A method for cascade breeding of sturgeon and sea bass in mountainous area

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of aquaculture, and especially to a mountainous sturgeon and grouper stepwise breeding method, comprising the following steps: (1) sturgeon breeding in the upper step area, and (2) grouper breeding in the high-position pond in the lower step area. The present application combines the growth and breeding characteristics of sturgeons and groupers during the breeding process, fully utilizes the underground water resources in the mountainous area, effectively improves the utilization of resources, increases the breeding benefits, and achieves the effect of reducing cost and increasing efficiency. Through targeted feed nutrition strengthening design, the growth promoting effect of plant active substances is utilized, the plant active substances are put into the feed after extraction, and the growth of the bred sturgeons and groupers is promoted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of aquaculture, and in particular to a tiered farming method for sturgeon and bass in mountainous areas. Background Technology

[0002] Sturgeon is a specialty aquaculture species in Guizhou Province, where sturgeon production ranks among the top in the country. The main farming methods include flow-through aquaculture and factory farming, which have yielded significant economic benefits. However, problems remain, such as low resource utilization, extensive management, and poor fish digestibility. Furthermore, sturgeon farming is primarily monoculture, resulting in low resource utilization.

[0003] Largemouth bass (Siniperca chuatsi) is a popular specialty fish among consumers, and its production has increased significantly in recent years. Largemouth bass are not tolerant of low temperatures; the optimal growth temperature is 20–30°C. The required dissolved oxygen level in the water is above 1.5 mg / L.

[0004] To improve the economic efficiency of aquaculture in mountainous areas, the co-culture of sturgeon and bass (largemouth bass) is being explored. Therefore, those skilled in the art have proposed a method for sturgeon and bass tiered culture. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the problems existing in the prior art, this invention provides a tiered aquaculture method for sturgeon and bass in mountainous areas. By designing and arranging the tiered aquaculture ponds, water resources are fully utilized, and through optimized aquaculture methods, both sturgeon and bass receive a favorable growth environment. The specific solution is as follows:

[0006] A tiered farming method for sturgeon and bass in mountainous areas includes the following steps:

[0007] (1) The aquaculture pond is set up in stages.

[0008] Select mountain caves or underground cold water inlets to set up seedling cultivation basins, flowing water culture ponds, and elevated culture ponds in stages. The seedling cultivation basins and flowing water culture ponds are used as sturgeon culture areas, while the elevated culture ponds are used as bass culture areas.

[0009] (2) Sturgeon farming in the upper tier

[0010] Seedling cultivation: Sturgeon fry are stocked in sturgeon ponds at a density of 5,000 fish per acre. After stocking, the fry are fed at fixed points, with 6-9% of a nutritional improver added to the feed. Once the fry have matured, the sturgeon are gradually sorted and fed according to their size.

[0011] Commercial sturgeon farming: Sturgeon fry with a size of 0.5 catties / fish are raised and transferred to the farming area in January of each year. The density is 1,000-2,000 fish / mu. The sturgeon are screened by size once a month and can be harvested and sold in December of the same year.

[0012] (3) Bass farming in the high-level ponds of the lower-level area

[0013] A Water Treatment

[0014] The water discharged from sturgeon farming is pumped into a high-water-level aquaculture pond to raise the water temperature to 23-25℃. Adsorption substrate is then placed in the water at a rate of 73-84 kg per acre, and duckweed is placed near the adsorption substrate.

[0015] B. Release the bass

[0016] When the water in the elevated culture pond turns slightly green, oxygen is injected into the pond, and bass fry are introduced at a density of 9,000 fry per acre. The culture can then proceed as usual.

[0017] Further, in step (1), the preparation method of the nutritional improver is as follows: by mass, 10-15 parts of lacquer tree leaves, 15-18 parts of perilla leaves, 3-5 parts of garlic, 33-69 parts of motherwort, and 2-3 parts of salvia miltiorrhiza are mixed and pulverized into 100-200 mesh powder. The moisture content of the powder is adjusted to 70-80%, and the mixture is sealed and allowed to stand at 50-55℃ for 1-2 hours. 140-150 parts of ethanol are added, and the mixture is allowed to stand at 35-38℃ for 3-5 hours. The mixture is then treated with ultrasound for 20-30 minutes, filtered, and the filtrate and residue a are obtained. Hydroxyapatite is added to the obtained filtrate, and the filtrate is adsorbed at 50-53℃. The mixture is then filtered, and the filtrate is collected and dried under reduced pressure to obtain extract b.

[0018] Mix the above filter residue a with citric acid solution at a mass ratio of 1:18, heat to 80-90℃, stir for 30-40 minutes, filter, concentrate and dry the filtrate under reduced pressure to obtain mixture c, and mix extract b and extract c to obtain the nutritional improver.

[0019] Furthermore, the mass ratio of the filtrate to hydroxyapatite is 1:0.8-0.99.

[0020] Furthermore, the citric acid solution has a mass fraction of 12-15%.

[0021] Further, in step (2), the method for preparing the adsorption matrix is ​​as follows: by mass, 34-45 parts of corn stalks, 1-2 parts of bamboo charcoal, 3-5 parts of potato starch, 1-2 parts of agar, and 450-480 parts of water are mixed, heated to 120-130℃, kept warm for 30-40 minutes, and the mixture is prepared into a thin sheet with a thickness of 0.5-1.2 cm; 1-2 parts of EM bacterial solution are diluted 10-15 times, coated on the thin sheet, and cultured at 25-28℃ for 4-5 hours to obtain the adsorption matrix.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the technical effects of the present invention are reflected in:

[0023] This invention combines the nutritional characteristics of sturgeon and bass during the aquaculture process, making full use of water resources and avoiding mutual interference between the two species. This reduces aquaculture costs and results in higher quality sturgeon and bass. Through targeted feed fortification and nutritional design, the growth-promoting effects of plant-based active substances are extracted and added to the feed to promote the growth of farmed sturgeon and bass. Plant-based feed is more nutritious, environmentally friendly, and inexpensive, reducing feed costs and increasing yield and quality. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This invention relates to a sturgeon fry rearing pond (basin) inside a karst cave.

[0025] Figure 2 The sturgeon flowing water culture pond of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 The present invention relates to a high-level bass farming pond;

[0027] Figure 4 This invention provides a cross-sectional view of a stepped aquaculture system; where 1 is the water outlet, 2 is the sturgeon fry rearing pond in the upper step, 3 is the sturgeon rearing pond in the upper step, and 4 is the bass rearing pond in the lower step. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The technical solution of the present invention will be further defined below with reference to specific embodiments, but the scope of protection is not limited to the description made.

[0029] Example 1

[0030] A tiered aquaculture method for sturgeon and bass in mountainous areas, the specific implementation method is as follows: Figure 1-4 This includes the following steps:

[0031] (1) The aquaculture pond is set up in stages.

[0032] Select mountain caves or underground cold water inlets to set up seedling cultivation basins and high-level culture ponds in stages. The seedling cultivation basins and flowing water culture ponds are used as sturgeon culture areas, while the high-level culture ponds are used as bass culture areas.

[0033] (2) Sturgeon farming in the upper tier

[0034] Seedling cultivation: Sturgeon fry (20g / fish) are stocked in seedling cultivation basins at a stocking density of 5000 fish / acre; after the fry are stocked, they are fed at fixed points, and 6% of nutritional improver is added to the feed. Once the fry have matured, the sturgeon are gradually screened and fed according to their size.

[0035] Commercial sturgeon farming: Sturgeon fry with a size of 0.5 catties / tail are raised and transferred to flowing water aquaculture ponds in January of each year, with a density of 1000 fish / mu. The sturgeon are screened by size once a month and can be harvested and sold in December of the same year.

[0036] The preparation method of the nutritional improver is as follows: by weight, 10 parts of lacquer tree leaves, 15 parts of perilla leaves, 3 parts of garlic, 33 parts of motherwort, and 2 parts of salvia miltiorrhiza are mixed and pulverized into 100-mesh powder. The moisture content of the powder is adjusted to 70%, and the mixture is sealed and allowed to stand at 50°C for 1 hour. 140 parts of ethanol are added, and the mixture is allowed to stand at 38°C for 5 hours. The mixture is then treated with ultrasound for 30 minutes and filtered to obtain filtrate and residue a. Hydroxyapatite is added to the obtained filtrate and adsorbed at 53°C. The mixture is then filtered, and the filtrate is collected and dried under reduced pressure to obtain extract b.

[0037] The above filter residue a is mixed with citric acid solution at a mass ratio of 1:18, heated to 80°C, stirred for 30 min, filtered, and the filtrate is concentrated and dried under reduced pressure to obtain mixture c. The nutritional improver is obtained by mixing extract b and extract c.

[0038] The mass ratio of the filtrate to hydroxyapatite is 1:0.8; the mass fraction of the citric acid solution is 12%.

[0039] (3) Bass farming in the high-level ponds of the lower-level area

[0040] A Water Treatment

[0041] The water discharged from sturgeon farming is pumped to a high-level aquaculture pond to raise the water temperature to 23℃. Adsorption substrate is then placed in the water at a rate of 73kg per acre, and duckweed is placed near the adsorption substrate.

[0042] The method for preparing the adsorption matrix is ​​as follows: by weight, 34 parts corn stalks, 1 part bamboo charcoal, 3 parts potato starch, 1 part agar, and 450 parts water are mixed, heated to 120°C, and kept warm for 30 minutes. The mixture is then prepared into a thin sheet with a thickness of 0.5 cm. 1 part EM bacterial solution is diluted 10 times and coated on the thin sheet. The mixture is then incubated at 25°C for 4 hours to obtain the adsorption matrix.

[0043] B. Release the bass

[0044] When the water quality of the high-level aquaculture pond is slightly green, oxygen is injected into the high-level aquaculture pond, and fish fry are released. The fish fry density is 9,000 fish / acre. When feeding the bass, the feed is mixed with the nutritional improver in step (1) at a ratio of 18:1-1.3, and conventional aquaculture can be carried out.

[0045] Example 2

[0046] A tiered farming method for sturgeon and bass in mountainous areas includes the following steps:

[0047] (1) The aquaculture pond is set up in stages.

[0048] Select mountain caves or underground cold water inlets to set up seedling cultivation basins, flowing water culture ponds, and elevated culture ponds in stages. The seedling cultivation basins and flowing water culture ponds are used as sturgeon culture areas, while the elevated culture ponds are used as bass culture areas.

[0049] (2) Sturgeon farming in the upper tier

[0050] Seedling cultivation: Sturgeon fry (20g / fish) are stocked in seedling cultivation basins at a stocking density of 5000 fish / acre; after the fry are stocked, they are fed at fixed points with 9% nutritional improver added to the feed. Once the fry have matured, the sturgeon are gradually screened and fed according to their size.

[0051] Commercial sturgeon farming: Sturgeon fry with a size of 0.5 catties / tail are raised and transferred to flowing water aquaculture ponds in January of each year, with a density of 2,000 fish / mu. The sturgeon are screened by size once a month and can be harvested and sold in December of the same year.

[0052] The preparation method of the nutritional improver is as follows: by weight, 15 parts of lacquer tree leaves, 18 parts of perilla leaves, 5 parts of garlic, 69 parts of motherwort, and 3 parts of salvia miltiorrhiza are mixed and pulverized into 200-mesh powder. The moisture content of the powder is adjusted to 80%, and the mixture is sealed and allowed to stand at 55°C for 2 hours. Then, 150 parts of ethanol are added, and the mixture is allowed to stand at 38°C for 5 hours. The mixture is then treated with ultrasound for 30 minutes and filtered to obtain filtrate and residue a. Hydroxyapatite is added to the filtrate and adsorbed at 53°C. The mixture is then filtered, and the filtrate is collected and dried under reduced pressure to obtain extract b.

[0053] The above filter residue a is mixed with citric acid solution at a mass ratio of 1:18, heated to 90°C, stirred for 40 min, filtered, and the filtrate is concentrated and dried under reduced pressure to obtain mixture c. The nutritional improver is obtained by mixing extract b and extract c.

[0054] The mass ratio of the filtrate to hydroxyapatite is 1:0.99; the mass fraction of the citric acid solution is 15%.

[0055] (2) Bass farming in the lower-level high-level pond

[0056] A Water Treatment

[0057] The water discharged from sturgeon farming is pumped to a high-level aquaculture pond to raise the water temperature to 25℃. Adsorption substrate is then placed in the water at a rate of 84kg per acre, and duckweed is placed near the adsorption substrate.

[0058] The method for preparing the adsorption matrix is ​​as follows: by weight, 45 parts corn stalks, 2 parts bamboo charcoal, 5 parts potato starch, 2 parts agar, and 480 parts water are mixed, heated to 130℃, and kept warm for 40 minutes. The mixture is then prepared into a thin sheet with a thickness of 1.2 cm. 2 parts EM bacterial solution are diluted 15 times and coated on the thin sheet. The mixture is then incubated at 28℃ for 5 hours to obtain the adsorption matrix.

[0059] B. Release the bass

[0060] When the water in the elevated culture pond turns slightly green, oxygen is injected into the pond, and fish fry are introduced at a density of 9,000 fry per acre. The culture can then proceed as usual.

[0061] Example 3

[0062] A tiered farming method for sturgeon and bass in mountainous areas includes the following steps:

[0063] (1) The aquaculture pond is set up in stages.

[0064] Select mountain caves or underground cold water inlets to set up seedling cultivation basins, flowing water culture ponds, and elevated culture ponds in stages. The seedling cultivation basins and flowing water culture ponds are used as sturgeon culture areas, while the elevated culture ponds are used as bass culture areas.

[0065] (2) Sturgeon farming in the upper tier

[0066] Seedling cultivation: Sturgeon fry (20g / fish) are stocked in seedling cultivation basins at a stocking density of 5000 fish / acre; after the fry are stocked, they are fed at fixed points, and 7% of a nutritional improver is added to the feed. Once the fry have matured, the sturgeon are gradually screened and fed according to their size.

[0067] Commercial sturgeon farming: Sturgeon fry with a size of 0.5 catties / tail are raised and transferred to flowing water aquaculture ponds in January of each year, with a density of 1600 fish / mu. The sturgeon are screened by size once a month and can be harvested and sold in December of the same year.

[0068] The preparation method of the nutritional improver is as follows: by mass, 15 parts of lacquer tree leaves, 15 parts of perilla leaves, 5 parts of garlic, 33 parts of motherwort, and 3 parts of salvia miltiorrhiza are mixed and pulverized into 100-mesh powder. The moisture content of the powder is adjusted to 80%, and the mixture is sealed and allowed to stand at 50°C for 2 hours. Then, 140 parts of ethanol are added, and the mixture is allowed to stand at 38°C for 3 hours. The mixture is then treated with ultrasound for 30 minutes and filtered to obtain filtrate and residue a. Hydroxyapatite is added to the filtrate and adsorbed at 53°C. The mixture is then filtered, and the filtrate is collected and dried under reduced pressure to obtain extract b.

[0069] The above filter residue a is mixed with citric acid solution at a mass ratio of 1:18, heated to 90°C, stirred for 30 min, filtered, and the filtrate is concentrated and dried under reduced pressure to obtain mixture c. The nutritional improver is obtained by mixing extract b and extract c.

[0070] The mass ratio of the filtrate to hydroxyapatite is 1:0.99; the mass fraction of the citric acid solution is 12%.

[0071] (3) Bass farming in the high-level ponds of the lower-level area

[0072] A Water Treatment

[0073] The water discharged from sturgeon farming is pumped to a high-level aquaculture pond to raise the water temperature to 25℃. Adsorption substrate is then placed in the water at a rate of 73kg per acre, and duckweed is placed near the adsorption substrate.

[0074] The method for preparing the adsorption matrix is ​​as follows: by weight, 45 parts corn stalks, 1 part bamboo charcoal, 5 parts potato starch, 1 part agar, and 480 parts water are mixed, heated to 120°C, and kept warm for 40 minutes. The mixture is then prepared into a thin sheet with a thickness of 0.5 cm. 2 parts EM bacterial solution are diluted 15 times and coated on the thin sheet. The mixture is then incubated at 25°C for 5 hours to obtain the adsorption matrix.

[0075] B. Release the bass

[0076] When the water in the elevated culture pond turns slightly green, oxygen is injected into the pond, and fish fry are introduced at a density of 9,000 fry per acre. The culture can then proceed as usual.

[0077] Scale settings:

[0078] Comparative Example 1 The difference from Example 1 is that hydroxyapatite was not used for adsorption during the preparation of the nutrient improver in step (1); Comparative Example 2 The difference from Example 1 is that lacquer tree leaves were not used in the preparation of the nutrient improver in step (1).

[0079] Experimental Example 1

[0080] Sturgeon fry rearing ponds, such as Figure 3 Sturgeon farming ponds, such as Figure 1 High-water-level aquaculture ponds for bass, such as Figure 2 Largemouth bass were selected as the sea bass. The fishpond was divided into sections, and the fish were cultured according to Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-2, respectively. After the sturgeon reached maturity, they were harvested. The activity of antioxidant enzymes and the content of catalase in the muscle tissue were determined using a kit provided by Qingqi (Shanghai) Biotechnology Development Co., Ltd. Pepsin was detected in the viscera. The survival rate of the sea bass was recorded monthly by net fishing. The results are as follows:

[0081] Catalase (U / mg) Pepsin (U / mg prot) Sea bass survival rate Example 1 0.93 1.29 87.23% Example 2 0.87 1.37 91.12% Example 3 0.85 1.31 85.35% Comparative Example 1 0.61 0.86 76.08% Comparative Example 2 0.52 0.71 73.34%

[0082] As can be seen from the table, the sturgeon raised according to the method of the present invention in Examples 1-3 had high catalase and pepsin content in their muscles. Obviously, the sturgeon had better environmental adaptability and stronger feed conversion ability in aquaculture.

Claims

1. A method for stepwise breeding of sturgeon and sea bass in mountainous areas, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: (1) hierarchical arrangement of the breeding pond selecting a cave or an underground cold water outlet in a mountainous area to arrange the fry cultivation basin and the flowing water breeding pond in stages, wherein the fry cultivation basin and the flowing water breeding pond are used as the sturgeon breeding area, and the high pool breeding pond is used as the perch breeding area; (2) sturgeon breeding in the upper stage area fry cultivation: sturgeon fry with a weight of 20 g each is raised in the fry cultivation basin, and the breeding density is 5000 individuals per mu; after the sturgeon fry is released, the feed is fed by fixed-point feeding, and 6-9% of a nutrition improving agent is added to the feed during feeding; when the sturgeon fry grows up, the sturgeon is gradually screened and fed according to the size specification; The preparation method of the nutrition improving agent is as follows: 10-15 parts by mass of sumac leaves, 15-18 parts of perilla, 3-5 parts of garlic, 33-69 parts of motherwort, and 2-3 parts of salvia miltiorrhiza are mixed and crushed into a powder with a particle size of 100-200 mesh; the water content of the powder is adjusted to 70-80%, and the mixture is sealed and placed at 50-55°C for 1-2 hours; 140-150 parts of ethanol are added, and the mixture is placed at 35-38°C for 3-5 hours; the mixture is treated with ultrasonic waves for 20-30 minutes, filtered, and the filtrate and residue a are obtained; the obtained filtrate is added with hydroxyapatite, adsorbed at 50-53°C, filtered, and the filtrate is collected and dried under reduced pressure to obtain an extract b; The residue a and a citric acid solution are mixed at a mass ratio of 1:18, heated to 80-90°C, stirred for 30-40 minutes, filtered, and the filtrate is concentrated and dried under reduced pressure to obtain a mixture c; the extract b and the mixture c are mixed to obtain the nutrition improving agent; Commercial sturgeon breeding: sturgeon fry with a cultivation specification of 0.5 kg each is transferred to the flowing water breeding pond in January every year, and the density is 1000-2000 individuals per mu for breeding; the sturgeon is screened according to the size once a month, and the sturgeon is caught and sold out of the pond in December of the same year; (3) perch breeding in the high pool in the lower stage area A water treatment The water discharged from the sturgeon breeding is pumped into the high pool breeding pond, and the water is left to stand in the high pool breeding pond until the water temperature rises to 23-25°C; then, an adsorption substrate is placed in the water at a dosage of 73-84 kg per mu, and duckweed is placed near the adsorption substrate; B release of perch When the water quality in the high pool breeding pond is slightly green, oxygen is injected into the high pool breeding pond, and perch fry with a weight of 15 g-50 g is released, and the density of the perch fry is 9000 individuals per mu, which can be bred according to the conventional method.

2. The method for cascade culture of mountainous region acipenseriformes and percichthys according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass ratio of the filtrate to the hydroxyapatite is 1:0.8-0.

99.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the mountainous region is characterized by, The mass fraction of the citric acid solution is 12-15%.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the mountainous region is characterized by, In step (3), the preparation method of the adsorption substrate is as follows: 34-45 parts by mass of corn straw, 1-2 parts of bamboo charcoal, 3-5 parts of potato starch, 1-2 parts of agar, and 450-480 parts of water are mixed, heated to 120-130°C, and kept at this temperature for 30-40 minutes to obtain a mixture; the mixture is prepared into a sheet with a thickness of 0.5-1.2 cm; 1-2 parts of EM bacterial liquid is diluted 10-15 times, and the diluted liquid is coated on the sheet; and the sheet is cultured at 25-28°C for 4-5 hours to obtain the adsorption substrate.

Images