An additive for aquatic animals and fish feed

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of feeds, and specifically discloses an additive for aquatic animals and a fish feed. An additive for aquatic animals comprises components in the following parts by mass: 10-30 parts of Cyathula officinalis Kuan extract, 10-30 parts of Kochia scoparia extract, 10-30 parts of Paederia scandens extract, 10-30 parts of Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz. extract, 0.1-0.5 part of trace elements, and 0.1-0.5 part of antioxidant. A fish feed comprises the additive for aquatic animals prepared by this application. This application has the effects of well protecting the livers of aquatic animals, enhancing the immune capacity of aquatic animals, reducing the formation risk of fatty liver in aquatic animals, and ensuring good growth states and good nutritional qualities of aquatic animals.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of feeds, and particularly relates to an additive for aquatic animals and a fish feed. Background Art

[0002] With the improvement of living standards, fish has become an important source of high-quality protein on the dining table, and the fish farming industry has also developed vigorously with the continuous expansion of market demand. The industrialized farming of fish has the advantages of efficient, environmentally friendly, and controllable production. However, there are problems such as high stocking density and overfeeding of feed in the current industrialized fish farming, which lead to a certain degree of pollution in the aquaculture water body. After the pollutants are absorbed by the fish, they are generally detoxified by the liver. During this process, when the detoxification speed of the liver is lower than the intake speed of the pollutants, the pollutants will accumulate in the liver, and there is a risk that the liver may be damaged, resulting in liver lesions. The liver lesions will further affect the growth and health of the fish, affect the quality of the fish, and even lead to the death of the fish.

[0003] Glutathione S-transferase (GSTS) is widely present in various tissues of fish, and the concentration of GSTS in the fish liver is the highest. The detoxification function of GSTS has been widely recognized. Existing studies have shown that GSTS has the dual functions of metabolic enzyme and antioxidant enzyme, plays a key role in the detoxification process of organisms, and has a good scavenging effect on compounds such as pesticides, herbicides, drugs, antibiotics and their metabolites. Therefore, increasing the activity of GSTS in the fish liver can effectively improve the detoxification ability of the fish liver, avoid damage to the fish liver, and avoid damage to the health of the fish. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to increase the activity of GSTs in the fish liver, the present application provides an additive for aquatic animals and a fish feed. The present application found in the research that feeding a mixture of extracts of Cyathula officinalis, Kochia scoparia, Paederia scandens, and Dictamnus dasycarpus to aquatic animals has an unexpected effect of increasing the activity of GSTs in the liver of aquatic animals. The increase in the activity of GSTs in the liver of aquatic animals can not only further enhance the detoxification ability of the liver, but also further prevent lipid peroxidation damage, achieving the effects of protecting the liver of aquatic animals, enhancing the immune ability of aquatic animals, reducing the risk of the formation of fatty liver in aquatic animals, and ensuring good growth status and good nutritional quality of aquatic animals.

[0005] In the first aspect, an additive for aquatic animals provided by the present application adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] An additive for aquatic animals, the additive comprising the following components in parts by mass:

[0007] Cyathula officinalis Kuan extract: 10 - 30 parts;

[0008] Fructus Kochiae Scopariae extract: 10 - 30 parts;

[0009] Paederia scandens (Lour.) Merr. extract: 10 - 30 parts;

[0010] Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz. extract: 10 - 30 parts:

[0011] Trace elements: 0.1 - 0.5 parts;

[0012] Antioxidant: 0.1 - 0.5 parts.

[0013] In the above technical solution, by feeding Cyathula officinalis Kuan extract, Fructus Kochiae Scopariae extract, Paederia scandens (Lour.) Merr. extract, and Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz. extract to aquatic animals, especially fish, it has the unexpected effect of improving the activity of GSTs, thereby enhancing the liver's detoxification ability, avoiding the accumulation of external harmful toxins in the liver and causing damage to the liver. Moreover, GSTs also possess the activity of glutathione peroxidase, which can prevent lipid peroxidation, further avoiding a large increase in lipid peroxides in the liver and damaging liver cells, thus leading to fatty liver. Therefore, Fructus Kochiae Scopariae extract, Paederia scandens (Lour.) Merr. extract, and Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz. extract have a good effect on improving the activity of GSTs in the liver of aquatic animals, protecting the liver of aquatic animals well, thereby ensuring a good growth state of aquatic animals and obtaining aquatic animals with good nutritional quality.

[0014] Preferably, the additive comprises the following components in parts by mass:

[0015] Cyathula officinalis Kuan extract: 20 - 30 parts;

[0016] Fructus Kochiae Scopariae extract: 20 - 30 parts;

[0017] Paederia scandens (Lour.) Merr. extract: 10 - 15 parts;

[0018] Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz. extract: 10 - 15 parts:

[0019] Trace elements: 0.1 - 0.5 parts;

[0020] Antioxidant: 0.1 - 0.5 parts.

[0021] In the above technical solution, by further limiting the dosages of Cyathula officinalis Kuan extract, Fructus Kochiae Scopariae extract, Paederia scandens (Lour.) Merr. extract, and Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz. extract, it ensures a better effect of improving the activity of GSTs in the liver of aquatic animals, better protects the liver of aquatic animals, thereby ensuring a better growth state of aquatic animals and obtaining aquatic animals with excellent nutritional quality.

[0022] Preferably, the Cyathula officinalis extract is an ethanol extract of Cyathula officinalis, the Kochia scoparia extract is an ethanol extract of Kochia scoparia, the Paederia scandens extract is an ethanol extract of Paederia scandens, and the Dictamnus dasycarpus extract is an ethanol extract of Dictamnus dasycarpus.

[0023] In the above technical solution, by defining that the Cyathula officinalis extract is an ethanol extract of Cyathula officinalis, the Kochia scoparia extract is an ethanol extract of Kochia scoparia, the Paederia scandens extract is an ethanol extract of Paederia scandens, and the Dictamnus dasycarpus extract is an ethanol extract of Dictamnus dasycarpus, through the good synergistic effect of the four alcohol extracts of Cyathula officinalis extract, Kochia scoparia extract, Paederia scandens extract, and Dictamnus dasycarpus extract, the effectiveness of the Cyathula officinalis extract, Kochia scoparia extract, Paederia scandens extract, and Dictamnus dasycarpus extract in increasing the activity of GSTs in the liver of aquatic animals is ensured.

[0024] Preferably, the trace elements include but are not limited to iron, copper gluconate, zinc, manganese gluconate, iodine, selenium methionine, and cobalt.

[0025] In the above technical solution, by further adding trace elements such as iron, copper gluconate, zinc, manganese gluconate, iodine, selenium methionine, and cobalt to the feed additive, the nutritional balance of aquatic animals, especially fish, is ensured, the immune ability of aquatic animals is further enhanced, and the nutritional quality of aquatic animals is further improved.

[0026] Preferably, the trace elements include copper gluconate, manganese gluconate, and selenium methionine, and the mass ratio of copper gluconate, manganese gluconate, and selenium methionine is 20:(7 - 10):(0.03 - 0.05).

[0027] In the above technical solution, by further adding specific amounts of copper gluconate, manganese gluconate, and selenium methionine to the feed additive, it can cooperate with the Cyathula officinalis extract, Kochia scoparia extract, Paederia scandens extract, and Dictamnus dasycarpus extract to further increase the content of glutathione (GSH) in the liver. And GSTs need to rely on GSH to play the roles of detoxification and antioxidant. The increase in the content of GSH can further promote GSTs to exert good detoxification ability and the ability to prevent lipid peroxidation damage, further enhance the immune ability of aquatic animals, and further improve the nutritional quality of aquatic animals.

[0028] Preferably, the antioxidant includes one or more of L-ascorbic acid, butylated hydroxytoluene, butylated hydroxyanisole, tocopherol, and ethoxyquinoline.

[0029] In the above technical solution, by adding an antioxidant to the feed additive, the deterioration of the feed additive can be avoided, and the feed additive can maintain the good effect of enhancing the immune ability of aquatic animals and improving the nutritional quality of aquatic animals.

[0030] In a second aspect, the present application provides a fish feed, which adopts the following technical solution:

[0031] A fish feed, comprising the additive for aquatic animals described in the first aspect.

[0032] Preferably, the fish feed comprises the following components in mass percentages:

[0033] Sprayed corn bran: 15% - 20%;

[0034] Wheat flour: 10% - 15%;

[0035] Rapeseed meal: 15% - 40%;

[0036] Soybean meal: 15% - 40%;

[0037] Soybean oil: 1% - 2%;

[0038] Additive for aquatic animals: 1% - 10%;

[0039] Monocalcium phosphate: 1% - 3%;

[0040] Compound vitamin: 1% - 3%.

[0041] In the above technical solution, by adding the additive for aquatic animals described in the first aspect of the present application to the fish feed, it is ensured that fish still have good immune capabilities under the conditions of high stocking density and water pollution, protecting the fish's liver, reducing the risk of fatty liver formation in fish, accelerating the growth rate of fish, improving the nutritional quality of fish, and ensuring good aquaculture efficiency.

[0042] In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

[0043] 1. By feeding Achyranthes bidentata extract, Kochia scoparia extract, Paederia scandens extract, and Dictamnus dasycarpus extract to aquatic animals, especially fish, the present application has the unexpected effect of increasing the activity of GSTs, thereby improving the liver's detoxification ability, avoiding the accumulation of external harmful toxins in the liver and causing damage to the liver. Moreover, GSTs also have the activity of glutathione peroxidase, which can prevent lipid peroxidation, further avoiding a large increase in lipid peroxides in the liver and damaging liver cells, which may lead to fatty liver. Therefore, Kochia scoparia extract, Paederia scandens extract, and Dictamnus dasycarpus extract have a good effect on increasing the activity of GSTs in the liver of aquatic animals, protecting the liver of aquatic animals well, thus ensuring a good growth state of aquatic animals and obtaining aquatic animals with good nutritional quality.

[0044] 2. In this application, copper gluconate, manganese gluconate and methionine selenium are added to the feed additive. When the mass ratio of copper gluconate, manganese gluconate and methionine selenium is 20:(7-10):(0.03-0.05), it can cooperate with the extracts of Cyathula officinalis Kuan, Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad., Paederia scandens (Lour.) Merr. and Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz., further increasing the content of glutathione (GSH) in the liver. And GSTs need to rely on GSH to play the roles of detoxification and antioxidant. The increase in the content of GSH can further promote GSTs to exert good detoxification ability and the ability to prevent lipid peroxidation damage, further enhancing the immune ability of aquatic animals and further improving the nutritional quality of aquatic animals. Detailed implementation manners

[0045] To better illustrate the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention, the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0046] Example 1

[0047] An additive for aquatic animals includes 10 kg of the extract of Cyathula officinalis Kuan, 10 kg of the extract of Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad., 30 kg of the extract of Paederia scandens (Lour.) Merr., 30 kg of the extract of Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz., 0.1 kg of trace elements and 0.1 kg of antioxidant.

[0048] Among them, the extract of Cyathula officinalis Kuan is an ethanol extract, which is extracted with an ethanol solution with a mass percentage concentration of 70% and is purchased from Shaanxi Yihao Chuan Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0049] Among them, the extract of Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad. is an ethanol extract, which is extracted with an ethanol solution with a mass percentage concentration of 70% and is purchased from Shaanxi Yihao Chuan Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0050] Among them, the extract of Paederia scandens (Lour.) Merr. is an ethanol extract, which is extracted with an ethanol solution with a mass percentage concentration of 70% and is purchased from Baoji Liupan Yun Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0051] Among them, the extract of Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz. is an ethanol extract, which is extracted with an ethanol solution with a mass percentage concentration of 70% and is purchased from Fufeng Sinuote Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0052] Among them, the trace elements are copper gluconate, CAS No.: 527-09-3.

[0053] Among them, the antioxidant is L-ascorbic acid, CAS No.: 50-81-7.

[0054] Among them, the preparation method of the additive for aquatic animals is as follows: Mix each component and stir for 5 minutes under the condition of 120 r / min to obtain the additive for aquatic animals.

[0055] Example 2

[0056] An additive for aquatic animals, different from Example 1, includes 30 kg of Cyathulae Radix extracts, 30 kg of Kochiae Fructus extracts, 15 kg of Paederiae Herba extracts, 15 kg of Dictamni Cortex extracts, 0.5 kg of trace elements, and 0.5 kg of antioxidants.

[0057] Example 3

[0058] An additive for aquatic animals, different from Example 1, includes 20 kg of Cyathulae Radix extracts, 20 kg of Kochiae Fructus extracts, 10 kg of Paederiae Herba extracts, 10 kg of Dictamni Cortex extracts, 0.3 kg of trace elements, and 0.2 kg of antioxidants.

[0059] Example 4

[0060] An additive for aquatic animals, different from Example 3, the trace elements are compounded by cupric gluconate, manganese gluconate, and selenomethionine in a mass ratio of 20:7:0.03.

[0061] Among them, the CAS number of manganese gluconate: 6485-39-8.

[0062] Among them, the CAS number of selenomethionine: 2578-28-1.

[0063] Example 5

[0064] An additive for aquatic animals, different from Example 4, the trace elements are compounded by cupric gluconate, manganese gluconate, and selenomethionine in a mass ratio of 20:10:0.05.

[0065] Example 6

[0066] An additive for aquatic animals, different from Example 5, the trace elements are compounded by cupric gluconate, manganese gluconate, and selenomethionine in a mass ratio of 20:5:0.05.

[0067] Example 7

[0068] An additive for aquatic animals, different from Example 5, the trace elements are compounded by cupric gluconate, manganese gluconate, and selenomethionine in a mass ratio of 20:15:0.05.

[0069] Example 8

[0070] An additive for aquatic animals, different from Example 5, the trace elements are compounded by cupric gluconate, manganese gluconate, and selenomethionine in a mass ratio of 20:10:0.01.

[0071] Example 9

[0072] An additive for aquatic animals, different from Example 5, wherein the trace elements are compounded from copper gluconate, manganese gluconate, and methionine selenium in a mass ratio of 20:10:0.08.

[0073] Comparative Example 1

[0074] An additive for aquatic animals, different from Example 3, does not contain Cyathula officinalis extract.

[0075] Comparative Example 2

[0076] An additive for aquatic animals, different from Example 3, does not contain Kochia scoparia extract.

[0077] Comparative Example 3

[0078] An additive for aquatic animals, different from Example 3, does not contain Paederia scandens extract.

[0079] Comparative Example 4

[0080] An additive for aquatic animals, different from Example 3, does not contain Dictamnus dasycarpus extract.

[0081] Application Example 1

[0082] A fish feed, comprising 20 kg of extruded corn bran, 15 kg of wheat flour, 15 kg of rapeseed meal, 40 kg of soybean meal, 1 kg of soybean oil, 5 kg of an additive for aquatic animals, 1 kg of monocalcium phosphate, and 3 kg of compound vitamins.

[0083] Among them, the additive for aquatic animals is from Example 1.

[0084] Among them, the compound vitamins are purchased from Hebei Kelongduo Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0085] Among them, the preparation method of the fish feed includes accurately weighing the named component raw materials, mixing them evenly, and obtaining the fish feed.

[0086] Application Example 2

[0087] A fish feed, different from Application Example 1, comprising 17 kg of extruded corn bran, 10 kg of wheat flour, 40 kg of rapeseed meal, 15 kg of soybean meal, 2 kg of soybean oil, 10 kg of an additive for aquatic animals, 3 kg of monocalcium phosphate, and 3 kg of compound vitamins.

[0088] Application Example 3

[0089] A fish feed, different from Application Example 1, wherein the additive for aquatic animals is from Example 2.

[0090] Application Example 4

[0091] A fish feed, different from Application Example 1, the additive for aquatic animals is from Example 3.

[0092] Application Example 5

[0093] A fish feed, different from Application Example 1, the additive for aquatic animals is from Example 4.

[0094] Application Example 6

[0095] A fish feed, different from Application Example 1, the additive for aquatic animals is from Example 5.

[0096] Application Example 7

[0097] A fish feed, different from Application Example 1, the additive for aquatic animals is from Example 6.

[0098] Application Example 8

[0099] A fish feed, different from Application Example 1, the additive for aquatic animals is from Example 7.

[0100] Application Example 9

[0101] A fish feed, different from Application Example 1, the additive for aquatic animals is from Example 8.

[0102] Application Example 10

[0103] A fish feed, different from Application Example 1, the additive for aquatic animals is from Example 9.

[0104] Comparative Application Example 1

[0105] A fish feed, different from Application Example 1, the additive for aquatic animals is from Comparative Example 1.

[0106] Comparative Application Example 2

[0107] A fish feed, different from Application Example 1, the additive for aquatic animals is from Comparative Example 2.

[0108] Comparative Application Example 3

[0109] A fish feed, different from Application Example 1, the additive for aquatic animals is from Comparative Example 3.

[0110] Comparative Application Example 4

[0111] A fish feed, different from Application Example 1, the additive for aquatic animals is from Comparative Example 4.

[0112] Comparative Application Example 5

[0113] A fish feed, different from Application Example 1, is that the additive for aquatic animals is replaced with fish meal in equal amounts.

[0114] Verification test

[0115] Select 900 healthy grass carps with an initial weight range of 320 g to 321 g, randomly divide them into 15 test groups with 60 fish in each group, and feed them with the fish feeds of the above application examples and comparative application examples respectively to conduct a 56-day growth test.

[0116] This test is uniformly carried out in the same breeding base. The purchased healthy grass carps are first subjected to a 30-day adaptive breeding. During the adaptive breeding period, only the basic feed without additives is provided. After 30 days, select healthy grass carps with an initial weight range of 320 g to 321 g, feed them to satiety 4 times a day, with each feeding time being 30 minutes. After feeding, recover the remaining feed. At the same time, change the water once a week and conduct routine disinfection once every 30 days. During the test period, the water temperature is maintained at 26°C ± 2°C, the pH value is maintained at 7.0 ± 0.5, and the dissolved oxygen content is not less than 6.0 mg / L.

[0117] Test 1

[0118] (1) After 56 days, weigh the test grass carps and calculate the following indicators:

[0119] Weight gain rate (%) = [(final weight - initial weight) / initial weight] * 100%;

[0120] (2) Select 30 healthy grass carps from each group and continue with the bacterial challenge test. Inject 2.4*10 7 CFU / mL of Aeromonas hydrophila bacterial liquid into the abdomen of the healthy grass carps with a clean syringe, and then continue to raise them without feeding. After 3 days, calculate the following indicators:

[0121] Survival rate (%) = (final number / initial number) * 100%;

[0122] The test results are shown in Table 1.

[0123] Test 2

[0124] On the 56th day, 30 test fish in each group that had not undergone the bacterial challenge test were killed, and an appropriate amount of liver was taken and homogenized with 0.86 wt% enzyme-free cold saline to form a 1.0% homogenate. After centrifugation at 2500 r / min at 4°C for 10 min, the supernatant was collected and divided into 2 mL centrifuge tubes. The activity of GST was then determined according to the instruction manual of the glutathione S-transferase ELISA kit of Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute, and the content of GSH was determined according to the instruction manual of the glutathione ELISA kit of Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute. The test results are shown in Table 1.

[0125] Table 1:

[0126]

[0127] The above test results show that Application Examples 1-10 have good effects in promoting the growth of grass carp, improving the immunity of grass carp and thus improving the survival rate of grass carp.

[0128] Combined with Application Example 4 and Comparative Application Examples 1-5, it can be seen that in Application Example 4, by feeding grass carp with Cyathula root extract, Kochia scoparia extract, Cistanche deserticola extract, and Dictamnus cordata extract, the activity of GSTs of the grass carp in Application Example 4 is significantly improved, and the increase in the activity of GSTs means the improvement of the liver's detoxification ability, which can effectively avoid the accumulation of harmful toxins from the outside in the liver and cause damage to the liver, and can also prevent the damage to the liver caused by lipid peroxidation. Therefore, the grass carp in Application Example 4 shows good growth status and immune ability. It can be seen that the combination of Cyathula root extract, Kochia scoparia extract, Cistanche deserticola extract, and Dictamnus cordata extract can increase the activity of GSTs in the liver of grass carp, and has good protection for the liver of grass carp, thereby ensuring a good growth state of grass carp and obtaining grass carp with good nutritional quality.

[0129] Combining Application Example 4 and Application Examples 5-10, it can be seen that the GSH content in the liver of the grass carp of Application Example 5-6 is higher than that of Application Example 4 and Application Examples 7-10, and GSTs need to rely on GSH to exert their detoxification and antioxidant effects. Therefore, the grass carp of Application Examples 5-6 externally exhibits better growth status and immune ability. It can be seen that by adding copper gluconate, manganese gluconate, and selenium methionine in a mass ratio of 20: (7-10): (0.03-0.05) to the additives for aquatic animals, it can be combined with Sichuan Cyathula extract, Kochia scoparia extract, Cistanche deserticola extract, and Dictamnus cordata extract to further increase the glutathione (GSH) content in the liver of grass carp, further promote GSTs to exert good detoxification ability and prevent lipid peroxidation damage, further enhance the immune ability of grass carp, and further improve the nutritional quality of grass carp.

[0130] This specific embodiment is only an interpretation of the present application and does not limit the present application. After reading this specification, those skilled in the art can make modifications to this embodiment that do not contribute creatively as needed, but as long as it is within the scope of the claims of the present application, it is protected by the patent law.

Claims

1. An additive for aquatic animals, characterized in that: The additive comprises the following components in parts by mass: Cyathula root extract: 10-30 parts; Kochia scoparia fruit extract: 10-30 parts; Millettia repens extract: 10-30 parts; Dictamnus cortex extract: 10-30 parts: Trace elements: 0.1~0.5 parts; Antioxidant: 0.1~0.5 parts; The Cyathulae Radix extract is an ethanol extract of Cyathulae Radix, the Kochia scoparia extract is an ethanol extract of Kochia scoparia, the Caulis Aconiti Lateralis Preparata extract is an ethanol extract of Caulis Aconiti Lateralis Preparata, and the Dictamnus Cortex Extract is an ethanol extract of Dictamnus Cortex; The trace elements include copper gluconate, manganese gluconate and methionine selenium, and the mass ratio of the copper gluconate, manganese gluconate and methionine selenium is 20: (7-10): (0.03-0.05).

2. The additive for aquatic animals according to claim 1, characterized in that: The additive comprises the following components in parts by mass: Cyathula root extract: 20-30 parts; Kochia scoparia fruit extract: 20-30 parts; Millettia repens extract: 10-15 parts; Dictamnus cortex extract: 10-15 parts: Trace elements: 0.1~0.5 parts; Antioxidant: 0.1~0.5 parts.

3. The additive for aquatic animals according to claim 1, characterized in that: The antioxidant includes one or more of L-ascorbic acid, butylated hydroxytoluene, butylated hydroxymethoxyphenyl, tocopherol and ethoxyquinoline.

4. A fish feed, characterized in that: The invention comprises the additive for aquatic animals according to any one of claims 1 to 3.

5. The fish feed according to claim 4, characterized in that The fish feed comprises the following components in percentage by mass: Sprayed corn husk: 15%~20%; Wheat flour: 10%~15%; Rapeseed meal: 15%~40%; Soybean meal: 15%~40%; Soybean oil: 1%~2%; Additives for aquatic animals: 1%~10%; Calcium dihydrogen phosphate: 1%~3%; Multivitamins: 1%~3%.

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