A method for measuring and judging the flatness of tunnel initial support shotcrete

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of building construction, and particularly relates to a tunnel initial support shotcrete flatness measurement and judgment method, which comprises a mounting base used for integrated installation of three laser parts, the laser part comprises a detection cylinder and a laser sensor, the laser sensor is mounted on the inner wall of the detection cylinder, one end of the detection cylinder is provided with a sealing cover made of acrylic material through a bolt, the upper surface of the laser sensor is fixedly provided with a servo motor, the main shaft of the servo motor penetrates through the outer surface of the sealing cover and is fixedly sleeved with a scraper with an H-shaped structure, and the positions of the two laser parts are controlled through an adjusting device mounted at the rear end of the mounting base. The tunnel initial support shotcrete flatness measurement and judgment method controls the shotcrete amount of the tunnel inner wall through the cooperation of the two laser sensors and the setting of the laser part, so that the flatness of the tunnel inner wall is uniform, and the tunnel is convenient for processing in the later period.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of building construction technology, and in particular to a method for measuring and judging the flatness of shotcrete in the initial support of tunnels. Background Technology

[0002] Construction refers to the production activities during the implementation phase of a project. It is the process of building various types of buildings, or the process of turning the lines on the design drawings into physical objects at a designated location.

[0003] In tunnel engineering, after blasting, the inner wall of the tunnel is irregular and has many pits and depressions. Shotcrete is a commonly used support material, and controlling its thickness is an important factor in ensuring the quality of the project. However, in the traditional shotcrete construction process, the thickness measurement is often difficult and inaccurate. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Based on existing technical problems, this invention proposes a method for measuring and judging the flatness of shotcrete in the initial support of tunnels.

[0005] This invention proposes a method for measuring and judging the flatness of shotcrete in the initial support of tunnels, including an installation base for integrating three laser units. Each laser unit includes a detection cylinder and a laser sensor. The laser sensor is installed on the inner wall of the detection cylinder. One end of the detection cylinder is fitted with an acrylic sealing cover by bolts. A servo motor is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the laser sensor. The main shaft of the servo motor extends through the outer surface of the sealing cover and is fixedly fitted with an H-shaped scraper.

[0006] The positions of the laser units on both sides are controlled by an adjustment device installed at the rear of the mounting base. An alarm is installed above the middle laser unit. The laser unit detects the distance between the laser sensor and the tunnel wall. The distance measured by the middle laser sensor is A2, and the value of A2 changes as concrete is sprayed. The distance measured by the one-sided laser sensor is A1. A reserved angle α is formed between the middle laser sensor and the one-sided laser sensor. When cosα*A1=A3, if A2>A3, it means that concrete needs to be sprayed on the tunnel wall. If A2≈A3, it means that the concrete spraying on the tunnel wall has reached the required smoothness, and the alarm is triggered.

[0007] Preferably, the adjustment device includes a drive mechanism and a motion mechanism, wherein the drive mechanism is used to control the motion mechanism to adjust the laser unit.

[0008] The motion mechanism is used to drive the laser units on both sides to deflect at an angle.

[0009] Preferably, cleaning sponge strips are inserted and installed on the inner walls of both ends of the scraper, a transition ring is fixedly sleeved on the outer surface of the main shaft of the servo motor, a sealing ring is rotatably sleeved on the inner wall of the transition ring, a water inlet pipe is fixedly sleeved on the inner wall of the sealing ring, and a distribution water pipe that is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the scraper is fixedly sleeved on the inner wall of one end of the transition ring.

[0010] Through the above technical solution, the water inlet pipe delivers cleaning water to the transition ring, and then the distribution water pipe guides the water to the cleaning sponge strip to clean the surface of the sealing cover, ensuring that the laser sensor can be used normally.

[0011] Preferably, the drive mechanism includes a guide seat fixed to the rear surface of the mounting base and a bearing seat fixed to the upper surface of the mounting base. A load-bearing frame is slidably inserted into the inner wall of the guide seat, and a guide cylinder is fixedly sleeved on the upper inner wall of the load-bearing frame. A telescopic rod with a T-shaped frustum structure is movably sleeved on the inner wall of the guide cylinder.

[0012] Through the above technical solution, the guide seat and bearing seat support the load-bearing seat, the load-bearing frame integrates and installs the drive mechanism and motion mechanism, and the guide cylinder guides and limits the telescopic rod.

[0013] Preferably, a drive rack is fixedly connected to one end of the telescopic rod, and two symmetrically distributed connecting plates are fixedly connected to the rear end surface of the load-bearing frame. One side surface of the two connecting plates is fixedly connected by a splicing plate with a U-shaped structure.

[0014] Through the above technical solution, the load-bearing frame supports the connecting plate, and the splicing plate connects the two connecting plates.

[0015] Preferably, the inner walls of the two connecting plates are respectively mounted with a first connecting shaft and a second connecting shaft arranged vertically via bearings. A drive motor is fixedly mounted on one side surface of one of the connecting plates, and the main shaft end face of the drive motor is fixedly connected to one end surface of the first connecting shaft. A transmission gear and a first bevel gear are respectively fixedly sleeved on the middle outer surfaces of the first connecting shaft and the second connecting shaft, and the transmission gear meshes with the drive rack for transmission.

[0016] Through the above technical solution, two connecting plates are used to install the first connecting shaft and the second connecting shaft. Since the first connecting shaft and the second connecting shaft are installed through bearings, the first connecting shaft and the second connecting shaft can rotate. The first connecting shaft is used to install the transmission gear. Through the meshing of the transmission gear and the drive rack, the drive rack is controlled to move when the transmission gear rotates.

[0017] Preferably, one end of each of the first connecting shaft and the second connecting shaft extends to one side of the connecting plate and is respectively fixedly sleeved with a first pulley and a second pulley, and the first pulley and the second pulley are connected by a transmission belt.

[0018] Through the above technical solution, the first connecting shaft and the second connecting shaft are respectively installed on the first pulley and the second pulley, and the first connecting shaft and the second connecting shaft are made to run synchronously through the transmission belt.

[0019] Preferably, the inner wall of the splicing plate is equipped with a drive threaded rod via a bearing. The free end of the drive threaded rod is rotatably sleeved with the inner wall of the bearing seat. A second bevel gear is fixedly sleeved on the outer surface of the end of the drive threaded rod near the first bevel gear. The first bevel gear and the second bevel gear mesh and drive each other. The lower inner wall of the load-bearing frame is threadedly engaged with the outer surface of the drive threaded rod.

[0020] The above technical solution controls the rotation of the threaded rod by the meshing of the first and second bevel gears, and controls the movement of the load-bearing frame within the guide seat by the rotation of the threaded rod.

[0021] Preferably, the motion mechanism includes a mounting frame installed on the upper surface of the load-bearing frame. The inner wall of the mounting frame is hinged with two cross-arranged adjustment seats by a pin. One side surface of each of the two adjustment seats is fixedly connected with a support pile, and one end of the support pile is fixedly connected to the rear end surface of the detection cylinder.

[0022] The above technical solution uses a mounting frame to support the adjustment seat, and the position of the support pile is controlled by rotating the adjustment seat.

[0023] Preferably, the upper surfaces of both adjustment seats are provided with a moving groove in the shape of a straight slot. One end of the adjustment seat is fitted with a docking frame through a connecting shaft and the moving groove. One side surface of the docking frame is fixedly connected to one end surface of the telescopic rod.

[0024] The above technical solution allows the docking frame and the adjusting seat to move in a groove, enabling the adjusting seat to deflect at an angle, making it suitable for operating on different tunnel walls.

[0025] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0026] 1. By setting up a laser unit, the amount of sprayed concrete on the tunnel inner wall is controlled with the cooperation of two laser sensors, so that the flatness of the tunnel inner wall is uniform, which facilitates the later processing of the tunnel.

[0027] 2. By setting up a drive mechanism, the drive motor controls the first connecting shaft to rotate, which in turn drives the transmission gear and the first pulley to rotate. Through the transmission between the first pulley and the second pulley, the second connecting shaft rotates with the rotation of the first connecting shaft. When the second connecting shaft rotates, the first bevel gear also rotates. Through the cooperation of the first bevel gear and the second bevel gear, the drive threaded rod is rotated, which drives the load-bearing frame to move.

[0028] 3. By setting up a motion mechanism, the drive rack is controlled to move the telescopic rod inside the guide cylinder under the drive of the transmission gear. Through the cooperation of the docking frame and the adjustment seat, the two support piles drive the detection cylinders on both sides to adjust the angle. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1 This is a measurement and analysis plan design diagram for a method for measuring and judging the flatness of shotcrete in the initial support of tunnels, as proposed in this invention.

[0030] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional view of the adjustment device for a method of measuring and judging the flatness of shotcrete in the initial support of a tunnel, as proposed in this invention.

[0031] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional view of the detection cylinder structure of the method for measuring and judging the flatness of shotcrete in the initial support of tunnels proposed in this invention.

[0032] Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional diagram of the laser sensor structure for a method of measuring and judging the flatness of shotcrete in the initial support of a tunnel, as proposed in this invention.

[0033] Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional view of the guide tube structure of the method for measuring and judging the flatness of shotcrete in the initial support of tunnels proposed in this invention.

[0034] Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional view of the telescopic rod structure of the method for measuring and judging the flatness of shotcrete in the initial support of tunnels proposed in this invention.

[0035] Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional view of the drive rack structure of the method for measuring and judging the flatness of shotcrete in the initial support of tunnels proposed in this invention.

[0036] Figure 8 This is a three-dimensional view of the docking frame structure for a method of measuring and judging the flatness of shotcrete in the initial support of a tunnel proposed in this invention.

[0037] Figure 9 This is a three-dimensional view of the drive threaded rod structure of the method for measuring and judging the flatness of shotcrete in the initial support of tunnels proposed in this invention.

[0038] In the diagram: 1. Mounting base; 2. Detection cylinder; 21. Laser sensor; 22. Sealing cover; 23. Servo motor; 24. Scraper; 25. Cleaning sponge strip; 26. Transition ring; 27. Sealing ring; 28. Water inlet pipe; 29. ​​Distribution water pipe; 210. Alarm; 3. Guide seat; 31. Bearing seat; 32. Load-bearing frame; 33. Guide cylinder; 34. Telescopic rod; 35. Drive rack; 36. Connecting plate; 37. Splicing plate; 38. First connecting shaft; 39. Second connecting shaft; 310. Drive motor; 311. Transmission gear; 312. First bevel gear; 313. First pulley; 314. Second pulley; 315. Drive threaded rod; 316. Second bevel gear; 4. Mounting frame; 41. Adjusting seat; 42. Support pile; 43. Moving groove; 44. Connecting frame. Detailed Implementation

[0039] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.

[0040] Reference Figures 1-9 A method for measuring and judging the flatness of shotcrete in the initial support of a tunnel includes an installation base 1 for integrating three laser units. Each laser unit includes a detection cylinder 2 and a laser sensor 21. The laser sensor 21 is installed on the inner wall of the detection cylinder 2. To seal the detection cylinder 2, an acrylic sealing cover 22 is bolted to one end of the detection cylinder 2. To drive the scraper 24 and clean the dust on the outer surface of the sealing cover 22, preventing the laser sensor 21 from malfunctioning if dust covers the sealing cover 22, a servo motor 23 is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the laser sensor 21. The main shaft of the servo motor 23 passes through the outer surface of the sealing cover 22 and is fixedly sleeved with an H-shaped scraper 24. Furthermore, to clean the surface of the sealing cover 22, cleaning sponge strips 25 are inserted and installed on the inner walls of both ends of the scraper 24.

[0041] To drain the cleaning water into the cleaning sponge strip 25, a transition ring 26 is fixedly sleeved on the outer surface of the main shaft of the servo motor 23, and a sealing ring 27 is rotatably sleeved on the inner wall of the transition ring 26. Furthermore, a water inlet pipe 28 is fixedly sleeved on the inner wall of the sealing ring 27, and a distribution water pipe 29, which is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the scraper 24, is fixedly sleeved on the inner wall of one end of the transition ring 26. The water inlet pipe 28 delivers the cleaning water into the transition ring 26, and then the distribution water pipe 29 guides the water into the cleaning sponge strip 25 to clean the surface of the sealing cover 22, ensuring that the laser sensor 21 can be used normally.

[0042] To synchronize the positions of the two laser units, the positions of the two laser units are controlled by an adjustment device installed at the rear end of the mounting base 1. To stop the spraying device after the flatness of the tunnel inner wall reaches a preset value, an alarm 210 is installed above the middle laser unit. To detect the flatness of the spray, the laser unit detects the distance between the laser sensor 21 and the tunnel inner wall. The distance measured by the middle laser sensor 21 is A2, and the value of A2 changes as the concrete is sprayed. A3 is a preset value. The distance measured by the laser sensor 21 on one side is A1. A reserved angle α is formed between the middle laser sensor 21 and the laser sensor 21 on one side. When cosα*A1=A3, if A2>A3, it means that the tunnel inner wall needs to continue spraying concrete. If A2≈A3, it means that the concrete spraying of the tunnel inner wall has reached the required flatness, and the alarm 210 is activated.

[0043] By setting up a laser unit, the amount of sprayed concrete on the tunnel inner wall is controlled in cooperation with two laser sensors 21, so that the flatness of the tunnel inner wall is uniform, which facilitates the later processing of the tunnel.

[0044] like Figure 2 and Figures 5-9 As shown, the adjustment device includes a drive mechanism and a motion mechanism. The drive mechanism is used to control the motion mechanism to adjust the laser unit. The drive mechanism includes a guide seat 3 fixed to the rear surface of the mounting base 1 and a bearing seat 31 fixed to the upper surface of the mounting base 1. In order to install the drive mechanism and the motion mechanism, a load-bearing frame 32 is slidably inserted into the inner wall of the guide seat 3. In order to guide and limit the telescopic rod 34, a guide cylinder 33 is fixedly sleeved on the upper inner wall of the load-bearing frame 32. The telescopic rod 34 with a T-shaped frustum structure is movably sleeved on the inner wall of the guide cylinder 33. The guide seat 3 and the bearing seat 31 support the load-bearing frame. The drive mechanism and the motion mechanism are integrated and installed through the load-bearing frame 32. The guide cylinder 33 guides and limits the telescopic rod 34.

[0045] To control the movement of the telescopic rod 34 within the guide cylinder 33, a drive rack 35 is fixedly connected to one end of the telescopic rod 34. To install the first connecting shaft 38 and the second connecting shaft 39, two symmetrically distributed connecting plates 36 are fixedly connected to the rear end surface of the load-bearing frame 32. Furthermore, to install one end of the drive threaded rod 315, the two connecting plates 36 are fixedly connected on one side surface by a U-shaped splicing plate 37. The load-bearing frame 32 supports the connecting plates 36, and the splicing plate 37 connects the two connecting plates 36 together.

[0046] Furthermore, a first connecting shaft 38 and a second connecting shaft 39, arranged vertically, are respectively mounted on the inner walls of the two connecting plates 36 via bearings. To mount the drive source, a drive motor 310 is fixedly mounted on one side surface of one of the connecting plates 36, and the spindle end face of the drive motor 310 is fixedly connected to one end surface of the first connecting shaft 38. To control the movement of the drive rack 35 by rotating the first connecting shaft 38, a transmission gear 311 and a first bevel gear 312 are respectively fixedly sleeved on the outer surface of the middle portion of the first connecting shaft 38 and the second connecting shaft 39. The transmission gear 311 meshes with the drive rack 35 for transmission. Through the meshing of the transmission gear 311 with the drive rack 35, the drive rack 35 is controlled to move when the transmission gear 311 rotates. The two connecting plates 36 mount the first connecting shaft 38 and the second connecting shaft 39. Since the first connecting shaft 38 and the second connecting shaft 39 are mounted via bearings, the first connecting shaft 38 and the second connecting shaft 39 can rotate. The first connecting shaft 38 mounts the transmission gear 311.

[0047] Furthermore, in order to make the first connecting shaft 38 and the second connecting shaft 39 rotate synchronously, one end of the first connecting shaft 38 and the second connecting shaft 39 extends to one side of the connecting plate 36 and is respectively fixedly sleeved with a first pulley 313 and a second pulley 314, and the first pulley 313 and the second pulley 314 are connected by a transmission belt. The first connecting shaft 38 and the second connecting shaft 39 are respectively installed on the first pulley 313 and the second pulley 314, and the first connecting shaft 38 and the second connecting shaft 39 run synchronously through the transmission belt.

[0048] To control the rotation of the drive threaded rod 315, a drive threaded rod 315 is mounted on the inner wall of the splicing plate 37 via a bearing, and the free end of the drive threaded rod 315 is rotatably sleeved with the inner wall of the bearing seat 31. Furthermore, a second bevel gear 316 is fixedly sleeved on the outer surface of the end of the drive threaded rod 315 near the first bevel gear 312, so that the first bevel gear 312 and the second bevel gear 316 mesh and transmit power. In order to move the hollow support frame 32 within the guide seat 3 through the rotation of the drive threaded rod 315, the lower inner wall of the support frame 32 is threadedly engaged with the outer surface of the drive threaded rod 315. The rotation of the drive threaded rod 315 controls the rotation of the drive threaded rod 315, and the rotation of the drive threaded rod 315 controls the movement of the support frame 32 within the guide seat 3.

[0049] By setting up a drive mechanism, the drive motor 310 controls the first connecting shaft 38 to rotate, which in turn drives the transmission gear 311 and the first pulley 313 to rotate. Through the transmission between the first pulley 313 and the second pulley 314, the second connecting shaft 39 rotates with the rotation of the first connecting shaft 38. When the second connecting shaft 39 rotates, the first bevel gear 312 also rotates. Through the cooperation of the first bevel gear 312 and the second bevel gear 316, the drive threaded rod 315 is controlled to rotate, which drives the load-bearing frame 32 to move.

[0050] like Figure 2 and Figures 5-9 As shown, the motion mechanism is used to drive the laser units on both sides to deflect at an angle. The motion mechanism includes a mounting frame 4 mounted on the upper surface of the support frame 32. In order to install the two adjusting seats 41, two cross-arranged adjusting seats 41 are hinged to the inner wall of the mounting frame 4 by pins. In order to connect the adjusting seats 41 with the detection cylinder 2, support piles 42 are fixedly connected to one side surface of each of the two adjusting seats 41, and one end of the support pile 42 is fixedly connected to the rear end surface of the detection cylinder 2. The mounting frame 4 supports the adjusting seats 41, and the rotation of the adjusting seats 41 controls the support piles. At position 42, in order to control the angle deflection of the two adjusting seats 41, a moving groove 43 with a straight slot-shaped structure is opened on the upper surface of the two adjusting seats 41. A docking frame 44 is installed at one end of the adjusting seat 41 through a connecting shaft and cooperating with the moving groove 43. When the docking frame 44 moves forward or backward, the docking shaft of the docking frame 44 slides in the moving groove 43. One side surface of the docking frame 44 is fixedly connected to one end surface of the telescopic rod 34. The docking frame 44 cooperates with the moving groove 43 of the adjusting seat 41, so that the adjusting seat 41 can deflect at an angle. This is suitable for operation on different tunnel inner walls.

[0051] By setting up a motion mechanism, the drive rack 35 is controlled by the transmission gear 311 to drive the telescopic rod 34 to move inside the guide cylinder 33. Through the cooperation of the docking frame 44 and the adjusting seat 41, the two support piles 42 drive the detection cylinders 2 on both sides to adjust their angles.

[0052] Working principle: When spraying concrete onto the inner wall of the tunnel, the distance between the laser sensor 21 on one side and the inner wall of the tunnel after the concrete has been sprayed is first detected. The distance measured by the laser sensor 21 in the middle is A2. The value of A2 changes as the concrete is sprayed. The distance measured by the laser sensor 21 on one side is A1. A reserved angle α is formed between the laser sensor 21 in the middle and the laser sensor 21 on one side. When cosα*A1=A3, when A2>A3, it means that the inner wall of the tunnel needs to continue to be sprayed with concrete. When A2≈A3, it means that the concrete on the inner wall of the tunnel has been sprayed to the required smoothness. The alarm 210 is activated. While detecting the smoothness, the servo motor 23 drives the scraper 24 to rotate. The water inlet pipe 28 delivers cleaning water to the transition ring 26, and then the water distribution pipe 29 guides the water to the cleaning sponge strip 25 to clean the surface of the sealing cover 22, ensuring that the laser sensor 21 can be used normally.

[0053] When the position of the laser units on both sides needs to be adjusted, the drive motor 310 is energized, and the drive motor 310 controls the first connecting shaft 38 to rotate, which in turn drives the transmission gear 311 and the first pulley 313 to rotate. Through the transmission between the first pulley 313 and the second pulley 314, the second connecting shaft 39 is controlled to rotate with the rotation of the first connecting shaft 38. When the second connecting shaft 39 rotates, the first bevel gear 312 also rotates. Through the cooperation of the first bevel gear 312 and the second bevel gear 316, the drive threaded rod 315 is controlled to rotate. Then, under the drive of the transmission gear 311, the drive rack 35 is controlled to drive the telescopic rod 34 to move inside the guide cylinder 33. Through the cooperation of the docking frame 44 and the adjusting seat 41, the two support piles 42 drive the detection cylinders 2 on both sides to adjust their angles. At the same time, the drive threaded rod 315 drives the load-bearing frame 32 to move, controlling the detection cylinder 2 to move linearly.

[0054] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for measuring and judging the flatness of shotcrete in the initial support of a tunnel, characterized in that: The system includes a mounting base (1) for integrating three laser units. Each laser unit includes a detection cylinder (2) and a laser sensor (21). The laser sensor (21) is mounted on the inner wall of the detection cylinder (2). One end of the detection cylinder (2) is bolted to an acrylic sealing cap (22). A servo motor (23) is fixedly mounted on the upper surface of the laser sensor (21). The main shaft of the servo motor (23) extends through the outer surface of the sealing cap (22) and is fixedly fitted with an H-shaped scraper (24). The positions of the laser units on both sides are controlled by the adjustment device installed at the rear end of the mounting base (1), and an alarm (210) is installed above the laser unit in the middle. The laser unit detects the distance between the laser sensor (21) and the inner wall of the tunnel. The distance measured by the laser sensor (21) in the middle is A2. The value of A2 changes with the spraying of concrete. The distance measured by the laser sensor (21) on one side is A1. A reserved angle α is formed between the laser sensor (21) in the middle and the laser sensor (21) on one side. When cosα*A1=A3, when A2>A3, it means that the inner wall of the tunnel needs to continue to spray concrete. When A2≈A3, it means that the concrete spraying of the inner wall of the tunnel has reached the required flatness. The alarm (210) is controlled to sound an alarm. The adjustment device includes a drive mechanism and a motion mechanism, wherein the drive mechanism is used to control the motion mechanism to adjust the laser unit; The motion mechanism is used to drive the laser units on both sides to deflect at an angle.

2. The method for measuring and judging the smoothness of shotcrete in the initial support of a tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: Cleaning sponge strips (25) are inserted into the inner walls of both ends of the scraper (24). A transition ring (26) is fixedly sleeved on the outer surface of the main shaft of the servo motor (23). A sealing ring (27) is rotatably sleeved on the inner wall of the transition ring (26). A water inlet pipe (28) is fixedly sleeved on the inner wall of the sealing ring (27). A distribution water pipe (29) that is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the scraper (24) is fixedly sleeved on the inner wall of one end of the transition ring (26).

3. The method for measuring and judging the smoothness of shotcrete in the initial support of a tunnel according to claim 2, characterized in that: The drive mechanism includes a guide seat (3) fixed to the rear surface of the mounting base (1) and a bearing seat (31) fixed to the upper surface of the mounting base (1). A load-bearing frame (32) is slidably inserted into the inner wall of the guide seat (3). A guide cylinder (33) is fixedly sleeved on the upper inner wall of the load-bearing frame (32). A telescopic rod (34) with a T-shaped frustum structure is movably sleeved on the inner wall of the guide cylinder (33).

4. The method for measuring and judging the smoothness of shotcrete in the initial support of a tunnel according to claim 3, characterized in that: One end of the telescopic rod (34) is fixedly connected to a drive rack (35), and the rear end surface of the load-bearing frame (32) is fixedly connected to two symmetrically distributed connecting plates (36), and one side surface of the two connecting plates (36) is fixedly connected by a splicing plate (37) with a U-shaped structure.

5. The method for measuring and judging the smoothness of shotcrete in the initial support of a tunnel according to claim 4, characterized in that: The inner walls of the two connecting plates (36) are respectively equipped with a first connecting shaft (38) and a second connecting shaft (39) arranged vertically via bearings. A drive motor (310) is fixedly installed on one side surface of one of the connecting plates (36), and the spindle end face of the drive motor (310) is fixedly connected to one end surface of the first connecting shaft (38). A transmission gear (311) and a first bevel gear (312) are respectively fixedly sleeved on the middle outer surfaces of the first connecting shaft (38) and the second connecting shaft (39). The transmission gear (311) meshes with the drive rack (35) for transmission.

6. The method for measuring and judging the smoothness of shotcrete in the initial support of a tunnel according to claim 5, characterized in that: One end of the first connecting shaft (38) and the second connecting shaft (39) extends to one side of the connecting plate (36) and is respectively fixedly sleeved with a first pulley (313) and a second pulley (314). The first pulley (313) and the second pulley (314) are connected by a transmission belt.

7. The method for measuring and judging the smoothness of shotcrete in the initial support of a tunnel according to claim 6, characterized in that: The inner wall of the splicing plate (37) is equipped with a drive threaded rod (315) through a bearing. The free end of the drive threaded rod (315) is rotatably sleeved with the inner wall of the bearing seat (31). A second bevel gear (316) is fixedly sleeved on the outer surface of the end of the drive threaded rod (315) near the first bevel gear (312). The first bevel gear (312) and the second bevel gear (316) mesh and drive each other. The lower inner wall of the load-bearing frame (32) is threadedly engaged with the outer surface of the drive threaded rod (315).

8. The method for measuring and judging the smoothness of shotcrete in the initial support of a tunnel according to claim 7, characterized in that: The motion mechanism includes a mounting frame (4) mounted on the upper surface of the load-bearing frame (32). The inner wall of the mounting frame (4) is hinged with two cross-arranged adjustment seats (41). One side surface of each of the two adjustment seats (41) is fixedly connected with a support pile (42). One end of the support pile (42) is fixedly connected to the rear end surface of the detection cylinder (2).

9. The method for measuring and judging the smoothness of shotcrete in the initial support of a tunnel according to claim 8, characterized in that: The upper surfaces of the two adjustment seats (41) are provided with a moving groove (43) with a straight groove opening structure. One end of the adjustment seat (41) is connected to the moving groove (43) through a connecting shaft and a docking frame (44) is installed. One side surface of the docking frame (44) is fixedly connected to one end surface of the telescopic rod (34).

Images