A key generation method, apparatus, device, and medium
By receiving pilot sequences for channel measurement and quantization, and based on the correspondence between frequency offset range and quantization method, the problems of low key generation rate and poor consistency under different user movement speeds are solved, achieving more efficient key generation.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- CHINA TELECOM CORP LTD TECHNOLOGY INNOVATION CENTER
- Filing Date
- 2023-08-28
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-19
AI Technical Summary
Existing technologies suffer from low key generation rates and inconsistent keys in scenarios where users move at different speeds.
Channel measurements are performed by receiving pilot sequences. Based on the correspondence between frequency offset range and quantization method, the channel estimation information is quantized using the quantization method to determine the quantization method suitable for the current mobile speed, thereby improving key generation rate and consistency.
In scenarios where users move at different speeds, the key generation rate and consistency are improved, and the occurrence of long strings of 0s or 1s in the key is reduced.
Smart Images
Figure CN117200997B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This application relates to the field of information security, and in particular to a key generation method, apparatus, device, and medium. Background Technology
[0002] Currently, the openness of wireless communication technology has placed higher demands on data protection algorithms. Physical layer key generation technology based on channel state information has gradually gained attention and application. This technology utilizes the reciprocity of uplink and downlink communication channels to enable both communicating parties to obtain a symmetric key; simultaneously, it leverages the time-varying nature of the wireless channel to ensure the randomness and security of the key. A typical key generation method includes steps such as channel measurement, quantization, information harmonicization, and security enhancement. The quantization method aims to convert the channel estimate information into a string of key bits, completing the conversion from analog to digital signals. The quantization order in the quantization method has a significant impact on the key generation rate and consistency.
[0003] In existing technologies, most quantization methods quantize channel estimation information based on the quantization order. However, in scenarios where users move at different speeds, this quantization method may lead to problems such as low key generation rate and key inconsistency. Summary of the Invention
[0004] This application provides a key generation method, apparatus, device, and medium to improve key generation rate and consistency in scenarios where users move at different speeds.
[0005] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a key generation method, applied to a first communication node, comprising:
[0006] Receive a pilot sequence sent by a second communication node, wherein the pilot sequence includes multiple pilot symbols;
[0007] Channel measurements are performed on the pilot sequence to obtain channel estimation information; wherein, the channel estimation information includes the channel estimation value corresponding to each pilot symbol;
[0008] The frequency offset value is obtained based on the channel estimation value and time interval corresponding to any two pilot symbols; wherein the time interval is determined based on the transmission time of the any two pilot symbols.
[0009] Based on the preset correspondence between each frequency offset value range and each quantization method, determine the quantization method corresponding to the frequency offset value range to which the frequency offset value belongs;
[0010] The channel estimation information is quantized using the quantization method described above to obtain the communication key.
[0011] In this embodiment, the first communication node receives a pilot sequence including multiple pilot symbols sent by the second communication node. By performing channel measurements on the pilot sequence, channel estimation information is obtained, including channel estimates corresponding to each pilot symbol. A frequency offset value is obtained based on the channel estimates corresponding to any two pilot symbols and the time interval. This allows for a more accurate representation of the user's movement speed and the rate of change of the wireless channel based on the frequency offset value. Furthermore, this application determines the quantization method corresponding to the frequency offset value range based on a preset correspondence between each frequency offset value range and each quantization method. This enables the use of a quantization method matching the current movement speed to quantize the channel estimation information in scenarios where the user moves at different speeds, thereby obtaining a communication key and improving key generation rate and consistency.
[0012] In one possible design, the correspondence between the preset frequency offset ranges and the quantization methods is determined in the following way:
[0013] The quantization method corresponding to each frequency offset range is determined by the principle that the smaller the frequency offset value, the larger the quantization order of the quantization method.
[0014] In this embodiment of the application, by using the method that the smaller the frequency offset value, the larger the quantization order of the quantization method, the appropriate quantization method is determined for scenarios in which the user moves at different speeds.
[0015] In one possible design, obtaining the frequency offset value based on the channel estimate and time interval corresponding to any two pilot symbols includes:
[0016] The format of the first channel estimate value in the channel estimate values corresponding to any two pilot symbols is converted to obtain the first phase information of the first channel estimate value.
[0017] The second channel estimate value in the channel estimate values corresponding to any two pilot symbols is converted to obtain the second phase information of the second channel estimate value;
[0018] The frequency offset value is obtained based on the first phase information, the second phase information, and the time interval.
[0019] In this embodiment, the frequency offset value is determined by the first phase information of the first channel estimate, the second phase information of the second channel estimate, and the time interval, thereby enabling a more accurate characterization of the user's movement speed and the rate of change of the wireless channel.
[0020] In one possible design, converting the format of the first channel estimate among the channel estimates corresponding to any two pilot symbols to obtain the first phase information of the first channel estimate includes:
[0021] The first phase information is determined in the following manner. :
[0022] ;
[0023] in, Let be the first channel estimate in complex form, and e be a natural constant.
[0024] In this embodiment of the application, the first phase information of the first channel estimate is obtained by converting the first channel estimate in complex form into an exponential format representation.
[0025] In one possible design, the step of format conversion of the second channel estimate in the channel estimates corresponding to any two pilot symbols to obtain the second phase information of the second channel estimate includes:
[0026] The second phase information is determined in the following manner. :
[0027] ;
[0028] in, The second channel estimate is in complex form, and e is a natural constant.
[0029] In this embodiment of the application, the second phase information of the second channel estimate is obtained by converting the complex form of the second channel estimate into an exponential format representation.
[0030] In one possible design, obtaining the frequency offset value based on the first phase information, the second phase information, and the time interval includes:
[0031] The frequency offset value is determined in the following manner. :
[0032] ;
[0033] in, This refers to the first phase information. This is the second phase information. The time interval is the specified time interval.
[0034] In this embodiment, the frequency offset value is determined by the difference between the first phase information and the second phase information, and the time interval, thereby enabling a more accurate characterization of the user's movement speed and the rate of change of the wireless channel.
[0035] In one possible design, the step of quantizing the channel estimate information using the quantization method to obtain the communication key includes:
[0036] The channel estimation information is quantized using the quantization method described above to obtain a first quantization result;
[0037] Obtain the second quantization result sent by the second communication node;
[0038] The first quantization result and the second quantization result are processed for consistency to obtain the communication key.
[0039] In this embodiment of the application, a communication key is obtained by performing consistency processing on the first quantization result and the second quantization result, thereby improving key consistency.
[0040] In one possible design, the consistency processing of the first quantization result and the second quantization result to obtain the communication key includes:
[0041] The first quantization result and the second quantization result are coordinated using a key negotiation method to obtain the corresponding first initial key and second initial key;
[0042] The first initial key and the second initial key are subjected to key privacy enhancement processing using a hash function, and the processed first initial key or the processed second initial key is used as the communication key.
[0043] In this embodiment, a first initial key and a second initial key are obtained by negotiating the first quantization result and the second quantization result using a key negotiation method, thereby improving key consistency. Furthermore, this application enhances the security of the communication key by using a hash function to perform key privacy enhancement processing on the first initial key and the second initial key.
[0044] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide a key generation device, applied to a first communication node, comprising:
[0045] A receiving module is used to receive a pilot sequence sent by a second communication node, wherein the pilot sequence includes multiple pilot symbols;
[0046] The measurement module is used to perform channel measurements on the pilot sequence to obtain channel estimation information; wherein, the channel estimation information includes the channel estimation value corresponding to each pilot symbol;
[0047] The acquisition module is used to obtain the frequency offset value based on the channel estimation value and time interval corresponding to any two pilot symbols; wherein the time interval is determined based on the transmission time of the any two pilot symbols;
[0048] The determination module is used to determine the quantization method corresponding to the frequency offset value range to which the frequency offset value belongs, based on the preset correspondence between each frequency offset value range and each quantization method.
[0049] The quantization module is used to quantize the channel estimation information using the quantization method to obtain the communication key.
[0050] In one possible design, the determining module is used to determine the correspondence between preset frequency offset ranges and quantization methods in the following manner:
[0051] The quantization method corresponding to each frequency offset range is determined by the principle that the smaller the frequency offset value, the larger the quantization order of the quantization method.
[0052] In one possible design, the obtaining module is used for:
[0053] The format of the first channel estimate value in the channel estimate values corresponding to any two pilot symbols is converted to obtain the first phase information of the first channel estimate value.
[0054] The second channel estimate value in the channel estimate values corresponding to any two pilot symbols is converted to obtain the second phase information of the second channel estimate value;
[0055] The frequency offset value is obtained based on the first phase information, the second phase information, and the time interval.
[0056] In one possible design, the obtaining module is used for:
[0057] The first phase information is determined in the following manner. :
[0058] ;
[0059] in, Let be the first channel estimate in complex form, and e be a natural constant.
[0060] In one possible design, the obtaining module is used for:
[0061] The second phase information is determined in the following manner. :
[0062] ;
[0063] in, The second channel estimate is in complex form, and e is a natural constant.
[0064] In one possible design, the obtaining module is used for:
[0065] The frequency offset value is determined in the following manner. :
[0066] ;
[0067] in, This refers to the first phase information. This is the second phase information. The time interval is the specified time interval.
[0068] In one possible design, the quantization module is used for:
[0069] The channel estimation information is quantized using the quantization method described above to obtain a first quantization result;
[0070] Obtain the second quantization result sent by the second communication node;
[0071] The first quantization result and the second quantization result are processed for consistency to obtain the communication key.
[0072] In one possible design, the quantization module is used for:
[0073] The first quantization result and the second quantization result are coordinated using a key negotiation method to obtain the corresponding first initial key and second initial key;
[0074] The first initial key and the second initial key are subjected to key privacy enhancement processing using a hash function, and the processed first initial key or the processed second initial key is used as the communication key.
[0075] Thirdly, embodiments of this application provide an electronic device, including:
[0076] Memory, used to store program instructions;
[0077] A processor is configured to invoke program instructions stored in the memory and execute the steps included in the first aspect and any of its designed methods according to the obtained program instructions.
[0078] Fourthly, embodiments of this application provide a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, the computer program including program instructions, which, when executed by a computer, cause the computer to perform the steps included in the method of the first aspect and any of its designs.
[0079] The technical effects of the second to fourth aspects and any one of their designs can be found in the technical effects of the corresponding designs in the first aspect, and will not be repeated here. Attached Figure Description
[0080] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating an application scenario provided in the embodiments of this application;
[0081] Figure 2 A flowchart illustrating a key generation method provided in this application embodiment;
[0082] Figure 3 A detailed flowchart of a key generation method provided in an embodiment of this application;
[0083] Figure 4 A flowchart illustrating a method for determining frequency offset values provided in an embodiment of this application;
[0084] Figure 5 A flowchart illustrating a method for determining a communication key, as provided in an embodiment of this application;
[0085] Figure 6 A flowchart illustrating a method for obtaining a communication key by performing consistency processing on a first quantization result and a second quantization result, as provided in this application embodiment;
[0086] Figure 7 A flowchart illustrating the key generation process between Alice and Bob, the communicating parties, is provided in this embodiment of the application.
[0087] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a key generation device provided in an embodiment of this application;
[0088] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation
[0089] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application. Unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of this application can be arbitrarily combined with each other. Furthermore, although a logical order is shown in the flowchart, in some cases, the steps shown or described may be performed in a different order than that shown here.
[0090] The terms "first" and "second" in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish different objects, not to describe a specific order. Furthermore, the term "comprising" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive protection. For example, a process, method, system, product, or device that includes a series of steps or units is not limited to the listed steps or units, but may optionally include steps or units not listed, or may optionally include other steps or units inherent to these processes, methods, products, or devices. The term "multiple" in this application can mean at least two, for example, two, three, or more, and the embodiments of this application do not impose limitations.
[0091] The data collection, dissemination, and use in this application all comply with relevant national laws and regulations.
[0092] Before introducing the key generation method provided in the embodiments of this application, for ease of understanding, the technical background of the embodiments of this application will be described in detail below.
[0093] Currently, the openness of wireless communication technology has placed higher demands on data protection algorithms. Physical layer key generation technology based on channel state information has gradually gained attention and application. This technology utilizes the reciprocity of uplink and downlink communication channels to enable both communicating parties to obtain a symmetric key; simultaneously, it leverages the time-varying nature of the wireless channel to ensure the randomness and security of the key. A typical key generation method includes steps such as channel measurement, quantization, information harmonicization, and security enhancement. The quantization method aims to convert the channel estimate information into a string of key bits, completing the conversion from analog to digital signals. The quantization order in the quantization method has a significant impact on the key generation rate and consistency. When the quantization order is too high, it may lead to reduced key consistency; when the quantization order is too low, it may result in long strings of 0s or 1s in the key.
[0094] In existing technologies, most quantization methods quantize channel estimation information based on the quantization order. However, in scenarios where users move at different speeds, this quantization method may lead to problems such as low key generation rate and key inconsistency.
[0095] To address the aforementioned issues, this application proposes a key generation method, apparatus, device, and medium to improve key generation rate and consistency in scenarios where users move at different speeds.
[0096] First refer to Figure 1This is a schematic diagram illustrating an application scenario of an embodiment of this application, including a first communication node 11 and a second communication node 12. The first communication node 11 and the second communication node 12 are two legally communicating nodes. The first communication node 11 can be a mobile terminal, such as a mobile phone or computer, and the second communication node 12 can be a base station. Alternatively, the first communication node 11 can be a base station, and the second communication node 12 can be a mobile terminal.
[0097] In this embodiment, a first communication node 11 receives a pilot sequence sent by a second communication node 12, wherein the pilot sequence includes multiple pilot symbols; channel measurement is performed on the pilot sequence to obtain channel estimation information; wherein the channel estimation information includes channel estimation values corresponding to each pilot symbol; a frequency offset value is obtained based on the channel estimation values corresponding to any two pilot symbols and a time interval; wherein the time interval is determined based on the transmission times of the any two pilot symbols; the quantization method corresponding to the frequency offset value range to which the frequency offset value belongs is determined according to a preset correspondence between each frequency offset value range and each quantization method; the channel estimation information is quantized using the quantization method to obtain a communication key. The first communication node 11 and the second communication node 12 communicate based on the communication key.
[0098] The following is for reference. Figure 2 The flowchart shown illustrates a key generation method applied to a first communication node, and explains the technical solution provided in the embodiments of this application:
[0099] Step 201: Receive the pilot sequence sent by the second communication node;
[0100] Specifically, the first communication node and the second communication node can transmit pilot sequences to each other in time division duplex (TDD) mode, wherein the pilot sequence includes multiple pilot symbols.
[0101] The pilot sequence can be a time-domain symbol sequence in a single-carrier transmission system or a frequency-domain subcarrier pilot sequence in a multi-carrier transmission system.
[0102] Step 202: Perform channel measurements on the pilot sequence to obtain channel estimation information;
[0103] The channel estimation information includes the channel estimation value corresponding to each pilot symbol.
[0104] Specifically, channel measurements are performed on each pilot symbol in the pilot sequence to obtain the channel estimate corresponding to each pilot symbol.
[0105] The channel estimation values corresponding to each of the above pilot symbols are complex numbers. The specific process of performing channel measurements on the pilot sequence to obtain channel estimation information in this application is prior art and will not be described in detail here.
[0106] Step 203: Obtain the frequency offset value based on the channel estimation value and time interval corresponding to any two pilot symbols;
[0107] The aforementioned time interval is determined based on the transmission times of any two pilot symbols. Specifically, if the two pilot symbols are a first pilot symbol and a second pilot symbol, then the time interval is determined based on the transmission times of the first pilot symbol and the second pilot symbol. For example, if the transmission time of the first pilot symbol is t0 and the transmission time of the second pilot symbol is t1, then the time interval t = t0 - t1.
[0108] The frequency offset values mentioned above represent the user's movement speed and the rate of change of the wireless channel.
[0109] Step 204: Based on the preset correspondence between each frequency offset value range and each quantization method, determine the quantization method corresponding to the frequency offset value range to which the frequency offset value belongs;
[0110] The above frequency offset range can be set according to the actual situation.
[0111] Step 205: Quantize the channel estimation information using the quantization method to obtain the communication key.
[0112] Specifically, the channel estimation information is converted into a string of key bits using quantization methods to obtain the communication key.
[0113] In this embodiment, the first communication node sends a pilot sequence including multiple pilot symbols to the second communication node. Channel measurement is performed on the pilot sequence to obtain channel estimation information including channel estimates corresponding to each pilot symbol. A frequency offset value is obtained based on the channel estimates corresponding to any two pilot symbols and the time interval. This allows for a more accurate representation of the user's movement speed and the rate of change of the wireless channel based on the frequency offset value. Furthermore, this application determines the quantization method corresponding to the frequency offset value range based on a preset correspondence between each frequency offset value range and each quantization method. This enables the use of a quantization method matching the current movement speed to quantize the channel estimation information in scenarios where the user moves at different speeds, thereby obtaining a communication key. This improves the key generation rate and consistency, and reduces the problem of long strings of 1s and 0s in the key.
[0114] The specific steps of the key generation method provided above will be explained in detail below, such as... Figure 3 As shown:
[0115] Step 301: Receive the pilot sequence sent by the second communication node.
[0116] The aforementioned pilot sequence includes multiple pilot symbols.
[0117] Step 302: Perform channel measurements on the pilot sequence to obtain channel estimation information.
[0118] The channel estimation information includes the channel estimation value corresponding to each pilot symbol.
[0119] Step 303: Select channel estimates corresponding to any two pilot symbols from the channel estimate information.
[0120] The first channel estimate h1 among the channel estimates corresponding to any two pilot symbols can be expressed by the following formula:
[0121] ;
[0122] in, The first channel estimate is in complex form.
[0123] The second channel estimate h2 in the channel estimates corresponding to any two pilot symbols mentioned above can be expressed by the following formula:
[0124] ;
[0125] in, The second channel estimate is in complex form.
[0126] Step 304: Obtain the frequency offset value based on the channel estimation value and time interval corresponding to any two pilot symbols.
[0127] Figure 4 A flowchart of a method for determining frequency offset value provided in an embodiment of this application is shown below. Figure 4 As shown, step 304 above includes at least the following steps:
[0128] Step 401: Convert the format of the first channel estimate value in the channel estimate values corresponding to any two pilot symbols to obtain the first phase information of the first channel estimate value;
[0129] This application can determine the first phase information in the following ways. :
[0130] ;
[0131] in, Let be the first channel estimate in complex form, and e be a natural constant.
[0132] Step 402: Convert the format of the second channel estimate in the channel estimate corresponding to any two pilot symbols to obtain the second phase information of the second channel estimate;
[0133] This application can determine the second phase information in the following ways. :
[0134] ;
[0135] in, The second channel estimate is in complex form, and e is a natural constant.
[0136] Step 403: Obtain the frequency offset value based on the first phase information, the second phase information, and the time interval.
[0137] The time interval is determined based on the transmission times of any two pilot symbols.
[0138] Alternatively, based on the Doppler frequency shift principle, the frequency offset value can be determined using the following formula. :
[0139] ;
[0140] in, This is the first phase information. For the second phase information, Let e be the time interval, and e be the natural constant.
[0141] By simplifying the above formula, a simplified formula is obtained. This application can determine the frequency offset value using the following simplified formula. :
[0142] ;
[0143] in, This is the first phase information. For the second phase information, For time intervals.
[0144] The time interval is determined based on the transmission times of the first pilot symbol and the second pilot symbol.
[0145] Step 305: Based on the preset correspondence between each frequency offset value range and each quantization method, determine the quantization method corresponding to the frequency offset value range to which the frequency offset value belongs.
[0146] The ranges of the frequency offset values mentioned above can be set according to the actual situation.
[0147] The quantization order in quantization methods significantly impacts key generation speed and consistency. A high quantization order can reduce key consistency, while a low order can result in long strings of 0s or 1s in the key. Therefore, to improve key generation speed and consistency, the following method is used to determine the correspondence between preset frequency offset ranges and various quantization methods:
[0148] The quantization method corresponding to each frequency offset range is determined by the principle that the smaller the frequency offset value, the larger the quantization order of the quantization method.
[0149] Specifically, an increase in frequency offset indicates that the user's movement speed is increasing. In this case, the quantization order of the quantization method can be reduced to avoid amplifying the impact of noise due to increased channel complexity, thus reducing the error probability. Therefore, the larger the frequency offset, the smaller the quantization order of the quantization method, and vice versa.
[0150] In the above quantization method, the quantization order represents the number of initial key bits that can be quantized from each channel estimate. Gray code is typically used in multi-bit quantization.
[0151] The aforementioned quantization methods include single-threshold quantization, dual-threshold quantization, ASBG (Adaptive Secret Bit Generation) quantization, LCA (Life cycle inventory) quantization, CQA (Channel Quantization Alternating) quantization, CQG (Channel Quantization with Guard-band) quantization, MAQ (Multi-Bit Adaptive Quantization) quantization, and vector quantization methods.
[0152] This application takes the pre-divided frequency offset range as an example. The four frequency offset ranges are the first frequency offset range, the second frequency offset range, the third frequency offset range, and the fourth frequency offset range. Specifically, the first frequency offset range is less than 3 km / h, the second frequency offset range is greater than or equal to 3 km / h and less than 30 km / h, the third frequency offset range is greater than or equal to 30 km / h and less than 60 km / h, and the fourth frequency offset range is greater than or equal to 60 km / h. The first frequency offset range corresponds to quantization method 1, the second frequency offset range corresponds to quantization method 2, the third frequency offset range corresponds to quantization method 3, and the fourth frequency offset range corresponds to quantization method 4. Since a smaller frequency offset value corresponds to a larger quantization order, the quantization order of quantization method 1 > the quantization order of quantization method 2 > the quantization order of quantization method 3 > the quantization order of quantization method 4. If the calculated frequency offset value belongs to the third frequency offset range, then its corresponding quantization method is quantization method 3.
[0153] Step 306: Quantize the channel estimation information using the quantization method to obtain the communication key.
[0154] Due to fluctuations in the wireless channel, there may be differences between the first quantization result of the first communication node and the second quantization result of the second communication node. Therefore, it is necessary to perform consistency processing on the first quantization result and the second quantization result to obtain the communication key, thereby improving the consistency of the key. Figure 5 A flowchart illustrating a method for determining a communication key provided in this application embodiment is shown below. Figure 5 As shown, step 306 above includes at least the following steps:
[0155] Step 501: Quantize the channel estimation information using the quantization method to obtain a first quantization result;
[0156] Step 502: Obtain the second quantization result sent by the second communication node;
[0157] The specific process by which the second communication node determines the second quantization result is the same as the specific process by which the first communication node determines the first quantization result, and will not be described in detail here.
[0158] Step 503: Perform consistency processing on the first quantization result and the second quantization result to obtain the communication key.
[0159] Figure 6 A flowchart illustrating a method for obtaining a communication key by performing consistency processing on a first quantization result and a second quantization result, as provided in this application embodiment, is shown below. Figure 6 As shown, step 503 above includes at least the following steps:
[0160] Step 601: Use a key negotiation method to coordinate the first quantization result and the second quantization result respectively to obtain the corresponding first initial key and second initial key;
[0161] The aforementioned key negotiation methods include methods based on Caseade (a quantum key negotiation protocol), methods based on error-correcting codes, and methods based on secure sketches.
[0162] The specific process of using the key negotiation method to coordinate the first quantization result and the second quantization result to obtain the corresponding first initial key and second initial key is existing technology and will not be described in detail here.
[0163] Step 602: Perform key privacy enhancement processing on the first initial key and the second initial key using a hash function, and use the processed first initial key or the processed second initial key as the communication key.
[0164] Because a certain amount of data is publicly transmitted during the coordination and processing of the quantization results using the key negotiation method, eavesdroppers may obtain this data and perform key analysis for eavesdropping. Therefore, this application uses a hash function to perform key privacy enhancement processing on the first and second initial keys to ensure the security of the generated communication key.
[0165] Since the key generation method applied to the second communication node is the same as the key generation method applied to the first communication node, the specific implementation method of the key generation method applied to the second communication node can be found in the specific implementation method of the key generation method applied to the first communication node, and will not be described in detail here.
[0166] The following example illustrates the legal communication between Alice and Bob. Figure 7 A flowchart illustrating the key generation process between Alice and Bob, the communicating parties in this application, is provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 7 As shown, the specific steps include:
[0167] Step 1: Bob sends pilot sequence 1 to Alice;
[0168] Step 2: Alice performs channel measurements on pilot sequence 1 to obtain channel estimation information 1;
[0169] Step 3: Alice selects channel estimate 1 corresponding to pilot symbol 1 and channel estimate 2 corresponding to pilot symbol 2 from channel estimate information 1;
[0170] Step 4: Alice obtains the frequency offset value 1 based on the channel estimate 1, the channel estimate 2, and the time interval 1.
[0171] The aforementioned time interval 1 is determined based on the transmission times of pilot symbol 1 and pilot symbol 2.
[0172] Step 5: Alice determines the quantization method 1 corresponding to the frequency offset value range to which frequency offset value 1 belongs, based on the preset correspondence between each frequency offset value range and each quantization method.
[0173] Step 6: Alice uses quantization method 1 to quantize the channel estimation information 1 to obtain the communication key;
[0174] Step 7, Alice sends pilot sequence 2 to Bob;
[0175] Step 8: Bob performs channel measurements on pilot sequence 2 to obtain channel estimation information 2;
[0176] Step 9: Bob selects channel estimate 3 corresponding to pilot symbol 3 and channel estimate 4 corresponding to pilot symbol 4 from channel estimate information 1;
[0177] Step 10: Bob obtains the frequency offset value 2 based on the channel estimate 3, the channel estimate 4, and the time interval 2.
[0178] The aforementioned time interval 2 is determined based on the transmission times of pilot symbol 3 and pilot symbol 4.
[0179] Step 11: Bob determines the quantization method 2 corresponding to the frequency offset value range to which frequency offset value 2 belongs, based on the preset correspondence between each frequency offset value range and each quantization method.
[0180] Step 12: Bob uses quantization method 2 to quantize the channel estimation information 2 to obtain the communication key.
[0181] Based on the same technical concept, this application provides an exemplary key generation device, applied to a first communication node, such as... Figure 8 As shown, the device includes:
[0182] The receiving module 801 is used to receive a pilot sequence sent by the second communication node, wherein the pilot sequence includes multiple pilot symbols;
[0183] The measurement module 802 is used to perform channel measurements on the pilot sequence to obtain channel estimation information; wherein, the channel estimation information includes the channel estimation value corresponding to each pilot symbol;
[0184] The acquisition module 803 is used to obtain the frequency offset value based on the channel estimation value and time interval corresponding to any two pilot symbols; wherein the time interval is determined based on the transmission time of the any two pilot symbols;
[0185] The determination module 804 is used to determine the quantization method corresponding to the frequency offset value range to which the frequency offset value belongs, based on the preset correspondence between each frequency offset value range and each quantization method.
[0186] The quantization module 805 is used to quantize the channel estimation information using the quantization method to obtain the communication key.
[0187] In one possible design, the determining module 804 is used to determine the correspondence between preset frequency offset ranges and quantization methods in the following manner:
[0188] The quantization method corresponding to each frequency offset range is determined by the principle that the smaller the frequency offset value, the larger the quantization order of the quantization method.
[0189] In one possible design, the obtaining module 803 is used for:
[0190] The format of the first channel estimate value in the channel estimate values corresponding to any two pilot symbols is converted to obtain the first phase information of the first channel estimate value.
[0191] The second channel estimate value in the channel estimate values corresponding to any two pilot symbols is converted to obtain the second phase information of the second channel estimate value;
[0192] The frequency offset value is obtained based on the first phase information, the second phase information, and the time interval.
[0193] In one possible design, the obtaining module 803 is used for:
[0194] The first phase information is determined in the following manner. :
[0195] ;
[0196] in, Let be the first channel estimate in complex form, and e be a natural constant.
[0197] In one possible design, the obtaining module 803 is used for:
[0198] The second phase information is determined in the following manner. :
[0199] ;
[0200] in, The second channel estimate is in complex form, and e is a natural constant.
[0201] In one possible design, the obtaining module 803 is used for:
[0202] The frequency offset value is determined in the following manner. :
[0203] ;
[0204] in, This refers to the first phase information. This is the second phase information. The time interval is the specified time interval.
[0205] In one possible design, the quantization module 805 is used for:
[0206] The channel estimation information is quantized using the quantization method described above to obtain a first quantization result;
[0207] Obtain the second quantization result sent by the second communication node;
[0208] The first quantization result and the second quantization result are processed for consistency to obtain the communication key.
[0209] In one possible design, the quantization module 805 is used for:
[0210] The first quantization result and the second quantization result are coordinated using a key negotiation method to obtain the corresponding first initial key and second initial key;
[0211] The first initial key and the second initial key are subjected to key privacy enhancement processing using a hash function, and the processed first initial key or the processed second initial key is used as the communication key.
[0212] Based on the same inventive concept as the above method embodiments, this application also provides an electronic device. This electronic device can be used to perform the actions described in the above method embodiments. In this embodiment, the structure of the electronic device can be as follows: Figure 9 As shown, it includes a memory 901 and one or more processors 902.
[0213] The memory 901 is used to store computer programs executed by the processor 902. The memory 901 may mainly include a program storage area and a data storage area. The program storage area may store the operating system and programs required to run instant messaging functions, etc.; the data storage area may store various instant messaging information and operation instruction sets, etc.
[0214] Memory 901 may be volatile memory, such as random-access memory (RAM); memory 901 may also be non-volatile memory, such as read-only memory, flash memory, hard disk drive (HDD), or solid-state drive (SSD); or memory 901 may be any other medium capable of carrying or storing desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and accessible by a computer, but is not limited thereto. Memory 901 may be a combination of the above-mentioned memories.
[0215] The processor 902 may include one or more central processing units (CPUs) or digital processing units, etc. The processor 902 is used to implement the above-described key generation method when it invokes a computer program stored in the memory 901.
[0216] This application embodiment does not limit the specific connection medium between the memory 901 and the processor 902. As an example, this application embodiment... Figure 9 The memory 901 and the processor 902 are connected via a bus 903, and the bus 903 is in Figure 9 The connections between other components are shown in bold lines only and are not intended to be limiting. The 903 bus can be divided into address bus, data bus, control bus, etc. For ease of illustration, Figure 9 The bus is represented by a single thick line, but this does not mean that there is only one bus or one type of bus.
[0217] Optionally, the processor 902 can be used to perform any one or more of the actions performed by the receiving module, the measuring module, the acquiring module, the determining module, and the quantizing module.
[0218] Based on the same inventive concept, embodiments of this application provide a computer-readable storage medium. The computer program product includes computer program code, which, when executed on a computer, causes the computer to perform any of the key generation methods discussed above. Since the principle by which the computer-readable storage medium solves the problem is similar to that of the key generation method, the implementation of the computer-readable storage medium can be found in the implementation of the method; repeated details will not be elaborated further.
[0219] Based on the same inventive concept, this application also provides a computer program product, which includes computer program code that, when run on a computer, causes the computer to execute any of the key generation methods discussed above. Since the principle by which the above computer program product solves the problem is similar to that of the key generation method, the implementation of the above computer program product can be referred to the implementation of the method, and repeated details will not be elaborated further.
[0220] Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of this application can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, this application can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, this application can take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.
[0221] This application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to this application. It should be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, generate instructions for implementing the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in one or more boxes.
[0222] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means, which are implemented in a process Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.
[0223] These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing equipment to cause a series of user-operated steps to be executed on the computer or other programmable equipment to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable equipment for implementing the process. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps of the function specified in one or more boxes.
[0224] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this application without departing from the spirit and scope of this application. Therefore, if such modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this application and their equivalents, this application also intends to include such modifications and variations.
Claims
1. A key generation method, characterized in that, Applied to the first communication node, including: Receive a pilot sequence sent by a second communication node, wherein the pilot sequence includes multiple pilot symbols; Channel measurements are performed on the pilot sequence to obtain channel estimation information; wherein, the channel estimation information includes the channel estimation value corresponding to each pilot symbol; The frequency offset value is obtained based on the channel estimation value and time interval corresponding to any two pilot symbols; wherein the time interval is determined based on the transmission time of the any two pilot symbols. Based on the preset correspondence between each frequency offset value range and each quantization method, the quantization method corresponding to the frequency offset value range to which the frequency offset value belongs is determined. The larger the frequency offset value, the smaller the quantization order of the quantization method; the smaller the frequency offset value, the larger the quantization order of the quantization method. The channel estimation information is quantized using the quantization method described above to obtain the communication key.
2. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The correspondence between the preset frequency offset ranges and the quantization methods is determined in the following way: The quantization method corresponding to each frequency offset range is determined by the principle that the smaller the frequency offset value, the larger the quantization order of the quantization method.
3. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The step of obtaining the frequency offset value based on the channel estimation value and time interval corresponding to any two pilot symbols includes: The format of the first channel estimate value in the channel estimate values corresponding to any two pilot symbols is converted to obtain the first phase information of the first channel estimate value. The second channel estimate value in the channel estimate values corresponding to any two pilot symbols is converted to obtain the second phase information of the second channel estimate value; The frequency offset value is obtained based on the first phase information, the second phase information, and the time interval.
4. The method as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The step of converting the format of the first channel estimate in the channel estimates corresponding to any two pilot symbols to obtain the first phase information of the first channel estimate includes: The first phase information is determined in the following manner. : ； in, Let be the first channel estimate in complex form, and e be a natural constant.
5. The method as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The step of converting the format of the second channel estimate in the channel estimates corresponding to any two pilot symbols to obtain the second phase information of the second channel estimate includes: The second phase information is determined in the following manner. : ； in, The second channel estimate is in complex form, and e is a natural constant.
6. The method as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The step of obtaining the frequency offset value based on the first phase information, the second phase information, and the time interval includes: The frequency offset value is determined in the following manner. : ； in, This refers to the first phase information. This is the second phase information. The time interval is the specified time interval.
7. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The step of quantizing the channel estimation information using the quantization method to obtain the communication key includes: The channel estimation information is quantized using the quantization method described above to obtain a first quantization result; Obtain the second quantization result sent by the second communication node; The first quantization result and the second quantization result are processed for consistency to obtain the communication key.
8. The method as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The process of performing consistency processing on the first quantization result and the second quantization result to obtain the communication key includes: The first quantization result and the second quantization result are coordinated using a key negotiation method to obtain the corresponding first initial key and second initial key; The first initial key and the second initial key are subjected to key privacy enhancement processing using a hash function, and the processed first initial key or the processed second initial key is used as the communication key.
9. A key generation device, characterized in that, include: A receiving module is used to receive a pilot sequence sent by a second communication node, wherein the pilot sequence includes multiple pilot symbols; The measurement module is used to perform channel measurements on the pilot sequence to obtain channel estimation information; wherein, the channel estimation information includes the channel estimation value corresponding to each pilot symbol; The acquisition module is used to obtain the frequency offset value based on the channel estimation value and time interval corresponding to any two pilot symbols; wherein the time interval is determined based on the transmission time of the any two pilot symbols; The determination module is used to determine the quantization method corresponding to the frequency offset value range to which the frequency offset value belongs, based on the preset correspondence between each frequency offset value range and each quantization method. The larger the frequency offset value, the smaller the quantization order of the quantization method; the smaller the frequency offset value, the larger the quantization order of the quantization method. The quantization module is used to quantize the channel estimation information using the quantization method to obtain the communication key.
10. An electronic device, characterized in that, It includes a processor and a memory, wherein the memory stores program code that, when executed by the processor, causes the processor to perform the steps of any of the methods described in claims 1 to 8.