A synchronous construction method for tunnel lining, grouting and drainage hole
By using the Y-type floating turnout forward movement technology in TBM method construction, the simultaneous construction of tunnel lining, grouting and drainage holes was achieved, which solved the problems of extended construction period and increased cost in traditional construction and improved construction efficiency.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- CHINA RAILWAY 18TH BUREAU GRP CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2023-10-12
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-21
AI Technical Summary
In traditional TBM construction, the lining, grouting, and drainage hole construction of tunnels with a cross-section of less than 8 meters cannot be carried out simultaneously, resulting in extended construction period and increased costs.
The Y-type floating turnout forward movement technology was adopted to dismantle the tunnel bottom track system, clean the foundation and tie the steel bars, install the embedded parts, move the lining trolley forward, and carry out concrete pouring and grouting hole drilling. The lining, grouting and drainage hole construction were carried out simultaneously.
This enabled the simultaneous construction of tunnel lining, grouting, and drainage holes, shortening the construction cycle, reducing costs, and improving construction efficiency.
Smart Images
Figure CN117248936B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to a hydraulic tunnel constructed using the TBM method, and more particularly to a method for the simultaneous construction of tunnel lining, grouting, and drainage holes. Background Technology
[0002] With the continuous development of national infrastructure, there are more and more large-scale cross-regional water allocation projects being constructed. TBM tunnel boring machines are being used more and more in tunnel construction due to their safety, speed, efficiency and environmental protection features.
[0003] Traditional TBM (Tunnel Boring Machine) tunnel construction, due to space constraints and transportation scheduling limitations within the tunnel, requires the TBM to be dismantled after tunnel breakthrough before proceeding with remaining tunnel lining and other construction processes. With technological advancements, simultaneous TBM excavation and lining have been achieved in cross-sections of 8 meters or more; however, there are no precedents for simultaneous TBM excavation and lining in cross-sections below 8 meters. Existing cases all involve dismantling the TBM before lining construction, and then proceeding with grouting and drainage hole construction only after all lining work is completed.
[0004] Some hydraulic tunnel lining structures are designed as full-circle cast-in-place concrete linings. These lining structures are typically formed in one go using a full-circle needle beam lining trolley. The tunnel cross-section is generally relatively small. After the TBM (Tunnel Boring Machine) passes through, a rail transport system is laid at the bottom of the tunnel to transport construction materials. Before the full-circle needle beam trolley construction, the rail transport system is dismantled, and full-circle lining construction takes place. Because there are no transport tracks after the tunnel is lined, subsequent grouting and drainage hole construction must wait until the lining is completed and the trolley is dismantled before being organized. This method, due to the sequential construction of lining, grouting, and drainage holes, results in a long project duration, which is highly detrimental to project cost and schedule control. Summary of the Invention
[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for simultaneous construction of tunnel lining, grouting, and drainage holes.
[0006] The objective of this invention is achieved through the following technical solution: a method for simultaneous construction of tunnel lining, grouting, and drainage holes, comprising the following steps within the tunnel: 1) Move the Y-type floating turnout forward by 1-2 slabs of lining; 2) Dismantle the track system at the bottom of the tunnel in the forward-moving turnout section and transport it out of the tunnel; 3) Clean the tunnel foundation and rock surface, tie the lining reinforcement, and install the embedded parts; 4) Move the lining trolley forward, measure and lay out the formwork, place the formwork in place and seal it; 5) Concrete is mixed centrally outside the tunnel and transported into the tunnel. The concrete is then pumped into the formwork by a concrete pump to pour the lining concrete. 6) The lining trolley is moved forward for formwork removal and curing; 7) Repeat steps 1) to 6) for lining construction; 8) Cure the lining concrete to the required strength, measure, mark, and lay out the positions of the grouting holes and drainage holes; 9) Move the grouting drilling trolley, mobile grout storage tank, grouting tank, grouting machine, and grouting operation trolley into position and carry out grouting hole drilling operations; 10) The raw grout is mixed outside the tunnel and transported into the tunnel, and then pumped to a mobile storage tank via a slurry pump; 11) The raw slurry is diverted from the mobile slurry storage tank to the slurry preparation tank and mixed to the required ratio, and then grouting is carried out by the grouting pump and the hole is sealed; 12) Repeat steps 8) to 11) to perform grouting construction; 13) After grouting is completed and reaches the required strength, move the drainage hole work trolley forward and into position, and carry out drainage hole drilling operations; 14) After drilling the two rows of drainage holes, move the drainage hole work trolley forward and use the installation area of the rear half of the trolley to install the drainage hole components. 15) Repeat steps 13) to 14) to construct the drainage holes; 16) Repeat the above steps until the tunnel lining, grouting and drainage holes are all completed.
[0007] In step 5), after the lining concrete is centrally mixed at the mixing plant outside the tunnel, it is transported to the lining operation area by rail-guided concrete transport trucks through the tunnel transportation system, and then the concrete is delivered to the lining trolley for pouring using a concrete pump.
[0008] In steps 9), 10), and 11), a grouting drilling rig is used to drill grouting holes and to perform grouting operations. The raw grout (the most concentrated grade grout, hereinafter referred to as raw grout) is mixed centrally outside the tunnel and transported to the Y-shaped floating turnout end of the lining operation area via a rail-guided grout transport tanker through the tunnel transportation system. The raw grout is unloaded into a temporary storage tank and then pumped to a mobile storage tank. The raw grout is then diverted from the mobile storage tank to a grout preparation tank. According to the grout mix ratio requirements, water is added to adjust the raw grout to the required ratio. The prepared grout is then diverted to the grouting machine and injected into the surrounding rock using a grouting pump.
[0009] In steps 13) and 14), the drainage hole drilling rig is arranged in the drilling area of the front half of the drainage hole operation trolley, and the position of the drilling rig is arranged according to the design position of the drainage hole. After the trolley is moved into place, the drilling operation begins. After the drilling is completed, the drainage hole operation trolley is moved forward two rows of drainage hole positions to continue the next cycle of drainage hole drilling operation. At the same time as drilling, the drainage hole components that have just been drilled are installed in the installation area of the drainage hole operation trolley.
[0010] Due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the present invention has the advantages of convenient construction and low cost. It can be used to carry out the construction of tunnel lining, grouting and drainage holes simultaneously, shortening the construction cycle, improving construction efficiency and reducing construction costs. Attached Figure Description
[0011] The accompanying drawings of this invention are described below: Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the longitudinal section layout for simultaneous construction of hydraulic tunnel lining, grouting and drainage holes; Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the plan layout for simultaneous construction of hydraulic tunnel lining, grouting and drainage holes; Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional layout of the full-circle lining trolley; Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional layout of the grouting trolley; Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional layout of the mobile slurry storage tank; Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional layout of the slurry tank and grouting machine; Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the three-hole cross-section drilling rig layout of the drainage hole operation trolley; Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the two-hole cross-section drilling rig layout on the drainage hole operation trolley; Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional layout of the drainage hole installation frame of the drainage hole operation trolley. Detailed Implementation
[0012] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to these embodiments. Any improvements or substitutions based on the basic spirit of these embodiments shall still fall within the scope of protection claimed by the claims of the present invention.
[0013] Example 1: As Figure 1 , 2 As shown in Figures 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9, a method for simultaneous construction of tunnel lining, grouting, and drainage holes is carried out in tunnel 1 using the following steps: 1) Move the Y-type floating turnout forward by 1-2 slabs of lining; 2) Dismantle the track system at the bottom of the tunnel in the forward-moving turnout section and transport it out of the tunnel; 3) Clean the tunnel foundation and rock surface, tie the lining reinforcement, and install the embedded parts; 4) Move the lining trolley forward, measure and lay out the formwork, place the formwork in place and seal it; 5) Concrete is mixed centrally outside the tunnel and transported into the tunnel. The concrete is then pumped into the formwork by a concrete pump to pour the lining concrete. 6) The lining trolley is moved forward for formwork removal and curing; 7) Repeat steps 1) to 6) for lining construction; 8) Cure the lining concrete to the required strength, measure, mark, and lay out the positions of the grouting holes and drainage holes; 9) Move the grouting drilling trolley, mobile grout storage tank, grouting tank, grouting machine, and grouting operation trolley into position and carry out grouting hole drilling operations; 10) The raw grout is mixed outside the tunnel and transported into the tunnel, and then pumped to a mobile storage tank via a slurry pump; 11) The raw slurry is diverted from the mobile slurry storage tank to the slurry preparation tank and mixed to the required ratio, and then grouting is carried out by the grouting pump and the hole is sealed; 12) Repeat steps 8) to 11) to perform grouting construction; 13) After grouting is completed and reaches the required strength, move the drainage hole work trolley forward and into position, and carry out drainage hole drilling operations; 14) After drilling the two rows of drainage holes, move the drainage hole work trolley forward and use the installation area of the rear half of the trolley to install the drainage hole components. 15) Repeat steps 13) to 14) to construct the drainage holes; 16) Repeat the above steps until the tunnel lining, grouting and drainage holes are all completed.
[0014] To further describe, in step 5), after the lining concrete is centrally mixed at the mixing plant outside the tunnel, it is transported to the lining work area by rail-guided concrete transport trucks through the tunnel's transportation system, and then the concrete is pumped into the lining trolley for pouring using a concrete pump.
[0015] Further description: In steps 9), 10), and 11), a grouting drilling rig is used to drill grouting holes and to perform grouting operations. The raw grout (the most concentrated grade grout, hereinafter referred to as raw grout) is centrally mixed outside the tunnel and transported to the Y-shaped floating turnout end of the lining operation area via a rail-guided grout transport tanker through the tunnel transport system. The raw grout is unloaded into a temporary storage tank and then pumped to a mobile storage tank. The raw grout is diverted from the mobile storage tank to a grout preparation tank. According to the grout mix ratio requirements, water is added to adjust the raw grout to the required ratio. The prepared grout is then diverted to the grouting machine and injected into the surrounding rock using a grouting pump.
[0016] Further, in steps 13) and 14), the drainage hole drilling rig is positioned in the front half of the drilling area of the drainage hole work trolley, with the rig's position arranged according to the designed drainage hole locations. After the trolley is in place, drilling begins. After drilling is completed, the drainage hole work trolley is moved forward two rows of drainage hole positions to continue the next cycle of drainage hole drilling. Simultaneously with drilling, the drainage hole components that have just been drilled are installed in the drainage hole work trolley installation area.
[0017] In this invention, the construction work area is divided into four parts: material conversion area, lining work area, grouting work area, and drainage hole work area.
[0018] The material transfer area is equipped with a Y-type floating turnout 12 for material loading and unloading operations. Material transport within the tunnel continues to utilize a rail transport system. A Y-type floating turnout 12 is installed above the track system 11 in front of the lining trolley 2, changing the track system 11 at the lining trolley 2 end to a double track. Fixed wheel stops 16 are installed on the top of the rails of the Y-type floating turnout 12 to prevent the transport locomotives 13 from falling off the rail ends, ensuring transport safety. A concrete pump 15 is installed at the lining trolley 2 end of one track of the Y-type floating turnout 12 for concrete pumping operations. A temporary grout storage tank 17 is installed at the lining trolley 2 end of the other track, used to transfer the grout transported by rail to a mobile grout storage tank 4 via the temporary grout storage tank 17 and a slurry pump. The Y-type floating turnout 12 can realize operations such as dismantling and loading the track system 11, unloading and loading steel bars, passing, pumping concrete and transferring slurry, enabling simultaneous construction on multiple work surfaces and accelerating the construction progress.
[0019] The lining work area is divided into two parts: the reinforcement work area and the concrete pouring work area. The reinforcement work area is the first half of the lining work area, where the reinforcement bars for the lining are installed; the concrete pouring work area is the second half of the lining work area, where the concrete for the lining is poured.
[0020] (1) Reinforcing steel work area: Before the reinforcing steel work, the Y-type floating turnout 12 needs to be moved forward a certain distance, and the track system 11 of that section needs to be dismantled and transported outside the tunnel for the installation of the reinforcing steel of that section. After the reinforcing steel installation is completed, the next cycle of reinforcing steel installation will be carried out.
[0021] (2) Concrete pouring operation area: After the steel reinforcement is installed, the lining trolley 2 is moved forward, the formwork is laid out and then sealed, and the lining concrete is transported to the lining operation area by rail concrete transport tanker 14. The concrete is then transported to the lining trolley 2 for pouring by concrete pump 15.
[0022] The grouting operation area is divided into three parts: the drilling area, the grout preparation area, and the grouting area. Both the grouting drilling trolley 3 and the grouting operation trolley 8 are moved by figure-eight rubber wheels 32 at their bottoms. The outer side of the operation platform 31 is equipped with a telescopic platform 33. At the top of the upper operation platform 31, at the tunnel arch position, a top-level operation platform 34 is set up. Workers can stand on the operation platforms 31 at each level and the top-level operation platform 34 to carry out drilling and grouting operations.
[0023] (1) Drilling area: Set up 1 grouting drilling trolley 3 for workers to drill grouting holes.
[0024] (2) Pulping area: The pulping area is equipped with a mobile slurry storage tank 4, a slurry tank 6 and a grouting machine 7.
[0025] The mobile slurry storage tank 4 is equipped with figure-eight rubber wheels 44 at its bottom for mobility. A screen 41 is installed on the top of the tank, and stirring blades 42 are installed inside. A motor 45 is located on one side of the mobile slurry storage tank 4, driving a rotating shaft 43 with the stirring blades 42 welded to it to rotate, achieving continuous stirring of the slurry. A valve 46 is installed at one end of the bottom of the mobile slurry storage tank 4 for slurry diversion.
[0026] The slurry preparation tank 6 and the grouting machine 7 are integrated into one unit, with figure-eight rubber wheels 64 at the bottom for mobility. Both are equipped with stirring blades 62 / 71 inside. A motor 61 is located on one side of the slurry preparation tank 6, driving a rotating shaft with the welding stirring blades 62. The rotating shafts of the slurry preparation tank 6 and the grouting machine 7 are connected by a chain drive 63, enabling continuous stirring of the slurry. A grouting pump 72 is installed at one end of the grouting machine 7 for grouting operations.
[0027] The grout used for grouting (the most concentrated grade grout, hereinafter referred to as raw grout) is centrally mixed outside the tunnel and transported to the end of the Y-shaped floating turnout 12 via a rail-guided grout transport tanker 14. The raw grout is then unloaded into a temporary storage tank 17 and transported to a mobile storage tank 4 via a slurry pump and a delivery pipe 5. The raw grout is then diverted from the mobile storage tank 4 to a mixing tank 6. According to the grout mix ratio requirements, water is added to adjust the raw grout to the required ratio. The prepared grout is then diverted to the grouting machine 7, and the grouting pump 72 is used to inject the grout into the surrounding rock. Multiple mixing tanks 6 and grouting machines 7 can be equipped to meet the continuous injection of grouts with different ratios.
[0028] (3) Grouting area: Set up a grouting operation trolley 8. The structure of the grouting operation trolley 8 is the same as that of the grouting drilling operation trolley 3. The operators stand on the grouting operation trolley 8 to carry out grouting operations, and then seal the opening after completion.
[0029] The drainage hole operation area utilizes a drainage hole operation trolley 9, which is divided into a drilling area 91 and an installation area 92. These areas are used for drilling drainage holes and installing drainage hole components, respectively. The drainage hole operation trolley 9 moves using figure-eight rubber wheels 94. An installation platform 93 is installed on top of the upper working platform in the installation area 92, allowing workers to stand on each level of the platform to perform drilling and installation of drainage holes.
[0030] (1) Drilling area: located in the front half of the drainage hole operation trolley 9. Since the drainage holes 10 of the hydraulic tunnel are arranged in a quincunx pattern and are evenly radially distributed within a certain range of the tunnel arch, generally in alternating arrangements of 3 holes and 2 holes, the drilling rigs on the drainage hole operation trolley 9 are fixedly set according to the designed hole positions of the drainage holes 10. In this embodiment, two rows of drainage hole drilling rigs are arranged according to a row of 3 holes and a row of 2 holes, with the row spacing of the two rows of drainage hole drilling rigs being the same as the designed row spacing of the drainage holes 10. The drainage hole drilling rigs are divided into inclined drainage hole drilling rigs 95 and vertical drainage hole drilling rigs 97 according to the hole positions. The inclined drainage hole drilling rig 95 is fixed to the top working platform of the drainage hole operation trolley 9 by support rods 951 and lugs 952, and the vertical drainage hole drilling rig 97 is fixed to the bracket 96 by lugs. A total of 5 drilling rigs are arranged in drilling area 91. After the drainage hole work trolley 9 is in place, the operators stand on the working platform on top of the drainage hole work trolley 9 and can simultaneously operate the 5 drainage hole drilling rigs to drill drainage holes 10. After the drainage holes 10 are drilled, the drainage hole work trolley 9 is moved forward two rows of drainage hole positions to begin drilling the next row of drainage holes 10. (2) Installation area: located in the rear half of the drainage hole work platform 9. After the drainage hole work platform 9 moves forward two rows of drainage hole positions, the drainage hole 10 that has just been drilled arrives above the installation area 92 of the drainage hole work platform 9. The operator stands on the installation platform 93 on the top of the drainage hole work platform 9 to install the drainage hole 10 component.
Claims
1. A method for simultaneous construction of tunnel lining, grouting, and drainage holes, characterized in that, in The following steps will be performed inside the tunnel: 1) Move the Y-type floating turnout forward by 1-2 slabs of lining; 2) Dismantle the track system at the bottom of the tunnel in the forward-moving turnout section and transport it out of the tunnel; 3) Clean the tunnel foundation and rock surface, tie the lining reinforcement, and install the embedded parts; 4) Move the lining trolley forward, measure and lay out the formwork, place the formwork in place and seal it; 5) Concrete is mixed centrally outside the tunnel and transported into the tunnel. The concrete is then pumped into the formwork by a concrete pump to pour the lining concrete. 6) The lining trolley is moved forward for formwork removal and curing; 7) Repeat steps 1) to 6) for lining construction; 8) Cure the lining concrete to the required strength, measure, mark, and lay out the positions of the grouting holes and drainage holes; 9) Move the grouting drilling trolley, mobile grout storage tank, grouting tank, grouting machine, and grouting operation trolley into position and carry out grouting hole drilling operations; 10) The raw grout is mixed outside the tunnel and transported into the tunnel, and then pumped to a mobile storage tank via a slurry pump; 11) The raw slurry is diverted from the mobile slurry storage tank to the slurry preparation tank and mixed to the required ratio, and then grouting is carried out by the grouting pump and the hole is sealed; 12) Repeat steps 8) to 11) to perform grouting construction; 13) After grouting is completed and reaches the required strength, move the drainage hole work trolley forward and into position, and carry out drainage hole drilling operations; 14) After drilling the two rows of drainage holes, move the drainage hole work trolley forward and use the installation area of the rear half of the trolley to install the drainage hole components. 15) Repeat steps 13) to 14) to construct the drainage holes; 16) Repeat the above steps until the tunnel lining, grouting and drainage holes are all completed.
2. The method for simultaneous construction of tunnel lining, grouting, and drainage holes as described in claim 1, characterized in that: in In step 5), after the lining concrete is centrally mixed at the mixing plant outside the tunnel, it is transported to the lining operation area by rail-guided concrete transport trucks through the tunnel transportation system, and then the concrete is transported to the lining trolley for pouring by concrete pumps.
3. The method for simultaneous construction of tunnel lining, grouting, and drainage holes as described in claim 2, characterized in that: in In steps 9), 10), and 11), a grouting drilling rig is used to drill grouting holes and to perform grouting operations. The raw grout is mixed centrally outside the tunnel and transported to the Y-shaped floating turnout end of the lining operation area via a rail-guided grout transport tanker through the tunnel's transport system. The raw grout is unloaded into a temporary storage tank and then pumped to a mobile storage tank. The raw grout is then diverted from the mobile storage tank to a grout preparation tank. According to the grout mix ratio requirements, water is added to adjust the raw grout to the required ratio. The prepared grout is then diverted to the grouting machine and injected into the surrounding rock using a grouting pump.
4. The method for simultaneous construction of tunnel lining, grouting, and drainage holes as described in claim 3, characterized in that: in In steps 13) and 14), the drainage hole drilling rig is arranged in the drilling area of the front half of the drainage hole operation trolley, and the position of the drilling rig is arranged according to the design position of the drainage hole. After the trolley is moved into place, the drilling operation begins. After the drilling is completed, the drainage hole operation trolley is moved forward two rows of drainage hole positions to continue the next cycle of drainage hole drilling operation. At the same time as drilling, the drainage hole components that have just been drilled are installed in the installation area of the drainage hole operation trolley.