A laser-mechanical coaxial composite telescopic drill bit and laser cutting method

Abstract

The application discloses a laser-mechanical coaxial composite retractable drill bit and a laser cutting method, which comprises a laser, a laser cutting head connected with the laser, a main shaft coaxially arranged with the laser cutting head, a cutter disc adjusting unit connected with the main shaft, a first cutter disc and a second cutter disc, both of which are connected with the cutter disc adjusting unit and can move backward under the driving of the cutter disc adjusting unit to form a channel for the laser cutting head to extend out, a cutter connected with the lower end surface of the first cutter disc and the second cutter disc, a platform for fixing a workpiece, wherein a blanking hole is formed on the platform, and a main shaft driving unit connected with the main shaft and used for driving the main shaft to move linearly towards / away from the platform. The application simultaneously takes into account the advantages of laser cutting and mechanical processing, can fully utilize laser processing to realize precise and efficient cutting, and can also polish the cut hole by means of the retractable mechanical cutter to obtain a high-quality cut hole.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of laser processing, in particular relates to a laser-mechanical coaxial composite telescopic drill bit and a laser cutting method. BACKGROUND

[0002] Fiber composite materials (such as carbon fiber composite materials, etc.) are an advanced composite material, which has a series of advantages such as high modulus, light weight, high specific strength, low thermal expansion coefficient, high temperature resistance, heat shock resistance, corrosion resistance, and good vibration absorption, and has been widely used in the fields of aerospace, automobiles, etc.

[0003] When fiber composite materials are cut by using traditional mechanical processing methods, there are a series of problems such as rapid tool wear, layered drilling, and many fiber burrs in the cut hole.

[0004] Laser processing has the advantages of no contact, simple operation, various processing shapes, high processing efficiency, etc., and its application in fiber composite material processing is gradually widespread. However, continuous laser processing has large power, serious ablation at the edge of the cut hole, and obvious heat affected zone; short pulse laser cutting has high precision and small heat affected zone, but the processing efficiency is very low. SUMMARY

[0005] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present application provides a laser-mechanical coaxial composite telescopic drill bit and a laser cutting method, which simultaneously takes into account the advantages of laser cutting and mechanical processing, can fully utilize laser processing to achieve precise and efficient cutting, and can also use the telescopic mechanical tool to polish the cut hole to obtain a high-quality cut hole.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] On the one hand, a laser-mechanical coaxial composite telescopic drill bit is provided, which comprises:

[0008] a laser for outputting a laser beam;

[0009] a laser cutting head connected with the laser through an optical fiber;

[0010] a main shaft having an internal space for accommodating the laser cutting head, and being coaxially arranged with the laser cutting head;

[0011] a tool disc adjusting unit connected with the main shaft;

[0012] a first tool disc and a second tool disc, both of which are connected with the tool disc adjusting unit and can move away from each other under the driving of the tool disc adjusting unit to form a channel for the laser cutting head 3 to extend out, or can move towards each other under the driving of the tool disc adjusting unit to close / narrow the channel;

[0013] a tool connecting the lower end faces of the first tool disc and the second tool disc, and the lower end face of the first tool disc and the lower end face of the second tool disc each connecting at least one tool;

[0014] a platform for fixing the fiber composite workpiece to be processed, and the platform being provided with a material dropping hole;

[0015] a spindle driving unit connected to the spindle for driving the spindle to move linearly towards / away from the platform;

[0016] the laser cutting head performs laser cutting on the fiber composite workpiece to be processed on the platform after partially / fully passing through the channel to form a cut hole;

[0017] the tool disc drives the tool to move towards the cut hole and extend into the cut hole to polish the inner wall surface of the cut hole by the tool.

[0018] Preferably, the laser includes one or more of a pulsed laser and a continuous wave laser.

[0019] Preferably, the tools connected by the first tool disc and the second tool disc are symmetrically arranged about the central axis of the spindle.

[0020] Preferably, the laser-mechanical coaxial composite retractable drill head further comprises:

[0021] a waste ejection unit for detecting whether the waste falls out of the cut hole after the laser cutting is completed, and if not,

[0022] ejecting the waste from the cut hole and transporting the waste.

[0023] Preferably, the waste ejection unit comprises:

[0024] a waste detection platform arranged below the material dropping hole and provided with a detection sensor;

[0025] a ejecting rod installed on the waste detection platform;

[0026] a ejecting rod driving unit installed on the waste detection platform and connected to the ejecting rod for driving the ejecting rod to move towards / away from the cut hole;

[0027] and a detection platform driving unit connected to the waste detection platform for driving the waste detection platform to move towards / away from the cut hole and driving the waste detection platform to overturn.

[0028] Preferably, the waste ejection unit comprises a control unit connected to one or more of the laser, the laser cutting head, the tool disc adjusting unit, the tool, the spindle drive unit, the ejector rod drive unit, the detection platform drive unit and the detection sensor.

[0029] Preferably, the waste ejection unit comprises a waste box for collecting the waste.

[0030] Preferably, the diameter of the blanking hole is larger than the diameter of the cutting hole.

[0031] Preferably, when the laser cutting head is working on the fiber composite workpiece on the platform, the laser power is 100-8000W, the laser beam spot diameter is 30-100μm, the laser repetition frequency is 500-1000Hz, and the scanning speed is 50-100mm / s.

[0032] In another aspect, a laser cutting method for fiber composite material is also provided, which is realized by the laser-mechanical coaxial composite telescopic drill bit described above, and the laser cutting method comprises the following steps:

[0033] Clamping and fixing the fiber composite workpiece to be processed on the platform;

[0034] Controlling the tool disc adjusting unit to act, so as to drive the first tool disc and the second tool disc to move away from each other by the tool disc adjusting unit, so as to form a channel for the laser cutting head to extend out of;

[0035] Turning on the laser, and controlling the laser cutting head to move downward, so that the laser cutting head partially / entirely passes through the channel;

[0036] The laser cutting head performs laser cutting on the fiber composite workpiece to form a cutting hole;

[0037] The control unit turns off the laser, and controls the laser cutting head to move upward until it returns to the internal space of the spindle;

[0038] Controlling the tool disc adjusting unit to act, so as to drive the first tool disc and the second tool disc to move toward each other by the tool disc adjusting unit, so as to adjust the position of the tool to ensure that the tool can extend into the cutting hole;

[0039] Controlling the spindle drive unit to act, so as to drive the spindle, the tool disc adjusting unit, the first tool disc, the second tool disc and the tool to move toward the platform synchronously by the spindle drive unit, and make the tool extend into the cutting hole;

[0040] The tool polishes the inner wall surface of the cutting hole by rotating action.

[0041] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0042] The overall structure of the telescopic drill bit is compact, the equipment is small in size, and the advantages of laser cutting and mechanical processing are considered at the same time, the fiber composite workpiece is first cut by the laser cutting head, and then the inner wall surface of the hole is polished by the cutter, which can fully utilize laser processing to realize accurate and efficient cutting, and at the same time, the telescopic mechanical cutter is used to polish the hole to obtain high-quality cutting holes. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0043] Figure 1 It is an overall structural diagram of the laser-mechanical coaxial composite telescopic drill bit in the application;

[0044] Figure 2 It is a state diagram of the laser-mechanical coaxial composite telescopic drill bit forming a cutting hole in the application;

[0045] Figure 3 It is a top view of the main shaft, the first cutter disc, the second cutter disc and the channel in the application;

[0046] Figure 4 It is a state diagram of the cutter extending into the cutting hole in the application;

[0047] Figure 5 It is a step diagram of the waste ejection unit ejecting the waste from the cutting hole and transporting it to the waste box in the application;

[0048] Figure 6 It is a state diagram of the cutter polishing in the cutting hole in the application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the application will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the application, not all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor are within the protection scope of the application.

[0050] Embodiment 1:

[0051] As shown in Figure 1 , the present embodiment provides a laser-mechanical coaxial composite telescopic drill bit, which comprises:

[0052] a laser 1 for outputting a laser beam, preferably, the laser 1 comprises one or more of a pulsed laser, a continuous laser;

[0053] a laser cutting head 3 connected with the laser 1 through an optical fiber 2;

[0054] a main shaft 4, which has an internal space 41 for accommodating the laser cutting head 3, and is coaxially arranged with the laser cutting head 3;

[0055] a tool disc adjusting unit 5, which is connected to the main shaft 4;

[0056] a first tool disc 6 and a second tool disc 6', which are both connected to the tool disc adjusting unit 5, and can be moved away from each other under the drive of the tool disc adjusting unit 5 to form a channel 61 for the laser cutting head 3 to extend out of, or can be moved towards each other under the drive of the tool disc adjusting unit 5 to close / narrow the channel 61;

[0057] a tool 7, which is connected to the lower end face of the first tool disc 6 and the second tool disc 6', and the lower end face of the first tool disc 6 and the lower end face of the second tool disc 6' are both connected to at least one tool 7, and the tools 7 connected by the first tool disc 6 and the second tool disc 6' are symmetrically arranged about the central axis of the main shaft 4, so that the main shaft 4, the laser cutting head 3 and the tools 7 in this embodiment are coaxially arranged;

[0058] a platform 8 for fixing the fiber composite workpiece 9 to be processed, and the platform 8 is provided with a blanking hole 81; further, the fiber composite workpiece 9 includes one or more of carbon fiber composite workpiece, glass fiber composite workpiece, aramid fiber composite workpiece;

[0059] a main shaft driving unit 14, which is connected to the main shaft 4, for driving the main shaft 4 to move linearly towards / away from the platform 8;

[0060] and a control unit 13, which is connected to one or more of the laser 1, the laser cutting head 3, the tool disc adjusting unit 5, the tool 7, and the main shaft driving unit 14;

[0061] The laser cutting head 3 can be moved under the control of the control unit 13 and other components to extend into the internal space 41, and after partially / entirely passing through the channel 61, laser cutting is performed on the fiber composite workpiece 9 to be processed on the platform 8 to form a cut hole 92, and the waste 91 formed during the cutting process falls through the blanking hole 81; preferably, the diameter of the blanking hole 81 is larger than the diameter of the cut hole 92, so as to ensure that the waste 91 can fall out of the blanking hole 81 as a whole and will not be stuck in the blanking hole 81;

[0062] The tool disc 6 drives the tool 7 to move towards the cut hole 92 and extend into the cut hole 92 to polish the inner wall surface of the cut hole 92 by the tool 7.

[0063] Specifically, the working process of the laser-mechanical coaxial composite retractable drill bit in this embodiment is as follows:

[0064] The fiber composite material workpiece 9 to be processed is clamped and fixed on platform 8;

[0065] like Figure 2 As shown, the first cutter disk 6 and the second cutter disk 6' are driven to move in opposite directions by the cutter disk adjustment unit 5 to form a channel 61 for the laser cutting head 3 to extend out.

[0066] Turn on laser 1 and control laser cutting head 3 to move downwards to partially / completely pass through channel 61;

[0067] Set the laser processing parameters, adjust the position of the fiber composite material workpiece 9, and the laser cutting head 3 performs laser cutting on the fiber composite material workpiece 9 to form a cut hole 92. The waste material 91 formed during the cutting process falls out through the material drop hole 81.

[0068] Turn off laser 1 and control laser cutting head 3 to move upward until it returns to the internal space 41 of spindle 4;

[0069] like Figure 3 As shown, the tool disc adjustment unit 5 drives the first tool disc 6 and the second tool disc 6' to move towards each other to adjust the position of the tool 7, while reducing the width of the channel 61 to ensure that the tool 7 can be inserted into the cutting hole 92;

[0070] The spindle drive unit 14 drives the spindle 4, the tool disc adjustment unit 5, the first tool disc 6, the second tool disc 6', and the tool 7 to move synchronously toward the platform 8, and causes the tool 7 to extend into the cutting hole 92;

[0071] The cutting tool 7 grinds the inner wall surface of the cut hole 92 by rotating.

[0072] After grinding, the spindle drive unit 14 drives the spindle 4, the tool disc adjustment unit 5, the first tool disc 6, the second tool disc 6' and the tool 7 to move away from the platform 8 in a synchronized manner, so that the tool 7 exits the cutting hole 92 and returns to the initial position;

[0073] The tool disc adjustment unit 5 drives the first tool disc 6 and the second tool disc 6' to move towards each other to close the channel 61.

[0074] Therefore, the telescopic drill bit in this embodiment makes full use of the advantages of coaxial design, making the overall structure compact and reducing the size of the equipment. At the same time, the laser cutting head 3 can cut holes in the fiber composite material workpiece, and then the tool 7 can polish the inner wall of the hole. It can make full use of the advantages of laser processing such as controllable focusing and non-contact to achieve precise and efficient cutting, while the telescopic mechanical tool can polish the hole to obtain high-quality holes.

[0075] Example 2:

[0076] The embodiment differs from embodiment 1 only in that, as shown in Figure 1 ,4, the laser-mechanical coaxial composite telescopic drill bit further comprises:

[0077] a waste box 12 for collecting the waste 91;

[0078] and a waste ejection unit for detecting whether the waste 91 falls out of the cut hole 92 after laser cutting is completed, and if not, ejecting the waste 91 from the cut hole 92 and transporting it to the waste box 12.

[0079] Specifically, the waste ejection unit comprises:

[0080] a waste detection platform 10 arranged below the blanking hole 81 and provided with a detection sensor;

[0081] a push rod 11 mounted on the waste detection platform 10;

[0082] a push rod driving unit (not shown) mounted on the waste detection platform 10 and connected to the push rod 11 for driving the push rod 11 to move towards / away from the cut hole 92;

[0083] and a detection platform driving unit (not shown) connected to the waste detection platform 10 for driving the waste detection platform 10 to move towards / away from the cut hole 92 and driving the waste detection platform 10 to overturn;

[0084] and the push rod driving unit, detection platform driving unit, and detection sensor are all connected to the control unit 13;

[0085] As shown in Figure 4 when the waste 91 does not fall out of the cut hole 92 (i.e., is stuck in the cut hole 92), the detection sensor (such as an infrared sensor or other photoelectric sensor) generates a first feedback signal (i.e., detects that there is waste 91 in the cut hole 92);

[0086] The control unit 13 controls the detection platform driving unit to move according to the first feedback signal, so that the detection platform driving unit drives the waste detection platform 10, push rod 11, and push rod driving unit as a whole to move towards the cut hole 92 until reaching a predetermined position (e.g., a position such that the waste detection platform 10 is located within the blanking hole 81);

[0087] The control unit 13 controls the push rod driving unit to move, so that the push rod driving unit drives the push rod 11 to move towards the cut hole 92 to eject the waste 91 from the cut hole 92 by the push rod 11 and drop it onto the waste detection platform 10;

[0088] The control unit 13 controls the movement of the ejector rod driving unit, so that the ejector rod driving unit drives the extended ejector rod 11 to retract to the initial position.

[0089] The detection sensor (such as an infrared sensor or other photoelectric sensor) generates a second feedback signal (i.e., detects that there is no waste 91 in the cutting hole 92);

[0090] The control unit 13 controls the movement of the detection platform driving unit according to the second feedback signal, so that the detection platform driving unit drives the waste detection platform 10, the ejector rod 11, and the ejector rod driving unit as a whole to move away from the cutting hole 92 until reaching a predetermined position (e.g., so that the waste detection platform 10 is repositioned below the material falling hole 81);

[0091] The control unit 13 controls the movement of the detection platform driving unit, so that the detection platform driving unit drives the waste detection platform 10 to flip over to pour the waste 91 on the waste detection platform 10 into the waste box 12.

[0092] Thus, in this embodiment, the waste ejection unit detects whether the waste 91 is jammed in the cutting hole 92 and timely ejects the waste 91 from the cutting hole 92 and transfers it to the waste box 12, avoiding the influence of the waste 91 on the subsequent grinding process of the tool 7, causing damage to the tool 7.

[0093] Embodiment 3:

[0094] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiments 1 or 2 is only that when the laser cutting head 3 processes the fiber composite workpiece 9 on the platform 8, the laser power is 100-8000W, the laser beam spot diameter is 30-100μm, the laser repetition frequency is 500-1000Hz, and the scanning speed is 50-100mm / s.

[0095] Embodiment 4:

[0096] The embodiment provides a laser cutting method suitable for fiber composite materials, which can be realized by the laser-mechanical coaxial composite telescopic drill bit in any one of Embodiments 1-3. Specifically, the laser cutting method comprises the following steps:

[0097] S1, clamping and fixing the fiber composite workpiece 9 to be processed on the platform 8;

[0098] S2, the control unit 13 controls the tool disc adjusting unit 5 to act, so as to drive the first tool disc 6 and the second tool disc 6' to move away by the tool disc adjusting unit 5, so as to form a channel 61 for the laser cutting head 3 to extend;

[0099] S3, the control unit 13 turns on the laser 1 and controls the laser cutting head 3 to move downward, so that the laser cutting head 3 partially / entirely passes through the channel 61;

[0100] S4, set the laser processing parameters, adjust the position of the fiber composite workpiece 9, and the laser cutting head 3 performs laser cutting on the fiber composite workpiece 9 to form a cut hole 92;

[0101] S4, the control unit 13 turns off the laser 1 and controls the laser cutting head 3 to move upwards until it returns to the internal space 41 of the spindle 4;

[0102] S5, the control unit 13 controls the tool disc adjusting unit 5 to act, and drives the first tool disc 6 and the second tool disc 6' to move towards each other through the tool disc adjusting unit 5 to adjust the position of the tool 7, so that the tool 7 can extend into the cut hole 92;

[0103] S6, the waste ejection unit detects whether the waste 91 falls out of the cut hole 92, if not, the waste 91 is ejected from the cut hole 92 and transported to the waste box 12; the specific process is the same as that of embodiment 2, which will not be repeated here;

[0104] S7, the control unit 13 controls the spindle driving unit 14 to act, and drives the spindle 4, the tool disc adjusting unit 5, the first tool disc 6, the second tool disc 6' and the tool 7 to move towards the platform 8 synchronously through the spindle driving unit 14, and the tool 7 extends into the cut hole 92;

[0105] S8, the tool 7 polishes the inner wall surface of the cut hole 92 through rotary motion;

[0106] S9, after polishing, the spindle driving unit 14 drives the spindle 4, the tool disc adjusting unit 5, the first tool disc 6, the second tool disc 6' and the tool 7 to move away from the platform 8 synchronously, and the tool 7 exits the cut hole 92 and returns to the initial position.

[0107] In summary, the telescopic drill bit in the present application has a compact overall structure design, small equipment volume, and simultaneously considers the advantages of laser cutting and mechanical processing. First, the fiber composite workpiece is cut by the laser cutting head, and then the inner wall surface of the cut hole is polished by the tool. This can not only take full advantage of the controllable focusing and non-contact of laser processing to realize precise and efficient cutting, but also use the telescopic mechanical tool to polish and polish the cut hole to obtain high-quality cut holes.

[0108] It should be noted that the technical features in the above-mentioned embodiments 1 to 3 can be combined in any manner, and the technical solutions formed by the combinations all belong to the protection scope of the present application. In this document, terms such as “comprising”, “including” or any other variant thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements not only includes those elements, but also includes other elements not explicitly listed or inherent to such a process, method, article or device. Without more limitations, the element defined by the statement “including one” does not exclude the presence of another identical element in the process, method, article or device including the element.

[0109] Although embodiments of the present application have been shown and described, it would be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes, modifications, alternatives and variations can be made thereto without departing from the principles and spirit of the application, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A laser-mechanical coaxial hybrid telescopic drill bit, characterized in that, include: A laser, which is used to output a laser beam; A laser cutting head, which is connected to the laser via an optical fiber; A spindle having an internal space for accommodating the laser cutting head and being coaxially arranged with the laser cutting head; A tool shroud adjustment unit, which is connected to the spindle; The first and second cutter discs are both connected to the cutter disc adjustment unit and can move in opposite directions under the drive of the cutter disc adjustment unit to form a channel for the laser cutting head to extend, or they can move towards each other under the drive of the cutter disc adjustment unit to close / narrow the channel. A cutting tool is connected to the lower end faces of the first cutting tool disk and the second cutting tool disk, and at least one cutting tool is connected to the lower end face of both the first cutting tool disk and the lower end face of the second cutting tool disk. A platform for fixing the fiber composite material workpiece to be processed, and the platform is provided with a material drop hole; And a spindle drive unit, which is connected to the spindle and is used to drive the spindle to move linearly toward / away from the platform; After the laser cutting head partially or completely passes through the channel, it performs laser cutting on the fiber composite material workpiece to be processed on the platform to form a hole. The tool disc drives the tool to move toward the cutting hole and extend into the cutting hole to polish the inner wall surface of the cutting hole.

2. The laser-mechanical coaxial compound drill bit of claim 1, wherein, The laser includes one or more of pulsed lasers and continuous lasers.

3. The laser-mechanical coaxial compound drill bit of claim 1, wherein, The tools connected to the first and second tool disks are symmetrically arranged about the central axis of the spindle.

4. The laser-mechanical coaxial compound drill bit of claim 1, wherein, The laser-mechanical coaxial composite telescopic drill bit also includes: The waste ejection unit is used to detect whether waste material has fallen out of the cut hole after laser cutting. If it has not fallen out, then... The waste material is ejected from the cut hole and then transferred.

5. The laser-mechanical coaxial compound drill bit of claim 4, wherein, The waste ejection unit includes: A waste detection platform is located below the material discharge hole and is equipped with detection sensors; A top rod is mounted on the waste detection platform; A push rod drive unit is mounted on the waste detection platform and connected to the push rod, for driving the push rod to move toward / away from the cut hole; And a detection platform drive unit, which is connected to the waste detection platform, for driving the waste detection platform toward / away from the cut hole and driving the waste detection platform to flip.

6. The laser-mechanical coaxial compound drill bit of claim 5, wherein, The waste ejection unit includes a control unit, which is connected to one or more of the laser, laser cutting head, tool disc adjustment unit, tool, spindle drive unit, ejector drive unit, detection platform drive unit, and detection sensor.

7. The laser-mechanical coaxial compound drill bit of claim 4, wherein, The waste ejection unit includes a waste bin for collecting waste.

8. The laser-mechanical coaxial compound drill bit of claim 1, wherein, The diameter of the blanking hole is larger than the diameter of the cutting hole.

9. The laser-mechanical coaxial compound drill bit of claim 1, wherein, When the laser cutting head processes the fiber composite material workpiece on the platform, the laser power is 100-8000W, the laser beam spot diameter is 30-100μm, the laser repetition frequency is 500-1000Hz, and the scanning speed is 50-100mm / s.

10. A method of laser cutting of fiber composite materials by means of a laser-mechanical coaxial composite retractable drill bit according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, The laser cutting method includes the following steps: The fiber composite material workpiece to be processed is clamped and fixed on the platform; controlling the tool disc adjusting unit to act so as to drive the first tool disc and the second tool disc to move away from each other by the tool disc adjusting unit to form a passage for the laser cutting head to extend out of; turning on the laser, and controlling the laser cutting head to move downwards so that the laser cutting head partially / entirely passes through the passage; the laser cutting head performing laser cutting on the fiber composite workpiece to form a cutout hole; controlling the unit to turn off the laser, and controlling the laser cutting head to move upwards until it returns to the interior space of the spindle; controlling the tool disc adjusting unit to act so as to drive the first tool disc and the second tool disc to move towards each other by the tool disc adjusting unit to adjust the position of the tool to ensure that the tool can extend into the cutout hole; controlling the spindle driving unit to act so as to drive the spindle, the tool disc adjusting unit, the first tool disc, the second tool disc and the tool to move towards the platform synchronously by the spindle driving unit, and make the tool extend into the cutout hole; the tool performing polishing on the inner wall surface of the cutout hole by rotating action.

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