Soilless culture nutrient solution and application thereof

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of plant cultivation technology, and more particularly to a soilless cultivation nutrient solution and its application. The nutrient solution comprises calcium salts, potassium salts, chelated iron, magnesium salts, manganese salts, zinc salts, copper salts, molybdenum salts, and borax; based on the molar amount of metal cations, the molar ratio of potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, boron, zinc, copper, and molybdenum is (9953–19907):(5998–17343):(3381–4690):(22–59):(25–43):(23–56):(16–24):(1–3):(1–2). Based on in-depth research into the different nutritional requirements of strawberries at different growth stages, this invention yields a nutrient solution suitable for specific growth stages of strawberries. Cultivating strawberries using this nutrient solution composition can effectively improve strawberry yield and quality, and is of great significance in the strawberry production field.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of plant cultivation technology, and in particular to a soilless cultivation nutrient solution and its application. Background Technology

[0002] Soil cultivation is the traditional method of strawberry production in my country. However, with the increase in the number of years of continuous cropping, the types and quantities of harmful fungi in the soil have gradually increased, leading to a weakening of the antagonistic effect between soil microorganisms and thus exacerbating the occurrence of soil-borne diseases. Under these circumstances, the use of agricultural chemicals has been increasing, and soil pollution problems have become increasingly serious, resulting in a decline in strawberry yield and quality.

[0003] To address this challenge, hydroponics has emerged as an innovative crop cultivation method that integrates modern agricultural technology with energy and water conservation. It does not rely on natural soil but cultivates crops in nutrient solutions or uses non-soil media such as gravel, vermiculite, and peat moss as a substrate. Nutrient solutions are artificially supplied to provide the crops with the nutrients needed for growth and development, enabling cultivation throughout their entire life cycle. Hydroponics offers advantages such as high water and fertilizer utilization efficiency, precise control of nutrient solution concentration, and overcoming continuous cropping obstacles. Compared to traditional soil cultivation, it possesses unparalleled superiority and has received increasing attention in recent years. The preparation and management of nutrient solutions are crucial in hydroponics. It directly affects crop growth, development, and yield, and also involves issues such as water and fertilizer conservation, cost reduction, and improved economic efficiency. Only by mastering this technology can the success of hydroponics be ensured. Practice has shown that strawberries have different nutrient requirements at different growth stages. In particular, changes in the content of macroelements such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) play a vital role in the growth, development, flowering, and fruiting of strawberries. Therefore, researching suitable nutrient solutions for different growth stages is of great significance for the growth, development, yield, and fruit quality of strawberries. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the problems existing in the prior art, this invention provides a soilless cultivation nutrient solution and its application.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a soilless culture nutrient solution, wherein the soilless culture nutrient solution comprises calcium salt, potassium salt, chelated iron, magnesium salt, manganese salt, zinc salt, copper salt, molybdenum salt and borax.

[0006] Based on the molar amount of metal cations, the molar ratio of potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, boron, zinc, copper and molybdenum is (9953~19907):(5998~17343):(3381~4690):(22~59):(25~43):(23~56):(16~24):(1~3):(1~2).

[0007] Furthermore, the mass ratio of total N, total P and total K in the nutrient solution is (4-9):(1-2):(6-13).

[0008] Further, the calcium salt is calcium nitrate and calcium ammonium nitrate; and / or, the potassium salt is potassium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium nitrate, and the chelated iron is DTPA-Fe; and / or, the magnesium salt is magnesium sulfate; and / or, the manganese salt is manganese sulfate; and / or, the zinc salt is zinc sulfate; and / or, the copper salt is copper sulfate; and / or, the molybdenum salt is sodium molybdate.

[0009] Furthermore, the Fe content in the DTPA-Fe is 4% to 8%.

[0010] In this invention, DTPA-Fe is ferric ammonium salt of diethylenetriaminepentaacetate.

[0011] Secondly, the present invention provides a concentrated storage solution for soilless cultivation nutrient solution, comprising the aforementioned nutrient solution.

[0012] Furthermore, including:

[0013]

[0014] This invention studies the nutrient requirements of strawberries at different growth stages during hydroponics. It finds that when the nutrient element ratios are within a certain range, appropriately increasing the proportions of nitrogen and potassium, and appropriately decreasing the proportions of phosphorus, calcium, iron, manganese, boron, and zinc in the nutrient solution used during the fruit-setting stage compared to the nutrient solution used during the seedling stage can significantly improve strawberry yield and quality. Therefore, two different nutrient solutions are provided for the seedling and fruit-setting stages.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment, the present invention provides a concentrated nutrient solution for soilless cultivation of seedlings, comprising:

[0016]

[0017] As a preferred embodiment, the present invention provides a concentrated nutrient solution for hydroponics during the fruit-setting stage, comprising:

[0018]

[0019] The present invention further provides the application of the nutrient solution, or the concentrated reserve of the nutrient solution for plant cultivation, in improving plant yield or quality.

[0020] Furthermore, the quality includes one or more of the following: single fruit weight, soluble solids content, or sugar-acid ratio.

[0021] Furthermore, the plant in question is a strawberry.

[0022] Furthermore, the plant is a plant cultivated in an elevated facility.

[0023] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0024] This invention conducts in-depth research on the characteristics of strawberry growth and development stages, obtaining an optimal nutrient element ratio for its growth, and based on this ratio, developing a soilless cultivation nutrient solution. The soilless cultivation nutrient solution provided by this invention, when applied to the soilless cultivation of strawberries, fully considers the nutrient element requirements of strawberries at different growth stages, the synergistic and antagonistic effects of each nutrient element on strawberry growth, and the regulation of strawberry growth status. It solves the problem of the lack of specificity and targeted application of nutrient solutions for soilless strawberry cultivation, effectively improving strawberry yield and quality, which has significant application value in the strawberry planting field. Attached Figure Description

[0025] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the preparation process of the soilless cultivation nutrient solution provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 2 This is a comparison chart of the basal stem diameter, maximum petiole length, maximum leaf length, maximum leaf width, maximum leaf inclination angle, chlorophyll content, and number of leaves of seedlings treated with the soilless cultivation nutrient solution (TK treatment group) and the Japanese Yamazaki strawberry nutrient solution (CK control group) as shown in Example 1 of this invention.

[0028] Figure 3 This is a comparison chart of photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration, transpiration rate and water vapor pressure difference of seedlings treated with soilless cultivation nutrient solution (TK treatment group) and Japanese Yamazaki strawberry nutrient solution (CK control group) as shown in Example 1 of this invention.

[0029] Figure 4 This is a comparison chart of the basal stem diameter, maximum petiole length, maximum leaf length, maximum leaf width, maximum leaf inclination angle, chlorophyll content, and number of leaves of the soilless cultivation nutrient solution (TK treatment group) and the Japanese Yamazaki strawberry nutrient solution (CK control group) shown in Example 1 of this invention, provided in Example 3 of this invention.

[0030] Figure 5This is a comparison chart of photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration, transpiration rate and water vapor pressure difference of the plants in the fruiting stage treated with the soilless cultivation nutrient solution (TK treatment group) and the seedling nutrient solution (CK control group) of Japanese Yamazaki strawberry as shown in Example 1, provided in Example 3 of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 6 This is a comparison chart of the soluble solids content, firmness, VC content, reducing sugar content, and titratable acid content of plant fruits treated with the soilless cultivation nutrient solution (TK treatment group) shown in Example 1 and the Japanese Yamazaki strawberry nutrient solution (CK control group) provided in Example 3 of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 7 This is a comparison chart of the yield and single fruit weight of plants treated with the soilless cultivation nutrient solution (TK treatment group) and the Japanese Yamazaki strawberry nutrient solution (CK control group) as shown in Example 1 of the present invention, provided in Example 3 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0033] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0034] Example 1

[0035] This embodiment provides a hydroponic nutrient solution, specifically comprising the following components (all components below include their hydrates):

[0036] Component A: Calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, calcium ammonium nitrate and chelated iron.

[0037] Component B: Potassium dihydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulfate, potassium nitrate, manganese sulfate, borax, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate, and sodium molybdate.

[0038] Component C: Potassium bicarbonate.

[0039] In practical use, it is prepared as a nutrient solution for the seedling stage and the fruit-setting stage. The specific preparation method is as follows (e.g. Figure 1 As shown):

[0040] 1. Weigh out one portion of each required compound in component A using an electronic scale according to a 100-fold concentration, and then mix them together;

[0041] 2. Place the weighed compounds of component A into a dark-colored storage container, add purified water and stir until fully dissolved. Then add water to bring the volume to 100L to prepare concentrated stock solution of component A for later use.

[0042] 3. Weigh out one portion of each required compound in component B using an electronic scale according to the 100-fold concentration, and then mix them together;

[0043] 4. Place the weighed compounds of component B into a dark-colored storage container, add purified water and stir until fully dissolved. Then add water to bring the volume to 100L to prepare a concentrated stock solution of component B for later use.

[0044] 5. Weigh an appropriate amount of component C, add purified water and stir until fully dissolved. This solution is then used as a concentrated stock solution of component C to adjust pH.

[0045] 6. When using, mix solutions A and B in a 1:1 ratio, dilute with water to the required conductivity. The conductivity used during the seedling stage is 0.6-0.8 mS / cm, and the conductivity of the nutrient solution used during the fruit setting stage is 0.8-1.0 mS / cm. Add solution C to adjust the pH to 5.5-6.5.

[0046] The following nutrient solutions were ultimately obtained for the seedling stage and the fruit setting stage:

[0047] Nutrient solution during seedling stage:

[0048] Each 1L of concentrated nutrient solution preparation includes:

[0049]

[0050] Nutrient solution during fruit setting period:

[0051] Each 1L of concentrated nutrient solution stock solution includes:

[0052]

[0053]

[0054] Example 2

[0055] This embodiment applies the concentrated nutrient solution for hydroponics provided in Example 1 to the hydroponics of strawberries. The specific process is as follows:

[0056] 1. Experimental materials

[0057] The Red Face strawberry variety was used, and commercially available substrate seedlings were purchased and disinfected before cultivation.

[0058] The cultivation container is an elevated cultivation trough filled with a mixed cultivation substrate.

[0059] 2. Seedling stage cultivation

[0060] Strawberry seedlings were planted in the substrate with a spacing of 20 cm between plants, resulting in a planting density of 8.75 plants / m². 2For seedling cultivation, the seedling nutrient solution 1 provided in Example 1 is used as a concentrated reserve solution. It is diluted to a working nutrient solution with an electrical conductivity of 0.6-0.8 mS / cm and a pH of 5.5-6.5 to irrigate strawberry seedlings. The irrigation amount is 120-150 mL / plant per day, divided into 1-2 irrigations. The larger the seedling, the higher the electrical conductivity and the larger the irrigation amount.

[0061] 3. Cultivation during the fruit setting period

[0062] After the first cluster of strawberry flowers opens, the strawberry plants enter the fruit setting period. During the fruit setting period, the concentrated reserve solution of the fruit setting nutrient solution 1 provided in Example 1 is used. It is diluted to a working solution with an electrical conductivity of 0.8-1.0 mS / cm and a pH of 5.5-6.5 to irrigate the strawberry plants. The irrigation amount is 200-250 mL / plant per day, divided into 2-3 irrigations. When the weather is sunny, the electrical conductivity is lower and the irrigation amount is higher. When the weather is cloudy, the electrical conductivity is higher and the irrigation amount is lower.

[0063] 4. Growth indicators, physiological indicators testing, and yield statistics

[0064] During the strawberry seedling and fruit-setting stages, growth indicators such as stem diameter at the base of the plant, maximum petiole length, maximum leaf length, maximum leaf width, maximum leaf angle, and number of leaves, as well as physiological indicators such as SPAD value and photosynthetic parameters, were measured twice. The SPAD value and photosynthetic parameters were obtained using appropriate instruments. Strawberry yield and fruit number were then tallied.

[0065] 5. Fruit quality inspection

[0066] The quality of soilless-grown strawberries was tested based on multiple indicators, including soluble solids content, firmness, vitamin C (VC) content, reducing sugar content, and titratable acid content.

[0067] The soluble solids content was determined according to the refractometer method in NY / T 2637—2014 Determination of Soluble Solids Content in Fruits and Vegetables; the hardness was measured by a hardness tester; the vitamin C content was determined according to the third method of 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol titration in GB 5009.86—2016 National Food Safety Standard for Determination of Ascorbic Acid in Food; the reducing sugar content was determined according to the 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid colorimetric method in NY / T 2742—2015 Determination of Soluble Sugars in Fruits and Fruit Products; and the titratable acid content was determined according to GB 12456—2021 National Food Safety Standard for Determination of Total Acid in Food.

[0068] Example 3

[0069] This embodiment uses Japanese Yamazaki strawberry nutrient solution for effect comparison. The specific method is the same as in Example 2, except that Japanese Yamazaki strawberry nutrient solution is used in both the seedling and fruit setting stages. The Japanese Yamazaki strawberry nutrient solution includes 236 mg / L calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, 303 mg / L potassium nitrate, 57 mg / L ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, and 123 mg / L magnesium sulfate heptahydrate (Soilless Cultivation [M]. Beijing: China Agricultural University Press).

[0070] The results of the comparative experiment at the seedling stage are as follows: Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, Figure 2 This is a comparison chart of seedling growth indicators and SPAD values ​​between the experimental and control groups. Stem diameter is an indicator that directly reflects the robustness of plant growth. It can be seen that strawberry seedlings cultivated with this nutrient solution (TK treatment group) showed a significant advantage in stem diameter, averaging about 0.4 cm thicker than those cultivated with Yamazaki nutrient solution (CK treatment group); their maximum petiole length and maximum leaf angle were also significantly greater than those of the control group. SPAD value is a parameter that measures the relative chlorophyll content of a plant. A higher SPAD value indicates a higher chlorophyll content in the plant, which is beneficial for photosynthesis. Figure 2 It is evident that the SPDA value of the strawberry seedlings in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group.

[0071] Figure 3 This is a bar chart of photosynthetic indicators for the experimental and control groups. Photosynthetic indicators include photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), and transpiration rate (Tr), directly reflecting the intensity of photosynthesis in the plant. The strawberry seedling stage is a vegetative growth period; more efficient photosynthesis can provide sufficient nutrients to the plant, ensuring robust growth. Figure 3 It can be seen that the strawberry seedlings cultivated in the nutrient solution provided by this invention show advantages over the Japanese Yamazaki strawberry nutrient solution in all three photosynthetic indicators. Specifically, the photosynthetic rate is approximately 3 μmol / (m²) higher. 2 •s); Stomatal conductivity is about 0.2 mol / (m 2 ·s); the transpiration rate is about 1 mmol / (m 2 ·s).

[0072] The results of the comparative experiment on the fruit setting period are as follows: Figures 4-7 As shown in the experimental data, under the same conditions, the "Hongyan" strawberry grown hydroponically using the nutrient solution of this invention is superior in quality and yield to the strawberry grown in the nutrient solution of Yamazaki, Japan.

[0073] Figure 4This is a comparison chart of plant growth indicators and SPAD values ​​between the nutrient solution provided by this invention and the control group using the nutrient solution from Yamazaki strawberries in Japan. There were no significant differences in any growth indicators and SPAD values ​​between the experimental and control groups during the fruit-setting period. Photosynthetic rate is an important indicator of plant growth; a higher photosynthetic rate means the plant produces more nutrients through photosynthesis, which is beneficial for yield and quality.

[0074] Figure 5 This is a comparison chart of the photosynthetic indicators of strawberry plants grown with the nutrient solution provided by this invention and the control group grown with the nutrient solution from Yamazaki, Japan, during the fruit-setting period. Figure 5 It can be seen that the average photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of strawberry plants treated with this nutrient solution are significantly higher than those of plants treated with the nutrient solution from Yamazaki, Japan. The difference is significant, indicating that the nutrient solution provided by this invention has a significant effect on promoting plant photosynthesis.

[0075] Figure 6 and Figure 7 This paper compares the fruit quality indicators and yield of strawberries grown with the nutrient solution provided by this invention and the control group grown with the nutrient solution from Yamazaki, Japan. The comparison shows that strawberries grown with the nutrient solution provided by this invention have higher soluble solids content, firmness (reflecting storage and transportation resistance), and vitamin C content, and lower titratable acid content (i.e., a higher sugar-acid ratio and better flavor), resulting in superior quality. The yield and single fruit weight of strawberries grown with the nutrient solution provided by this invention are also significantly higher than those grown with the Yamazaki nutrient solution control group.

[0076] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A soilless culture nutrient solution concentrate stock solution combination, characterized by, For hydroponic nutrient solution concentrates for strawberry seedlings, the following are included: Calcium nitrate tetrahydrate 21~25g / L, Calcium ammonium nitrate 75~90g / L Potassium dihydrogen phosphate 13~20g / L, Potassium nitrate 30~37g / L, Magnesium sulfate heptahydrate 31~42 g / L, Ferric ammonium diethylenetriaminepentaacetate (0.75~1.05 g / L) Manganese sulfate monohydrate 230~270 mg / L, Borax decahydrate 180~200mg / L Zinc sulfate monohydrate 140~160 mg / L, Copper sulfate pentahydrate 16~25 mg / L, Sodium molybdate 9~15mg / L; For hydroponic nutrient solution concentrates and stock solutions during the strawberry fruit-setting period, they include: Calcium nitrate tetrahydrate 45~54g / L, Calcium ammonium nitrate 29~35g / L Potassium dihydrogen phosphate 10~15g / L, Potassium nitrate 50~60g / L, Magnesium sulfate heptahydrate 31~43 g / L, Ferric ammonium diethylenetriaminepentaacetate 0.4~1 g / L Manganese sulfate monohydrate 155~200 mg / L, Borax decahydrate 80~100mg / L, Zinc sulfate monohydrate 110~150 mg / L, Copper sulfate pentahydrate 10~27 mg / L, Sodium molybdate 9~15mg / L.

2. The application of the soilless cultivation nutrient solution concentrate and reserve solution combination as described in claim 1 in improving strawberry yield and quality.

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