to obtain a mixture A; S2, placing the mixture A obtained in S1 into a reactor for hydrothermal treatment, cooling to room temperature after the hydrothermal treatment, and removing the mixture to obtain a culture matrix; S3, bagging, inoculating, culturing, and fruiting the culture matrix obtained in S2. The method for cultivating edible fungi using camellia oleifera meal as a substrate provided by the present invention has the advantages of simple process, low production cost, and large processing capacity. It can also achieve industrial-grade reduction, harmlessness, and resource utilization of camellia oleifera meal, a residual waste of forest products. The present invention also provides edible fungi with unique flavor cultivated by the above method.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of edible fungus cultivation methods, in particular to a method for cultivating edible fungi by using oil-tea camellia meal as a matrix. Background Art

[0002] Since 2019, a total of 3.64 million mu (approximately 1.6 million hectares) of low-yield and inefficient oil tea plantations have been transformed, resulting in a 4-10-fold increase in tea oil yield per mu in most regions. Relying on the oil tea industry, various regions have developed new business models. The latest data shows that as of November 2020, my country's oil tea planting area has reached 68 million mu (approximately 1.6 million hectares), with 14 million mu (approximately 1.6 million hectares) of high-yield oil tea plantations, an annual tea oil output exceeding 620,000 tons, and a total output value of 116 billion yuan (approximately 1.6 billion yuan). As the transformation of low-yield oil tea plantations deepens, new challenges arise. The treatment of residual materials, such as oil tea stumps, after forest transformation, and whether their secondary use can generate additional economic value or ecological benefits are issues worth considering.

[0003] Chinese patent CN105724061A discloses a method for cultivating oyster mushrooms in a bottle using camellia oleifera shells as a substrate. The method primarily includes the following steps: fermentation, pretreatment with cottonseed hulls and sawdust, mixing, bottling, sterilization, cooling, inoculation, cultivation, scratching, and fruiting. Fermentation of camellia oleifera shells partially converts them into humus, shortening the fruiting time of oyster mushrooms. Furthermore, the camellia oleifera shells partially replace cottonseed hulls, reducing production costs. However, this method involves complex steps and a long processing cycle. The addition of water to the open-air composting process can easily produce unpleasant odors and breed mosquitoes, making it difficult to comply with increasingly stringent environmental impact assessment standards.

[0004] Chinese patent CN108338054A discloses a method for preparing a cultivation medium from oil-tea camellia shells. The method comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing oil-tea camellia shells, an initiator, a surfactant, urea, and a microbial mixed inoculum; adding water to adjust the moisture content to 55% to 60%; fermenting in a heat-insulating, aerated composting device; raising the temperature to 55-70°C after two days of fermentation; keeping the temperature for 5-6 days; turning the compost; and repeating this process 3-4 times. When the temperature drops to 40°C, functional bacteria are added to degrade the cellulose and lignin that are difficult to decompose; and when the compost cools to room temperature, the composting is completed to obtain a cultivation medium with insecticidal and sterilizing effects. The method has a simple formula and produces a cultivation medium that is both nutritious and has insecticidal and sterilizing functions. However, the preparation cost is high and the method is not suitable for the cultivation of edible fungi.

[0005] The above-mentioned defects are expected to be overcome by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned defects in the prior art. In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for cultivating edible fungi using camellia oleifera meal as a substrate.

[0007] Based on the first aspect of the present invention, the second aspect of the present invention further provides an edible fungus cultivated by the above method.

[0008] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0009] A method for cultivating edible fungi using camellia oleifera meal as a substrate comprises the following steps:

[0010] Step S1, crushing and sieving the camellia oil meal, adding potassium hydroxide solution and urea to the crushed and sieved camellia oil meal, and stirring uniformly to obtain a mixed material A;

[0011] Step S2: placing the mixed material A obtained in step S1 into a reactor for hydrothermal treatment. After the hydrothermal treatment, the mixed material A is cooled to room temperature and taken out to obtain a culture matrix.

[0012] Step S3: bagging, inoculating, culturing, and fruiting the culture medium obtained in step S2.

[0013] Furthermore, in step S1, the oil-tea camellia meal is air-dried before use.

[0014] Furthermore, in the step S1, the sieving is performed using a 20-mesh sieve.

[0015] Furthermore, in step S1, the pH value of the potassium hydroxide solution is 8-10.

[0016] Preferably, in step S1, the mass volume ratio of the crushed and sieved camellia oil meal to the potassium hydroxide solution is 1-2:1-2 g / ml.

[0017] Furthermore, in step S1, the amount of urea added is 0.5% to 5% of the mass of the crushed and sieved camellia oil meal.

[0018] Furthermore, in step S1, the stirring time is 0.5h to 12h.

[0019] Furthermore, in step S2, the temperature of the hydrothermal treatment is 150° C. to 250° C., and the time of the hydrothermal treatment is 0.5 h to 2 h.

[0020] Furthermore, in step S3, the culture medium obtained in step S2 is cooled to room temperature and then bagged with polypropylene plastic bags; inoculation is performed in a sterile inoculation room; after the inoculation is completed, the mushroom bags are moved to a spawning room, and the spawning is completed under the conditions that the humidity of the spawning room is controlled to be 60% to 65% and the temperature is controlled to be 23° C. to 25° C.; after the mycelium bags are full, the mushroom bags are moved to a fruiting room, and the fruiting is completed under the conditions that the humidity of the fruiting room is controlled to be 60% to 70% and the temperature is controlled to be 25% to 28° C.

[0021] An edible fungus is cultivated by the above-mentioned method of cultivating edible fungi using camellia oleifera meal as a matrix.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0023] 1. The method of cultivating edible fungi using camellia oleifera meal as a matrix according to the present invention can not only reduce and harmlessly treat the residual waste camellia oleifera meal of forest products, but also obtain a high-value-added edible fungi culture matrix, thereby reducing the production cost of the fungi industry and enabling full and efficient recycling of resources. The method has the advantages of simple process, low production cost, short fruiting cycle and large processing capacity, and provides a more excellent and simple matrix formula for the cultivation of edible fungi. Only a simple hydrothermal reaction treatment is needed to convert the difficult-to-degrade camellia oleifera meal into nutrients for edible fungi. No pollutants are generated in the entire process, which is in line with the concept of green environmental protection.

[0024] 2. Camellia oleifera meal is used as the culture medium for edible fungi. The saponin components are destroyed through hydrothermal treatment, which reduces the inhibitory effect of camellia oleifera meal on the growth of edible fungi mycelium. At the same time, the hydrothermal treatment also sterilizes the matrix, shortening the process flow.

[0025] 3. By adding potassium hydroxide, the alkalinity can be adjusted and a rich potassium source can be provided. It can also effectively destroy the structure of cellulose and lignin and improve the humification degree of camellia oil meal. By adding urea, a rich nitrogen source and carbon source are provided, and urea decomposes when heated: CO(NH2)2→NH3↑+HCNO, which can increase the looseness of the matrix, which is beneficial to the storage and slow release of nutrients in the matrix and the growth of mycelium. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic flow chart of a method for cultivating edible fungi using camellia oleifera meal as a substrate, provided by the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 This is a picture of the mixed material A after the hydrothermal treatment in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 This is a picture of the culture matrix after being bagged in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 4 This is a picture of mycelium growing and producing mushrooms after inoculation in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 5 This is a picture of the black-skinned Alpinia capitis obtained in Example 1 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] A method for cultivating edible fungi using camellia oleifera meal as a substrate comprises the following steps:

[0033] Step S1, crushing and sieving the camellia oil meal, adding potassium hydroxide solution and urea to the crushed and sieved camellia oil meal, and stirring uniformly to obtain a mixed material A;

[0034] Step S2: placing the mixed material A obtained in step S1 into a reactor for hydrothermal treatment. After the hydrothermal treatment, the mixed material A is cooled to room temperature and taken out to obtain a culture matrix.

[0035] Step S3: bagging, inoculating, culturing, and fruiting the culture medium obtained in step S2.

[0036] Furthermore, in step S1, the oil-tea camellia meal is air-dried before use.

[0037] Furthermore, in the step S1, the sieving is performed using a 20-mesh sieve.

[0038] Furthermore, in step S1, the pH value of the potassium hydroxide solution is 8-10.

[0039] Furthermore, in step S1, the mass volume ratio of the crushed and sieved camellia oil meal to the potassium hydroxide solution is 1-2:1-2 g / ml.

[0040] Furthermore, in step S1, the amount of urea added is 0.5% to 5% of the mass of the crushed and sieved camellia oil meal.

[0041] Furthermore, in step S1, the stirring time is 0.5h to 12h.

[0042] Furthermore, in step S2, the temperature of the hydrothermal treatment is 150° C. to 250° C., and the time of the hydrothermal treatment is 0.5 h to 2 h.

[0043] Furthermore, in step S3, the culture medium obtained in step S2 is cooled to room temperature and then bagged with polypropylene plastic bags; inoculation is performed in a sterile inoculation room; after the inoculation is completed, the mushroom bags are moved to a spawning room, and the spawning is completed under the conditions that the humidity of the spawning room is controlled to be 60% to 65% and the temperature is controlled to be 23° C. to 25° C.; after the mycelium bags are full, the mushroom bags are moved to a fruiting room, and the fruiting is completed under the conditions that the humidity of the fruiting room is controlled to be 60% to 70% and the temperature is controlled to be 25% to 28° C.

[0044] An edible fungus is cultivated by the above-mentioned method of cultivating edible fungi using camellia oleifera meal as a matrix.

[0045] The following four examples and two comparative examples are given to further illustrate the embodiments and beneficial effects of the present invention.

[0046] Example 1

[0047] (1) The oil-tea cake, which is the residual waste of forest products after air-drying, is crushed and sieved with a 20-mesh sieve for later use.

[0048] (2) Take 500 g of the crushed and sieved camellia dregs in step (1), add 600 ml of potassium hydroxide solution and 2.5 g of urea, stir for 2 h, and stir evenly to obtain a mixed material A; wherein the pH of the potassium hydroxide solution is 8.

[0049] (3) The mixture A obtained in step (2) was placed in a reactor for hydrothermal treatment at a temperature of 180° C. for 2 h. After the hydrothermal treatment, the mixture was cooled to room temperature and removed to obtain a culture matrix.

[0050] (4) The culture medium obtained in step (3) was cooled to room temperature, and then bagged with a 17 cm × 33 cm polypropylene plastic bag, and inoculated with black skinned Alpinia thunbergii in a sterile inoculation.

[0051] (5) After the inoculation in step (4), the bacteria bag is moved to the germination room, and the humidity in the germination room is controlled at 60% to 65% and the temperature is controlled at 23°C to 25°C. Under these conditions, the germination is completed.

[0052] (6) After the mycelium bags are full, move the bags to the fruiting room. The humidity in the fruiting room is controlled at 60-70% and the temperature is controlled at 25-28°C. Fruiting is completed under these conditions.

[0053] Example 2

[0054] (1) The oil-tea cake, which is the residual waste of forest products after air-drying, is crushed and sieved with a 20-mesh sieve for later use.

[0055] (2) Take 500 g of the crushed and sieved camellia dregs in step (1), add 600 ml of potassium hydroxide solution and 25 g of urea, stir for 2 h, and stir evenly to obtain a mixed material A; wherein the pH of the potassium hydroxide solution is 8.

[0056] (3) The mixture A obtained in step (2) was placed in a reactor for hydrothermal treatment at a temperature of 180° C. for 2 h. After the hydrothermal treatment, the mixture was cooled to room temperature and removed to obtain a culture matrix.

[0057] (4) The culture medium obtained in step (3) was cooled to room temperature, and then bagged with a 17 cm × 33 cm polypropylene plastic bag, and inoculated with black skinned Alpinia thunbergii in a sterile inoculation.

[0058] (5) After the inoculation in step (4), the bacteria bag is moved to the germination room, and the humidity in the germination room is controlled at 60% to 65% and the temperature is controlled at 23°C to 25°C. Under these conditions, the germination is completed.

[0059] (6) After the mycelium bags are full, move the bags to the fruiting room. The humidity in the fruiting room is controlled at 60-70% and the temperature is controlled at 25-28°C. Fruiting is completed under these conditions.

[0060] Example 3

[0061] (1) The oil-tea cake, which is the residual waste of forest products after air-drying, is crushed and sieved with a 20-mesh sieve for later use.

[0062] (2) Take 500 g of the crushed and sieved camellia dregs in step (1), add 600 ml of potassium hydroxide solution and 2.5 g of urea, stir for 2 h, and stir evenly to obtain a mixture A; wherein the pH of the potassium hydroxide solution is 10.

[0063] (3) The mixture A obtained in step (2) was placed in a reactor for hydrothermal treatment at a temperature of 180° C. for 2 h. After the hydrothermal treatment, the mixture was cooled to room temperature and removed to obtain a culture matrix.

[0064] (4) The culture medium obtained in step (3) was cooled to room temperature, and then bagged with a 17 cm × 33 cm polypropylene plastic bag, and inoculated with black skinned Alpinia albuminosa in a sterile manner.

[0065] (5) After the inoculation in step (4), the bacteria bag is moved to the germination room, and the humidity in the germination room is controlled at 60% to 65% and the temperature is controlled at 23°C to 25°C. Under these conditions, the germination is completed.

[0066] (6) After the mycelium bags are full, move the bags to the fruiting room. The humidity in the fruiting room is controlled at 60-70% and the temperature is controlled at 25-28°C. Fruiting is completed under these conditions.

[0067] Example 4

[0068] (1) The oil-tea cake, which is the residual waste of forest products after air-drying, is crushed and sieved with a 20-mesh sieve for later use.

[0069] (2) Take 500 g of the crushed and sieved camellia dregs in step (1), add 600 ml of potassium hydroxide solution and 25 g of urea, stir for 2 h, and stir evenly to obtain a mixed material A; wherein the pH of the potassium hydroxide solution is 10.

[0070] (3) The mixture A obtained in step (2) was placed in a reactor for hydrothermal treatment at a temperature of 180° C. for 2 h. After the hydrothermal treatment, the mixture was cooled to room temperature and removed to obtain a culture matrix.

[0071] (4) The culture medium obtained in step (3) was cooled to room temperature, and then bagged with a 17 cm × 33 cm polypropylene plastic bag, and inoculated with black skinned Alpinia thunbergii in a sterile inoculation.

[0072] (5) After the inoculation in step (4), the bacteria bag is moved to the germination room, and the humidity in the germination room is controlled at 60% to 65% and the temperature is controlled at 23°C to 25°C. Under these conditions, the germination is completed.

[0073] (6) After the mycelium bags are full, move the bags to the fruiting room. The humidity in the fruiting room is controlled at 60-70% and the temperature is controlled at 25-28°C. Fruiting is completed under these conditions.

[0074] Comparative Example 1

[0075] (1) 425 g of camellia oleifera meal was pre-wetted and soaked for 48 h to obtain a fully water-absorbent matrix.

[0076] (2) Add 65g of bran, 5g of gypsum, and 1g of lime to the fully water-absorbed matrix obtained in step (1), add water, stir evenly, and then bag. Each bag contains 500g of dry material and has a water content of 60%.

[0077] (3) The bag material obtained in step (2) is placed in a sterilization tank at 121° C. for sterilization for 3 hours.

[0078] (4) taking out the bag material that has been sterilized in step (3), cooling it to room temperature, and inoculating it with black-skinned Alpinia thunbergii in an aseptic inoculation process.

[0079] (5) After the inoculation in step (4), the bacteria bag is moved to the germination room, and the humidity in the germination room is controlled at 60% to 65% and the temperature is controlled at 23°C to 25°C. Under these conditions, the germination is completed.

[0080] (6) After the mycelium bags are full, move the bags to the fruiting room. The humidity in the fruiting room is controlled at 60-70% and the temperature is controlled at 25-28°C. Fruiting is completed under these conditions.

[0081] Comparative Example 2

[0082] (1) 125 g of sawdust and 300 g of cottonseed hulls were pre-wetted and soaked for 48 h to obtain a fully water-absorbent matrix.

[0083] (2) Add 65g of bran, 5g of gypsum, and 1g of lime to the fully water-absorbed matrix obtained in step (1), add water, stir evenly, and then bag. Each bag contains 500g of dry material and has a water content of 60%.

[0084] (3) The bag material obtained in step (2) is placed in a sterilization tank at 121° C. for sterilization for 3 hours.

[0085] (4) taking out the bag material that has been sterilized in step (3), cooling it to room temperature, and inoculating it with black-skinned Alpinia thunbergii in an aseptic inoculation process.

[0086] (5) After the inoculation in step (4), the bacteria bag is moved to the germination room, and the humidity in the germination room is controlled at 60% to 65% and the temperature is controlled at 23°C to 25°C. Under these conditions, the germination is completed.

[0087] (6) After the mycelium bags are full, move the bags to the fruiting room. The humidity in the fruiting room is controlled at 60-70% and the temperature is controlled at 25-28°C. Fruiting is completed under these conditions.

[0088] The mycelial length, fruiting period, fresh weight and calculated biological efficiency parameters of the black-skinned Alpinia thunbergii cultivated in each embodiment and comparative example are shown in Table 1.

[0089] Table 1. Related parameters of Alpinia thunbergii

[0090] Mycelium length (cm) Fruiting period (d) Fresh weight (g) Biological efficiency (%) Example 1 6.3 86 155 31.0 Example 2 6.7 83 171 34.2 Example 3 5.8 114 149 29.8 Example 4 6.1 107 157 31.4 Comparative Example 1 3.5 138 128 25.6 Comparative Example 2 5.3 120 136 27.2

[0091] From the data in Table 1, we can see that:

[0092] (1) The hyphae length of the black-skinned Alpinia arborescens cultivated in Examples 1-4 was 5.8 to 6.7 cm, which was longer than the hyphae length (3.5 cm) of the black-skinned Alpinia arborescens cultivated in Comparative Example 1 and the hyphae length (5.3 cm) of the black-skinned Alpinia arborescens cultivated in Comparative Example 2;

[0093] (2) The fruiting period of the black-skinned Alpinia thunbergii cultivated in Examples 1-4 was 83 to 114 days, which was shorter than the fruiting period of the black-skinned Alpinia thunbergii cultivated in Comparative Example 1 (138 days) and the fruiting period of the black-skinned Alpinia thunbergii cultivated in Comparative Example 2 (120 days);

[0094] (3) The fresh weight of the black-skinned Alpinia argentea cultivated in Examples 1-4 was 149-171 g, which was heavier than the fresh weight (128 g) of the black-skinned Alpinia argentea cultivated in Comparative Example 1 and the fresh weight (136 g) of the black-skinned Alpinia argentea cultivated in Comparative Example 2. The biological efficiency was calculated from the fresh weight of the black-skinned Alpinia argentea. The biological efficiency of the black-skinned Alpinia argentea cultivated in Examples 1-4 was 29.8-34.2%, which was higher than the biological efficiency (25.6%) of the black-skinned Alpinia argentea cultivated in Comparative Example 1 and the biological efficiency (27.2%) of the black-skinned Alpinia argentea cultivated in Comparative Example 2.

[0095] The method provided by the present invention for cultivating edible fungi by using oil-tea camellia meal as a substrate has the advantages of short fruiting period and good growth.

[0096] The above embodiments are preferred implementation modes of the present invention, but the implementation modes of the present invention are not limited to the above embodiments. Any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications that do not deviate from the spirit and principles of the present invention should be considered as equivalent replacement methods and are included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating edible fungi using camellia oleifera meal as a substrate, characterized in that: The steps include: Step S1, crushing and sieving the camellia oil meal, adding potassium hydroxide solution and urea to the crushed and sieved camellia oil meal, and stirring evenly to obtain a mixed material A; wherein the mass volume ratio of the crushed and sieved camellia oil meal to the potassium hydroxide solution is 1-2:1-2 g / ml; the amount of urea added is 0.5%-5% of the mass of the crushed and sieved camellia oil meal; and the stirring time is 0.5h-12h; Step S2, placing the mixed material A obtained in step S1 into a reactor for hydrothermal treatment at a temperature of 150° C. to 250° C. for a time of 0.5 h to 2 h. After the hydrothermal treatment, cooling to room temperature and taking out to obtain a culture matrix; Step S3: bagging the culture medium obtained in step S2 with polypropylene plastic bags, inoculating, culturing, and fruiting mushrooms.

2. The method for cultivating edible fungi using camellia oleifera meal as a substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S1, the oil-tea camellia meal is air-dried before use.

3. The method for cultivating edible fungi using camellia oleifera meal as a substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S1, the sieving is performed using a 20-mesh sieve.

4. The method for cultivating edible fungi using camellia oleifera meal as a substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the pH value of the potassium hydroxide solution is 8-10.

5. The method for cultivating edible fungi using camellia oleifera meal as a substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, inoculation is performed in a sterile inoculation room; after the inoculation is completed, the mushroom bag is moved to a spawning room, and the spawning is completed under the conditions of controlling the humidity of the spawning room to 60%-65% and the temperature to 23°C-25°C; after the mycelium bags are full, the mushroom bag is moved to a fruiting room, and the fruiting is completed under the conditions of controlling the humidity of the fruiting room to 60%-70% and the temperature to 25%-28°C.

6. An edible fungus, characterized in that The edible fungus is cultivated by the method for cultivating edible fungi using camellia oleifera meal as a substrate as described in any one of claims 1 to 5.

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