In-line multi-fiber tool electrode, laser and electrolytic combined machining system and method

Abstract

The application discloses a tool electrode embedded with multiple optical fibers, a laser and electrolysis combined machining system and method. The tool electrode comprises a tool electrode body and multiple optical fibers; the multiple optical fibers are arranged in the tool electrode body and are used for synchronously conducting multiple laser beams to a designated machining area of a workpiece; an electrolyte channel is arranged in the tool electrode body; wherein the liquid outlet of the electrolyte channel and the laser output ends of the multiple optical fibers are both distributed at the bottom end of the tool electrode, and the multiple laser output ends are distributed around the liquid outlet. The tool electrode provided by the application can not only realize coaxial and sufficient supply of the electrolyte, so that the electrolyte can be synchronously and stably supplied to a large-depth combined machining area, but also can improve the laser output power, greatly improve the machining efficiency of the laser and electrolysis combined machining, especially can improve the machining efficiency of the end machining area by at least several times, and realizes efficient combined machining of a large-area machining area.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application relates to a tool electrode, in particular to a tool electrode embedded with multiple optical fibers and a laser and electrolysis combined machining system and method, and belongs to the technical field of precise laser and electrochemical combined machining. BACKGROUND

[0002] High-end modern product fields such as aerospace, energy and electronic devices are increasingly developing towards lightweight, high power and energy density. In order to meet the service performance, difficult-to-machine materials such as titanium alloy and high-temperature alloy are usually used for preparation, and higher requirements are put forward for the surface quality and integrity. Cutting machining uses the shearing force between the tool and the workpiece to be machined to remove the workpiece material, which has high machining precision, but the tool wear is serious and problems such as residual stress and burr need to be further overcome. Electric spark machining and laser machining respectively use pulsed spark discharge and high-intensity laser beam heat effect to make local, instantaneous and controllable efficient removal of materials, which has high machining efficiency and wide range of machinable materials / structures, but machining defects such as recast layer and micro-cracks are easily produced in the machining process. Electrochemical machining uses the principle of electrochemical anodic dissolution to remove the workpiece material locally, which is not limited by the strength and hardness of the material, and has no stress and heat effect in the machining process, and has high surface integrity, but the local precision machining efficiency is relatively low.

[0003] In order to solve the problem of high efficiency and high surface integrity machining of difficult-to-machine materials, the patent applicant previously proposed a laser and tube electrode electrolysis combined machining technology with publication number CN107962263A and a fiber laser and electrolysis combined machining technology with publication number CN116079165A, which combines the advantages of high machining efficiency of laser machining and high surface quality of electrolytic machining, and has successfully realized the precision and efficient combined machining of deep and small hole, deep and narrow groove structure of difficult-to-machine materials. However, in the laser and tube electrode electrolysis combined machining technology, the laser is conducted through the optical path composed of reflecting mirrors, and the optical path structure is complex and not easy to adjust.

[0004] Optical fibers are used instead of reflecting mirrors for optical transmission, the optical path structure is simple, the laser and electrolyte are coupled conveniently and quickly, and higher laser output power can be used to improve the machining efficiency of laser and electrolytic combined machining. However, in the existing fiber laser and electrolytic combined machining technology, although the coaxial liquid jet nozzle outside the optical fiber electrode is used to realize electrolyte supply, the electrolyte flow rate and flow rate are relatively low, and the single machining area is relatively small due to the limited machining area in actual machining, which limits the improvement of the combined machining efficiency, and it is difficult to realize the machining and forming of three-dimensional structures such as large-depth holes and grooves. SUMMARY

[0005] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present application aims to provide a tool electrode and a laser and electrolytic combined machining system and method.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned application purposes, the technical solutions adopted by the present application include:

[0007] One aspect of the present application provides an embedded multi-fiber tool electrode, comprising a tool electrode body and a plurality of optical fibers; the plurality of optical fibers are arranged in the tool electrode body and used to synchronously conduct a plurality of laser beams to a designated machining area of a workpiece; the tool electrode body is internally provided with an electrolyte channel used to provide electrolyte to the designated machining area; wherein the outlet of the electrolyte channel and the laser output ends of the plurality of optical fibers are both distributed at the bottom end of the tool electrode, and the plurality of laser output ends are distributed around the outlet.

[0008] In one embodiment, the plurality of optical fibers are arranged in parallel in the tool electrode body and distributed around the electrolyte channel.

[0009] In one embodiment, the inlet of the electrolyte channel and the laser input ends of the plurality of optical fibers are both distributed at the top end of the tool electrode.

[0010] In one embodiment, the plurality of optical fibers can synchronously move with the tool electrode body.

[0011] In one embodiment, the laser output ends of the plurality of optical fibers are arranged flush or distributed along a set curved surface.

[0012] In one embodiment, the bottom end of the tool electrode is arranged opposite to the designated machining area, and an adjustable machining gap is left between the bottom end of the tool electrode and the machining area, and the machining gap is formed between the designated machining area and the tool electrode body.

[0013] In one embodiment, the outlet of the electrolyte channel is used to spray the electrolyte to the designated machining area to flush away at least part of the laser machining and / or electrolytic machining products of the designated machining area.

[0014] In one embodiment, the working parameters of the laser beams conducted by the at least two optical fibers are different, and the working parameters include at least one of the following: laser wavelength, laser power, spot shape and / or size formed by the laser beams in the designated machining area.

[0015] In one embodiment, the diameter of the optical fiber is 0.1-0.5 mm.

[0016] In one embodiment, an insulating layer is covered on the outer wall of the tool electrode body.

[0017] In an embodiment, the tool electrode body, the electrolyte channel and the optical fiber group formed by the plurality of optical fibers are coaxially arranged.

[0018] In an embodiment, the tool electrode body is internally provided with a first chamber and a second chamber separated from each other, the plurality of optical fibers are arranged in the second chamber, the first chamber is used to form the electrolyte channel, and the second chamber is arranged around the first chamber.

[0019] Another aspect of the present application further provides a laser and electrolysis combined machining system comprising the tool electrode.

[0020] In an embodiment, the laser and electrolysis combined machining system further comprises a laser light source and / or an electrolyte supply device, the laser light source is used to provide the tool electrode with laser required for machining, and the electrolyte supply device is used to provide the tool electrode with electrolyte.

[0021] In an embodiment, the laser and electrolysis combined machining system further comprises a workpiece, and the tool electrode and the workpiece are respectively electrically connected with a negative pole and a positive pole of a power supply.

[0022] In an embodiment, the laser and electrolysis combined machining system further comprises a precision motion device, the precision motion device is connected with the tool electrode and is used to drive the tool electrode to move along a set trajectory.

[0023] In an embodiment, the laser and electrolysis combined machining system further comprises a laser characteristic adjusting mechanism, the laser characteristic adjusting mechanism is arranged at a laser input end and / or a laser output end of the optical fiber and is used to at least adjust a laser energy density distribution characteristic of a laser beam output by the optical fiber in a designated machining area of the workpiece.

[0024] In an embodiment, the laser and electrolysis combined machining system further comprises a liquid distribution device, the liquid distribution device has a liquid distribution chamber for accommodating electrolyte, and the liquid distribution chamber is further in communication with the inside of the tool electrode body.

[0025] In an embodiment, the laser and electrolysis combined machining system further comprises a coupling module, the coupling module is connected with the laser light source and the optical fiber respectively and is used to at least output a laser beam emitted by the laser light source to the optical fiber.

[0026] Still another aspect of the present application further provides a laser and electrolysis combined machining method, comprising the following steps:

[0027] providing the tool electrode according to any one of the above;

[0028] The tool electrode, the workpiece are respectively electrically connected with the negative pole and the positive pole of the power supply, and the laser is conducted to the designated machining area of the workpiece through the tool electrode, and the electrolyte is transmitted to the designated machining area through the tool electrode, so that the laser and electrolysis combined machining of the designated machining area is realized.

[0029] In an embodiment, according to the machining requirement of the designated machining area, the working parameters of the laser beams conducted to the designated machining area by each optical fiber are adjusted respectively, and the working parameters include at least one of the laser wavelength, the laser power, the spot shape and / or size of the laser beam formed in the designated machining area.

[0030] In an embodiment, the distance between the tail end of the tool electrode and the designated machining area is adjusted, so that the size of the machining gap is controlled within a set range.

[0031] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present application include:

[0032] 1) The tool electrode with multiple embedded optical fibers provided by the present application not only can realize coaxial and sufficient supply of electrolyte, but also can supply the electrolyte to the large-depth combined machining area synchronously and stably, thereby improving the machining efficiency of the end machining area by several times and realizing efficient combined machining of large-area machining area.

[0033] 2) The tool electrode with multiple embedded optical fibers provided by the present application can use the high-speed flowing electrolyte flowing out of the first chamber and the channel in the tool electrode to flush and discharge the laser machining and electrolysis machining products generated in the machining area, such as plasma, micro-bubbles, dissolved metal ions, etc., and accelerate the updating efficiency of the electrolyte in the machining area, so as to ensure the transmission efficiency of the laser in the machining gap and maintain the machining efficiency and combined machining function of the laser machining and electrolysis machining.

[0034] 3) The laser and electrolysis combined machining system provided by the present application can make multiple laser light sources transmit laser energy to multiple optical fibers, can independently adjust the energy of the laser output by each optical fiber, can make the distribution of the laser energy conducted to the machining area more easily controllable, and can also significantly improve the energy density of the tool electrode.

[0035] 4) The laser and electrolysis combined machining method provided by the present application can take different control measures according to the machining requirement of a specific shape structure, including but not limited to controlling the number of laser beams conducted by the optical fibers, the power of each laser beam, the pulse frequency of each laser beam, the spot shape of each laser beam, and the flow rate of the electrolyte, etc., so as to realize synchronous control machining of multiple optical fibers for complex profiles. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0036] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a tool electrode with embedded multiple optical fibers provided by the present invention;

[0037] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the transverse cross-section of a tool electrode with embedded multiple optical fibers provided by the present invention;

[0038] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the transverse cross-section of another tool electrode with embedded multiple optical fibers provided by the present invention;

[0039] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the transverse cross-section of another tool electrode with embedded multiple optical fibers provided by the present invention;

[0040] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a laser and electrolysis composite processing system provided by the present invention;

[0041] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of another laser-electrolysis composite processing system provided by the present invention;

[0042] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of another laser-electrolysis composite processing system provided by the present invention;

[0043] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached diagram: 1. Laser source; 2. Coupling module; 3. Optical fiber; 4. Separating chamber; 5. Electrolyte; 6. Power supply; 7. Insulating layer; 8. Tool electrode body; 9. Designated workpiece. Detailed Implementation

[0044] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the inventors of this invention, through long-term research and extensive practice, have proposed the technical solution of this invention. The following will further explain and illustrate this technical solution, its implementation process, and its principles.

[0045] Example 1

[0046] Please see Figure 1 This embodiment provides a tool electrode with embedded multiple optical fibers (hereinafter referred to as the tool electrode), including a tool electrode body 8 and multiple optical fibers 3; the multiple optical fibers 3 are disposed within the tool electrode body 8 for synchronously transmitting multiple laser beams to a designated processing area of ​​the workpiece; the tool electrode body 8 is provided with an electrolyte 5 channel for providing electrolyte 5 to the designated processing area; wherein, the outlet of the electrolyte 5 channel and the laser output ends of the multiple optical fibers 3 are distributed at the bottom end of the tool electrode, and the multiple laser output ends are distributed around the outlet; the outlet of the electrolyte 5 channel is used to spray the electrolyte 5 into the designated processing area to flush away at least part of the laser processing and / or electrolytic processing products in the designated processing area.

[0047] Specifically, multiple optical fibers 3 are arranged in parallel within the tool electrode body 8 and distributed around the electrolyte 5 channel. The inlet of the electrolyte 5 channel and the laser input end of the multiple optical fibers 3 are both distributed at the top of the tool electrode.

[0048] In another preferred embodiment, the tool electrode body 8 has a first chamber and a second chamber that are separated from each other. The first chamber is used for the transmission of the electrolyte 5, and the second chamber is used to accommodate the optical fiber 3. A plurality of the second chambers are arranged around the first chamber. A plurality of optical fibers 3 are arranged in the second chambers. The plurality of optical fibers 3 can be understood as one optical fiber 3 or multiple optical fibers 3, that is, one or more optical fibers 3.

[0049] The tool electrode body 8 can be connected to the negative terminal of a power supply 6, and a designated workpiece 9 can be connected to the positive terminal of the power supply 6. The bottom end of the tool electrode is positioned opposite to the designated processing area, and an adjustable processing gap is left between the bottom end of the tool electrode and the processing area. The processing gap is formed between the designated processing area and the tool electrode body 8. The laser can be transmitted to the designated processing area of ​​the designated workpiece 9 through the optical fiber 3, and the electrolyte 5 can be transmitted to the processing gap along the designated direction of the first chamber and the second chamber.

[0050] This embodiment provides a tool electrode applicable to laser-electric hybrid machining technology. During application, the bottom of the tool electrode body 8 maintains a machining gap with the designated machining area of ​​the workpiece 9. Electrolyte can be transmitted to the machining gap through a first chamber, or simultaneously through both the first and second chambers. Laser light can be transmitted to the designated machining area of ​​the workpiece 9 through a plurality of optical fibers 3 embedded within the second chamber of the tool electrode body 8.

[0051] In a preferred embodiment, the tool electrode body 8 is further provided with a spacer member, and the spacer member divides the chamber into a first chamber and a second chamber.

[0052] Specifically, the tool electrode body 8 can be a cylinder or a column of other shapes. It can be understood that any horizontal cross section of the tool electrode body 8 is circular, in which case the tool electrode body 8 is cylindrical. Any horizontal cross section of the tool electrode body 8 can also be near-circular, in which case the tool electrode body 8 is near-circular columnar. Any horizontal cross section of the tool electrode body 8 can also be polygonal, in which case the tool electrode body 8 is polygonal columnar.

[0053] See Figure 2In a preferred embodiment, the tool electrode body 8 is cylindrical, and a spacer member is provided in the tool electrode body 8. The spacer member divides the cavity of the tool electrode body 8 into a first cavity and a second cavity. Specifically, as shown... Figure 2 The first chamber is located on the side of the tool electrode body 8 near the center, and the second chamber is located on the side away from the center. Several optical fibers 3 are arranged in the second chamber, and a channel for electrolyte to pass through can also be formed between the second chamber and the optical fibers 3. During laser and electrolytic composite processing, the electrolyte can be transmitted to the designated processing area through the channel in the first chamber and the second chamber.

[0054] Of course, in this embodiment, the tool electrode body 8 can also be rectangular columnar, and the optical fiber 3 can be placed in the second chamber of the rectangular columnar tool electrode body 8. Therefore, tool electrodes of other shapes are all within the scope of protection of this application.

[0055] In a preferred embodiment, an insulating layer 7 is further provided on the outer wall surface of the tool electrode body 8 for insulation purposes. The electrolyte type includes a neutral salt solution, an acidic solution, or an alkaline solution. The initial temperature of the electrolyte is room temperature.

[0056] The hollow tool electrode with internal liquid spraying not only achieves coaxial and sufficient electrolyte supply, but also allows for synchronous and stable supply of electrolyte to the deep composite machining area. The high-speed flowing electrolyte from the first chamber and channels within the tool electrode promptly flushes away and removes laser and electrolytic machining products generated in the machining area, such as plasma, microbubbles, and dissolved metal ions. This accelerates the electrolyte renewal efficiency in the machining area, ensuring the laser transmission efficiency within the machining gap and maintaining the combined machining efficiency and composite machining effect.

[0057] Meanwhile, using fiber optic 3 to conduct the laser improves the flexibility of the laser-electrolytic composite machining head and enhances system reliability. Furthermore, employing multiple fiber optic 3 beams allows for the simultaneous transmission of multiple laser beams to the end-processing area, enabling parallel processing of multiple laser beams and significantly increasing the processing efficiency of the end-processing area, thus achieving highly efficient composite processing in large-area areas.

[0058] Example 2

[0059] In this embodiment, a tool electrode with embedded multi-fibers is provided, the structure of which is basically similar to that of Embodiment 1, except that:

[0060] The tool electrode body 8 is provided with a plurality of spacer members, which can be understood as one or more spacer members being provided in the tool electrode body 8, and the plurality of spacer members dividing the chamber of the tool electrode body 8 into a multi-layer structure.

[0061] like Figure 4 As shown, taking a cylindrical tool electrode body 8 as an example, two spacer members are provided in the tool electrode body 8. These two spacer members can be cylindrical and are arranged sequentially from the inside out to divide the cavity of the tool electrode body 8. Specifically, in... Figure 4 The central chamber is divided into a central first chamber and two second chambers arranged sequentially from the inside out, which can be appropriately set according to the size of the tool electrode and the working area.

[0062] Regarding the diameter of fiber 3 in the tool electrode, such as Figure 4 As shown, an example is provided with two second chambers arranged sequentially along the radial direction of the tool electrode. The diameter of the fiber 3 on the side closer to the center is A, and the diameter of the fiber 3 on the side away from the center is B. Due to different processing requirements, the diameters of several fibers 3 in the tool electrode can be the same or different.

[0063] Of course, the spacer can divide the chamber into a multi-layered structure with one first chamber and multiple second chambers, or into multiple first chambers and one second chamber, or multiple first chambers and multiple second chambers. Due to different processing requirements, the number of first chambers and second chambers in the tool electrode is not limited.

[0064] More specifically, an adjustment lens is provided on the side of the optical fiber 3 away from the processing gap. The adjustment lens can adjust the laser energy density distribution characteristics of the laser emitted from the optical fiber 3, so as to regulate the laser energy distribution characteristics of the processing area.

[0065] Example 3

[0066] This embodiment provides a tool electrode with embedded multi-fibers. Its structure is basically similar to any one of the embodiments 1-2. The difference is that, as is easily understood, the designated processing area of ​​the designated workpiece 9 includes several sub-processing areas. At least one fiber 3 emission part is provided for each sub-processing area to ensure the processing effect of the several sub-processing areas.

[0067] The sub-processing area can be understood as an area where laser and electrolytic combination can be performed through the output section of optical fiber 3. The actual processing shapes of each sub-processing area may differ. If several optical fibers 3 are arranged uniformly in a designated processing area, the processing effect in that area may be poor. Therefore, the optical fibers 3 are configured to ensure that each pair of output sections is formed by a combination of one or more optical fibers to achieve the best processing effect. More specifically, the processing gap can also be adjusted by adjusting the distance between the optical fiber 3 and the sub-processing area.

[0068] In a preferred embodiment, the laser output ends of the plurality of optical fibers 3 are arranged flush or distributed along a predetermined curved surface. The laser output end is formed on the laser emitting side of the plurality of optical fibers 3, and the emitting ends of the plurality of optical fibers 3 form an emitting surface. For example... Figure 5 As shown, the laser output end is flush with the emission surface, which is a plane. Of course, the laser output end can also be distributed along a set curved surface so that the emission surface is a curved surface, which is not shown in the figure. The shape of the emission surface can be set according to the shape of the specified processing area of ​​the specified workpiece 9 in order to achieve the best processing effect. This includes regular curved surfaces such as arc surfaces. At the same time, the emission surface formed by the emission end can also be other irregular curved surfaces.

[0069] Specifically, a portion of the optical fiber 3 can extend beyond the tool electrode. This extended portion can be positioned within the liquid distribution chamber 4, allowing the electrolyte to be guided by the optical fiber 3 and more quickly enter the channel formed by the optical fiber 3 and the tool electrode for electrolyte flow. Of course, the optical fiber 3 can also be configured as follows... Figure 5 As shown, the portion extending from the tool electrode can extend beyond the liquid dispensing device.

[0070] The electrolyte can be transported to the processing gap through the first and second chambers in designated directions, such as... Figures 5-7 The specified direction can be the axial direction of the tool electrode. Of course, depending on the actual processing requirements, the specified direction can also be set at an angle to the axial direction of the tool electrode.

[0071] In a preferred embodiment, when processing different sub-processing areas, the laser beams transmitted by at least two of the optical fibers 3 have different operating parameters, including at least one of laser wavelength, laser power, and the shape and size of the laser spot formed by the laser beam in the designated processing area. Figure 7 As shown, the more concave left side of the processing area is the first sub-processing area, and the right side is the second sub-processing area. The first processing gap is larger than the second processing gap. The laser power output by the optical fiber 3 corresponding to the first and second sub-processing areas is different. The laser power P1 output by the first optical fiber output section and the laser power P2 output by the second optical fiber output section are adjusted and synchronously transmitted to the processing area through the multi-channel optical fiber 3.

[0072] Although the structural depths of the first and second sub-processing regions differ in terms of vertical depth, P1 > P2. This allows for synchronous laser and electrolytic composite processing of the first and second sub-processing regions. By setting P1 and P2, the processing levels of the first and second sub-processing regions can be made similar. Of course, in some special processing requirements, P1 and P2 can be set differently to achieve differentiated processing of the first and second sub-processing regions.

[0073] Specifically, taking a processing area with two sub-processing areas as an example, the diameter of the optical fiber 3 is selected to be 0.1mm~0.5mm. The distance between the first optical fiber emitting part and the corresponding first sub-processing area is the first processing gap, and the distance between the second optical fiber emitting part and the corresponding second sub-processing area is the second processing gap. In actual processing, the distance between the optical fiber 3 emitting part and the processing gap can be adjusted so that the first processing gap and the second processing gap are kept to be the same. The laser energy is synchronously transmitted to the processing area through multiple optical fibers 3 to realize the laser energy transmission of composite processing.

[0074] In addition, depending on the specific dimensions and processing method of the structure to be processed, a specific feed path can be selected to achieve the processing and forming of the target structure.

[0075] Example 4

[0076] This embodiment also provides a laser and electrolysis composite processing system, specifically, it includes the tool electrode as described in any one of the embodiments 1-3, and further includes a laser source 1 and an electrolyte supply device. The laser source is used to provide the tool electrode with the laser required for processing, and the electrolyte supply device is used to provide the tool electrode with electrolyte 5.

[0077] Furthermore, the laser and electrolysis composite processing system may also include a workpiece and a liquid distribution device. The tool electrode and the workpiece are respectively used to electrically connect to the negative and positive terminals of the power supply 6. The liquid distribution device has a liquid distribution chamber 4 for containing electrolyte. The liquid distribution chamber 4 is at least connected to the first chamber and is used to supply electrolyte 5 to the first chamber.

[0078] In a preferred embodiment, the dispensing chamber 4 is connected to the first chamber and also to the second chamber. The dispensing chamber 4 can distribute the electrolyte into the first and second chambers, and the electrolyte can be supplied along the middle of the tool electrode via a coaxial supply method, allowing the motor to synchronously and stably supply the electrolyte to the deep-machining area. Of course, the dispensing device not only serves to contain the electrolyte but also provides a high-speed flow channel for the electrolyte, enabling it to flow into the tool electrode body 8 at high speed and high pressure.

[0079] The laser and electrolysis hybrid processing system further includes a laser unit for inputting laser light into the optical fiber 3. More specifically, the laser unit includes a laser source 1 and a coupling module 2. The laser source 1 emits a laser beam, and the coupling module 2 is connected to both the laser source 1 and the optical fiber 3, and outputs the laser beam emitted by the laser source 1 to the optical fiber 3.

[0080] like Figure 5 As shown, a laser and electrolysis composite processing system may include a laser source 1 and a coupling module 2. The coupling module 2 may be an optical fiber beam splitter. The laser energy emitted by the laser source 1 is transmitted to the optical fiber beam splitter through optical fiber 3, and then the optical fiber beam splitter distributes the laser energy evenly to each parallel optical fiber 3.

[0081] To further improve the processing efficiency of multi-fiber 3-coupled laser and electrolytic composite processing technology, the following methods can also be used: Figure 6 The laser-electrolysis hybrid machining system shown includes multiple laser sources 1 corresponding to multiple optical fibers 3, enabling laser energy transmission from the laser sources 1 to the optical fibers 3. This increases the energy density of the tool electrode and makes the laser energy distribution in the machining area easier to control. More specifically, it also includes a laser characteristic adjustment mechanism, which is located at the laser input and / or laser output ends of the optical fibers 3 and is used at least to adjust the laser energy density distribution characteristics of the laser beam output from the optical fibers 3 in a designated machining area of ​​the workpiece.

[0082] At the same time, for processing requirements of specific shapes and structures, it can be achieved through... Figure 7 The control measures shown regulate the laser power density output from fiber 3 in different regions, thereby achieving multi-fiber synchronous control processing of complex contours. Specifically, as... Figure 7 As shown, multiple laser light sources 1 are respectively arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with multiple optical fibers 3, so that the laser emitting ends of the first optical fiber emitting section and the second optical fiber emitting section form planar emitting surfaces, as shown. Figure 7 As shown, the more concave left side of the processing area is the first sub-processing area, and the right side is the second sub-processing area. The first processing gap is larger than the second processing gap. At this time, the laser power P1 output from the first fiber optic output and the laser power P2 output from the second fiber optic output can be adjusted to make P1 > P2. This power is then synchronously transmitted to the processing area through multiple optical fibers 3 to achieve laser energy transmission for composite processing. Because the processing area with higher laser power has a higher material removal rate due to the laser-electrolytic composite processing, the processing depth is greater. In contrast, the processing area with lower laser power has a lower material removal rate and a smaller processing depth. Therefore, by adjusting the laser power in different areas, specific structures can be processed.

[0083] In this embodiment, using fiber 3 to conduct laser energy can improve the movement flexibility of the laser-electrolytic composite processing head and enhance the reliability of the system. Furthermore, the use of multiple fiber 3s to conduct laser energy allows for the simultaneous use of multiple laser sources 1 connected in parallel, or the use of fiber beam splitters to evenly distribute the laser energy across multiple fiber 3s, thereby increasing the energy density of the tool electrode.

[0084] In actual processing, optical fiber 3 is embedded inside the motor of the composite machining tool. A precision motion device adjusts the machining gap between the end of optical fiber 3 and the designated machining area of ​​the workpiece 9. The tool electrode is connected to the negative terminal of the power supply 6, and the workpiece to be processed is connected to the positive terminal of the power supply 6, realizing the potential distribution of electrolytic machining. The laser is synchronously coupled to the designated machining area at the end of the tool electrode through multiple optical fibers 3. Through the relative feed between the tool electrode and the designated workpiece 9, efficient composite machining of three-dimensional structures such as holes and grooves is continuously achieved. At the same time, electrolyte is ejected from the end of the tool electrode at a certain pressure / flow rate to realize the electrolyte supply for composite machining, promptly remove processing products and microbubbles, and ensure efficient laser conduction to the machining area.

[0085] Example 5

[0086] This embodiment provides a laser and electrolysis hybrid processing method, including the following steps:

[0087] Provides a tool electrode comprising any one of Examples 1-3;

[0088] The tool electrode and the workpiece are electrically connected to the negative and positive terminals of the power supply 6, respectively. The laser is conducted through the tool electrode to the designated processing area of ​​the workpiece, and the electrolyte 5 is transmitted through the tool electrode to the designated processing area, thereby realizing laser and electrolytic composite processing of the designated processing area.

[0089] Based on the processing requirements of the designated processing area, the operating parameters of the laser beams transmitted to the designated processing area by each optical fiber 3 are adjusted. These operating parameters include at least one of the following: laser wavelength, laser power, and the shape and size of the laser spot formed by the laser beam in the designated processing area. The distance between the tail end of the tool electrode and the designated processing area is adjusted to control the size of the processing gap within a set range. The processing requirements include, but are not limited to, the shape of the designated processing area and the required distance of the processing gap.

[0090] The laser is transmitted through the tool electrode to the processing area of ​​the designated workpiece 9, and the energy density of the laser acting on the designated processing area of ​​the designated workpiece 9 is 1×10⁻⁶. 4 ~1×10 9 W / cm 2The electrolyte 5 is transferred through the tool electrode into the machining gap, wherein the flow rate of the electrolyte 5 is 0.1 to 1 L / min, until the target machining structure is obtained on the designated workpiece 9.

[0091] It should be understood that the above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical concept and features of the present invention, and are intended to enable those skilled in the art to understand the content of the present invention and implement it accordingly. They should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. All equivalent changes or modifications made in accordance with the spirit and essence of the present invention should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tool electrode with embedded multi-fibers, characterized in that, The device includes a tool electrode body (8) and multiple optical fibers (3); the multiple optical fibers (3) are disposed inside the tool electrode body (8) for synchronously transmitting multiple laser beams to a designated processing area of ​​the workpiece; the tool electrode body (8) is provided with an electrolyte channel for providing electrolyte (5) to the designated processing area; wherein, the outlet of the electrolyte channel and the laser output ends of the multiple optical fibers (3) are distributed at the bottom end of the tool electrode body (8), and the multiple laser output ends are distributed around the outlet; the bottom end of the tool electrode body (8) is disposed opposite to the designated processing area, and at least the bottom end of the tool electrode body (8) and the designated processing area form an adjustable processing gap; the outlet of the electrolyte channel is used to spray the electrolyte (5) into the designated processing area to flush away at least part of the laser processing and / or electrolytic processing products in the designated processing area; The laser beams transmitted by at least two of the optical fibers (3) have different operating parameters, including at least one of the following: laser wavelength, laser power, and the shape and / or size of the laser spot formed by the laser beam in the specified processing area.

2. The tool electrode with embedded multi-fiber as described in claim 1, characterized in that: Multiple optical fibers (3) are arranged in parallel within the tool electrode body (8) and distributed around the electrolyte channel.

3. The tool electrode with embedded multi-fiber as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The inlet of the electrolyte channel and the laser input ends of the multiple optical fibers (3) are both located at the top of the tool electrode.

4. The tool electrode with embedded multi-fiber as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The multiple optical fibers (3) can move synchronously with the tool electrode body (8).

5. A tool electrode with embedded multi-fiber as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The laser output ends of the multiple optical fibers (3) are arranged flush or distributed along a set curved surface.

6. The tool electrode with embedded multi-fiber as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The diameter of the optical fiber (3) is 0.1 to 0.5 mm.

7. The tool electrode with embedded multi-fiber as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The outer wall of the tool electrode body (8) is covered with an insulating layer (7).

8. A tool electrode with embedded multi-fiber as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The tool electrode body (8), the electrolyte channel, and the optical fiber group formed by multiple optical fibers (3) are arranged coaxially.

9. A tool electrode with embedded multi-fiber as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The tool electrode body (8) has a first chamber and a second chamber that are separated from each other. A plurality of optical fibers (3) are disposed in the second chamber. The first chamber is used to form the electrolyte channel, and the second chamber is arranged around the first chamber.

10. A laser and electrolysis hybrid processing system, characterized in that, The tool electrode with embedded multi-fibers as described in any one of claims 1-9.

11. The laser and electrolysis hybrid processing system according to claim 10, characterized in that: It also includes a laser source (1) and / or an electrolyte supply device, wherein the laser source is used to provide the laser required for processing to the tool electrode, and the electrolyte supply device is used to provide electrolyte (5) to the tool electrode.

12. The laser and electrolysis composite processing system according to claim 11, characterized in that: The tool electrode and the workpiece are respectively used to electrically connect to the negative and positive terminals of the power supply (6).

13. The laser and electrolysis composite processing system according to claim 11, characterized in that, It also includes a precision motion device, which is connected to the tool electrode and is used to drive the tool electrode to move along a set trajectory.

14. The laser and electrolysis hybrid processing system according to claim 11, characterized in that, It also includes a laser characteristic adjustment mechanism, which is disposed at the laser input end and / or laser output end of the optical fiber (3) and is used at least to adjust the laser energy density distribution characteristics of the laser beam output by the optical fiber (3) in a specified processing area of ​​the workpiece.

15. A laser and electrolysis hybrid processing system according to claim 11, characterized in that, It also includes a liquid separation device, which includes a liquid separation chamber (4) for containing electrolyte (5), and the liquid separation chamber (4) is also connected to the electrolyte channel in the tool electrode body (8).

16. The laser and electrolysis composite processing system according to claim 11, characterized in that, It also includes a coupling module (2), which is connected to the laser source (1) and the optical fiber (3) respectively, and is used at least to output the laser beam emitted from the laser source (1) to the optical fiber (3).

17. A laser-electrolysis hybrid processing method, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Provides a tool electrode with embedded multi-fiber as described in any one of claims 1-9; The tool electrode and the workpiece are electrically connected to the negative and positive terminals of the power supply (6), respectively, and the laser is transmitted through one or more optical fibers (3) in the tool electrode to the designated processing area of ​​the workpiece. According to the processing requirements of the designated processing area, the working parameters of the laser beam transmitted to the designated processing area by each optical fiber (3) are adjusted. The working parameters include at least one of the following: laser wavelength, laser power, and the shape and / or size of the spot formed by the laser beam in the designated processing area. The electrolyte (5) is transmitted to the designated processing area through the electrolyte channel in the tool electrode, thereby realizing the laser and electrolytic composite processing of the designated processing area.

18. The laser and electrolytic composite processing method according to claim 17, characterized in that, Also includes: Adjust the distance between the tail end of the tool electrode and the designated processing area to control the size of the processing gap within a set range.

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