Basalt fiber-based high-elasticity smart sensing yarn, its preparation method and application

Abstract

This invention provides a basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarn, its preparation method, and its applications. The yarn comprises, from the inside out, an elastic composite core yarn, a basalt fiber coating layer, a carbon fiber coating layer, and a flame-retardant fiber coating layer. A hollow spindle filament coating device is used to spirally wind basalt fiber and carbon fiber onto the elastic composite core yarn, forming a highly elastic, spring-like composite core yarn. During this process, the basalt fiber does not self-twist, avoiding the problem of self-twist damaging the fiber structure, resulting in high mechanical properties and good elasticity of the composite core yarn. Friction spinning is then used to coat the composite core yarn with flame-retardant fibers, yielding the basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarn. This invention, through the synergistic cooperation of the hollow spindle filament coating device and friction spinning, forms an intelligent sensing yarn with good mechanical properties, high elasticity, and strong flame-retardant and heat-insulating properties. This intelligent sensing yarn exhibits dual responses to tensile strain and temperature, and has broad application prospects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of textile technology, and in particular to a basalt fiber-based high-elasticity smart sensing yarn, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of technology and the improvement of people's living standards, the requirements for textiles are also getting higher and higher. Smart textiles have become a hot topic in the research and development of the textile field. At present, smart textiles are generally made by combining various metal sensors with fibers, yarns or fabrics to prepare smart sensing textiles. Smart sensing textiles can play a role in detection and feedback; however, the addition of sensors will reduce the comfort, elasticity and mechanical properties of textiles, affecting their application.

[0003] In existing technologies, conductive materials are often directly applied to fabrics through spraying, coating, or impregnation to form a conductive layer on the surface of the fabric fibers, thereby imparting conductive sensing or stress-strain sensing properties to the fabric. For example, an invention patent (application number CN 202111288753.3) discloses a high-sensitivity strain-sensing composite yarn, its preparation method, and its application. Wool slivers are impregnated in carbon nanotube ink and dried to obtain carbon nanotube / wool slivers. Then, the carbon nanotube / wool slivers are coated onto the surface of polyurethane fibers using tribossing to obtain a high-sensitivity strain sensor. Although this method avoids the impact of adding metal sensors on the fabric's performance, the weak adhesion between the conductive material and the wool sliver surface makes the conductive material on the fabric surface prone to detachment and peeling. This reduces the inductive and conductive properties under repeated stretching / releasing cycles, and the durability and repeatability do not meet application requirements.

[0004] An invention patent (application number CN 202211302582.X) discloses a hollow thermal insulation composite yarn, its preparation method, and its application. The method involves wrapping conductive material onto the surface of elastic yarn through ring spinning to obtain conductive elastic yarn; then, thermal insulation fibers are coated onto the surface of the conductive elastic yarn through friction spinning to obtain a hollow thermal insulation composite yarn. During the preparation process, the conductive elastic yarn remains stretched. The composite yarn prepared by this invention possesses both tensile strain sensing and compressive strain sensing characteristics, with the ply exhibiting electrical signal changes during stretching. Furthermore, when the ply is used as weft yarn to prepare the fabric, the electrical signal also shows a significant change after compression. However, the electrical signal of this conductive composite yarn or fabric is easily affected by temperature changes, reducing the accuracy of the sensor.

[0005] Basalt fiber possesses excellent flame-retardant and heat-insulating properties, with a wide operating range from -269℃ to 650℃. It exhibits characteristics such as no melting or dripping at high temperatures, high strength, and high modulus. Furthermore, basalt fiber boasts superior properties including high-temperature resistance, oxidation resistance, radiation resistance, heat and sound insulation, and adaptability to various environments, while also offering high cost-effectiveness. It is frequently used in materials requiring flame-retardant and heat-insulating properties. However, basalt fiber is brittle, lacks flexibility, and has poor weavability. For example, an invention patent (application number CN201110076746.7) discloses a basalt core-spun yarn, in which mixed yarns are wound around basalt monofilaments. This basalt core-spun yarn can be made into flame-retardant woven fabrics; however, this core-spun yarn uses basalt monofilaments as the core yarn, restricting the yarn's overall elasticity and negatively impacting fabric comfort. Therefore, there are currently no precedents for using basalt fiber in smart sensor fabrics.

[0006] In view of this, it is necessary to design an improved basalt fiber-based high-elasticity smart sensing yarn and its preparation method and application to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide a basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarn, its preparation method, and its application. Basalt fiber and carbon fiber are sequentially wound onto an elastic composite core yarn using a hollow spindle filament coating device to form a highly elastic spring-like structure. Flame-retardant fibers are then further coated onto the surface using friction spinning to form an intelligent sensing yarn with good mechanical properties and flame-retardant and heat-insulating effects, thereby meeting more application needs for intelligent sensing yarns and demonstrating high practicality.

[0008] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, this invention provides a basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarn, which comprises, from the inside out, an elastic composite core yarn, a basalt fiber coating layer, a carbon fiber coating layer, and a flame-retardant fiber coating layer; the fibers in the basalt fiber coating layer and the carbon fiber coating layer are spirally wound on the elastic composite core yarn, forming a spring-like structure with the elastic composite core yarn.

[0009] As a further improvement of the present invention, the linear density of the basalt fiber is 8 tex to 50 tex, and the number of the helical basalt fibers is 2 to 8; the breaking elongation of the basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarn is 100% to 200%.

[0010] As a further improvement of the present invention, the elastic composite core yarn is composed of a silver-plated filament coating layer on the surface of the elastic core yarn or is composed of liquid metal filled inside the elastic silicone tube. The elastic core yarn is spandex elastic filament or rubber filament, the fineness of the spandex elastic filament or rubber filament is 15 to 600 denier, and the diameter of the elastic silicone tube is 0.1 to 2.0 mm.

[0011] As a further improvement of the present invention, the liquid metal includes one of gallium indium alloy and indium tin alloy; the raw material of the flame-retardant fiber coating layer includes one or more of flame-retardant nylon, aramid, flame-retardant viscose, polyimide fiber or seaweed fiber.

[0012] This invention also provides a method for preparing a basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarn. The method involves using a hollow spindle filament wrapping device to sequentially spirally wrap basalt fiber and carbon fiber onto the surface of the elastic composite core yarn, forming a spring-like elastic carbon fiber@basalt fiber composite core yarn. Then, flame-retardant fibers are coated onto the surface of the elastic carbon fiber@basalt fiber composite core yarn using a friction spinning method to obtain the basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarn. When the basalt fiber and carbon fiber are wrapped, the core yarn is in a natural or slightly tensioned state.

[0013] As a further improvement of the present invention, the preparation method of basalt fiber-based high-elasticity smart sensing yarn includes the following steps:

[0014] S1. The elastic core yarn unwound from the yarn tube is fed into the hollow yarn channel of the hollow spindle in a stretched state through the feeding mechanism of the hollow spindle filament covering device. The silver-plated filament unwound from the silver-plated filament hollow spindle yarn tube package inserted on the outer surface of the hollow spindle enters the hollow yarn channel and intersects with the elastic core yarn in the hollow yarn channel. Under the high-speed rotation of the hollow spindle and the silver-plated filament hollow spindle yarn tube package, the silver-plated filament is wound around the surface of the elastic core yarn to form a spring-like structure. Then, it is output through the output mechanism and wound by the winding mechanism to obtain an elastic composite core yarn package. When the elastic core yarn is in a stretched state, its elongation is 10% to 100%.

[0015] Alternatively, a syringe containing liquid metal can be inserted into the opening of an elastic silicone tube unwound from a yarn tube, and then the liquid metal can be injected into the interior of the elastic silicone tube using a digital injection pump. After winding, an elastic composite core yarn roll is obtained.

[0016] S2. The elastic composite core yarn unwound from the elastic composite core yarn roll is input from the feeding mechanism of the hollow spindle filament covering device, and passes sequentially through the upper hollow yarn passage of the first hollow spindle and the lower hollow yarn passage of the second hollow spindle. The outer surfaces of the first and second hollow spindles are provided with basalt fiber hollow spindle yarn tube rolls. The first and second hollow spindles drive the basalt fiber hollow spindle yarn tube rolls to rotate at high speed, and the basalt fibers unwound from the two basalt fiber hollow spindle yarn tube rolls are wound sequentially in the forward and reverse directions on the surface of the elastic composite core yarn to form a spring-like structure of basalt fiber cross-wrap elastic composite core yarn. Then, it is output by the output mechanism and wound by the winding mechanism to finally form an elastic basalt fiber composite core yarn roll.

[0017] S3. The composite core yarn unwound from the elastic basalt fiber composite core yarn package is fed again into the hollow yarn channel of the hollow spindle through the feeding mechanism of the hollow spindle filament covering device, and the same process as the silver-plated filament winding on the surface of the elastic core yarn in step S1 is performed. The carbon fiber unwound from the carbon fiber hollow spindle yarn tube is wound on the surface of the composite core yarn to form a spring-like structure. Then it is output through the output mechanism and wound by the winding mechanism to obtain the elastic carbon fiber@basalt fiber composite core yarn package.

[0018] S4. The elastic carbon fiber@basalt fiber composite core yarn roll obtained in step S3 is placed in the core material storage bin of the friction spinning machine. The elastic carbon fiber@basalt fiber composite core yarn unwound from the roll is fed into the wedge-shaped groove formed by a pair of dust cages rotating in the same direction through the yarn guide hole and tension yarn guide of the feeding unit of the friction spinning machine. At the same time, the flame-retardant fiber strip is sequentially drafted by the drafting mechanism of the friction spinning machine and combed by the combing roller to form a flame-retardant fiber sliver. The flame-retardant fiber sliver enters the wedge-shaped groove through the fiber conveying channel and merges with the elastic carbon fiber@basalt fiber composite core yarn. Under the action of the surfaces of the two dust cages rotating in the same direction, the flame-retardant fiber sliver obtains upward and downward frictional forces on both sides, respectively, causing the flame-retardant fiber sliver to wrap around the surface of the elastic carbon fiber@basalt fiber composite core yarn to form a basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarn. Finally, it is output through the output unit and wound onto a drum.

[0019] As a further improvement of the present invention, when the basalt fiber is wrapped with the carbon fiber, the core yarn is in a slightly tensioned state, wherein the elongation of the core yarn is 1% to 5%.

[0020] As a further improvement of the present invention, in step S1, the rotational speed of the silver-plated filament hollow spindle is 3000-4500 r / min; in step S2, the rotational speed of the first hollow spindle is 2800-3200 r / min, and the rotational speed of the second hollow spindle is 2300-2800 r / min; in step S3, the rotational speed of the carbon fiber hollow spindle is 800-2000 r / min.

[0021] As a further improvement of the present invention, the feeding mechanism includes a feeding guide rod and a feeding roller arranged sequentially along the yarn input direction, and the yarn feeding speed through the feeding mechanism is 1.5 to 30 m / min.

[0022] As a further improvement of the present invention, the output mechanism includes an output guide rod and an output roller arranged sequentially along the yarn conveying direction; the output speed of the yarn through the output mechanism is 1.5 to 30 m / min.

[0023] As a further improvement of the present invention, in step S4, the rotation speed of the two dust cages is 3800-9200 r / min, the output speed of the basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarn is 6-23 m / min, and the winding speed is 9-25 m / min; the rotation speed of the combing roller is 3200-7800 r / min.

[0024] As a further improvement of the present invention, the tension yarn guide is used to clamp the elastic carbon fiber@basalt fiber composite core yarn, and in conjunction with the output speed, adjusts the tension of the elastic carbon fiber@basalt fiber composite core yarn so that its elongation is 5% to 10%.

[0025] This invention also provides an application of basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarn: elastic intelligent fire-resistant ropes are prepared from the basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarn using a rope braiding machine, and applied in fire protection and military fields; elastic intelligent fire-resistant fabrics are prepared from the basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarn using weft knitting technology, and applied in automotive interiors, aerospace seat covers, and fire rescue blankets; and elastic intelligent fire-resistant fabrics are prepared from the basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarn using a machine weaving process, and applied in fire suits, fireproof suits, and fire blankets.

[0026] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0027] 1. A basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarn of the present invention comprises, from the inside out, an elastic core yarn, a silver-plated filament covering layer, a basalt fiber covering layer, a carbon fiber covering layer, and a flame-retardant fiber covering layer, or using an elastic silicone tube filled with liquid metal as the core yarn, and an outer covering layer of basalt fiber, carbon fiber, and flame-retardant fiber; wherein, the fibers of the silver-plated filament covering layer, the basalt fiber covering layer, and the carbon fiber covering layer are spirally wound on the core yarn, forming a spring-like structure with the core yarn; the resulting basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarn has a breaking elongation of 100% to 200%. This invention overcomes the technical prejudice in the prior art that basalt fiber, due to its high rigidity and brittleness, can only be used as the core yarn in core-spun yarns. Through a specific preparation method, a spring-like structure in which multiple fibers wrap an elastic core yarn is obtained. This composite structure yarn has good elasticity. After further coating its surface with flame-retardant fibers, a smart sensing yarn with good mechanical properties and flame-retardant and heat-insulating effects is formed. When this yarn is applied to smart sensing fabrics, it has high safety and long service life.

[0028] 2. This invention employs a hollow spindle filament coating device to spirally and crosswise wind at least two basalt fibers onto the surface of an elastic composite core yarn. Simultaneously, the input speed of the core yarn, the rotational speed of the hollow spindle, and the diameter of the core yarn are controlled to regulate the pitch of the basalt fibers on the core yarn surface, preventing fiber breakage. In the basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarn with a spring-like structure produced by the hollow spindle filament coating device, the basalt fibers do not undergo self-twisting, only winding twist, avoiding the structural damage caused by basalt fiber self-twisting in existing technologies. This endows the composite core yarn with high strength and high elasticity. Furthermore, the introduction of basalt fibers, while ensuring the carbon fiber's temperature response, avoids the influence of temperature on silver-plated filaments or liquid metal, improving the accuracy of strain sensing by silver-plated filaments or liquid metal. This provides a pathway for preparing yarns with both tensile strain sensing and temperature sensing functions.

[0029] 3. This invention uses a friction-spun elastic carbon fiber@basalt fiber composite core yarn with a spring-like structure to coat flame-retardant fibers. In this way, the composite core yarn will not generate twist during the coating process, so it will not cause any loss to the structure and strength of the basalt fiber. Moreover, by coordinating the tension guide, the rotation speed of the dust cage and the output unit, the tension of the composite core yarn is adjusted, so that the elastic carbon fiber@basalt fiber composite core yarn is coated with flame-retardant fibers in a stretched state. This not only improves the coating effect of flame-retardant fibers, but also reduces the interfacial friction of the composite core yarn, which is conducive to improving the skin contact comfort of the finally prepared basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarn.

[0030] 4. In this invention, when the elastic core yarn is coated with silver-plated filaments, the core yarn is in a slightly stretched state. This allows the silver-plated filaments to tightly wrap around its surface (with a pitch of 0) after the elastic core yarn recovers. When the resulting smart sensing yarn is applied under tension, a gap is created between the silver-plated filaments, achieving tensile strain sensing. Meanwhile, during the basalt fiber winding process, the core yarn is in a natural or slightly tensioned state, which is beneficial for forming a stable spring-like structure after the basalt fiber coats the core yarn. Furthermore, by controlling the rotational speed and direction of the hollow spindle, this invention allows two or more basalt fibers to cross during the winding process on the core yarn surface, achieving cross-coating of the core yarn. This not only comprehensively improves the flame-retardant and heat-insulating properties of the yarn but also enhances its mechanical properties, broadening the application prospects of smart sensing yarns.

[0031] 5. In the basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarn of the present invention, the silver-plated filament coating layer or liquid metal acts as a tensile strain sensor. Utilizing the change in pitch of the silver-plated filaments when the yarn is under stress, or the characteristic that the elastic silicone tube elongates and thins when stretched, the liquid metal changes accordingly, causing a change in resistance and responding to changes in tensile force. The carbon fiber coating layer acts as a temperature sensor; its resistance decreases after heating, responding to temperature and serving as a warning. The basalt fiber coating layer between the silver-plated filament coating layer or liquid metal and the carbon fiber coating layer provides heat insulation and flame retardancy, preventing temperature from affecting the electrical signal changes of the silver-plated filaments or liquid metal, and the basalt fiber increases the overall strength of the composite yarn. The flame-retardant fibers on the surface of the elastic carbon fiber@basalt fiber composite core yarn provide some protection to the yarn in the presence of open flame, provide conditions for the temperature response of the carbon fiber, and also improve the skin contact comfort of the intelligent sensing yarn. Attached Figure Description

[0032] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the preparation method of the basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarn of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarn of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the hollow spindle filament coating device in the preparation method of basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarn of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the friction spinning machine in the method for preparing basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarn of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the elastic composite core yarn roll preparation process and apparatus in another embodiment of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 6 The image shows the basalt fiber-based high-elasticity smart sensing yarn and the fabric prepared using it in Example 1.

[0038] Figure 7 The graph shows the resistance variation of the basalt fiber-based smart sensing yarn in Example 1 at different elongation rates.

[0039] Figure 8 The graph shows the resistance variation of the basalt fiber-based smart sensing yarn in Example 1 at different temperatures.

[0040] Figure 9 The resistance comparison diagram shows the burning and non-burning properties of the basalt fiber-based smart sensing yarn prepared in Example 1.

[0041] Figure 10 Voltage curves of triboelectricity at different frequencies of fabrics prepared using the basalt fiber-based smart sensing yarn of Example 1.

[0042] Figure Labels

[0043] 100-Hollow spindle filament covering device; 110-Feeding mechanism; 111-Feeding guide rod; 112-Feeding roller; 120-Hollow spindle; 121-First hollow spindle; 122-Second hollow spindle; 130-Basalt fiber hollow spindle yarn tube winding; 140-Output mechanism; 141-Output guide rod; 142-Output roller; 150-Winding mechanism; 200-Friction spinning machine; 210-Feeding unit; 211-Yarn guide hole; 212-Tension yarn guide; 220-Dust cage; 231- Drafting mechanism; 232-Splitting roller; 233-Splitting cover plate; 240-Output unit; 241-Yarn feed roller nip; 242-Yarn guide hook; 243-Yarn guide traverse device; 250-Bowl; 260-Core material storage bin; 300-Basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarn; 311-Elastic core yarn; 312-Silver-plated filament coating layer; 313-Elastic silicone tube; 314-Liquid metal; 320-Basalt fiber coating layer; 330-Carbon fiber coating layer; 340-Flame-retardant fiber coating layer. Detailed Implementation

[0044] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0045] It should also be noted that, in order to avoid obscuring the present invention with unnecessary details, only the structures and / or processing steps closely related to the present invention are shown in the accompanying drawings, while other details that are not closely related to the present invention are omitted.

[0046] Additionally, it should be noted that the terms “comprising,” “including,” or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0047] Please see Figure 2As shown, a basalt fiber-based high-elasticity smart sensing yarn 300 comprises, from the inside out, an elastic composite core yarn, a basalt fiber coating layer 320, a carbon fiber coating layer 330, and a flame-retardant fiber coating layer 340. The fibers in the basalt fiber coating layer 320 and the carbon fiber coating layer 330 are spirally wound around the elastic core yarn 340, forming a spring-like structure. The breaking elongation of the basalt fiber-based high-elasticity smart sensing yarn 300 is 100%–200%. This invention overcomes the technical prejudice in the prior art that basalt fiber, due to its high rigidity and brittleness, can only be used as the core yarn in core-spun yarns. Through a specific preparation method, a spring-like structure with multiple fibers wrapping the elastic core yarn is obtained. This composite structure yarn has good elasticity, and the surface is further coated with flame-retardant fibers, improving the yarn's skin contact comfort. Finally, a smart sensing yarn with good mechanical properties and flame-retardant and heat-insulating effects is obtained. When this yarn is applied to smart sensing fabrics, it offers high safety and a long service life.

[0048] Specifically, the elastic composite core yarn is composed of an elastic core yarn 311 covered with a silver-plated filament covering layer 312 or an elastic silicone tube 313 filled with liquid metal 314. The elastic core yarn 311 is made of spandex elastic filament or rubber filament, with a fineness of 15 to 600 denier. The diameter of the elastic silicone tube 313 is 0.1 to 2.0 mm.

[0049] Specifically, in the basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarn 300, the silver-plated filament coating layer 312 or liquid metal 314 plays a role in tensile strain response. This utilizes the change in pitch of the silver-plated filaments when the yarn is under stress, or the characteristic that the elastic silicone tube 313 elongates and thins when stretched. The liquid metal 314 changes accordingly, causing a change in resistance, thus responding to changes in tensile force. The carbon fiber coating layer 330 plays a temperature sensing role; its resistance decreases after heating, responding to temperature and serving as an alert. Meanwhile, the silver-plated filaments... The basalt fiber coating layer 320 between the filament coating layer 312 or liquid metal 314 and the carbon fiber coating layer 330 can play a role in heat insulation and flame retardancy, avoiding the influence of temperature on the electrical signal changes of the silver-plated filament or liquid metal 314, and the basalt fiber increases the overall strength of the composite yarn; while the flame-retardant fibers on the surface of the elastic carbon fiber@basalt fiber composite core yarn can provide a certain degree of protection for the yarn in the presence of open flame, provide conditions for the temperature response of carbon fiber, and also improve the skin contact comfort of the smart sensing yarn.

[0050] Specifically, the linear density of the basalt fiber is 8 tex to 50 tex, and the number of basalt fibers spirally wound on the surface of the elastic silver-plated filament composite core yarn or liquid metal composite core yarn (i.e., elastic composite core yarn) is 2 to 8. It should be noted that the specification of the basalt fiber cannot be too fine or too coarse. Basalt fibers that are too fine are prone to breakage during the winding process, while basalt fibers that are too coarse make it difficult for the elastic silver-plated filament composite core yarn to be supported, making it difficult to form a spiral structure of basalt fiber covering the elastic core yarn.

[0051] More specifically, the raw materials for the flame-retardant fiber coating layer 340 include one or more of flame-retardant nylon, aramid, flame-retardant viscose, polyimide fiber, or seaweed fiber. The liquid metal includes one of gallium-indium alloy and indium-tin alloy.

[0052] In actual production, when spandex elastic filaments or rubber filaments are used as the elastic core yarn 311, the small diameter of these filaments can easily burden the winding of basalt fibers. Therefore, it is necessary to adjust the input speed of the elastic silver-plated filament composite core yarn (increase) and the rotation speed of the first hollow spindle 121 and the second hollow spindle 122 (decrease) to adjust the pitch of the basalt fibers on the surface of the composite core yarn, preventing breakage of the basalt fibers. Simultaneously, increasing the amount of basalt fibers covering the surface ensures the coating effect and prevents core leakage. When using an elastic silicone tube 313 filled with liquid metal 314 as the composite core yarn, the input speed of the elastic silicone tube 313 can be slowed down, and the rotation speed of the hollow spindle 120 can be increased to better coat the surface of the silver-plated filament composite core yarn with the basalt fibers.

[0053] Please see Figure 1 As shown, the present invention also provides a method for preparing a basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarn 300. A hollow spindle filament covering device 100 is used to sequentially spirally wrap basalt fiber and carbon fiber onto the surface of an elastic composite core yarn, forming a spring-like structure of elastic carbon fiber@basalt fiber composite core yarn. Then, flame-retardant fibers are coated onto the surface of the elastic carbon fiber@basalt fiber composite core yarn using a friction spinning method to obtain the basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarn 300. When the basalt fiber and carbon fiber are wrapped, the core yarn is in a natural or slightly tensioned state, with the slightly tensioned state having an elongation rate of 1% to 5%.

[0054] Please see Figure 1 As shown, the preparation method of basalt fiber-based high-elasticity smart sensing yarn 300 specifically includes the following steps:

[0055] S1. The elastic core yarn 311 unwound from the yarn tube is fed into the hollow yarn channel of the hollow spindle 120 in a stretched state via the feeding mechanism 110 of the hollow spindle filament covering device 100. The silver-plated filament unwound from the silver-plated filament hollow spindle yarn tube package inserted on the outer surface of the hollow spindle 120 enters the hollow yarn channel and intersects with the elastic core yarn 311 in the hollow yarn channel. Under the high-speed rotation of the silver-plated filament hollow spindle yarn tube package driven by the hollow spindle 120, the silver-plated filament wraps around the surface of the elastic core yarn 311 to form a spring-like structure. Then it is output through the output mechanism 140 and wound by the winding mechanism 150 to obtain the elastic composite core yarn package. When the elastic core yarn 312 is in a stretched state, its elongation is 10% to 100%.

[0056] Or such as Figure 5 As shown, a syringe containing liquid metal 314 is inserted into the opening of the elastic silicone tube 313 that has been unwound from the yarn tube, and then the liquid metal 314 is injected into the interior of the elastic silicone tube 313 by a digital injection pump. After winding, an elastic composite core yarn roll is obtained.

[0057] S2. The elastic composite core yarn unwound from the elastic composite core yarn package is fed into the upper hollow yarn path channel of the first hollow spindle 121 through the feeding mechanism 110 of the hollow spindle filament covering device 100. The basalt fiber unwound from the basalt fiber hollow spindle yarn tube package 130 inserted on the outer surface of the first hollow spindle 121 enters the upper hollow yarn path channel and intersects with the elastic composite core yarn in the upper hollow yarn path channel. Under the high-speed rotation of the basalt fiber hollow spindle yarn tube package 130 driven by the first hollow spindle 121, the basalt fiber is wound in the forward direction on the surface of the elastic composite core yarn, forming a unidirectional basalt fiber wrapped elastic composite core yarn. After the unidirectional basalt fiber wrapped elastic composite core yarn is output from the upper hollow yarn path channel, it enters the second hollow spindle 12. Basalt fibers unwound from the basalt fiber hollow spindle yarn tube roll 130, which is inserted on the outer surface of the second hollow spindle 122, enter the lower hollow yarn channel and intersect with the basalt fiber unidirectionally wrapped elastic composite core yarn in the lower hollow yarn channel. Under the high-speed rotation of the basalt fiber hollow spindle yarn tube roll 130 driven by the second hollow spindle 122, the basalt fibers reverse-wind around the surface of the basalt fiber unidirectionally wrapped elastic composite core yarn, forming a spring-like structure of basalt fiber cross-wrap elastic composite core yarn. The basalt fiber cross-wrap elastic composite core yarn passes through the lower hollow yarn channel, and is then output by the output mechanism 140 and wound by the winding mechanism 150, finally forming an elastic basalt fiber composite core yarn roll.

[0058] S3. The elastic basalt fiber composite core yarn unwound from the elastic basalt fiber composite core yarn package is fed again from the feeding mechanism 110 of the hollow spindle filament covering device 100 into the hollow yarn channel of the hollow spindle 120. The carbon fiber unwound from the carbon fiber hollow spindle yarn tube package inserted on the outer surface of the hollow spindle 120 enters the hollow yarn channel and intersects with the elastic basalt fiber composite core yarn in the hollow yarn channel. Under the high-speed rotation of the carbon fiber hollow spindle yarn tube package driven by the hollow spindle 120, the carbon fiber wraps around the surface of the elastic basalt fiber composite core yarn to form a spring-like structure. Then it is output through the output mechanism 140 and wound by the winding mechanism 150 to obtain the elastic carbon fiber@basalt fiber composite core yarn package.

[0059] S4. The elastic carbon fiber@basalt fiber composite core yarn roll obtained in step S3 is placed in the core material storage bin 260 of the friction spinning machine 200. The elastic carbon fiber@basalt fiber composite core yarn unwound from the elastic carbon fiber@basalt fiber composite core yarn roll is fed into the wedge-shaped groove formed by a pair of dust cages 220 rotating in the same direction through the yarn guide hole 211 and tension yarn guide 212 of the feeding unit 210 of the friction spinning machine 200. At the same time, the flame-retardant fiber strip passes sequentially through the drafting mechanism 220 in the friction spinning machine 200. After being drawn and combed by the 232 carding roller, flame-retardant fiber slivers are formed. The flame-retardant fiber slivers enter the wedge groove through the fiber feeding channel and merge with the elastic carbon fiber@basalt fiber composite core yarn. Under the action of the surfaces of the two dust cages 220 rotating in the same direction, the flame-retardant fiber slivers obtain upward and downward frictional forces on both sides, respectively, which causes the flame-retardant fiber slivers to wrap around the surface of the elastic carbon fiber@basalt fiber composite core yarn, forming a basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarn. Finally, it is output through the output unit 240 and wound onto the drum 250.

[0060] In this invention, when the elastic core yarn 311 is coated with silver-plated filaments 312, the core yarn is in a slightly stretched state. This allows the silver-plated filaments 312 to tightly wrap around the surface of the elastic core yarn 311 after it recovers (with a pitch of 0). When the resulting intelligent sensing yarn is applied and subjected to tension, a gap is created between the silver-plated filaments 312 and the filaments, thus achieving strain sensing. Meanwhile, during the basalt fiber winding process, the core yarn is in a natural or slightly tensioned state, which is beneficial for the formation of a stable spring-like structure after the basalt fiber coats the core yarn.

[0061] Please see Figure 3As shown, this invention uses a hollow spindle filament coating device 100 to spirally and crosswise wind at least two basalt fibers onto the surface of an elastic composite core yarn. Simultaneously, the input speed of the core yarn, the rotational speed of the hollow spindle 120, and the diameter of the core yarn are controlled to regulate the pitch of the basalt fibers on the core yarn surface, thus preventing fiber breakage. In the basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarn 300 with a spring-like structure produced by the hollow spindle filament coating device 100, the basalt fibers do not undergo self-twisting, only winding twist, avoiding the structural damage caused by basalt fiber self-twisting in existing technologies. This endows the composite core yarn with high strength and high elasticity. Furthermore, the introduction of basalt fibers, while ensuring the carbon fiber's temperature response, avoids the influence of temperature on the silver-plated filament 312 or liquid metal 314, improving the accuracy of strain sensing by the silver-plated filament 312 or liquid metal 314. This provides a pathway for preparing yarns with both tensile strain sensing and temperature sensing functions.

[0062] Specifically, in step S1, the rotational speed of the silver-plated filament hollow spindle tube is 3000–4500 r / min; in step S2, the rotational speed of the first hollow spindle 121 is 2800–3200 r / min, and the rotational speed of the second hollow spindle 122 is 2300–2800 r / min; in step S3, the rotational speed of the carbon fiber hollow spindle tube is 800–2000 r / min. By controlling the rotational speed of the hollow spindle tube 130 in each step, the unwinding speed of the silver-plated filament, basalt fiber, and carbon fiber is controlled, that is, the winding speed of each fiber around the core yarn is controlled, so as to achieve the best winding and covering effect.

[0063] This invention controls the rotation speed and direction of the first hollow spindle 121 and the second hollow spindle 122, causing two or more basalt fibers to cross during the winding process on the surface of the elastic composite core yarn. This achieves cross-wrapping of the core yarn, which not only comprehensively improves the flame retardant and heat insulation performance of the yarn, but also enhances its mechanical properties, giving the yarn a better application prospect.

[0064] In some specific embodiments, during the coating process of silver-plated filaments and carbon fibers, the first hollow spindle 121 and / or the second hollow spindle 122 of the hollow spindle filament coating device 100 can be selected to work according to the number of fibers to be coated. In principle, a continuous fiber is wrapped around the surface of the hollow spindle yarn tube on a hollow spindle 120.

[0065] Specifically, in step S1, the feeding mechanism 110 includes a feeding guide rod 111 and a feeding roller 112 arranged sequentially along the yarn input direction. The yarn feeding speed through the feeding mechanism 110 is 1.5 to 30 m / min. The output mechanism 140 includes an output guide rod 141 and an output roller 142 arranged sequentially along the yarn conveying direction. The yarn output speed through the output mechanism 140 is 1.5 to 30 m / min. It should be noted that the present invention achieves the sequential coating of silver-plated filament, basalt fiber, and carbon fiber onto the elastic core yarn 312 through the hollow spindle filament coating device 100. After coating one type of fiber, it is wound onto the yarn tube, then re-input into the feeding mechanism 110, passes through the hollow spindle 120, and then the next type of fiber is coated until a composite yarn with an elastic composite core yarn as the core layer and a coating layer consisting of a basalt fiber coating layer 320 and a carbon fiber coating layer 330 from the inside out is obtained. If more than two basalt fibers need to be coated, they are repeatedly fed into the hollow spindle filament coating device 100 to coat multiple basalt fibers. Furthermore, by controlling the rotational speeds of the feed roller 112 and the output roller 142, the silver-plated filament composite core yarn is kept in a basically natural or slightly tensioned state during the basalt winding process, which is beneficial to the stability of the spring-like structure formed after the basalt fiber coating of the core yarn.

[0066] In step S2, the present invention uses friction spinning to coat the flame-retardant fibers onto a spring-like elastic carbon fiber@basalt fiber composite core yarn. In this method, the composite core yarn does not generate twist during the coating process, thus not damaging the structure and strength of the basalt fiber. Through the synergistic cooperation of the hollow spindle filament coating device 100 and friction spinning, a yarn with a composite structure is produced. This yarn not only simultaneously possesses tensile and temperature sensing functions, but also exhibits thermal insulation properties due to the addition of basalt fiber. Furthermore, it possesses the elastic properties lacking in existing basalt fibers and basalt composite fibers, and exhibits high elasticity.

[0067] Please see Figure 4As shown, the feeding unit 210 includes a yarn guide hole 211 and a tension yarn guide 212 arranged sequentially along the input direction of the elastic carbon fiber@basalt fiber composite core yarn. The tension yarn guide 212 is used to adjust the tension of the elastic carbon fiber@basalt fiber composite core yarn in conjunction with the output speed, so that its elongation is 5% to 10%. The rotation speed of the two dust cages 220 is 3800 to 9200 r / min, the output speed of the basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarn 300 is 6 to 23 m / min, and the winding speed is 9 to 25 m / min. Thus, by adjusting the rotation speed of the tension guide 212 and the dust cage 220 in coordination with the output unit 240, the tension of the composite core yarn is adjusted, so that the basalt fiber-based high elastic intelligent sensing yarn 300 is coated with flame-retardant fibers in a slightly stretched state. This improves the coating effect of the flame-retardant fibers, reduces the interfacial friction of the composite core yarn, and helps to improve the skin contact comfort of the finally prepared basalt fiber-based high elastic intelligent sensing yarn 300.

[0068] Specifically, the combing roller 232 is further equipped with a combing cover plate 233 that wraps around it. After the flame-retardant fiber sliver is drawn by the roller drawing machine 231, it is fed into the combing roller 232 and combed into flame-retardant fiber slivers. Under the action of suction, the flame-retardant fiber slivers enter the wedge-shaped grooves formed by the two dust cages 220. The rotational speed of the combing roller 232 is 3200-7800 r / min. In actual production, the feeding speed of the flame-retardant fiber varies according to the diameter of the elastic carbon fiber@basalt fiber composite core yarn, and the feeding speed increases with the increase of the composite core yarn diameter.

[0069] More specifically, the output and take-up of the basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarn 300 are accomplished by the output unit 240 and the drum 250, respectively. The output unit 240 includes a yarn feeding roller nip 241, a yarn guide hook 242, and a yarn guide traverse device 243. The yarn feeding roller nip 241 is located on the side of the dust cage 220, and the yarn guide traverse device 243 is located below the second take-up drum 250. The yarn guide traverse device 243 supports the yarn guide hook 242, enabling the lateral movement of the yarn guide hook 242. The yarn output from the dust cage 220 is directly fed into the yarn feeding roller nip 241, passes through the yarn guide hook 242, and is wound onto the drum 250 to complete the take-up process.

[0070] In some specific implementations, the elastic carbon fiber@basalt fiber composite core yarn needs to be wound onto the winding mechanism 150, and then placed on the core material storage bin 260 of the friction spinning machine 200 before being fed into the friction spinning machine 200 for subsequent coating with flame-retardant fibers.

[0071] In some specific embodiments, the basalt fiber hollow spindle yarn tube roll 130 is obtained by winding basalt fiber with Z-twist or S-twist into the hollow spindle yarn tube by the winding device of the hollow spindle filament covering device 100, and then installing it on the hollow spindle 120.

[0072] In some specific embodiments, the yarn tube rolls obtained in steps S1 and S2 need to be resuspended on the top yarn rack of the hollow spindle filament covering device 100 for subsequent fiber winding.

[0073] This invention utilizes a hollow spindle filament coating device 100 to spirally wind basalt fiber and carbon fiber onto the core yarn, forming a highly elastic spring-like structure. A friction spinning machine 200 is then used to coat the surface of the composite core yarn with flame-retardant fibers, ultimately producing an intelligent sensing yarn with good mechanical properties and flame-retardant and heat-insulating effects. Furthermore, the basalt fiber in the intelligent sensing yarn is free of self-twisting and has a complete structure, overcoming the defects of existing basalt fiber fabrics in weaving and application.

[0074] This invention also provides an application of basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarn. The yarn is prepared into elastic intelligent fire-resistant rope using a rope braiding machine, and applied in fire protection and military fields. It is also prepared into elastic intelligent fire-resistant fabric using weft knitting technology, and applied in automotive interiors, aerospace seat covers, and fire rescue blankets. Furthermore, it is prepared into elastic intelligent fire-resistant fabric using machine weaving technology, and applied in fire suits, fireproof suits, and fire blankets.

[0075] Example 1

[0076] This embodiment provides a method for preparing a basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarn. The elastic composite core yarn is composed of 600 denier spandex elastic filaments coated with silver-plated filament 312. The basalt fiber is 25 tex, and the flame-retardant fiber is made of flame-retardant nylon. The specific steps include:

[0077] S1. The spandex elastic filament unwound from the yarn tube is fed into the hollow yarn channel of the hollow spindle 120 via the feeding mechanism 110 of the hollow spindle filament covering device 100. The silver-plated filament 312 unwound from the silver-plated filament hollow spindle yarn tube package inserted on the outer surface of the hollow spindle 120 enters the hollow yarn channel and intersects with the spandex elastic filament in the hollow yarn channel. Under the high-speed rotation of the silver-plated filament hollow spindle yarn tube package driven by the hollow spindle 120, the silver-plated filament wraps around the surface of the spandex elastic filament to form a spring-like structure. Then it is output through the output mechanism 140 and wound by the winding mechanism 150 to obtain an elastic composite core yarn package.

[0078] Among them, the first hollow spindle 121 in the hollow spindle 120 rotates at 3500 r / min, the second hollow spindle 122 does not work, the feeding roller 112 in the feeding mechanism 110 rotates at 0.8 r / min, and the output roller 142 in the output mechanism 140 rotates at 1.2 r / min, so that the elongation of the spandex elastic filament is 50%.

[0079] S2. The elastic composite core yarn unwound from the elastic composite core yarn package is fed into the upper hollow yarn path channel of the first hollow spindle 121 through the feeding mechanism 110 of the hollow spindle filament covering device 100. The basalt fiber unwound from the basalt fiber hollow spindle yarn tube package 130 inserted on the outer surface of the first hollow spindle 121 enters the upper hollow yarn path channel and intersects with the elastic composite core yarn in the upper hollow yarn path channel. Under the high-speed rotation of the basalt fiber hollow spindle yarn tube package 130 driven by the first hollow spindle 121, the basalt fiber is wound in the forward direction on the surface of the elastic composite core yarn, forming a unidirectional basalt fiber wrapped elastic composite core yarn. After the unidirectional basalt fiber wrapped elastic composite core yarn is output from the upper hollow yarn path channel, it enters the second hollow spindle 12. Basalt fibers unwound from the basalt fiber hollow spindle yarn tube roll 130, which is inserted on the outer surface of the second hollow spindle 122, enter the lower hollow yarn channel and intersect with the basalt fiber unidirectionally wrapped elastic composite core yarn in the lower hollow yarn channel. Under the high-speed rotation of the basalt fiber hollow spindle yarn tube roll 130 driven by the second hollow spindle 122, the basalt fibers reverse-wind around the surface of the basalt fiber unidirectionally wrapped elastic composite core yarn, forming a spring-like structure of basalt fiber cross-wrap elastic composite core yarn. The basalt fiber cross-wrap elastic composite core yarn passes through the lower hollow yarn channel, and is then output by the output mechanism 140 and wound by the winding mechanism 150, finally forming an elastic basalt fiber composite core yarn roll.

[0080] The first hollow spindle 121 rotates at 3000 m / min, and the second hollow spindle 122 rotates at 2500 m / min. Two basalt fibers are cross-wrapped on the surface of the composite core yarn. The feed speed of the elastic composite core yarn is 2 m / min, and the output speed is 2.5 m / min.

[0081] S3. The elastic basalt fiber composite core yarn unwound from the elastic basalt fiber composite core yarn package is fed again from the feeding mechanism 110 of the hollow spindle filament covering device 100 into the hollow yarn channel of the hollow spindle 120. The carbon fiber unwound from the carbon fiber hollow spindle yarn tube package inserted on the outer surface of the hollow spindle 120 enters the hollow yarn channel and intersects with the elastic basalt fiber composite core yarn in the hollow yarn channel. Under the high-speed rotation of the carbon fiber hollow spindle yarn tube package driven by the hollow spindle 120, the carbon fiber wraps around the surface of the elastic basalt fiber composite core yarn to form a spring-like structure. Then it is output through the output mechanism 140 and wound by the winding mechanism 150 to obtain the elastic carbon fiber@basalt fiber composite core yarn package.

[0082] The first hollow spindle 121 rotates at 1500 r / min, the second hollow spindle 122 is not working, the input speed of the elastic basalt fiber composite core yarn is 2 m / min, and the output speed is 2.3 m / min.

[0083] S4. The elastic carbon fiber@basalt fiber composite core yarn roll obtained in step S3 is placed in the core material storage bin 260 of the friction spinning machine 200. The elastic carbon fiber@basalt fiber composite core yarn unwound from the elastic carbon fiber@basalt fiber composite core yarn roll is fed into the wedge-shaped groove formed by a pair of dust cages 220 rotating in the same direction through the yarn guide hole 211 and tension yarn guide 212 of the feeding unit 210 of the friction spinning machine 200. At the same time, the flame-retardant fiber strip passes sequentially through the drafting mechanism 23 in the friction spinning machine 200. 1. After being combed by the drawing and combing rollers 232, flame-retardant fiber slivers are formed. The flame-retardant fiber slivers enter the wedge groove through the fiber feeding channel and merge with the elastic carbon fiber@basalt fiber composite core yarn. Under the action of the surfaces of the two dust cages 220 rotating in the same direction, the flame-retardant fiber slivers obtain upward and downward frictional forces on both sides respectively, which causes the flame-retardant fiber slivers to wrap around the surface of the elastic carbon fiber@basalt fiber composite core yarn, forming a basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarn. Finally, it is output through the output unit 240 and wound onto the drum 250.

[0084] In the output unit 240, the speed of the yarn feeding roller nip 241 is 7 m / min, the winding speed is 10 m / min, and the elongation of the elastic carbon fiber@basalt fiber composite core yarn is 10% by adjusting the clamping force of the tension yarn guide 212 on the composite core yarn; the rotation speed of the combing roller 232 is 3500 r / min, and the rotation speed of the dust cage 220 is 4000 r / min.

[0085] Please see Figure 6 As shown, Figure 6The image shows the basalt fiber-based high-elasticity smart sensing yarn and the fabric prepared using it in Example 1. As can be seen from the image, the basalt fiber-based high-elasticity smart sensing yarn has a uniform structure, good covering effect, and good weaving performance. Furthermore, no core leakage or basalt fiber breakage was observed after the fabric was prepared.

[0086] Please see Figure 7 The figure shows the relative resistance changes of the basalt fiber-based smart sensing yarn in Example 1 at different elongation rates. As can be seen from the figure, the smart sensing yarn exhibits different resistance changes at different elongation rates; the greater the elongation, the greater the relative resistance.

[0087] Please see Figure 8 The figure shows the resistance variation of the basalt fiber-based smart sensing yarn of Example 1 at different temperatures. As can be seen from the figure, the resistance value of the smart sensing yarn gradually decreases with increasing temperature. This is because the resistance of the carbon fiber coating layer decreases due to the temperature effect; indicating that the smart sensing yarn of this embodiment can respond promptly to fire situations.

[0088] Please see Figure 9 The figure shows a comparison of the resistance of the yarn prepared in Example 1 when it is burning and when it is not burning. It can be seen from the figure that the resistance of the yarn increases after burning, indicating that the smart sensing yarn has temperature response performance.

[0089] Please see Figure 10 The figure shows the voltage curves of triboelectricity at different frequencies of the fabric prepared using the yarn of Example 1. As can be seen from the figure, this smart sensing fabric possesses energy harvesting and self-powering capabilities in the working environment.

[0090] Comparative Example 1

[0091] Comparative Example 1 provides a method for preparing pure basalt fibers, which are made by drawing basalt material in a molten state through holes in a platinum-rhodium alloy plate, with a linear density of 25 tex.

[0092] Comparative Example 2

[0093] Comparative Example 2 provides a method for preparing intelligent sensing yarn. Compared with Example 1, the difference is that step S2 is not performed, that is, the surface of the silver-plated filament composite core yarn is directly coated with carbon fiber and then coated with flame-retardant fiber. The rest is roughly the same as Example 1, and will not be described again here.

[0094] Comparative Example 3

[0095] Comparative Example 3 provides a method for preparing basalt fiber-based smart sensing yarn. Compared with Example 1, the difference is that in step S1, a ring spinning machine is used to twist basalt fiber and elastic composite core yarn together. The rest is roughly the same as in Example 1, and will not be repeated here.

[0096] Comparative Example 4

[0097] Comparative Example 4 provides a method for preparing basalt fiber-based smart sensing yarn. Compared with Example 1, the difference is that in step S2, the feed speed of the elastic composite core yarn is 30 m / min, the output speed is 35 m / min, the rotation speed of the first hollow spindle 121 is 2800 r / min, and the rotation speed of the second hollow spindle 122 is 2300 r / min. The rest is roughly the same as in Example 1, and will not be repeated here.

[0098] The yarns prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-4 were tested for strength, elongation at break, flame retardancy, and sensing properties. The flame retardancy was characterized by burning the yarn with an open flame and measuring the time from burning to breakage. The sensing properties were measured by the temperature sensing resistance value R0 and the tensile strength sensing resistance value R1 of the yarn in its natural state at room temperature; and the temperature sensing resistance value R2 and the tensile strength sensing resistance value R3 of the yarn when the temperature was increased by 200°C and the elongation was 20%. The results are shown in Table 1 below.

[0099] Table 1. Performance test results of the yarns prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-4

[0100]

[0101] As shown in Table 1, Example 1 has good flame retardancy, high temperature resistance and sensing performance; the basalt fiber in Comparative Example 1 has no elasticity and poor tensile strength; the high temperature resistance and flame retardancy in Comparative Example 2 are poor and the inner silver-plated filaments are easily damaged; the tensile sensing performance of Comparative Example 3 deteriorates; and the yarn elasticity and heat insulation and flame retardancy performance of Comparative Example 4 deteriorate.

[0102] Example 2

[0103] This embodiment provides a method for preparing a basalt fiber-based high-elasticity smart sensing yarn. Compared with Embodiment 1, the difference is that in step S1, a syringe containing liquid metal is installed on a digital injection pump, and then gallium-indium alloy liquid metal is slowly injected into an elastic silicone tube with a diameter of 0.5 mm to obtain a liquid metal composite core yarn. The remaining steps are the same as in Embodiment 1 and will not be repeated here.

[0104] Example 3

[0105] This embodiment provides a method for preparing a basalt fiber-based high-elasticity smart sensing yarn. The difference from Embodiment 2 is that step S2 is repeated twice with the obtained elastic carbon fiber@basalt fiber composite core yarn, that is, four basalt fibers are coated on the surface of the elastic core yarn. The rest is roughly the same as in Embodiment 2, and will not be described again here.

[0106] Example 4

[0107] This embodiment provides a method for preparing a basalt fiber-based high-elasticity smart sensing yarn. The difference from Embodiment 2 is that step S2 is repeated three times with the obtained elastic carbon fiber@basalt fiber composite core yarn, that is, 6 basalt fibers are coated on the surface of the elastic core yarn. The rest is roughly the same as in Embodiment 2, and will not be described again here.

[0108] Comparative Example 5

[0109] Comparative Example 5 provides a method for preparing flame-retardant basalt core-spun yarn. The difference from Example 2 is that the basalt fiber is 75 tex, while the rest is roughly the same as in Example 2, and will not be repeated here.

[0110] The yarns prepared in Examples 2-4 and Comparative Example 5 were tested for breaking elongation, flame retardancy, and resistance of the tensile sensor after combustion. The flame retardancy was characterized by burning the yarn with an open flame and the time from burning to breaking was used as the indicator. The results are shown in Table 2 below.

[0111] Table 2 shows the performance test results of the yarns prepared in Examples 2-4 and Comparative Example 5.

[0112] Elongation at break (%) Yarn flame retardant test / s Resistance R / Ω after combustion Example 2 225.3 5.3 42.3 Example 3 196.1 5.8 41.2 Example 4 154.3 6.5 42.6 Comparative Example 5 163.2 3.1 73.5

[0113] As shown in Table 2, in Examples 2-4, the elongation at break gradually decreased with the increase of the number of basalt fibers wrapped around the yarn, but the flame retardant performance gradually improved. In actual production, the yarn and preparation parameters can be selected according to application requirements. The yarn strength changes with the number of the outer basalt fiber, and the flame retardant performance increases with the increase of the basalt fiber number. However, in Comparative Example 5, 75tex basalt fiber was used, and the basalt fiber broke during the coating process, making it difficult to obtain a good basalt fiber-coated silicone tube elastic composite yarn. Therefore, its strength and flame retardant performance were poor.

[0114] In summary, this invention provides a basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarn, its preparation method, and its application. From the inside out, it comprises an elastic composite core yarn, a basalt fiber coating layer, a carbon fiber coating layer, and a flame-retardant fiber coating layer. The fibers of the basalt fiber coating layer and the carbon fiber coating layer are spirally wound onto the elastic composite core yarn, forming a highly elastic spring-like structure. This invention uses a hollow spindle filament coating device to spirally wind silver-plated filaments, basalt fibers, and carbon fibers onto the surface of the elastic core yarn, resulting in a multi-layered spring-like composite structure. Furthermore, the basalt fibers do not undergo self-twisting, avoiding breakage and overcoming the structural damage caused by basalt fiber self-twisting in existing technologies. This imparts high strength and high elasticity to the composite core yarn. Additionally, friction spinning is used for the flame-retardant fiber coating. In this method, the composite core yarn does not generate twist during the coating process, thus not causing any loss to the structure and strength of the basalt fibers. This invention overcomes the technical prejudice that basalt fibers, due to their high rigidity and brittleness, can only be used as core yarns in core-spun yarns. Through the synergistic cooperation of a hollow spindle filament covering device and friction spinning, a spring-like structure is obtained in which various fibers wrap the elastic core yarn, forming an intelligent sensing yarn with good mechanical properties, high elasticity, and strong flame retardant and heat insulation properties. This intelligent sensing yarn has the performance of responding to tensile strain and temperature, thus broadening the application prospects of intelligent sensing yarns.

[0115] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarn, characterized in that, The yarn comprises, from the inside out, an elastic composite core yarn, a basalt fiber coating layer, a carbon fiber coating layer, and a flame-retardant fiber coating layer. The fibers in the basalt fiber coating layer and the carbon fiber coating layer are spirally wound around the elastic composite core yarn, forming a spring-like structure. The linear density of the basalt fiber is 8 tex to 50 tex, and the number of spirally wound basalt fibers is 2 to 8. The breaking elongation of the basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarn is 100% to 200%. The preparation method of the basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarn includes the following steps: Basalt fiber and carbon fiber are sequentially spirally wrapped around the surface of the elastic composite core yarn using a hollow spindle filament wrapping device to form a spring-like elastic carbon fiber@basalt fiber composite core yarn. Then, flame-retardant fiber is coated onto the surface of the elastic carbon fiber@basalt fiber composite core yarn by friction spinning to obtain a basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarn. When the basalt fiber and carbon fiber are wrapped, the core yarn is in a natural or slightly tensioned state. The step of spirally wrapping basalt fibers onto the surface of the elastic composite core yarn using a hollow spindle filament covering device includes: feeding the elastic composite core yarn into the feeding mechanism of the hollow spindle filament covering device, and sequentially passing through the upper hollow yarn channel of the first hollow spindle and the lower hollow yarn channel of the second hollow spindle. Both the first and second hollow spindles have basalt fiber hollow spindle yarn tubes on their outer surfaces. The first and second hollow spindles drive the basalt fiber hollow spindle yarn tubes to rotate at high speed, and the basalt fibers unwound from the two basalt fiber hollow spindle yarn tubes are sequentially wound around the surface of the elastic composite core yarn in the forward and reverse directions, forming a spring-like basalt fiber cross-wrap elastic composite core yarn. The rotation speed of the first hollow spindle is 3000~3200 r / min, and the rotation speed of the second hollow spindle is 2500~2800 r / min.

2. The basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarn according to claim 1, characterized in that, The elastic composite core yarn is composed of a silver-plated filament coating layer on the surface of the elastic core yarn or a liquid metal filling the interior of an elastic silicone tube. The elastic core yarn is spandex elastic filament or rubber filament, the fineness of which is 15~600 denier, and the diameter of which is 0.1~2.0 mm.

3. The basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarn according to claim 2, characterized in that, The liquid metal includes one of gallium-indium alloy and indium-tin alloy; the raw material of the flame-retardant fiber coating layer includes one or more of flame-retardant nylon, aramid, flame-retardant viscose, polyimide fiber or seaweed fiber.

4. The basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarn according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation method of the basalt fiber-based high-elasticity smart sensing yarn includes the following steps: S1. The elastic core yarn unwound from the yarn tube is fed into the hollow yarn channel of the hollow spindle in a stretched state through the feeding mechanism of the hollow spindle filament covering device. The silver-plated filament unwound from the silver-plated filament hollow spindle yarn tube package inserted on the outer surface of the hollow spindle enters the hollow yarn channel and intersects with the elastic core yarn in the hollow yarn channel. Under the high-speed rotation of the hollow spindle and the silver-plated filament hollow spindle yarn tube package, the silver-plated filament is wound around the surface of the elastic core yarn to form a spring-like structure. Then, it is output through the output mechanism and wound by the winding mechanism to obtain an elastic composite core yarn package. When the elastic core yarn is in a stretched state, its elongation is 10%~100%. Alternatively, a syringe containing liquid metal can be inserted into the opening of an elastic silicone tube unwound from a yarn tube, and then the liquid metal can be injected into the interior of the elastic silicone tube using a digital injection pump. After winding, an elastic composite core yarn roll is obtained. S2. The elastic composite core yarn unwound from the elastic composite core yarn roll is input from the feeding mechanism of the hollow spindle filament covering device, and passes sequentially through the upper hollow yarn passage of the first hollow spindle and the lower hollow yarn passage of the second hollow spindle. The outer surfaces of the first and second hollow spindles are provided with basalt fiber hollow spindle yarn tube rolls. The first and second hollow spindles drive the basalt fiber hollow spindle yarn tube rolls to rotate at high speed, and the basalt fibers unwound from the two basalt fiber hollow spindle yarn tube rolls are wound sequentially in the forward and reverse directions on the surface of the elastic composite core yarn to form a spring-like structure of basalt fiber cross-wrap elastic composite core yarn. Then, it is output by the output mechanism and wound by the winding mechanism to finally form an elastic basalt fiber composite core yarn roll. S3. The composite core yarn unwound from the elastic basalt fiber composite core yarn package is fed again into the hollow yarn channel of the hollow spindle through the feeding mechanism of the hollow spindle filament covering device, and the same process as the silver-plated filament winding on the surface of the elastic core yarn in step S1 is performed. The carbon fiber unwound from the carbon fiber hollow spindle yarn tube is wound on the surface of the composite core yarn to form a spring-like structure. Then it is output through the output mechanism and wound by the winding mechanism to obtain the elastic carbon fiber@basalt fiber composite core yarn package. S4. The elastic carbon fiber@basalt fiber composite core yarn roll obtained in step S3 is placed in the core material storage bin of the friction spinning machine. The elastic carbon fiber@basalt fiber composite core yarn unwound from the roll is fed into the wedge-shaped groove formed by a pair of dust cages rotating in the same direction through the yarn guide hole and tension yarn guide of the feeding unit of the friction spinning machine. At the same time, the flame-retardant fiber strip is sequentially drafted by the drafting mechanism of the friction spinning machine and combed by the combing roller to form a flame-retardant fiber sliver. The flame-retardant fiber sliver enters the wedge-shaped groove through the fiber conveying channel and merges with the elastic carbon fiber@basalt fiber composite core yarn. Under the action of the surfaces of the two dust cages rotating in the same direction, the flame-retardant fiber sliver obtains upward and downward frictional forces on both sides, respectively, causing the flame-retardant fiber sliver to wrap around the surface of the elastic carbon fiber@basalt fiber composite core yarn to form a basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarn. Finally, it is output through the output unit and wound onto a drum.

5. The basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarn according to claim 4, characterized in that, In step S1, the rotational speed of the silver-plated filament hollow spindle tube winding is 3000~4500 r / min; in step S3, the rotational speed of the carbon fiber hollow spindle tube winding is 800~2000 r / min.

6. The basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarn according to claim 4, characterized in that, The feeding mechanism includes a feeding guide rod and a feeding roller arranged sequentially along the yarn input direction, and the yarn feeding speed through the feeding mechanism is 1.5~30 m / min.

7. The basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarn according to claim 4, characterized in that, The output mechanism includes an output guide rod and an output roller arranged sequentially along the yarn conveying direction; the output speed of the yarn through the output mechanism is 1.5~30 m / min.

8. The basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarn according to claim 4, characterized in that, In step S4, the rotation speed of the two dust cages is 3800~9200 r / min, the output speed of the basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarn is 6~23 m / min, and the winding speed is 9~25 m / min; the rotation speed of the combing roller is 3200~7800 r / min.

9. The application of a basalt fiber-based high-elasticity smart sensing yarn according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, Elastic intelligent fireproof ropes are prepared from basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarns using a rope braiding machine, and applied in fire protection and military fields; elastic intelligent fireproof fabrics are prepared from basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarns using weft knitting technology, and applied in automotive interiors, aerospace seat covers, and fire rescue blankets; elastic intelligent fireproof fabrics are prepared from basalt fiber-based high-elasticity intelligent sensing yarns using a machine weaving process, and applied in fire suits, fireproof suits, and fire blankets.

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