Multi-type diapir structure supergravity physical simulation experiment device and experiment method

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of multi-class diapir structure supergravity physical simulation experimental device and experimental method.Test area bottom plate and base plate are connected by base, test area shell is set on test area bottom plate, diapir core material injection system is installed on base plate, test area shell is the frame surrounded by side wall board and curved surface table, removable rigid partition can divide into three sub-test areas, the bottom of each sub-test area has a material injection port, each corresponds a set of independent material injection system, movable piston is arranged in material injection system, drive system can control the injection rate of material, method includes selecting simulation material, injecting simulation material into material cavity, setting test model in test area, monitoring the deformation of test model to simulate geological structure deformation process.The application can carry out simulation research on single diapir structure and diapir group structure, test the repeatability of diapir structure supergravity simulation test results, and can significantly reduce experimental error.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a simulation test device and method in the field of geological structure, and in particular to a multi-type diapiric structure hypergravity physical simulation test device and method. Background Technology

[0002] Diapiric structures in the Earth's lithosphere are formed by the upward arching of low-density, highly ductile rocks (such as rock salt, gypsum, and clay) at greater depths under differential gravity, piercing through overlying strata. They are an important type of petroleum geological structure, significant for the exploration of oil and gas resources and rock salt deposits, and valuable for studying magmatic activity originating from deep within the Earth. For example, previous studies have revealed a close relationship between the distribution of oil and gas reservoirs in the South my country Sea and the Gulf of Mexico and the development of diapiric structures. The development process of a single diapiric structure in the lithosphere generally lasts from millions to tens of millions of years, and the scale of the main axis profile of a single diapiric structure is often on the order of kilometers or more. The viscosity of the strata involved in diapiric structures is generally greater than 1 × 10⁻⁶. 15 Pas. Therefore, while studying diapiric structures through geological surveys is necessary, it requires substantial human and material support to be effectively implemented. Simulating the development process and deformation patterns of diapiric structures through physical simulation experiments offers a convenient and holistic approach to their study, and is an important method for this research. Although some diapiric structure simulation experiments conducted under constant gravity conditions (1g environment) have revealed some relevant patterns, given the aforementioned characteristics of diapiric structures in the lithosphere, such as long deformation times, large spatial scales, and extremely high material viscosity, the similarity between these constant gravity experiments and the diapiric structures in the Earth's lithosphere is rarely adequately considered or configured. Diapiric structures are classified into different categories due to differences in their geological dynamic mechanisms. Common types include active diapiric structures and reactivated diapiric structures. Active diapiric structures are formed when the diapiric core layer, which is relatively low in density compared to the surrounding rock, actively intrudes upwards under differential stress. Reactivated diapiric structures are formed when the overlying surrounding rock undergoes regional extension, creating a weak zone, which intrudes upwards along the diapiric core layer. Based on the spatial morphology of the diapiric core's top, diapiric structures can be divided into two main categories: dome-shaped and ridge-shaped. Furthermore, the kilometer-scale diapiric structures discovered on Earth are mostly presented as diapiric swarms rather than as single diapiric structures.

[0003] Based on Ramberg's (1967) derivation of the similarity relationship in geological structure simulation experiments, it can be seen that when the inertial force in the simulation test conditions is negligible, the similarity ratio can be set independently according to the properties of the specific research object when establishing the experimental similarity relationship. Hypergravity physical simulation experiments can conduct spatially and temporally scaled simulation experiments of diapiric structures while ensuring the similarity between the experimental model and the geological prototype of the diapiric structure. The simulation results obtained in this way can reflect the true characteristics of the development process of diapiric (group) structures within the lithosphere. Therefore, hypergravity simulation experiments are very important in geological structure simulation experiments and have broad prospects.

[0004] There are currently no domestic case studies of diapiric tectonics research conducted under hypergravity conditions. International studies simulating diapiric tectonics under hypergravity conditions have all been carried out in drum centrifuges with short rotation radii, in high-g experimental environments of at least 700g, and using small models with a lateral length generally not exceeding 15cm. The initial bottom of the model is typically a planar platform that would generate a lateral differential gravitational field under hypergravity conditions. The diapiric tectonics phenomena formed in such hypergravity experiments are actually subject to significant interference from the tangential differential hypergravity field, the high deformation rate of the experimental material, and model boundary effects during simulation, leading to significant experimental errors. Furthermore, existing hypergravity experiments simulating active diapiric structures all involve creating an upward protrusion on the top surface of the diapiric core layer when constructing the experimental model in a 1g environment. During hypergravity loading, the overlying experimental material layer experiences disturbance stress at this protrusion, promoting diapiric deformation. However, this method is prone to deformation as the hypergravity load increases from 1g to the target g value. This deformation does not conform to the similarity relationships established in hypergravity experiments, leading to significant experimental errors. In previous hypergravity experiments on diapiric structures, the combined experimental errors caused by these various factors result in a significant dissimilarity between the simulated model deformation process and the deformation process of the geological prototype, severely affecting the validity of the experimental analysis results. Additionally, a controllable physical simulation experimental device for diapiric swarm structures has not yet been found.

[0005] In order to further improve the effectiveness of the supergravity simulation experiment of the diapiric structure based on the previous research on the diapiric structure, and in combination with the inventor's preliminary diapiric structure experiment and related numerical simulation research on the ZJU400 large arm centrifuge at Zhejiang University, in order to overcome the experimental errors in the above-mentioned diapiric structure supergravity experimental research, this invention proposes a diapiric (group) structure supergravity simulation experimental device suitable for large centrifuges.

[0006] Brief description of similar technologies (products):

[0007] Chinese patent CN109166441A discloses a device and method for simulating diapiric physics under hypergravity conditions. The device includes an experimental chamber and a diapiric power unit. The experimental chamber consists of a long push plate, a movable plate, and a bottom plate. The movable plate includes a movable fixed plate and a movable telescopic plate connected to it. Experimental materials are placed inside the experimental chamber. Under the action of the diapiric power unit, the long push plate moves back and forth, and the movable telescopic plate performs telescopic motion to compress and deform the experimental materials inside the experimental chamber. This device arranges the experimental materials inside the deep structural physics simulation experimental chamber under normal gravity conditions. Under centrifugal force conditions, it automatically controls the diapiric power unit of the structural physics simulation experimental chamber, enabling the chamber to complete the deep structural physics simulation experiment. However, this device can only actively control the hypergravity physics simulation process of a single dome-shaped diapiric structure and cannot eliminate experimental errors caused by differential hypergravity along the rotational tangential direction during the hypergravity experiment, making it difficult to guarantee the repeatability of the experimental results.

[0008] Chinese patent CN111238948A discloses a three-dimensional base plate device, including a base plate for supporting vertical walls and telescopic push plates. The base plate, vertical walls, and telescopic push plates form a sealed box structure with only an opening at the top. Two vertical walls are vertically arranged on both sides of the base plate along the Y-axis. The vertical walls move relative to the base plate along the Y-axis, exerting compression or stretching force on the internal experimental object in the Y-axis direction. Two telescopic push plates are vertically arranged on both sides of the base plate along the X-axis direction and are always in contact with and sealed to the inner side of the vertical walls. The telescopic push plates move relative to the base plate along the X-axis, exerting compression or stretching force on the internal experimental object in the X-axis direction. This invention simulates a state where sand is subjected to compression / stretching forces in both the horizontal X and Y directions, and a gelatinous substance is injected into the bottom. The simulation results are more accurate, ensuring the accuracy and effectiveness of the experiment. This device can only actively control the hypergravity physics simulation process of a single dome-shaped diapir structure, and cannot eliminate experimental errors caused by differential hypergravity along the rotational tangential direction during hypergravity experiments; the viscosity of the gelatinous substance injected at the bottom is generally less than 1×10⁻⁶. 4 Pas., therefore the range of experimental materials to be selected is also relatively limited.

[0009] Chinese patent CN110794474A discloses a simulation device and analysis method for the superposition of magmatic diapiric and extensional processes. The simulation analysis method involves immersing a medium-filled container into a sand box containing multiple layers of sand, then activating a first and second engine to stretch the sand box and cut the sand body to obtain a first slice; then, the first and second engines are activated to stretch the sand box containing multiple layers of sand, and the medium-filled container is immersed into the sand box to cut the sand body to obtain a second slice; based on the first and second slices, multiple typical structural deformation patterns are obtained. This device can only be used to study single dome-shaped diapiric structures in a 1g constant gravity environment, and the diapiric simulation experiments conducted cannot guarantee similarity to the geological processes of diapiric structures on Earth. Summary of the Invention

[0010] To address the problems existing in the background art, the purpose of this invention is to provide a multi-type diapiric structure hypergravity physics simulation experimental device and method. This invention pertains to a hypergravity simulation experimental device and method suitable for simulating active diapiric (group) structures and reactivating diapiric (group) structures in a hypergravity environment using a large-arm centrifuge.

[0011] The technical solution adopted in this invention is as follows:

[0012] I. A multi-type diapiric structure hypergravity physics simulation experimental device:

[0013] The device includes a base plate, a base, a test zone bottom plate, a test zone shell, a diapir nucleus material injection system, and a drive system. The test zone bottom plate is located above the base plate, and the test zone bottom plate and the base plate are fixedly connected by the base. The test zone shell, which has an open top, is placed on the test zone bottom plate. The diapir nucleus material injection system is located in the middle of the base, and its bottom end is fixedly connected to the base plate. The drive system is placed on the base plate, and the drive system and the diapir nucleus material injection system are connected.

[0014] The test area shell includes four side wall panels, a test area curved platform, and rigid partitions. The four side wall panels are connected end to end to form a rectangular frame that is open at both ends and closed on all sides. The test area curved platform is located in the middle of the bottom end of the rectangular frame, so that the rectangular frame and the test area curved platform form a test chamber with an open top. The side wall panels in the rectangular frame that are arranged along the long side of the device are used as longitudinal side walls, and the side wall panels in the rectangular frame that are arranged along the short side of the device are used as transverse side walls. Two rigid partitions are arranged parallel to each other and spaced apart in the test chamber along the long side of the device. The bottom and sides of the rigid partitions are connected to the test area curved platform and the longitudinal side walls, respectively. The two rigid partitions divide the test chamber into three sub-test areas. The two detachable rigid partitions divide the test area curved platform into three test platform units.

[0015] The bottom of the side wall panel is fixedly connected to the outer periphery of the test area base plate. The test area curved platform is placed in the middle of the upper surface of the test area base plate. Four material injection ports are spaced apart along the long side of the device in the middle of the test area curved platform. Three of the material injection ports are respectively opened in the middle of the three test platform units. The other material injection port is opened at the connection position between a rigid partition and the test area curved platform. Four through holes are spaced apart along the long side of the device in the middle of the test area base plate. The number and arrangement of the material injection ports in the test area curved platform and the through holes in the test area base plate are the same and aligned. The top of the bottom core material injection system is set at the through hole opened in the test area base plate.

[0016] The aforementioned diapir material injection system includes a first synchronous pulley, a bearing, a fixed ring, and a lead screw; the lead screw is movably connected to the center hole of the first synchronous pulley, the fixed ring is located above the bearing, both the fixed ring and the bearing are sleeved on the outer wall of the lead screw, the fixed ring and the bearing are connected to the base plate through a system fixing frame, and a flat bearing is provided below the first synchronous pulley, the flat bearing is fixedly connected to the base plate.

[0017] The aforementioned diapir core material injection system adopts either a circular hole type material injection system or a strip hole type injection system. The circular hole type material injection system further includes a piston connecting bolt, a circular hole piston, and a circular hole piston sealing ring. The circular hole piston is located above the lead screw, and the circular hole piston and the lead screw are fixedly connected by the piston connecting bolt. The circular hole piston sealing ring is sealed and connected to the top of the circular hole piston. The strip hole type injection system further includes a strip hole piston and a strip hole piston sealing ring. The bottom end of the strip hole piston is fixedly connected to the top end of the lead screw, and the strip hole piston sealing ring is sealed and connected to the top end of the strip hole piston.

[0018] The drive system includes a servo motor, a reducer, and a motor support base. The reducer has a second synchronous pulley inside and is fixed to the base plate by the motor support base. The servo motor is mounted on the top of the reducer and its output shaft is coaxially connected to the second synchronous pulley in the reducer. The second synchronous pulley and the first synchronous pulley are connected by a synchronous belt, so that the second synchronous pulley drives the first synchronous pulley to rotate.

[0019] The material injection port is either a round hole type or a strip hole type. The four material injection ports include three round hole type and one strip hole type. The two round hole type and one strip hole type are respectively located in the middle of the three test platform units. The third round hole type is located at the midpoint of the line connecting the two round hole type.

[0020] The through hole in the middle of the test area base plate is either a circular hole material cavity or a strip hole material cavity. The circular hole piston at the top of the circular hole material injection system can be moved up and down in the circular hole material cavity, and the strip hole piston at the top of the strip hole injection system can be moved up and down in the strip hole material cavity.

[0021] The inner sidewall of the longitudinal sidewall has two partition sidewall slots spaced apart along the long side of the device. Each partition sidewall slot is arranged in the vertical direction. The top of the curved platform of the test area has two partition bottom slots spaced apart along the long side of the device. Each partition bottom slot is arranged along the short side of the device. The number and arrangement of the partition sidewall slots in the longitudinal sidewall and the partition bottom slots in the curved platform of the test area are the same and aligned. The bottom of the rigid partition is embedded in the partition bottom slot, and the two sides of the rigid partition are respectively embedded in the partition sidewall slots of the two longitudinal sidewalls.

[0022] The rigid partition is mainly formed by several rigid strips closely arranged along the vertical direction. Each rigid strip is arranged along the short side of the device. The lowest rigid strip of the rigid partition is embedded in the bottom groove of the partition, and the two sides of the rigid strip are respectively embedded in the side wall grooves of the two longitudinal side walls of the partition.

[0023] II. A method for simulating supergravity physics in multiple types of diapiric structures, comprising the following steps:

[0024] Step 1: First, select the diapiric nucleus simulation material and determine the amount, viscosity and density of the diapiric nucleus simulation material; in a 1g constant gravity environment, inject each selected diapiric nucleus simulation material into the material cavity of each diapiric nucleus material injection system, and fully degas and compact the diapiric nucleus simulation material in the material cavity;

[0025] Step 2: Prepare a simulation test model

[0026] Several types of surrounding rock strata simulation materials were taken, and the various simulation materials were layered and sequentially loaded into sub-test area 1 in the order of diapiric core simulation material and surrounding rock strata simulation material. After venting and compacting the layers, the initial simulation test model was made.

[0027] Step 3: Hoist the device containing the simulated test model onto the experimental platform of the centrifuge, start the centrifuge and load it to the target g value. Monitor the deformation of the simulated test model in real time under a stable target g value in a hypergravity environment. When the device reaches the preset test state or test time, turn off the centrifuge to stop the experiment, remove the simulated test model, and obtain the actual geological deformation time t0 based on the deformation time of the simulated test model.

[0028]

[0029] Among them, t mμ represents the deformation time of the hypergravity simulation model. r ρ represents the ratio of the viscosity of the simulated experimental model to that of the actual geological body. r The density of the simulated test model is expressed as the ratio of the density of the actual geological body to that of the simulated test model. r α represents the ratio of the geometric dimensions of the simulated experimental model to those of the actual geological body. r This represents the ratio of the acceleration of the simulated test model to that of the actual geological body.

[0030] The rigid partitions in this invention divide the experimental chamber into three sub-experimental zones. Each sub-experimental zone has a material injection port at its bottom center. The rigid partitions can be flexibly installed or removed as needed. Combined with the flexible use of the four material injection ports at the bottom of the experimental zones, hypergravity simulation experiments of different diapiric structures or diapiric swarm structures can be achieved. A total of four diapiric core material injection systems are provided, each capable of independent operation via servo-controlled online high-precision quantization. Based on these structural designs, this invention can conduct multi-scale model hypergravity simulation studies of dome-shaped and ridge-shaped diapiric structures in hypergravity environments ranging from 1g to 200g, as well as simulation studies of single diapiric structures and diapiric swarm structures. It also facilitates the verification of the repeatability of diapiric structure hypergravity simulation experimental results, significantly reducing experimental errors compared to existing diapiric physics simulation experimental devices in hypergravity environments.

[0031] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology by inventing a multi-type diapiric structure hypergravity physics simulation experimental device. When conducting diapiric structure hypergravity simulation experiments, this device can simulate dome-shaped and ridge-shaped diapiric structures, as well as single diapiric structures and diapiric group structures. It can conduct simultaneous independent experiments on multiple scale experimental models and multiple sets of working conditions without the need for pre-set protrusions to initiate diapiric structure deformation. It can effectively avoid the cumulative deformation error caused by the process of loading the experimental g value from 1g to the target g value hypergravity state in the hypergravity experimental equipment. Furthermore, this device can effectively avoid the experimental error caused by the tangential difference in hypergravity along the rotation direction of the model box in the hypergravity experimental environment.

[0032] This invention is designed based on a comprehensive consideration of the various experimental conditions required for the simulation of diapiric structures under hypergravity and the operational constraints of large-arm centrifuges. It mainly comprises three detachable and combinable experimental zones and four independently controllable diapiric core material injection systems. Considering that high g-values ​​lead to high deformation rates in the experimental model materials, resulting in changes in the rheological properties of the model materials and thus weakening the similarity of the hypergravity simulation process; and that the effective load for long-term continuous operation of existing large-arm centrifuges in China (such as the ZJU400 model centrifuge at Zhejiang University) generally does not exceed 200g, the maximum applicable hypergravity g-value for this diapiric structure hypergravity experimental device is 200g.

[0033] For simulating the deformation process of a single diapiric structure, the centerline of the three sub-test areas parallel to the longitudinal sidewalls should coincide with the centerline of the centrifuge experimental platform. Each sub-test area, separated by rigid partitions, has a diapiric core material injection port. Based on the analysis of the geometric, mechanical, rheological, and deformation time parameters of each rock layer in the simulated diapiric geological prototype, a hypergravity simulation experiment is designed according to the similarity relationship of geological structure simulation experiments. Suitable similar materials for the hypergravity simulation experiment are selected, and experimental materials are filled into the material cavities of the system required for each test area according to the experimental design. A hypergravity simulation test model is then fabricated, and the system is loaded onto a centrifuge for hypergravity simulation. After the system reaches a stable g-value, experimental materials are injected according to the experimental design to trigger diapiric deformation. During the deformation process of the test model, the deformation characteristics of the top of each test area model can be monitored and tested from the top of the test area using a three-dimensional optical scanning system. Alternatively, other perspective three-dimensional scanning technologies (such as acoustic and electrical detection technologies) can be used to monitor and scan the three-dimensional deformation process of the test model during the hypergravity simulation loading process. After the hypergravity experiment is completed, the experimental model can be subjected to observation and analysis such as slice observation and CT three-dimensional scanning.

[0034] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0035] 1. This invention can simultaneously conduct three independent diapiric structure hypergravity simulation experiments during a single hypergravity loading test. This helps to verify the repeatability of hypergravity experimental results, which has not been studied in previous diapiric structure hypergravity experiments.

[0036] 2. This invention can use an injection system to inject a small dose of diapiric core material at a low speed under a designed stable g-value loading state to promote the initiation and deformation of active diapiric structures. This can avoid the dissimilar deformation caused by the pre-placed diapiric core layer protrusion in a 1g environment during the process of increasing g-value under hypergravity, similar to previous studies. It can also significantly reduce experimental errors caused by high-speed injection operations at the bottom of the experimental model.

[0037] 3. This invention can simultaneously simulate dome-shaped diapiric structures and ridge-shaped diapiric structures, and can also simulate diapiric swarm structures by merging adjacent test areas.

[0038] 4. The experimental model that can simulate the test area of ​​the present invention can fully ensure safe and controllable experimental operation in a hypergravity environment, while its tangential dimension is significantly larger than that of the previous diapiric hypergravity experimental model. This is beneficial to significantly reduce the model boundary effect on the results of the diapiric hypergravity experiment.

[0039] 5. The bottom of the test area of ​​this invention is a rigid curved platform, which can ensure that a uniform hypergravity field is generated along the tangential direction of rotation under the hypergravity loading environment of the arm centrifuge.

[0040] 6. During the loading process of the hypergravity simulation experiment, the device of the present invention performs a low-dose, low-speed injection of diapir core material through servo online quantitative control, and can monitor the corresponding injection rate and pressure values ​​in real time, which is beneficial for the quantitative analysis and research of relevant experimental parameters.

[0041] These advantages all contribute to significantly improving the similarity between the results of the diapiric tectonic hypergravity physical simulation experiments and the geological prototype, which means that the effectiveness of the diapiric tectonic hypergravity simulation results can be significantly enhanced. In addition, the bottom of the test area of ​​this invention can also be replaced with a planar stage for conducting fluid plastic diapiric tectonic deformation simulation experiments of low-viscosity materials in a 1g constant gravity environment. Attached Figure Description

[0042] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention after the rigid partition and one side wall have been unloaded;

[0044] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention cut along its longitudinal axis;

[0045] Figure 4 This is a planar overall structural diagram of the present invention (viewed from top).

[0046] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the present invention.

[0047] Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the main body of the injection system transmission mechanism of the present invention, wherein a is a diagram of the transmission mechanism of the circular hole injection system and b is a diagram of the transmission mechanism of the strip hole injection system;

[0048] Figure 7 This is a diagram showing the overall transmission structure between the injection system and the servo motor in this invention.

[0049] Figure 8 The diagram shows the cross-section of the main shaft of the injection system of the present invention and the planar structure of the top material injection port. Among them, a is a diagram of a single-hole circular injection system, b is a diagram of a multi-hole circular injection system, and c is a diagram of a strip-hole injection system.

[0050] Figure 9 This is an experimental error analysis diagram of the results of a supergravity simulation experiment on the diapiric structure using the conventional prefabricated diapiric core protrusion experimental method.

[0051] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a large arm centrifuge experimental system.

[0052] In the diagram: 1. Sub-test area; 2. Transverse sidewall; 3. Longitudinal sidewall; 4. Weight reduction groove; 5. Lifting ring; 6. Auxiliary mechanism fixing screw holes; 7. Test area base plate; 8. Base plate fixing screw holes; 9. Base; 10. Side wall slot; 11. Side wall fixing screw holes; 12. Test area curved platform; 13. Rigid partition; 14. Rigid strip; 15. Partition side wall slot; 16. Rigid strip fixing screw holes; 17. Partition bottom slot; 18. Round hole material injection port; 19. Strip hole material injection port; 20. Servo motor; 21. Reducer; 22. Motor support base; 23. Base plate; 24. Synchronous belt; 25. Component fixing screw holes; 26-28. Round hole material injection system; 29. ​​Strip 30. Injection system fixing frame; 31. First synchronous pulley; 32. Second synchronous pulley; 33. Bearing; 34. Fixing ring; 35. Lead screw; 36. Piston connecting bolt; 37. Round hole piston; 38. Round hole piston sealing ring; 39. Strip hole piston; 40. Strip hole piston sealing ring; 41. Flat bearing; 42. Round hole material cavity; 43. Strip hole material cavity; 44. Single hole round hole injection nozzle; 45. Single hole discharge channel; 46. Nozzle fixing screw; 47. Multi-hole round hole injection nozzle; 48. Multi-hole discharge channel; 49. Strip hole injection nozzle; 50. Strip hole discharge channel; 51. Anti-seepage rack; 52. Anti-seepage groove; 53. Sealing strip. Detailed Implementation

[0053] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific implementation examples. These examples will help those skilled in the art to further understand the present invention, but do not limit the present invention in any way.

[0054] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the device includes a base plate 23, a base 9, a test zone bottom plate 7, a test zone shell, a diapir nucleus material injection system, and a drive system. The test zone bottom plate 7 is located above the base plate 23 and is arranged parallel to the base plate 23. The test zone bottom plate 7 and the base plate 23 are fixedly connected by the base 9, that is, the base 9 is fixedly installed on the base plate 23, the test zone bottom plate 7 is fixedly connected to the base 9, the test zone shell with an open upper end is placed on the test zone bottom plate 7, the diapir nucleus material injection system is located in the middle of the base 9, and the bottom end of the diapir nucleus material injection system is fixedly connected to the base plate 23. The drive system is placed on the base plate 23, and the drive system and the diapir nucleus material injection system are connected.

[0055] The test chamber shell includes four side wall panels 2 and 3, a test chamber curved platform 12, and rigid partitions 13. The four side wall panels 2 and 3 are connected end to end to form a rectangular frame that is open at both ends and closed on all sides. The test chamber curved platform 12 is located in the middle of the bottom end of the rectangular frame, so that the rectangular frame and the test chamber curved platform 12 form a test chamber with an open top. The side wall panels in the rectangular frame that are arranged along the long side of the device are used as longitudinal side walls 3, and the side wall panels in the rectangular frame that are arranged along the short side of the device are used as transverse side walls 2. Two rigid partitions 13 are arranged parallel to each other and spaced apart in the test chamber along the long side of the device. The bottom and sides of the rigid partitions 13 are connected to the test chamber curved platform 12 and the longitudinal side walls 3, respectively. The two detachable rigid partitions 13 divide the test chamber into three sub-test chambers 1. The two rigid partitions 13 divide the test chamber curved platform 12 into three test platform units, and each test platform unit is located in a sub-test chamber 1.

[0056] The bottom of the side wall panel is fixedly connected to the outer periphery of the test area base plate 7. The test area curved platform 12 is placed in the middle of the upper surface of the test area base plate 7. The test area curved platform 12 has four material injection ports spaced apart along the long side of the device. Three of the material injection ports are located in the middle of the three test platform units, and the other material injection port is located at the connection position between a removable rigid partition 13 and the test area curved platform 12. The four material injection ports are located on the same straight line. The test area base plate 7 has four through holes spaced apart along the long side of the device. The number and arrangement of the material injection ports in the test area curved platform 12 and the through holes in the test area base plate 7 are the same and the arrangement positions are aligned vertically. The top of the bottom core material injection system is well connected to the through holes on the test area base plate 7.

[0057] The top of the longitudinal sidewall 3 is provided with auxiliary mechanism fixing screw holes 6. During the ultragravity simulation experiment, the auxiliary mechanism fixing screw holes 6 can be used to fix the test process monitoring mechanisms such as scanners and displacement gauges. Weight reduction grooves 4 are provided on all four sidewall panels to reduce the weight of the device.

[0058] like Figure 6 As shown, the diapir material injection system includes a first synchronous wheel 31, a bearing 33, a retaining ring 34, and a lead screw 35. The lead screw 35 is movably connected to the center hole of the first synchronous wheel 31. The retaining ring 34 is located above the bearing 33. Both the retaining ring 34 and the bearing 33 are rotatably fitted onto the outer wall of the lead screw (35) along their own circumference. The retaining ring 34 and the bearing 33 are connected to the base plate 23 through the system fixing frame 30. A plane bearing 41 is provided below the first synchronous wheel 31. The plane bearing 41 is fixedly connected to the base plate 23. The retaining ring 34 and the bearing 33 can be used to restrict the movement of the lead screw (35) in its own radial direction.

[0059] The diapir core material injection system adopts a round hole type material injection system 26-28 or a strip hole type injection system 29; the round hole type material injection system 26-28 also includes a piston connecting bolt 36, a round hole piston 37 and a round hole piston sealing ring 38. The round hole piston 37 is located above the lead screw 35. The round hole piston 37 and the lead screw 35 are fixedly connected by the piston connecting bolt 36. The round hole piston sealing ring 38 is sealed and connected to the top of the round hole piston 37; the strip hole type injection system 29 also includes a strip hole piston 39 and a strip hole piston sealing ring 40. The bottom end of the strip hole piston 39 is fixedly connected to the top end of the lead screw 35. The strip hole piston sealing ring 40 is sealed and connected to the top end of the strip hole piston 39.

[0060] like Figure 5 and Figure 7 As shown, the drive system includes a servo motor 20, a reducer 21, and a motor support 22. The reducer 21 has a second synchronous pulley 32 inside. The reducer 21 is fixed on the base plate 23 through the motor support 22. The servo motor 20 is mounted on the top of the reducer 21, and the output shaft of the servo motor 20 is coaxially connected to the second synchronous pulley 32 in the reducer 21. The second synchronous pulley 32 and the first synchronous pulley 31 are connected by a synchronous belt 24, so that the second synchronous pulley 32 drives the first synchronous pulley 31 to rotate synchronously.

[0061] In a specific implementation, the servo motor 20 drives the second synchronous wheel 32 in the reducer 21 to rotate, the second synchronous wheel 32 drives the first synchronous wheel 31 to rotate, and the rotation of the first synchronous wheel 31 causes the lead screw 35 to move up and down, so that the pistons 37 and 39 can move up and down in the material cavities 42 and 43.

[0062] like Figure 4 As shown, the material injection port adopts a circular hole material injection port 18 or a strip hole material injection port 19. The four material injection ports include three circular hole material injection ports 18 and one strip hole material injection port 19. The two circular hole material injection ports 18 and the one strip hole material injection port 19 are respectively opened in the middle of the three test platform units. The third circular hole material injection port 18 is opened at the midpoint of the connecting line of the above two circular hole material injection ports 18, that is, at the connection position of the rigid partition 13 and the test area curved stage 12.

[0063] The through hole in the middle of the test area base plate 7 is a round hole material cavity 42 or a strip hole material cavity 43. The round hole piston 37 at the top of the round hole material injection system 26-28 is movable up and down in the round hole material cavity 42, and the strip hole piston 39 at the top of the strip hole injection system 29 is movable up and down in the strip hole material cavity 43.

[0064] The circular cavity 42 and the strip cavity 43 store diapiric materials.

[0065] The inner sidewall of the longitudinal sidewall 3 is provided with two partition sidewall slots 15 spaced apart along the long side of the device. Each partition sidewall slot 15 is arranged along the vertical direction. The top of the test area curved platform 12 is provided with two partition bottom slots 17 spaced apart along the long side of the device. Each partition bottom slot 17 is arranged along the short side of the device. The number and arrangement of the partition sidewall slots 15 in the longitudinal sidewall 3 and the partition bottom slots 17 in the test area curved platform 12 are the same and their arrangement positions are aligned one by one along the long side of the device. The bottom of the rigid partition 13 is embedded in the partition bottom slot 17, and the two sides of the rigid partition 13 are respectively embedded in the partition sidewall slots 15 of the two longitudinal sidewalls 3.

[0066] like Figure 3 As shown, the rigid partition 13 is mainly formed by several rigid strips 14 closely arranged along the vertical direction. Each rigid strip 14 is arranged along the short side of the device. The lowest rigid strip 14 of the rigid partition 13 is embedded in the bottom slot 17 of the partition, and the two sides of the rigid strip 14 are respectively embedded in the partition side wall slots 15 of the two longitudinal side walls 3.

[0067] The method of the present invention includes the following steps:

[0068] Step 1: First, select the diapir nucleus simulation material that meets the experimental design requirements, and determine the amount, viscosity and density of the diapir nucleus simulation material; then, in a 1g constant gravity environment, inject each selected diapir nucleus simulation material into the corresponding material cavity of each diapir nucleus material injection system. Specifically, the material cavity in the implementation is a circular hole material cavity 42 or a strip hole material cavity 43, and fully degas and compact the diapir nucleus simulation material in the material cavity;

[0069] Step 2: Prepare a simulation test model

[0070] Several types of surrounding rock strata simulation materials were selected and sequentially layered into sub-test area 1 according to the order of diapiric core simulation material and surrounding rock strata simulation material. After degassing and compaction of the layers, an initial simulation test model was formed. The bottom layer of sub-test area 1 used diapiric core simulation material, and the surrounding rock strata simulation material was applied layer by layer on top of the diapiric core simulation material. The diapiric core simulation material at the bottom of sub-test area 1 was consistent with the diapiric core simulation material in the corresponding material cavity of that area. The layering of diapiric core simulation material and surrounding rock strata simulation material was consistent with the curvature of the curved platform 12 of the test area.

[0071] Step 3: Hoist the device containing the simulated test model onto the centrifuge's experimental platform, start the centrifuge and load it to the target g value. Monitor the deformation of the simulated test model in real time under a stable target g value in a hypergravity environment. When the device reaches the preset test state or test time, turn off the centrifuge to stop the centrifugal hypergravity simulation experiment, remove the simulated test model, and obtain the actual geological deformation time t0 based on the deformation time of the simulated test model.

[0072]

[0073] Among them, t m μ represents the deformation time of the hypergravity simulation model. r ρ represents the ratio of the viscosity of the simulated experimental model to that of the actual geological body. r The density of the simulated test model is expressed as the ratio of the density of the actual geological body to that of the simulated test model. r α represents the ratio of the geometric dimensions of the simulated experimental model to those of the actual geological body. r This represents the ratio of the acceleration of the simulated test model to that of the actual geological body.

[0074] By comparing the geometric dimensions, density, acceleration, and viscosity of the hypergravity simulation test model at various scales with the prototype geological body, the geological deformation time similarity law between the simulation test model and the prototype geological body is obtained, thereby enabling the analysis and calculation of the deformation of the diapiric structure under real conditions.

[0075] The embodiments of the present invention are as follows:

[0076] like Figures 1-8 As shown, the device of this invention is used to simulate the deformation process and structural patterns of active and reactivated diapiric structures under hypergravity conditions, particularly hypergravity conditions not exceeding 200g. This device is primarily distinguished from previous hypergravity diapiric physics simulation experiments that used a pre-placed diapiric core layer morphology protrusion perturbation at the bottom of the model to generate diapiric structures under hypergravity. This is because previous methods of simulating diapiric structures with pre-placed perturbations lead to significant cumulative experimental errors during the increase of hypergravity g-values, such as… Figure 9 As shown.

[0077] The apparatus comprises three flexibly combinable sub-experimental zones 1 and four independently operable and highly precision servo-controlled diapirite injection systems 26-29. The experimental chamber and the diapirite injection systems 26-29 are integrally fixed to the base plate 23. The overall dimensions of the diapirite apparatus must meet the requirements of hypergravity experiments on large experimental models with minimal experimental boundary effects, while also not exceeding the dimensions of a large arm-type centrifuge experimental platform. Figure 10The dimensions of the operable space; to ensure the safe conduct of diapir structure simulation experiments under 200g hypergravity, the overall material of the experimental device should be high-strength, low-density materials (such as aerospace aluminum alloy 7075). The experimental chamber is a rectangular area enclosed by transverse sidewalls 2 in the width direction and longitudinal sidewalls 3 in the length direction. The main thickness of sidewalls 2 and 3 is not less than 40mm, and the interior depth of the experimental chamber is approximately 40cm. Sidewall slots 10 are provided on the inner walls of both sides of the transverse sidewalls 2, and sidewall fixing screw holes 11 are provided in the sidewall slots 10. The transverse sidewalls 2 and longitudinal sidewalls 3 are fixed with screws through the sidewall fixing screw holes 11 in the sidewall slots 10. A test area curved stage 12, which matches the cantilever curvature of a large arm centrifuge, is installed at the bottom of the experimental chamber. The test area curved stage 12 is made of rigid material. When conducting a hypergravity simulation experiment in a hypergravity centrifuge, the centerline of the three sub-test areas 1 parallel to the longitudinal sidewall 3 should coincide with the centerline of the centrifuge experimental platform.

[0078] To accommodate small-scale simulation experiments and to enable multiple experiments to be conducted in the same hypergravity environment during a single rotation, the test chamber is divided into three sub-test areas 1 along the longitudinal sidewall 3. The effective planar area of ​​a single sub-test area 1 is 40cm × 26cm. The sub-test areas 1 are separated by detachable rigid partitions 13. To ensure good sealing and mechanical stability between adjacent sub-test areas in a hypergravity environment of no more than 200g, partition slots 15 and 17 are respectively provided on the sidewalls and bottom of adjacent sub-test areas 1 for embedding rigid partition strips 14. The rigid partition 13 is composed of multiple rigid strips 14 of equal size that can be nested vertically. The partition sidewall slots 15 are provided with rigid strip fixing screw holes 16. Both ends of each rigid strip 14 are fixed with screws through the rigid strip fixing screw holes 16 in the partition sidewall slots 15. The curved stage 12 of the test area has four material injection ports 18-19, three of which are circular injection ports 18 and one is a strip-shaped injection port 19. The two circular injection ports 18 and the strip-shaped injection port 19 are located at the center of the test platform unit corresponding to the three sub-test areas 1. The remaining circular injection port 18 is located at the midpoint of the line connecting the other two circular injection ports 18. These material injection ports 18-19 can be selected according to the test conditions. For material injection ports that are not needed, they are backfilled and fixed with sealing material blocks of the same material and of the corresponding shape, ensuring that the injection ports are in harmony with the surrounding curved stage surface and preventing leakage of experimental materials. The circular injection ports 18 are used to inject experimental materials into the diapiric core layer, creating local disturbances and thus initiating the deformation of the dome-shaped diapiric structure; the strip-shaped injection port 19 is used to inject experimental materials into the diapiric core layer, creating local disturbances and thus initiating the deformation of the ridge-shaped diapiric structure.

[0079] The curved test platform 12 and side walls 2 and 3 are all fixed to the test area base plate 7. The thickness of the test area base plate 7 is not less than 30mm. The test area base plate 7 has base plate fixing screw holes 8. The test area base plate 7 is fixed to the base 9 with screws through the base plate fixing screw holes 8. The base 9 is fixed to the base plate 23 with screws through the component fixing screw holes 25. The base plate 23, the transverse side wall 2, and the longitudinal side wall 3 are provided with lifting rings 5 ​​for lifting devices.

[0080] The overall dimensions of this invention are determined by comprehensively considering the dimensions of each test zone while ensuring that no significant boundary effects occur in any test model, and also must not exceed the operable space of a large arm centrifuge test platform. The viscosities of the diapiric nucleus experimental materials applicable to this invention are in the range of 1×10⁻⁶. 3 Pa.s to 9×10 6 For the Pa.s interval, the operable surface area of ​​the applicable arm centrifuge experimental platform should be no less than 1200mm × 1000mm.

[0081] The thickness of the experimental model applicable to this invention does not exceed 40 cm. The types of diapirical structures applicable to this invention mainly include active diapirical structures and reactivated diapirical structures. It can carry out physical simulation studies of ridge-shaped diapirical structures and dome-shaped diapirical structures, as well as physical simulation studies of single diapirical structures and diapirical swarm structures.

[0082] In a 200g hypergravity environment, the test space enclosed by the diapir core material injection system 26-29, the inner sidewall of the test chamber, and the rigid partition 13, is suitable for samples with a viscosity of not less than 1×10⁻⁶. 3 Pa.s's fluid plastic material has good sealing properties. In a 200g test environment, the maximum allowable deformation of the inner walls of the curved platform 12, single-hole discharge channel 45, multi-hole discharge channel 48, and strip-hole discharge channel 50 in the test area, as well as the top surfaces of pistons 37 and 39, does not exceed 0.5mm, and the maximum allowable deformation of the side walls 2 and 3 does not exceed 1mm.

[0083] When conducting centrifugation experiments in a centrifuge, the centerlines of the three sub-test zones 1 parallel to the longitudinal sidewalls 3 should coincide with the centerline of the centrifuge experimental platform. By replacing the curved stage 12 of the test zone with a planar stage, this invention can be applied to physical simulation experiments in a constant gravity (1g) environment.

[0084] The diapiric material injection systems 26-29 are respectively arranged corresponding to the material injection ports 18-19 at the bottom of the test chamber. These diapiric material injection systems 26-29 are fixed to the base plate 23 by the injection system fixing bracket 30. Considering that the experimental device base should occupy as little space as possible in the direction of centrifuge rotation radius, the diapiric material injection systems 26-29 are not directly connected to the servo motor 20 and reducer 21 that provide power. Instead, the servo motor 20 and reducer 21 are moved to the outside of the model box in test area 1, and the second synchronous pulley 32 of the reducer 21 is connected to the first synchronous pulley 31 of the diapiric material injection system by the synchronous belt 24. The synchronous belt 24 is made of high-strength tensile toughness material. When installing the diapiric material injection systems 26-29, the synchronous belt can be tightened by adjusting the installation position of the reducer 21 and the motor support 22, thereby ensuring that the synchronous belt 24 works normally when conducting diapiric structure simulation experiments in a hypergravity environment. The present invention should select a small-sized servo motor with a rated torque of less than 10 Nm, and the reducer 21 combined with the small-sized servo motor 20 can provide a torque of more than 50 Nm.

[0085] Considering that the density of materials used in the diapiric structure simulation experiment in the test area generally does not exceed 3 g / mL and the thickness does not exceed 40 cm, in order to ensure the effective and safe implementation of the diapiric structure simulation experiment in a 200 g hypergravity environment, the diapiric core material injection system 26-29 of this invention can provide a maximum pressure of approximately 1.5 MPa of fluid plastic material at the material injection port 18-19, and the applicable fluid plastic material viscosity is not less than 1 × 10⁻⁶. 3 Pa.s., correspondingly, the experimental space enclosed by the diapir nucleus material injection system 26-29 in a 200g environment, the inner wall of the test chamber, and the rigid partition 13, is suitable for a viscosity of not less than 1×10⁻⁶. 3 Pa.s's fluid plastic materials have good sealing properties.

[0086] Considering the differences in the fluid plasticity of experimental materials with different viscosities in a hypergravity environment, the optimal shape of the circular orifice material inlet 18 varies depending on the experimental material, such as... Figure 8As shown, a round hole injection nozzle is fixedly installed inside the round hole material injection port 18 by a nozzle fixing screw 46. The round hole injection nozzle is either a single-hole round hole injection nozzle 44 or a multi-hole round hole injection nozzle 47. The single-hole round hole injection nozzle 44 has a single-hole discharge channel 45, and the multi-hole round hole injection nozzle 47 has multiple multi-hole discharge channels 48. The single-hole discharge channel 45 and the multi-hole discharge channels 48 are respectively connected to the round hole material cavity 42. The single-hole discharge channel 45 of the single-hole round hole injection nozzle 44 is a single round hole with a diameter of 15mm. The multi-hole round hole injection nozzle 47 can be designed with multiple multi-hole discharge channels 48 (such as 8 channels) according to the actual viscosity of the experimental material and the desired effect of the test conditions. Both types of nozzles can be fixed on the curved stage 12 of the test area by the injection port fixing screw 32.

[0087] The cross-sectional shape of the orifice discharge channel 48 of this invention can be designed as a curve, a broken line, or other reasonable shapes. The single-hole circular injection nozzle 44 of this invention is suitable for injecting experimental materials with high viscosity (such as those with a viscosity greater than 1×10⁻⁶). 5 The multi-hole injection nozzle 47 is suitable for injecting experimental materials with low viscosity and significant compressibility (e.g., viscosity less than 5 × 10⁻⁶ Pa.s). 4 Pa.s).

[0088] The material cavity 42 of the orifice nozzle is cylindrical, and the bottom of the material cavity 42 is the top surface of the orifice piston 37. The orifice piston 37 can move up and down controllably along the side wall of the orifice material cavity 42. To ensure the sealing of the material in the upper orifice material cavity 42 by the orifice piston 37, a groove for accommodating the orifice piston sealing ring 38 is provided near the top of the orifice piston 37. The orifice piston sealing ring 38 is preferably made of corrosion-resistant elastic material. To ensure good sealing performance after long-term testing of the material cavity, a slotted material injection port 19 is provided inside via a nozzle fixing screw 46, with a slotted injection port nozzle 49. A slotted material discharge channel 50 is provided in the slotted injection port nozzle 49, which is connected to the slotted material cavity 43. The slotted material cavity 43 of the slotted material injection system 29 is also cylindrical, with the bottom of the slotted material cavity 43 being the top surface of the slotted piston 39. The slotted piston 39 can move up and down controllably along the side wall of the slotted material cavity 43. To ensure the sealing performance of the slotted piston 39 on the material in the upper slotted material cavity 43, a groove for arranging the slotted piston sealing ring 40 is provided near the top of the slotted piston 39. The slotted piston sealing ring 40 is preferably made of a corrosion-resistant elastic material.

[0089] The volume capacity of the circular hole material cavity 42 of the circular hole material injection system 26-28 of the present invention should be sufficient to inject approximately 15 mL of experimental material into the test chamber, and the volume capacity of the strip hole material cavity 43 should be sufficient to inject approximately 80 mL of experimental material into the test chamber; neither too much nor too little is advisable.

[0090] The circular hole piston 37 of the circular hole type material injection system 26-28 is connected to the lower lead screw 35 through the piston connecting bolt 36. The slotted hole piston 39 of the slotted hole type injection system 29 is directly connected to the lower lead screw 35 through the pin at its bottom. The lead screw 35 is connected to the bearing 33, the synchronous pulley 31 and the plane bearing 41 through the fixing ring 34 and is placed on the base plate 23. In order to ensure that the material injection system 26-29 can work safely and effectively in a 200g hypergravity environment, an injection system fixing frame 30 is set to fix the material injection system 26-29 on the base plate 23. The seepage-proof groove 52 is set on the outer side of the outer wall of each material cavity 42, 43 on the top surface of the test area bottom plate 7. The seepage-proof toothed bar 51 is set on the bottom surface of the test area curved platform 12. When the device of the present invention is installed, the seepage-proof toothed bar 51 is installed in the seepage-proof groove 52. The gap between the outer wall of the seepage-proof groove 52 and the side of the seepage-proof toothed bar 51 is filled tightly by the sealing strip 53. The combination mechanism of the seepage-proof toothed bar 51, the seepage-proof groove 52 and the sealing strip 53 is used to enhance the sealing of the filling material in each material injection system 26-29, and prevent the experimental material from overflowing from the gap between the top surface of the test area bottom plate 7 and the bottom surface of the test area curved platform 12 due to the high pressure injection during the test.

[0091] The servo motor 20 and reducer 21 of this invention are connected to the online control system of the centrifuge control room via a large arm centrifuge data acquisition system. Figure 10 () Connected; Considering the requirements of the injection rate of the diapiric core material in the simulation test of the diapiric structure in a supergravity environment with a g value of 200g and below, the online control system can control the servo motor 20 in real time so that the minimum adjustable difference of the rising rate of the pistons 37 and 39 is no more than 0.05mm / s and the maximum rate can reach 2mm / s.

[0092] In the process of conducting a single active diapiric structure hypergravity simulation experiment on a large arm centrifuge using this diapiric structure simulation device, the specific type of material system 26-29 was first selected according to the type of single diapiric structure to be simulated (ridge-like or dome-like). Following the similarity requirements for hypergravity simulation of geological structures given by Ramberg (1967):

[0093]

[0094]

[0095]

[0096]

[0097] In the formula: l0, ρ0, α0, and μ0 represent the geometric dimensions, density, acceleration, and viscosity of the experimental geological prototype, respectively. m ρm α m μ m These represent the geometric dimensions, density, acceleration, and viscosity of the experimental model, respectively. r ρ r α r μ r These represent the simulation similarity coefficients for geometric dimensions, density, acceleration, and viscosity, respectively.

[0098] The target g-value for the hypergravity stable loading test was set to no more than 200g, and the total height of the test model was limited to no more than 40cm. Based on the above similarity formula, the similarity relationships of geometric length, material viscosity and density were determined to ensure that the similarity relationships between different materials in the test model and the corresponding prototype layers in the diapiric structure were consistent. The volume, viscosity and density parameters of the experimental materials of the diapiric core layer and the overlying surrounding rock layer used in the hypergravity experimental model were designed, and sufficient experimental materials were prepared. In a 1g constant gravity environment, the selected diapiric core layer simulation experimental material was filled into the material cavities 42-43 of the material injection system 26-29 that needed to be activated, and fully vented and compacted. Then, according to the test model design, the diapiric core simulation material and the surrounding rock layer simulation material were filled, vented and compacted in layers with the curvature of the curved stage 12 of the test area to make the initial test model. The rigid partition 13 was adjusted by adjusting the number of rigid strips 14 so that its top height was slightly higher than the estimated final height of the top of the test model. The experimental apparatus is then hoisted onto the experimental platform of a large arm centrifuge, with the longitudinal sidewall 3 of the apparatus arranged parallel to the vertical orientation of the platform. The three sub-test areas 1 are parallel to the centerline of the longitudinal sidewall 3 and coincide with the centerline of the centrifuge platform. A 3D scanner or other deformation monitoring equipment is then installed on top. The power cords of the servo motors 20 and reducers 21 of the material injection system 26-29 (planned for use in the experimental apparatus) are connected to the experimental power supply. The online control and data interaction cable is connected to the data acquisition interface on the centrifuge main unit. Figure 10Secure all loose mechanisms and wiring, and carefully check to ensure the normal operation of all indicators of the entire experimental system. Start the installed monitoring and measurement system, then start the large arm centrifuge and load it to the target g value. According to the experimental plan, the material injection system 26-29 injects the planned volume of diapiric nucleus experimental material into the experimental chamber at a set rate. Afterwards, stop the injection system 26-29 and continue operating in a stable hypergravity environment at the target g value until the experimental state or time set in the experimental plan. After the large arm centrifuge stops, stop the monitoring and testing system, disassemble the connection between the diapiric structure hypergravity simulation experimental device and the large arm centrifuge, lift the diapiric structure hypergravity simulation experimental device off the centrifuge's experimental platform, and conduct sampling and observation of the experimental model. Organize and analyze the monitoring data and information obtained during the hypergravity loading simulation experiment. The deformation time t of the hypergravity simulation experimental model... m The similarity relationship between the model and the geological deformation time t0 of the active diapiric structure prototype is shown in Equation (5), which can be used to estimate the actual geological deformation time represented by the model simulation process.

[0099]

[0100] Among them, t r The simulation similarity scaling factor represents the deformation time.

[0101] In the process of conducting a hypergravity simulation experiment of reactivating the diapiric structure on a large arm centrifuge using this diapiric structure simulation device, firstly, the injection systems 26-29 were not used, and the experimental material injection ports 18-19 were sealed with non-injection parts that were well connected to the curved stage 12. The target value of the hypergravity stable loading was set to no more than 200g, and the total height of the experimental model was limited to no more than 40cm. Based on the relationships (1)-(4), the similarity relationships of geometric length, material viscosity and density were determined to ensure that the similarity relationships between different materials in the experimental model and the corresponding prototype layers in the diapiric structure were consistent. The volume, viscosity and density parameters of the experimental materials of the diapiric core layer and the overlying surrounding rock layer used in the hypergravity experimental model were designed, and sufficient experimental materials were prepared. In a 1g constant gravity environment, the selected diapiric core simulation material is filled into the material cavities 42-43 of the injection system 26-29 to be activated, and fully vented and compacted. Then, according to the experimental model design, the diapiric core simulation material and surrounding rock simulation material are layered and filled, vented, and compacted to maintain the curvature of the curved platform 12 of the experimental area, creating an initial experimental model. A geologically weak zone structure corresponding to the geological prototype is pre-installed in the model. The rigid partition 13 is adjusted by the rigid strip 14 so that its top height is slightly higher than the estimated final height of the experimental model. The entire experimental device is then hoisted onto the experimental platform of a large arm centrifuge, with the longitudinal sidewall 3 of the experimental device arranged parallel to the vertical orientation of the experimental platform. A 3D scanner or other deformation monitoring equipment is installed on top. The power cords of the servo motor 20 and reducer 21 of the planned injection system 26-29 are connected to the experimental power supply, and the online control and data interaction cable is connected to the data acquisition interface on the centrifuge host. Secure all loose mechanisms and wiring, and carefully check to ensure the normal status of all indicators of the entire experimental system. Start the monitoring and measurement system installed with it, then start the large arm centrifuge and load it to the target g value. Then continue to run in the hypergravity environment with a stable target g value until the experimental state or experimental time set in the experimental scheme. After the large arm centrifuge stops, stop the supporting monitoring and testing system, disassemble the connection line between the diapiric tectonics hypergravity simulation experimental device and the large arm centrifuge, lift the diapiric tectonics hypergravity simulation experimental device off the experimental platform of the centrifuge, conduct sampling observations on the experimental model, and organize and analyze the monitoring data and information obtained during the hypergravity loading simulation experiment. The actual geological deformation time represented by the model simulation process can be estimated based on Equation (5).

[0102] In the process of conducting active diapiric swarm structure hypergravity simulation experiments using this diapiric structure simulation device on a large arm centrifuge, the following steps were taken: First, the type and quantity of pumping systems 26-29 were selected according to the type (ridge or dome) of the individual diapiric structure to be simulated, the planar dimensions of the test model were determined, and the rigid partition 13 in test area 1 was removed as needed. Following the similarity relationships for hypergravity simulation of geological structures given by Ramberg (1967) (Formulas 1-4), the target g value for stable hypergravity loading was set to no more than 200g, the total height of the test model was limited to no more than 40cm, and the similarity relationships of geometric length, material viscosity, and density were determined to ensure that the similarity relationships between different materials in the test model and the corresponding prototype layers in the diapiric structures were consistent. Fill the material cavity of the planned injection system 26-29 with experimental material; then, carry out model making, monitoring and testing, and experimental loading according to the process of a single active diapir structure hypergravity simulation experiment; when starting the selected injection system 26-29 to inject experimental material into the test area, the specific operation of different injection systems 26-29 should be performed according to the experimental plan until the experiment is completed.

[0103] In the process of conducting a hypergravity simulation experiment of reactivating a diapiric structure using this diapiric structure simulation device on a large arm centrifuge, the experimental scheme was first designed based on the prototype diapiric structure. Specifically, the weak zone in the overlying rock of the diapiric core layer required for the development of the reactivating diapiric structure was designed, without activating the injection system.26-29 According to the similarity relationship of hypergravity simulation of geological structures (Formulas 1-4), the target g-value for stable hypergravity loading was set to no more than 200g, and the total height of the experimental model was limited to no more than 40cm. The similarity relationships of geometric length, material viscosity, and density were determined to ensure that the similarity relationships between different materials in the experimental model and the corresponding prototype layers in the diapiric structure were consistent. The model was constructed, monitored, and loaded according to the process of active diapiric structure hypergravity simulation experiment until the experiment was completed.

[0104] The Bendipal structure hypergravity experimental device is mainly used for physical simulation experiments in the hypergravity environment of a large arm centrifuge. However, after replacing the curved stage 5 at the bottom of its test area 1 with a flat stage, it can also be used to conduct simulation experiments in a 1g normal gravity environment.

[0105] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-type diapiric structure hypergravity physics simulation experimental device, characterized in that: It includes a base plate (23), a base (9), a test area bottom plate (7), a test area shell, a diapir nucleus material injection system, and a drive system; the test area bottom plate (7) is located above the base plate (23), the test area bottom plate (7) and the base plate (23) are fixedly connected by the base (9), the test area shell with an open top is placed on the test area bottom plate (7), the diapir nucleus material injection system is located in the middle of the base (9), and the bottom end of the diapir nucleus material injection system is fixedly connected to the base plate (23), the drive system is placed on the base plate (23), and the drive system and the diapir nucleus material injection system are connected; The test area shell includes four side wall panels, a test area curved platform (12), and rigid partitions (13). The four side wall panels are connected end to end to form a rectangular frame with open ends and closed sides. The test area curved platform (12) is located in the middle of the bottom end of the rectangular frame, so that the rectangular frame and the test area curved platform (12) form a test chamber with an open top. The side wall panels in the rectangular frame along the long side of the device are used as longitudinal side walls (3), and the side wall panels in the rectangular frame along the short side of the device are used as transverse side walls (2). Two rigid partitions (13) are arranged parallel to each other in the test chamber along the long side of the device. The bottom and sides of the rigid partitions (13) are connected to the test area curved platform (12) and the longitudinal side walls (3) respectively. The two rigid partitions (13) divide the test chamber into three sub-test areas (1). The two detachable rigid partitions (13) divide the test area curved platform (12) into three test platform units. The bottom of the side wall panel is fixedly connected to the outer periphery of the test area base plate (7). The test area curved platform (12) is placed in the middle of the upper surface of the test area base plate (7). The test area curved platform (12) has four material injection ports spaced apart along the long side of the device. Three of the material injection ports are respectively opened in the middle of the three test platform units. The other material injection port is opened at the connection position between a rigid partition (13) and the test area curved platform (12). The test area base plate (7) has four through holes spaced apart along the long side of the device. The number and arrangement of the material injection ports in the test area curved platform (12) and the through holes in the test area base plate (7) are the same and aligned. The top of the bottom core material injection system is set at the through hole opened in the test area base plate (7). The centerline of the three sub-test areas (1) parallel to the longitudinal sidewall (3) should coincide with the centerline of the centrifuge test platform; The material injection port is a round hole material injection port (18) or a strip hole material injection port (19). The four material injection ports include three round hole material injection ports (18) and one strip hole material injection port (19). The two round hole material injection ports (18) and one strip hole material injection port (19) are respectively opened in the middle of the three test platform units. The third round hole material injection port (18) is opened at the midpoint of the connecting line of the two round hole material injection ports (18). The inside of the round hole material injection port (18) is fixedly installed with a round hole injection nozzle by a nozzle fixing screw (46). The round hole injection nozzle is either a single hole round hole injection nozzle (44) or a multi-hole round hole injection nozzle (47). The single hole round hole injection nozzle (44) has a single hole discharge channel (45), and the multi-hole round hole injection nozzle (47) has multiple multi-hole discharge channels (48). The single-hole discharge channel (45) and the multi-hole discharge channel (48) are connected to the round hole material cavity (42) respectively. The single-hole discharge channel (45) of the single-hole round hole injection nozzle (44) is a single round hole. The multi-hole round hole injection nozzle (47) is designed with multiple multi-hole discharge channels (48). The cross-sectional shape of the multi-hole discharge channel (48) is designed as a curved or broken line shape.

2. The multi-type diapiric structure hypergravity physics simulation experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The aforementioned diapir material injection system includes a first synchronous pulley (31), a bearing (33), a fixing ring (34), and a lead screw (35); the lead screw (35) is movably connected to the center hole of the first synchronous pulley (31), the fixing ring (34) is located above the bearing (33), the fixing ring (34) and the bearing (33) are both sleeved on the outer side wall of the lead screw (35), the fixing ring (34) and the bearing (33) are connected to the base plate (23) through the system fixing frame (30), and a plane bearing (41) is provided below the first synchronous pulley (31), the plane bearing (41) is fixedly connected to the base plate (23); The aforementioned diapir core material injection system adopts a round hole type material injection system (26-28) or a strip hole type injection system (29); the round hole type material injection system (26-28) further includes a piston connecting bolt (36), a round hole piston (37) and a round hole piston sealing ring (38), the round hole piston (37) is located above the lead screw (35), the round hole piston (37) and the lead screw (35) are fixedly connected by the piston connecting bolt (36), and the round hole piston sealing ring (38) is sealed and connected to the top of the round hole piston (37); the strip hole type injection system (29) further includes a strip hole piston (39) and a strip hole piston sealing ring (40), the bottom end of the strip hole piston (39) and the top end of the lead screw (35) are fixedly connected, and the strip hole piston sealing ring (40) is sealed and connected to the top end of the strip hole piston (39).

3. The multi-type diapiric structure hypergravity physics simulation experimental device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The drive system includes a servo motor (20), a reducer (21), and a motor support (22). The reducer (21) has a second synchronous pulley (32) inside. The reducer (21) is fixed on the base plate (23) through the motor support (22). The servo motor (20) is installed on the top of the reducer (21), and the output shaft of the servo motor (20) is coaxially connected with the second synchronous pulley (32) in the reducer (21). The second synchronous pulley (32) and the first synchronous pulley (31) are connected by a synchronous belt (24), so that the second synchronous pulley (32) drives the first synchronous pulley (31) to rotate.

4. The multi-type diapiric structure hypergravity physics simulation experimental device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The through hole in the middle of the test area base plate (7) is a round hole material cavity (42) or a strip hole material cavity (43). The round hole piston (37) at the top of the round hole material injection system (26-28) can be moved up and down in the round hole material cavity (42), and the strip hole piston (39) at the top of the strip hole injection system (29) can be moved up and down in the strip hole material cavity (43).

5. The multi-type diapiric structure hypergravity physics simulation experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner sidewall of the longitudinal sidewall (3) is provided with two partition sidewall slots (15) spaced apart along the long side of the device. Each partition sidewall slot (15) is arranged along the vertical direction. The top of the test area curved platform (12) is provided with two partition bottom slots (17) spaced apart along the long side of the device. Each partition bottom slot (17) is arranged along the short side of the device. The number and arrangement of the partition sidewall slots (15) in the longitudinal sidewall (3) and the partition bottom slots (17) in the test area curved platform (12) are the same and aligned. The bottom of the rigid partition (13) is embedded in the partition bottom slot (17). The two sides of the rigid partition (13) are respectively embedded in the partition sidewall slots (15) of the two longitudinal sidewalls (3).

6. The multi-type diapiric structure hypergravity physics simulation experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rigid partition (13) is mainly formed by several rigid strips (14) closely arranged along the vertical direction. Each rigid strip (14) is arranged along the short side of the device. The lowest rigid strip (14) in the rigid partition (13) is embedded in the bottom slot (17) of the partition. The two sides of the rigid strip (14) are respectively embedded in the partition side wall slots (15) of the two longitudinal side walls (3).

7. A method for simulating hypergravity using multiple types of diapirary structures in the apparatus described in any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: First, select the diapir nucleus simulation material and determine the amount, viscosity, and density of the diapir nucleus simulation material; In a 1g constant gravity environment, each selected diapiric nucleus simulation material was injected into the material cavity of each diapiric nucleus material injection system, and the diapiric nucleus simulation material in the material cavity was fully degassed and compacted. Step 2: Prepare a simulation test model Several types of surrounding rock strata simulation materials were taken, and the various simulation materials were layered and sequentially loaded into sub-test area 1 in the order of diapiric core simulation material and surrounding rock strata simulation material. After venting and compacting the layers, the initial simulation test model was made. Step 3: Hoist the device containing the simulated test model onto the experimental platform of the centrifuge, start the centrifuge and load it to the target g value. Monitor the deformation of the simulated test model in real time under a stable target g value in a hypergravity environment. When the device reaches the preset test state or test time, turn off the centrifuge to stop the experiment, remove the simulated test model, and obtain the actual geological deformation time based on the deformation time of the simulated test model. t 0: ； in, t m This indicates the deformation time of the hypergravity simulation test model. μ r This represents the ratio of the viscosity of the simulated test model to that of the actual geological body. ρ r This represents the ratio of the density of the simulated test model to that of the actual geological body. l r This indicates the ratio of the geometric dimensions of the simulated experimental model to those of the actual geological body. α r This represents the ratio of the acceleration of the simulated test model to that of the actual geological body.

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