Welded structure and method of a cylindrical composite material having complex hollow channels on the surface

Abstract

The present application relates to the welding structure and method of cylindrical composite material with complex hollow channel on surface, and belongs to the field of welding technology, which solves the technical problem that the existing explosive welding method cannot produce high-quality cylindrical components. The welding structure of cylindrical composite material with complex hollow channel on surface is arranged in equal height and coaxially, the central component is cylindrical matrix (1), and the components sequentially and concentrically expanded outward from the cylindrical matrix (1) are: round pipe-shaped cover plate (3), round barrel-shaped support cover plate (4), explosive composition (6), support container (8), and welding site foundation (9); the cylindrical matrix (1) has complex hollow channel (11) sealed by sealing plate (2) on the outer surface, and the hollow channel (11) encapsulates compression-resistant material (7); the gasket mechanism (5) is arranged between the inner surface of the round pipe-shaped cover plate (3) and the outer surface of the cylindrical matrix (1). The requirements of producing high-quality cylindrical components are achieved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the field of welding technology, and relates to explosive welding, in particular, a welding structure and method of a cylindrical composite material with a complex hollow channel on the surface. BACKGROUND

[0002] Many cast gas turbine components, high-temperature heat dissipation components, and plasma-facing protection components are composed of high-temperature materials with complex hollow channels, because these materials can withstand extremely hot and corrosive environments better than most other materials, and the internal hollow channels can provide flow channels for active cooling of the cooling liquid. In order to achieve high heat dissipation efficiency, the hollow channel components have complex mechanical geometries, or have composite layers on the surface that can withstand high temperatures, so they are difficult to manufacture by simply mechanical processing. In addition, due to mechanical fit, use conditions, and cost considerations, such complex hollow channel components are sometimes in the shape of a cylinder, with complex hollow channels inside the cylinder near the outer surface, and are often composed of two or more dissimilar metal materials, and the cover plate on the side facing the harsh environment can withstand extremely hot and corrosive environments better than other materials of the component. Welding processes are often used for the combination of such dissimilar metal pipes, and when laser or electron beam welding is used for dissimilar metals, residual stress and brittle intermetallic compounds are more serious, and if the cover plate on the side facing the harsh environment produces a high-temperature molten weld, the mechanical properties of the component after welding cannot meet the requirements, or the service life is affected. Furthermore, current hollow channel components are damaged due to continuous exposure to high-temperature environments and need to be replaced or repaired. However, these hollow components are not easy to weld and repair by processes that cause the base layer to melt, such as argon arc welding processes and brazing processes, because solidification and reheat cracking are often caused by such heat-dependent welding processes.

[0003] As can be seen from the above, laser, electron beam welding, or argon arc welding and brazing processes are not suitable for the manufacture and repair of components with complex hollow channels of two or more metal materials, and solid-state welding is usually used. In solid-state welding, the base layer does not undergo large-scale melting, so that the side facing the harsh environment of high heat flow and corrosion will not produce a high-temperature molten weld. The explosive welding process is a solid-state welding process, which produces a weld by high-speed impact of a large area of explosive, without significantly increasing the temperature of any workpiece, and does not have the disadvantages of heat-dependent fusion welding processes, so explosive welding is often used to manufacture combinations of two or more dissimilar metals.

[0004] In the explosive welding combination or the repair of the composite metal element with the hollow channel inside, it is usually required to fill the compression-resistant material, such as water, industrial oil, ceramic material, high-hardness organic material, low-melting-point metal or sand, into the open hollow channel of the base layer for supporting the base layer and preventing the welding surface of the base layer from being deformed in the explosive impact welding process, but the filling material will inevitably enter the weld and contaminate the interface in the explosive welding, thereby reducing the bonding strength. In addition, the process controllability of the explosive welding is poor, and the high-speed impact will also cause welding cracking, and the process design of the explosive welding of the cylindrical member with a complex hollow channel is different from that of the explosive welding of the flat plate, so how to manufacture the cylindrical member with a complex hollow channel of the composite material with high quality has become a technical problem to be solved. SUMMARY

[0005] In view of the above analysis, the present application provides a welding structure and method of a cylindrical composite material with a complex hollow channel, to solve the technical problem of producing a cylindrical composite material member with a complex hollow channel on the surface with high quality.

[0006] The purpose of the present application is mainly realized by the following technical solutions:

[0007] The present application provides a welding structure of a cylindrical composite material with a complex hollow channel, which is arranged in the same height and coaxially, and the center part is a cylindrical base 1, and the parts sequentially and outwardly expanded from the cylindrical base 1 are a circular tubular cover plate 3, a barrel-shaped support cover plate 4, an explosive composition 6, a support container 8, and a welding site foundation 9.

[0008] The cylindrical base 1 has a complex hollow channel 11 sealed by a sealing plate 2 on the outer surface, and the hollow channel 11 encapsulates a compression-resistant material 7; and the gasket mechanism 5 is uniformly arranged between the inner surface of the upper end of the circular tubular cover plate 3 and the outer surface of the upper end of the cylindrical base 1.

[0009] Further, the cylindrical base 1 is a single metal material or a composite metal material composed of two or more metals.

[0010] Further, the hollow channel groove part of the cylindrical base 1 and the sealing plate 2 are the same metal material.

[0011] Further, the circular tubular cover plate 3 is a single metal or an alloy composed of two or more metals.

[0012] The present application also provides a welding method of a cylindrical composite material with a complex hollow channel, which comprises the following steps:

[0013] Step 1, sealing the hollow channel groove on the outer surface of the cylindrical base 1 with the hollow channel groove sealing plate 2 by fusion welding process of laser or electron beam welding, welding in butt joint type to form a complex hollow channel 11 with circumferential metallurgical seal, the combination of the cylindrical base 1 and the sealing plate 2 forms a base layer 12;

[0014] Step 2, processing the welding surface of the base layer 12 into an oxide-free layer smooth surface with roughness less than 3 microns;

[0015] Step 3, filling the hollow channel 11 with the base 1 of the compression-resistant material 7, placing the end surface of the cylinder upward on the welding site foundation 9;

[0016] Step 4, sleeving the cylindrical base 1 with the circular tubular cover plate 3, the inner surface of the circular tubular cover plate 3 and the base layer 12 are opposite welding surfaces, gluing the barrel-shaped support cover plate 4 on the outer surface of the circular tubular cover plate 3, evenly arranging the gasket mechanism 5 between the inner surface of the upper end of the circular tubular cover plate 3 and the outer surface of the upper end of the cylindrical base 1, the gasket mechanism 5 is used to support the cover plate 3 so that there is no obstacle between the cover plate 3 and the base layer 12, and they maintain a substantially uniform spacing distance;

[0017] Step 5, arranging the explosive composition 6 on the outer surface of the support cover plate 4;

[0018] Step 6, controlling detonation by the detonation system 10 connected to the explosive composition 6 to realize explosive welding of the base layer 12 and the cover plate 3;

[0019] Step 7, after welding, discharging or removing the compression-resistant material 7 in the hollow channel 11, and processing the material so that the outer contour of the material after explosive welding conforms to the required contour.

[0020] Further, in step 1, the thickness of the sealing plate 2 is 0.5-8mm.

[0021] Further, in step 4, the spacing distance between the cover plate 3 and the base layer 12 is 0.3-5 times the wall thickness of the circular tubular cover plate 3.

[0022] Further, in step 4, the gasket mechanism 5 uses one or more, at least two.

[0023] Further, in step 6, the dynamic parameters of explosive welding are determined according to the principle of functional conservation, and the functional conservation formula is: , in which the left side of the equal sign is the work done by the explosive composition 6 on the cover plate 3, P C-JP is the pressure on the detonation wave front C-J of the explosive composition 6, unit: pascal; k0 is the pressure adjustment coefficient, taking the value of 0.6~0.7; S is the outer surface area of the circular tube-shaped cladding plate 3, unit: square meter; A is the spacing between the base layer 12 and the cladding plate 3, unit: meter; θ is the collision angle, unit: degree; the first term on the right side of the equation is the kinetic energy of the cladding plate 3, M is the mass of the cladding plate 3, unit: kilogram; V p V is the impact speed of the cladding plate, unit: meter per second; the second term on the right side of the equation is the deformation work of the circular tube-shaped cladding plate 3 overcoming the circumferential resistance, wherein Y0 is the dynamic yield strength, unit: pascal; ε(R) is the circumferential strain function, dimensionless; N is the length of the circular tube-shaped cladding plate 3, unit: meter; R1 is the outer radius of the circular tube-shaped cladding plate 3 after deformation, unit: meter; R2 is the inner radius of the circular tube-shaped cladding plate 3 after deformation, unit: meter.

[0024] Further, in step 5, the explosive thickness is calculated according to the principle of conservation of momentum, and the formula of conservation of momentum is ГζSρ0V d =MV p +I, wherein Г is the ratio of the momentum of the explosive composition 6 acting on the direction of the cladding plate 3 to the total momentum of the explosive composition 6, dimensionless; ζ is the explosive thickness, unit: meter; S is the outer surface area of the circular tube-shaped cladding plate 3, unit: square meter; ρ0 is the density of the explosive composition 6, unit: kilogram per cubic meter; V d is the detonation velocity of the explosive composition 6, unit: meter per second; M is the mass of the cladding plate 3, unit: kilogram; V p is the impact speed of the cladding plate, unit: meter per second; I is the deformation impulse of the circular tube-shaped cladding plate 3, , unit: kilogram·meter per second.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the present application can at least achieve one of the following technical effects:

[0026] (1) The present application optimizes the cooperation of laser or electron beam welding and explosive welding multi-process, reduces the size and shape restrictions of each component constituting the hollow channel, and increases the process applicability in the case of large differences in material properties and configuration. The manufacturing restrictions when using a single welding are reduced, such as laser welding which is difficult to weld copper steel composite metal, and explosive welding which has poor welding effect on structures with complex deep grooves.

[0027] (2) The present application improves the surface quality of the to-be-welded surface of the explosive welding before welding through the pre-process of laser or electron beam welding, reduces the lower limit of the welding window, so that the welding window can be more finely controlled, which is conducive to the generation of high-quality welds.

[0028] (3) After the laser or electron beam welding process is used in cooperation with the explosive solid-state welding process, the welding controllability and parameter stability of the explosive welding process in the complex hollow channel are improved.

[0029] (4) The present application forms complex hollow channels of isolation filling material by laser or electron beam welding, avoids the pollution of interface by filling material entering the weld; at the same time, the explosion solid-state welding high-strength combination strengthens the low-strength weld produced by the welding process, so that the part of the material facing the severe working condition is the dense forged material.

[0030] (5) The present application provides a method for determining the cladding impact speed according to the functional conservation and calculating the explosive thickness according to the momentum conservation, thereby determining the explosion welding process parameters, which opens up a new idea for determining the explosion welding process parameters.

[0031] (6) The present application aims at the characteristics of round tube explosion welding, and takes the circumferential deformation work and deformation impulse of the round tube as an important item for determining the cladding impact speed and explosive thickness, so that the explosion welding process parameters are more in line with the actual situation and more accurate.

[0032] Other features and advantages of the present application will be set forth in the following description, and in part will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the description, or can be learned by practice of the present application. The objects and other advantages of the present application can be achieved and obtained by the structure specifically pointed out in the written description and the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0033] The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the application and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the application. In the drawings:

[0034] Figure 1 The assembly cross-sectional view of the cylindrical component with complex hollow channels on the surface prepared by composite material explosion welding;

[0035] Figure 2 The assembly longitudinal section view of the cylindrical component with complex hollow channels on the surface prepared by composite material explosion welding;

[0036] In the figure, 1 is the base, 2 is the sealing plate, 3 is the cladding, 4 is the supporting cover plate, 5 is the gasket mechanism, 6 is the explosive composition, 7 is the compression-resistant material, 8 is the supporting container, 9 is the welding site foundation, 10 is the detonation system, 11 is the hollow channel, and 12 is the base layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The welding structure and method of the cylindrical composite material with complex hollow channels on the surface are further described in detail in combination with specific embodiments, and these embodiments are only used for comparison and explanation purposes, and the present application is not limited to these embodiments.

[0038] The hollow channel component has a complex mechanical geometry or a composite layer with high temperature resistant surface, and is difficult to be prepared by simple mechanical processing. Generally, a cover plate is welded after a hollow channel groove is opened on the surface of the metal base layer to form a circumferentially closed hollow channel.

[0039] Explosive welding, also known as explosive cladding, is a process of metallurgical bonding of at least one cover plate to at least one base layer, especially when the materials of the cover plate and the base layer are different. Generally, when two components are welded by explosive welding, the cover plate accelerated by explosion is used to impact the base layer for welding. Explosive welding has been considered to be able to apply a heat-resistant cladding plate to a rib structure with weaker heat resistance to form a hollow channel component. However, the disadvantage of using explosive welding for thin-walled components is that the high pressure generated by high-speed impact not only can cause deformation of the thin-walled part of the component, but also can produce uncontrollable welding cracks, and finally the welded place can be broken open. Especially for the explosive welding of round pipes, the round pipes are shrunk or expanded in the circumferential direction under high strain rate in the explosion, and the thin-walled pipes or brittle metals are easy to cause deformation and rupture of the round pipes, resulting in welding failure. In addition, even if a filler is used to support the hollow during the welding process, the grooves existing on the surface of the base layer and the filler can be moved into the interface of the explosive welding by the explosive impact, so that the quality of the weld is poor, and some cover plates are covered on the filler, but harmful rarefaction waves can be generated at the edges of the cover plates, which can also cause cracks and lead to cracking.

[0040] In order to solve the technical problem that the existing explosive welding method cannot produce high-quality complex hollow channel cylindrical components, the present application provides a welding structure and method of a cylindrical composite material with a complex hollow channel on the surface.

[0041] Figure 1 The assembly cross-sectional view of the cylindrical component with a complex hollow channel on the surface prepared by explosive welding of the composite material, Figure 2 The assembly longitudinal sectional view of the cylindrical component with a complex hollow channel on the surface prepared by explosive welding of the composite material. The welding structure of the cylindrical composite material with a complex hollow channel on the surface of the present application is arranged in the same height and coaxially. The central component is a cylindrical base 1. The components sequentially and concentrically expanded outward from the cylindrical base 1 are a round pipe-shaped cover plate 3, a round barrel-shaped support cover plate 4, an explosive composition 6, a support container 8, and a welding site foundation 9.

[0042] Specifically, the cylindrical base 1 has a complex hollow channel 11 sealed by a sealing plate 2 on the outer surface, and a compression-resistant material 7 is encapsulated in the hollow channel 11. The gasket mechanism 5 is uniformly arranged between the inner surface of the upper end of the round pipe-shaped cover plate 3 and the outer surface of the upper end of the cylindrical base 1.

[0043] Specifically, the base body 1 can be a single metal material or composed of two or more composite metal materials, but the hollow channel groove part of the base body 1 and the sealing plate 2 must be of the same metal material, such as aluminum, copper, titanium, steel and its alloy, or high-temperature alloy and other high-thermal-conductivity materials or structural materials.

[0044] The cover plate 3 faces harsh working conditions such as high temperature and high corrosion during use, so any metal material that meets the working conditions can be selected, such as tungsten, molybdenum, tantalum, niobium, zirconium, cobalt, chromium, manganese, or alloys composed of two or more metals, such as high-temperature alloy, stainless steel, special steel, or high-performance materials the same as the base body 1.

[0045] The application also provides a welding method for a cylindrical composite material with a complex hollow channel on the surface, comprising the following steps:

[0046] Step 1: The hollow channel groove of the cylindrical base body 1 is sealed by the hollow channel groove sealing plate 2 through a fusion welding process of laser or electron beam welding, and a circumferential metallurgical sealing complex hollow channel 11 is formed by butt welding, and the cylindrical base body 1 and the sealing plate 2 are combined to form a base layer 12.

[0047] Step 2: The welding surface of the base layer 12 is processed into an oxide-free layer smooth surface with a roughness of less than 3 microns;

[0048] Step 3: The base body 1 with the hollow channel 11 filled with compression-resistant material 7 is placed with the end face of the cylinder upward on the welding site foundation 9;

[0049] Step 4: The cylindrical tube-shaped cover plate 3 is sleeved on the cylindrical base body 1, the inner surface of the cylindrical tube-shaped cover plate 3 and the base layer 12 are opposite welding surfaces, the cylindrical tube-shaped cover plate 3 is glued with the cylindrical barrel-shaped support cover plate 4 on the outer surface, and the gasket mechanism 5 is uniformly arranged between the inner surface of the upper end of the cylindrical tube-shaped cover plate 3 and the outer surface of the upper end of the cylindrical base body 1, which is used to support the cover plate 3 so that there is no obstacle between the cover plate 3 and the base layer 12, and the two maintain a substantially uniform spacing distance;

[0050] Step 5: The explosive composition 6 is arranged on the outer surface of the support cover plate 4;

[0051] Step 6: The explosive welding of the base layer 12 and the cover plate 3 is realized by controlling detonation through the detonation system 10 connected with the explosive composition 6;

[0052] Step 7: After welding, the compression-resistant material 7 in the hollow channel 11 is discharged or removed, and the material is processed so that the outer contour of the material after explosive welding conforms to the required contour.

[0053] It is to be noted that in step 1, the hollow channel groove is first machined on the outer cylindrical surface of the cylindrical base 1 combined with the cladding plate 3, which can be machined by mechanical machining or casting and other operable material processing methods. The hollow channel groove can be a straight groove, a curved groove, or a combination of straight and curved grooves. The inner surface of the hollow channel groove can be shaped and sized as needed, such as a rectangular surface, a regular or irregular curved surface, or a combination of two or more different surfaces and / or different sizes, etc. The port of the hollow channel groove is opened on the end surface of the base 1. One hollow channel groove or a plurality of hollow channel grooves connected to each other form a hollow channel groove system, and the base 1 contains at least one hollow channel groove system.

[0054] The hollow channel groove on the base 1 is sealed by a sealing plate 2 with a thickness of 0.5-8 mm by fusion welding process such as laser welding or electron beam welding. The welding adopts butt joint type, such as: flat butt joint, double convex edge butt joint, reinforced butt joint, lock bottom butt joint, stop butt joint, unequal thickness butt joint, inclined butt joint, single edge curling, double edge curling, end joint, corner joint, etc.

[0055] Since the base 1 and the sealing plate 2 are connected as a unified whole by laser welding or electron beam welding, the base layer 12 has a dense bonding surface without exposed grooves or large bumps. The outer surface of the cylindrical base 1, i.e. the welding surface of the base layer 12, is a cylindrical surface; the cylindrical base 1 can be solid or hollow.

[0056] It is to be noted that in step 2, the welding surface of the base layer 12 can be processed by physical methods such as polishing and grinding, or chemical methods such as solution flushing and soaking. When the surface roughness Ra is less than 3 microns, the energy required for metal-to-metal bonding in explosive welding can be reduced, the amount of explosive composition 6 can be saved to reduce costs and protect the environment.

[0057] It is to be noted that in step 3, the pressure during explosive welding is usually in the range of several GPa, and the time range is usually several to tens of microseconds. The compression-resistant material 7 is used to support the base layer 12 with complex hollow channels 11 to prevent the welding surface of the base layer 12 from deforming during explosive impact welding. The compression-resistant material is selected to be easy to fill, with small volume shrinkage after strong compression, and also requires that the compression-resistant material 7 does not physically bond and chemically react with the materials of the hollow channel 11 during strong compression, and is easy to remove or discharge from the hollow channel 11 after strong compression. In addition, the hollow cylindrical base 1 and between the explosive composition 6 and the support container 8 can also be filled with compression-resistant material 7 as needed.

[0058] The anti-compression material 7 can be selected from low-cost materials that are easy to store on site, such as water, industrial oil, ceramic materials such as silicon dioxide powder and aluminum oxide powder, high-hardness organic materials such as polymers, hard paraffin, and resins, low-melting-point metals such as lead, or sand, dry ice (solid carbon dioxide), and salt.

[0059] In one possible implementation, the support container 8 is placed on the welding site base 9, the support container 8 is filled with water, industrial oil, or anti-compression materials 7 such as ceramic powder and sand, and then the base layer 12 is immersed in the support container 8, so that the anti-compression material 7 fills the hollow channel 11, but the welding surface of the base layer 12 is not immersed in the anti-compression material 7 and is exposed to the outside.

[0060] It should be noted that in step 4, the inner surface of the circular tube-shaped cladding plate 3, i.e. the welding surface, will be completely bonded to the outer surface of the cylindrical base 1, i.e. the welding surface of the base layer 12, so the axial length of the circular tube-shaped cladding plate 3 is equal to the axial length of the cylindrical base 1, and the inner radius of the circular tube-shaped cladding plate 3 is greater than the outer radius of the cylindrical base 1.

[0061] Similarly, since the welding surface of the cladding plate 3 is to be completely bonded to the welding surface of the base layer 12, the welding surface of the cladding plate 3 is processed to achieve a substantially uniform finish, such as an oxide-free finish with a roughness of less than 3 microns. The flatness and uniformity of the surfaces of the cladding plate 3 and the base layer 12 help to make the chemical and physical results of explosive welding predictable and controllable.

[0062] The support cover plate 4 can be made of inexpensive industrial metals such as aluminum, copper, and steel, with a thickness of 0.5-4 mm. The support cover plate 4 is in the shape of a barrel and is fixed to the outer surface of the circular tube-shaped cladding plate 3 by industrial glue. During the explosive welding process, the support cover plate 4 absorbs a portion of the destructive energy of the explosive composition 6 through deformation, protecting the cladding plate 3 and reducing the amount of subsequent processing required.

[0063] At least two spacer mechanisms 5 are evenly arranged between the inner surface of the upper end of the cylindrical cladding 3 and the outer surface of the upper end of the cylindrical base 1 during the assembly process, so that there is no obstacle between the inner surface of the cylindrical cladding 3 and the outer surface of the cylindrical base 1, i.e. the base layer 12, and the two maintain a parallel, substantially uniform spacing distance. The spacer mechanism is, for example, a thin-walled capillary aluminum tube or a thin-walled plastic tube with an outer diameter of 3 mm, or a cross-shaped clip used for tiling, etc., the purpose being to provide spacing support in a static state and to be easily crushed in a dynamic state. The spacer mechanism 5 can use one or more spacer mechanisms. The spacing distance of the cladding 3 and the base layer 12 is about 0.3 to 5 times the wall thickness of the cylindrical cladding 3. It should be noted that the spacing distance of the cladding 3 and the base layer 12 is determined after the geometric dimensions of the cylindrical base 1 and the cylindrical cladding 3 are selected, so the spacing distance of the cladding 3 and the base layer 12 in the cylindrical explosive welding is completed in the design, not in the installation, and the task of the installation is only to maintain the parallel, substantially uniform spacing distance between the cladding 3 and the base layer 12.

[0064] It should be noted that in step 5, the explosive composition 6 is used to release the required explosion energy E when the explosion occurs. The required explosion energy E is related to the unit area weight of the explosive composition, the unit area weight of the cladding 3, the wall thickness of the cylindrical cladding 3, the circumferential strain work of the cylindrical cladding 3, and the physical and mechanical properties of the metal materials to be explosively welded. Specifically, the thickness ζ of the explosive is calculated according to the principle of conservation of momentum.

[0065] It should be noted that in step 6, the detonation system 10 is installed at the center of the upper end of the barrel of the support cover plate 4, connected to the explosive composition 6 in the shape of an umbrella, and when the explosive composition is ignited or started, the explosion travels through the explosive area at an explosion rate, releasing the energy of the explosive. The explosion starts from multiple points on the outer surface of the upper end of the support cover plate 4, and then develops to the unexploded part. The typical explosion rate ranges from about 1500 m / s to 4000 m / s, and the explosion speed is selected to be lower than the sound speed of the metal materials to be combined to generate sufficient pressure to cause bonding.

[0066] When performing the explosive welding process, the mass fraction of the explosive additive can adjust the explosion speed, such as adding glass microspheres, resin microspheres and industrial salt with a mass fraction of about 5% to 40%.

[0067] As the explosion propagates, the support cover plate 4 and the cladding 3 travel with the explosion, and the cladding 3 collides with the base layer 12 at a certain angle to form a collision angle, and the typical collision angle ranges from about 3° to 30°. The typical impact velocity V pThe impact occurs at high pressure and causes spalling of at least one of the weld surfaces of the clad plate 3 and the base plate 12. The particles resulting from the spalling are ejected in a jet that rapidly propagates in three dimensions through the high pressure generated by the explosion. The metal jet can clean the joint between the clad plate 3 and the base plate 12 of contaminants, and the spacing between the clad plate 3 and the base plate 12 leaves enough space for the expulsion of the gas in the gap. In particular, the dynamic parameters of the explosion welding are determined according to the principle of conservation of energy.

[0068] In the prior art, when the anti-compression material 7 is in direct contact with the clad plate 3 without the sealing plate 2 of the complex hollow channel groove, the metal jet can mix with the anti-compression material 7, causing contamination of the weld and a decrease in performance, and even separation of the weld surface. The present application uses the sealing plate 2 to form a flat and dense structure by laser or electron beam welding on the complex hollow channel groove of the base plate 1, which ensures that the anti-compression material 7 is isolated from the explosion welding weld, avoids the generation of a low wave impedance area, and thus improves the quality of the explosion welding. In addition, the anti-compression material in the complex hollow channel can prevent deformation of the part during impact welding.

[0069] Although the explosion welding process generates a lot of heat, the process results in a metal-to-metal bond between the material of the clad plate 3 and the material of the base plate 12 at the joint, with little melting or diffusion. The complex hollow channel is often used for structures such as heat dissipation at high temperatures, and if the clad plate 3 is not used for explosion welding but the fusion weld surface of the base plate 1 and the sealing plate 2 is directly exposed to harsh working conditions, the connection can fail, causing the fluid in the hollow channel to leak. The clad plate 3 coated by explosion welding is made of a selected whole material or a high-melting-point metal, which has strong ability to withstand harsh environments, and the explosion welding weld is protected behind the clad plate 3 and does not directly face harsh working conditions. In addition, the metallurgical bond formed between the clad plate 3 and the base plate 12 is usually stronger than the strength of the weaker metal material, which makes up for the decrease in strength caused by the fusion welding process.

[0070] It should be noted that in step S7, the anti-compression material 7 needs to be removed or expelled from the hollow channel 11 after explosion impact welding, which can be completed in various ways according to the selected anti-compression material 7, for example, water is easy to expel, and dry ice can sublimate.

[0071] For the explosion welding method described above, the present application provides a method for determining the process parameters of explosion welding, comprising the following steps:

[0072] Step I, determining the materials of the base plate 1 and the cladding plate 3 in the explosive welding, the outer radius of the cylindrical base plate 1 and the inner and outer radii of the pipe-shaped cladding plate 3, and the interval A between the base layer 12 and the cladding plate 3, arranging the cladding plate 3 and the base layer 12 in parallel and keeping a substantially uniform interval distance therebetween;

[0073] Step II, determining the optional range of the collision point velocity V c in the explosive welding according to the material parameters of the base layer 12 and the cladding plate 3;

[0074] Step III, determining the welding energy required for welding according to the material parameters of the base layer 12 and the cladding plate 3, taking the kinetic energy of the cladding plate as the welding energy source, determining the minimum value V p of the impact velocity V pmin of the cladding plate in the explosive welding and the range of the collision angle θ according to the fourth strength theory and the welding energy requirement, and further determining the specific value of the collision angle θ;

[0075] Step IV, determining the dynamic parameters of the impact velocity V p , the collision point velocity V c and the detonation velocity V d of the explosive composition 6 according to the specific value of the collision angle θ, the interval A between the base layer and the cladding plate, the relationship among the impact velocity V p , the collision point velocity V c and the detonation velocity V d of the explosive composition 6, and the physical parameters of the cladding plate 3 and the explosive composition 6 according to the principle of functional conservation;

[0076] Step V, calculating the charge thickness ζ according to the impact velocity V p , the detonation velocity V d of the explosive composition 6, and the physical parameters of the cladding plate 3 and the explosive composition 6 according to the principle of momentum conservation.

[0077] It should be noted that, in Step I, for the explosive welding of the outer explosion of the pipe, the interval between the inner radius R 20 of the pipe-shaped cladding plate 3 and the outer radius R2 of the cylindrical base plate 1 is the interval A between the base layer and the cladding plate, and the interval distance between the cladding plate 3 and the base layer 12 is about 0.3-5 times the thickness of the cladding plate 3, i.e. A = R 20 -R2 = (0.3-5)(R 10 -R 20 ), wherein R 10 is the initial outer radius of the pipe-shaped cladding plate 3, and R 20 is the initial inner radius of the pipe-shaped cladding plate 3.

[0078] Specifically, in Step II, the optional range of the collision point velocity V c is determined as follows:

[0079] Minimum value of impact point velocity V cmin = (2R e f + HV b ) / (p f + p b ) 1 / 2 (1)

[0080] In formula (1), R e is the Reynolds number, generally taking the value of 10.6, HV is the Vickers hardness, HV f is the Vickers hardness of the cover plate, HV b is the Vickers hardness of the base layer, p f is the density of the cover plate, p b is the density of the base layer. The maximum value V c of the impact point velocity V cmax is the minimum value between the cover plate sound speed and the base layer sound speed.

[0081] Specifically, in step III, the welding energy is proportional to the kinetic energy of the cover plate, and the lower limit of the welding energy and the minimum value V p of the impact velocity V pmin of the cover plate have the following relationship:

[0082] 1 / 2 MV pmin 2 = E wmin = s b S´H f b d (2)

[0083] In formula (2), M is the mass of the cover plate 3, with the unit of kilogram; V pmin is the minimum value of the impact velocity of the cover plate, with the unit of meters per second; 1 / 2 MV pmin 2 is the minimum kinetic energy of the cover plate impact, with the unit of joule; is the conversion rate of the impact kinetic energy of the cover plate into welding energy, dimensionless; E wmin is the lower limit of the welding energy, with the unit of joule; s b is the tensile strength of the cover plate or the base layer material, with the unit of pascal; S´ is the outer surface area of the cylindrical base 1, which is generally the welding area, with the unit of square meter; H f is the wall thickness of the circular tube-shaped cover plate 3 after welding, with the unit of meter; b is the proportion of the minimum welding layer thickness to H f , dimensionless; d is the elongation rate of the welding layer, which is generally between the elongation rate of the cover plate and the elongation rate of the base layer, with the unit of percent, dimensionless.

[0084] ​When the materials of the cladding and the base layer are the same, the standard welding strength required for welding is the tensile strength of that material, and the welding energy is the fracture energy of the minimum weld layer. As can be seen from equation (2), the impact velocity V of the cladding is... p Minimum value V pmin =[2σ b βδ / ( ρ f )] 1 / 2 It should be noted that, based on previous research, the V-shape within the welding window... pmin Approximately and σ b ρ f This implies that, within the microsecond range of explosive welding, the conversion rate of the impact kinetic energy of the cladding plate into welding energy is... The conversion rate is related to the elongation δ of the material; that is, a higher elongation results in a higher conversion rate, and a lower elongation results in a lower conversion rate. Approximately equal to 2βδ, therefore:

[0085] V pmin =(σ b / ρ f ) 1 / 2 (3).

[0086] When the base layer and the cladding material are different, the minimum impact velocity of the cladding is:

[0087] V pmin =(σ b1 / ρ f ) 1 / 2 (4)

[0088] In equation (4), σ b1 It has the highest tensile strength among base and cladding materials.

[0089] Specifically, when set in parallel, the detonation velocity of explosive composition 6 is V. d and the velocity V at the point of collision c Equal, the velocity V at the point of collision c Impact velocity of the cover plate V p There is a V between them p =2V c Since the collision angle θ is small, 2sin(θ / 2) = sinθ, so generally we have V p =V c sinθ. During explosive welding, the velocity V at the point of impact. c The maximum value V cmax Minimum value V corresponding to the impact velocity of the cover plate pmin Therefore, the minimum collision angle θ is obtained. min =arcsin(V) pmin / V cmax Impact speed V of the cover platep Orthogonal decomposition of the longitudinal component of velocity V perpendicular to the substrate p cos(θ / 2) and the transverse component of velocity V parallel to the substrate p sin(θ / 2), according to the principle of momentum conservation, the dynamic compressive normal stress σ between the cover plate and the substrate and the longitudinal component of velocity V perpendicular to the substrate of the impact velocity of the cover plate p cos(θ / 2) is proportional to the shear stress τ between the cover plate and the substrate and the transverse component of velocity V parallel to the substrate of the impact velocity of the cover plate p sin(θ / 2) is proportional to the shear stress τ between the cover plate and the substrate and the transverse component of velocity V parallel to the substrate of the impact velocity of the cover plate

[0090] Referring to the stress failure criterion of the fourth strength theory: (σ 2 +3τ 2 ) 1 / 2 ≥σ S , where (σ 2 +3τ 2 ) 1 / 2 is the dynamic compressive equivalent stress, σ S is the larger dynamic yield strength of the cover plate and the substrate, and through calculation, when V p (2-cosθ) 1 / 2 ≥V pmin (2-cosθ min ) 1 / 2 , the dynamic compressive equivalent stress reaches or exceeds the larger dynamic yield strength σ S of the cover plate and the substrate, and plastic deformation occurs.

[0091] Further, setting V c sinθ(2-cosθ) 1 / 2 =V pmin (2-cosθ min ) 1 / 2 , the corresponding relationship between V c and θ can be obtained, that is, a numerical line of V c , θ representing the lower limit of welding energy is obtained, that is, the welding energy lower limit isosurface.

[0092] Setting V c sinθ(2-cosθ) 1 / 2 =kV pmin (2-cosθ min ) 1 / 2 , k takes a number between 2~4, such as 3, the corresponding relationship between V c and θ can be obtained, that is, a numerical line of V c , θ representing the upper limit of welding energy is obtained, that is, the welding energy upper limit isosurface. The welding energy upper limit isosurface and the welding energy lower limit isosurface, and V cmax , V cminThe boundary lines together form the welding parameter window.

[0093] Furthermore, determine the specific value of the collision angle θ:

[0094] Collision angle θ=θ min +n(θ) max -θ min (5)

[0095] In equation (5), n is an adjustment coefficient, which is a number between 0 and 1, such as 0.5.

[0096] It should be noted that the typical collision angle θ ranges from 3° to 30°.

[0097] Specifically, in step IV, the formula for the conservation of function is:

[0098] (6)

[0099] In equation (6), the left side of the equation represents the work done by the explosive composition 6 on the cladding plate 3, P. C-J ρ is the pressure on the wavefront CJ of the detonation wave of explosive composition 6, in Pascals; k0 is the pressure adjustment coefficient, ranging from 0.6 to 0.7; S is the outer surface area of ​​the tubular cladding plate 3, in square meters, S = 2πR 10 N, R 10 R is the initial outer radius of the tubular cladding plate 3, N is the length of the tubular cladding plate 3; A is the distance between the base layer 12 and the cladding plate 3, in meters, A = R 20 -R2,R 20 R1 is the initial inner radius of the cylindrical cover plate 3, R2 is the outer radius of the cylindrical substrate 1; θ is the collision angle in degrees.

[0100] Specifically, P C-J =ρ0V d 2 / (γ+1)(7)

[0101] In equation (7), ρ0 is the density of the explosive composition, and V d V is the detonation velocity of the explosive composition. d The properties of the explosive composition itself determine the influence of V. d Factors generally include the density of the explosive composition, the proportion of the explosive composition, the size of the explosive charge, the moisture content, the particle size, and additives. γ is the adiabatic index of the explosive products. It should be noted that when the base layer and the cover plate are set parallel to each other, the impact point velocity V... c And the detonation velocity V of the explosive composition d They are equal, therefore, when selecting the explosive composition, the detonation velocity V... d Reference collision point velocity V c To make the two similar, or to refer to the detonation velocity V of the explosive composition.d The velocity V of the collision point c .

[0102] Specifically, the first term on the right side of equation (6) is the kinetic energy of the cover plate 3, M is the mass of the cover plate 3, the unit is kilogram, M = π (R 10 2 - R 20 2 )Nρ f , R 10 is the initial outer radius of the circular tube-shaped cover plate 3, R 20 is the initial inner radius of the circular tube-shaped cover plate 3, N is the length of the cover plate circular tube 3, ρ f is the material density of the circular tube-shaped cover plate 3, V p is the impact speed of the cover plate, the unit is meter per second; the second term on the right side of the equation is the deformation work of the circular tube-shaped cover plate 3 overcoming the circumferential resistance, where Y0 is the dynamic yield strength. Since the deformation of the circular tube occurs before the collision point, or the deformation caused by the collision is not considered, the strain rate is about 10 3 s -1 ~10 4 s -1 , and the dynamic yield strength is about 2~5 times the static yield strength. The specific value is related to the strain rate and the mechanical properties of the cover plate material; ε (R) is a circumferential strain function, dimensionless; R1 is the outer radius of the deformed circular tube-shaped cover plate 3, and R2 is the inner radius of the deformed circular tube-shaped cover plate 3. Because the inner surface of the circular tube-shaped cover plate 3 is attached to the base layer 12 after the outer explosion explosion welding, the inner radius of the deformed circular tube-shaped cover plate 3 is equal to the outer radius R2 of the cylindrical base 1. Specifically, the cross-sectional area of the circular tube-shaped cover plate 3 after the circumferential deformation remains unchanged, so R1 2 = R2 2 + (R 10 2 - R 20 2 ), R 10 is the initial outer radius of the circular tube-shaped cover plate 3, and R 20 is the initial inner radius of the circular tube-shaped cover plate 3. When ε (R) changes linearly along the tube diameter, ε (R) = [R 20 (R 10 - R1) (R - R2) + R 10 (R 20 - R2) (R1 - R)] / [R 10 R 20 (R1 - R2)], so the deformation work of the circular tube-shaped cover plate 3 overcoming the circumferential resistance on the right side of the equation is:

[0103] .

[0104] It should be noted that, unlike the explosive welding of flat plates, the round tube cover plate 3 also deforms in the explosive welding of round tubes, so not only the kinetic energy required for the impact of the round tube cover plate 3 needs to be considered, but also the deformation work of the circumferential deformation of the round tube cover plate 3, i.e. the plastic work to overcome the circumferential resistance of the tube wall.

[0105] Further, according to the specific value of the collision angle θ determined, V d =V c , V p =V c sinθ and equation (6) are solved to obtain the specific values of the collision point velocity V c and the cover plate impact velocity V p .

[0106] Specifically, in step V, the momentum conservation formula is ГζSρ0V d =MV p +I (8)

[0107] In equation (8), the left side of the equal sign Г is the ratio of the momentum of the explosive composition acting on the cover plate to the total momentum of the explosive composition, dimensionless; ζ is the explosive thickness, in meters; S is the outer surface area of the round tube cover plate 3, in square meters, S=2πR 10 N, R 10 is the initial outer radius of the round tube cover plate 3, N is the length of the round tube cover plate 3; ρ0 is the density of the explosive composition 6, in kilograms per cubic meter; V d is the detonation velocity of the explosive composition 6, in meters per second. The right side of the equal sign M is the mass of the cover plate 3, in kilograms, M=π(R 10 2 -R 20 2 )Nρ f , R 10 is the initial outer radius of the round tube cover plate 3, R 20 is the initial inner radius of the round tube cover plate 3, N is the length of the round tube cover plate 3, ρ f is the material density of the cover plate 3, V p is the cover plate impact velocity, in meters per second; I is the deformation impulse of the round tube cover plate 3, , in kilograms·meters / second.

[0108] Specifically, Г is the ratio of the momentum of the explosive composition acting on the cover plate to the total momentum of the explosive composition, , γ is the adiabatic index of the explosive product of the explosive composition 6, dimensionless; ζ is the explosive thickness, in meters; N is the length of the round tube cover plate 3, in meters, N≥2.25ζ.

[0109] It should be noted that all the material parameters in the above formula are in the International System of Units, and the unit of Vickers hardness HV is Pa.

[0110] After explosive welding, the bonding strength of the material can be determined by shear testing, bending testing or other tests, and the bonding integrity can be determined using ultrasonic testing, etc. In addition, explosive welding affects the mechanical properties of the metallic material comprising the base layer 12. Therefore, in certain applications with special requirements, the final explosive welded article can be tested to verify the performance for the particular application.

[0111] Embodiment

[0112] The complex hollow channel base body 1 is selected as a copper rod with a length of 200 mm and an outer radius R2 of 25 mm. A serpentine rectangular groove is milled on the surface of the copper rod along the length direction by a milling machine, with a size of 250 mm in length, 10 mm in width, and 10 mm in depth. The rectangular groove sealing plate 2 is selected as a copper plate with the same material as the base body 1 and a thickness of 1 mm. The cover plate 3 is selected as an aluminum pipe with a length of 200 mm, an inner radius R 20 of 27 mm, and an outer radius R 10 of 29 mm. The support cover plate 4 is an aluminum plate with a thickness of 0.5 mm. The explosive composition 6 is a sensitized industrial explosive welding explosive.

[0113] The welding method of the cylindrical composite material with a complex hollow channel includes the following steps:

[0114] Step 1, the hollow channel groove sealing plate 2 is used to seal the hollow channel groove on the outer surface of the cylindrical base body 1 by a fusion welding process of laser welding, with a laser welding power of 1500 W. A flat butt joint type welding is adopted to form a circumferential metallurgical sealing complex hollow channel 11, and at the same time, the base layer 12 is formed;

[0115] Step 2, the welding surface of the base layer 12 is processed into a non-oxidized layer smooth surface with a roughness of less than 3 microns by a grinding machine;

[0116] Step 3, the hollow channel 11 is filled with the compression-resistant material 7, which is water, in the base body 1, with the end surface of the cylinder upward, placed on the foundation 9 of the welding site;

[0117] Step 4, the cylindrical tube-shaped cover plate 3 is sleeved on the cylindrical base body 1, with the inner surface of the cylindrical tube-shaped cover plate 3 and the base layer 12 as the opposite welding surfaces. The support cover plate 4 barrel is glued on the outer surface of the cylindrical tube-shaped cover plate 3. The three gasket mechanisms 5 are evenly arranged between the inner surface of the upper end of the cylindrical tube-shaped cover plate 3 and the outer surface of the cylindrical base body 1, which are used to support the cover plate 3, so that there is no obstacle between the cover plate 3 and the base layer 12, and they maintain a substantially uniform spacing distance;

[0118] Step 5, the explosive composition 6 is arranged on the outer surface of the support cover plate 4.

[0119] Step 6, the detonation is controlled by the detonation system 10 connected with the explosive composition 6, and the detonation is along the axial direction of the tube, so as to realize the explosive welding of the base layer 12 and the cladding plate 3;

[0120] Step 7, after welding, the water in the hollow channel 11 is discharged, and the material is processed so that the outer contour of the material after explosive welding conforms to the required contour.

[0121] Specifically, the process of explosive welding is determined according to the following steps:

[0122] Step I, the cladding plate 3 and the base layer 12 are arranged in parallel, and the distance A between the base layer and the cladding plate is R 20 -R2=2mm;

[0123] Step II, according to the material parameters of the base layer 12 and the cladding plate 3, the collision point speed V c of the explosive welding is determined;

[0124] The minimum value V c of the collision point speed V cmin is (2R e (HV f +HV b ) / (ρ f +ρ b ) 1 / 2 = (2×10.6×(0.294×10 9 +0.833×10 9 ) / (2700+8900) 1 / 2 =1435(m / s);

[0125] The maximum value V c of the collision point speed V cmax is 4700m / s;

[0126] Step III, according to the material parameters of the base layer 12 and the cladding plate 3, the welding energy required for welding is determined, the kinetic energy of the cladding plate is taken as the welding energy source, the minimum value V p of the impact speed V pmin of the cladding plate during explosive welding is determined, and the range of the collision angle θ is determined according to the fourth strength theory and the welding energy requirement, and then the specific value of the collision angle θ is determined;

[0127] The minimum value of the impact speed V p of the cladding plate is V pmin =(σ b1 / ρ f ) 1 / 2 =(3×10 8 / 2700) 1 / 2= 333 m / s;

[0128] Minimum collision angle θ min = arcsin (333 / 4700) = 4.06°

[0129] The maximum value of the dynamic compression equivalent stress caused by the impact of the coating is set as the dynamic yield strength σ S corresponding to the lower limit of the welding energy, which is 3 times the maximum collision angle θ max = 39.06°

[0130] θ Ⅰ = 13.26°, θ Ⅲ = 12.15°

[0131] The specific value of the collision angle θ is determined as follows:

[0132] Collision angle θ = 4.06° + 0.17 × (39.06° - 4.06°) = 10°.

[0133] Step IV, according to the principle of functional conservation, according to the specific value of the collision angle θ, the distance A between the base layer and the coating, the relationship between the impact velocity V p of the coating, the collision point velocity V c and the detonation velocity V d of the explosive composition 6, as well as the physical parameters of the coating 3 and the explosive composition 6, the specific values of the impact velocity V p of the coating, the collision point velocity V c and the detonation velocity V d of the explosive composition are determined.

[0134] Specifically, according to the formula: P C-J = ρ0V d 2 / (γ + 1), the balance calculation is carried out, the dynamic yield strength Y0 of the aluminum pipe of the coating 3 is taken as 500 MPa, the detonation wave pressure adjustment coefficient k0 is taken as 0.7, and the detonation velocity, the explosive density and the adiabatic index γ of the explosion products are adjusted by adding industrial salt in the explosive composition 6. Finally, the impact velocity V p of the coating is 500 m / s, the kinetic energy of the coating 3 is 23738 Joules, the deformation work of the circular pipe-shaped coating 3 overcoming the circumferential resistance is 83184 Joules, the detonation velocity V d is adjusted to 2860 m / s by adding industrial salt with a mass fraction of 15% in the explosive composition 6, the collision point velocity V c = V d = 2860 m / s, the explosive density is 900 kg / m3, and the adiabatic index γ of the explosion products is 2.5.

[0135] Step V, according to the impact velocity Vp , the detonation velocity V of the explosive composition 6 d , and the physical parameters of the covering plate 3 and the explosive composition 6, the distribution thickness ζ is calculated according to the principle of momentum conservation.

[0136] According to the formula of momentum conservation, ГζSρ0V d =MV p +I, , , and ζ=0.009 meters, i.e. the distribution thickness is 9 millimeters.

[0137] The above merely describes the preferred specific embodiments of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited to this. Any changes or replacements that can be easily thought of by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present application shall be encompassed within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A welded structure of a cylindrical composite material having complex hollow channels on a surface, characterized by, The welding structure is arranged in equal height and coaxial, the central part is a cylindrical base (1), and the parts sequentially and outwardly expanded from the cylindrical base (1) are a circular tube cover plate (3), a barrel-shaped support cover plate (4), an explosive composition (6), a support container (8), and a welding site foundation (9); The outer surface of the cylindrical base (1) is provided with a complex hollow channel (11) sealed by a sealing plate (2), and the complex hollow channel (11) is encapsulated with a compression-resistant material (7); and the inner surface of the upper end of the circular tube cover plate (3) and the outer surface of the upper end of the cylindrical base (1) are uniformly provided with a gasket mechanism (5); The welding method of the welding structure comprises the following steps: Step 1, a hollow channel groove sealing plate (2) is used to seal the hollow channel groove on the outer surface of the cylindrical base (1) by a fusion welding process of laser or electron beam welding, and a circumferential metallurgical sealing complex hollow channel (11) is formed by butt welding, and the cylindrical base (1) and the sealing plate (2) are combined to form a base layer (12); Step 2, the welding surface of the base layer (12) is processed into an oxide layer smooth surface with a roughness of less than 3 microns; Step 3, the base (1) filled with the compression-resistant material (7) in the hollow channel (11) is placed on the welding site foundation (9) with the end face of the cylinder upward; Step 4, the cylindrical base (1) is sleeved with the circular tube cover plate (3), the inner surface of the circular tube cover plate (3) and the base layer (12) are opposite welding surfaces, the barrel-shaped support cover plate (4) is glued to the outer surface of the circular tube cover plate (3), the gasket mechanism (5) is uniformly arranged between the inner surface of the upper end of the circular tube cover plate (3) and the outer surface of the upper end of the cylindrical base (1), and the gasket mechanism (5) is used to support the cover plate (3) so that there is no obstacle between the cover plate (3) and the base layer (12) and the two maintain a uniform spacing distance; Step 5, the explosive composition (6) is arranged on the outer surface of the support cover plate (4); Step 6, the explosive welding of the base layer (12) and the cover plate (3) is realized by controlling detonation through the detonation system (10) connected with the explosive composition (6); Step 7, after welding, the compression-resistant material (7) in the hollow channel (11) is discharged or removed, and the material is processed so that the outer contour of the material after explosive welding conforms to the required contour; In step 6, the dynamic parameters of explosion welding are determined according to the principle of functional conservation, and the functional conservation formula is: , wherein the left side of the equal sign is the work done by the explosive composition (6) on the cladding plate (3), P C-J is the pressure on the C-J wave front of the explosive composition (6), with the unit of pascal; k0 is a pressure adjustment coefficient, with the value of 0.6-0.7; S is the outer surface area of the circular tube-shaped cladding plate (3), with the unit of square meter; A is the spacing between the base layer (12) and the cladding plate (3), with the unit of meter; θ is the collision angle, with the unit of degree; the first term on the right side of the equal sign is the kinetic energy of the cladding plate (3), M is the mass of the cladding plate (3), with the unit of kilogram; V p is the impact velocity of the cladding plate, with the unit of meter per second; the second term on the right side of the equal sign is the deformation work of the circular tube-shaped cladding plate (3) against the circumferential resistance, wherein Y0 is the dynamic yield strength, with the unit of pascal; ε(R) is a circumferential strain function, dimensionless; N is the length of the circular tube-shaped cladding plate (3), with the unit of meter; R1 is the outer radius of the circular tube-shaped cladding plate (3) after deformation, with the unit of meter; and R2 is the inner radius of the circular tube-shaped cladding plate (3) after deformation, with the unit of meter.

2. The welded structure of claim 1, wherein The cylindrical base (1) is single metal material or two or more composite metal materials.

3. The welded structure of claim 1, wherein The hollow channel groove part of the cylindrical base (1) and the sealing plate (2) are the same metal material.

4. The welded structure of claim 1, wherein The circular tube cover plate (3) is single metal or an alloy composed of two or more metals.

5. A method of welding a cylindrical composite material having complex hollow channels on a surface, characterized by The welding method is applied to the welding structure of any one of claims 1-4, and the welding method comprises the following steps: Step 1, a hollow channel groove sealing plate (2) is used to seal the hollow channel groove on the outer surface of the cylindrical base (1) by a fusion welding process of laser or electron beam welding, and a circumferential metallurgical sealing complex hollow channel (11) is formed by butt welding, and the cylindrical base (1) and the sealing plate (2) are combined to form a base layer (12); Step 2, the welding surface of the base layer (12) is processed into an oxide-free layer with a roughness of less than 3 microns; Step 3, the base body (1) filled with the compression-resistant material (7) in the hollow channel (11) is placed with the end face of the cylinder upward on the welding site foundation (9); Step 4, a circular tubular cladding plate (3) is sleeved on the cylindrical base body (1), the inner surface of the circular tubular cladding plate (3) and the base layer (12) are the opposite welding surfaces, the circular tubular cladding plate (3) is glued with the circular barrel-shaped support cover plate (4) on the outer surface, the gasket mechanism (5) is evenly arranged between the inner surface of the upper end of the circular tubular cladding plate (3) and the outer surface of the upper end of the cylindrical base body (1), and the gasket mechanism (5) is used to support the cladding plate (3), so that there is no obstacle between the cladding plate (3) and the base layer (12), and the two maintain a uniform spacing distance; Step 5, the explosive composition (6) is arranged on the outer surface of the support cover plate (4); Step 6, the explosive welding of the base layer (12) and the cladding plate (3) is realized by controlling the detonation through the detonation system (10) connected with the explosive composition (6); Step 7, after welding, the compression-resistant material (7) in the hollow channel (11) is discharged or removed, and the material is processed so that the outer contour of the material after explosive welding conforms to the required contour. In step 6, the dynamic parameters of explosion welding are determined according to the principle of functional conservation, and the functional conservation formula is: , wherein the left side of the equal sign is the work done by the explosive composition (6) on the cladding plate (3), P C-J is the pressure on the C-J wave front of the explosive composition (6), with the unit of pascal; k0 is a pressure adjustment coefficient, with the value of 0.6-0.7; S is the outer surface area of the circular tube-shaped cladding plate (3), with the unit of square meter; A is the spacing between the base layer (12) and the cladding plate (3), with the unit of meter; θ is the collision angle, with the unit of degree; the first term on the right side of the equal sign is the kinetic energy of the cladding plate (3), M is the mass of the cladding plate (3), with the unit of kilogram; V p is the impact velocity of the cladding plate, with the unit of meter per second; the second term on the right side of the equal sign is the deformation work of the circular tube-shaped cladding plate (3) against the circumferential resistance, wherein Y0 is the dynamic yield strength, with the unit of pascal; ε(R) is a circumferential strain function, dimensionless; N is the length of the circular tube-shaped cladding plate (3), with the unit of meter; R1 is the outer radius of the circular tube-shaped cladding plate (3) after deformation, with the unit of meter; and R2 is the inner radius of the circular tube-shaped cladding plate (3) after deformation, with the unit of meter.

6. The welding method of claim 5, wherein, In the step 1, the thickness of the sealing plate (2) is 0.5-8 mm.

7. The welding method of claim 5, wherein, In the step 4, the spacing distance between the cladding plate (3) and the base layer (12) is 0.3-5 times the wall thickness of the circular tubular cladding plate (3).

8. The welding method of claim 5, wherein, In the step 4, the gasket mechanism (5) uses one or more of at least two.

9. The welding method of claim 5, wherein, In step 5, the thickness of the drug application is calculated based on the principle of conservation of momentum. The formula for conservation of momentum is ΓζSρ0V. d =MV p +I, where Г is the ratio of the momentum of the explosive composition (6) acting on the cover plate (3) to the total momentum of the explosive composition (6), dimensionless; ζ is the thickness of the explosive charge, in meters; S is the outer surface area of ​​the cylindrical cover plate (3), in square meters; ρ0 is the density of the explosive composition (6), in kilograms per cubic meter; V d The detonation velocity of the explosive composition (6) is given by M in meters per second; the mass of the cladding plate (3) is given by V in kilograms; p I represents the impact velocity of the cladding plate, measured in meters per second; I represents the deformation impulse of the tubular cladding plate (3). The unit is kilogram-meter per second.

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