Vehicle window assembly and vehicle

Abstract

The application relates to a vehicle window assembly and a vehicle, the vehicle window assembly comprising: an optical sensor installed in the interior of the vehicle; a vehicle window glass having an optical window in the field of view of the optical sensor, the vehicle window glass comprising an outer glass, a bonding layer and an inner glass which are sequentially stacked, the bonding layer having opposite first and second surfaces, the bonding layer being provided with a first through hole penetrating the first and second surfaces; the optical window is located in the first through hole, and the absolute value of the horizontal refractive power of the optical window is less than or equal to 60 mdpt. The vehicle window assembly of the application can make the absolute value of the horizontal refractive power of the optical window less than or equal to 60 mdpt, effectively improve the imaging quality of the optical sensor, and be much smaller than the requirement of 200 mdpt of the refractive power value in the related art. In addition, the horizontal refractive power of the optical window is not affected by the bonding layer, thereby being beneficial to improving the detection quality of the optical sensor, and especially meeting the refractive power requirement of a camera with high-precision narrow and small horizontal field of view.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of vehicle technology, and in particular to a window assembly and a vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of automotive intelligent technologies such as assisted driving and autonomous driving, the number of cameras required for vehicles has increased from just one to two, three, or even more, and the requirements for the image clarity of the cameras have also increased significantly.

[0003] For vehicles equipped with a front camera module (FCM) mounted on the windshield, the camera needs to obtain a real-time view of the vehicle in the direction of travel through the windshield. Therefore, the refractive power of the optical transmission area in the windshield used by the camera to obtain the external view of the vehicle needs to meet the corresponding requirements. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application aims to address at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, this application provides a vehicle window assembly and a vehicle that enables the absolute value of the horizontal refractive power of the optical sensor at the corresponding optical window of the vehicle window glass to be less than or equal to 60 mdpt, effectively improving the imaging quality of the optical sensor.

[0005] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a vehicle window assembly, including:

[0006] Optical sensors, installed inside the vehicle;

[0007] The vehicle window glass has an optical window within the field of view of the optical sensor. The vehicle window glass includes an outer glass layer, an adhesive layer, and an inner glass layer stacked sequentially. The adhesive layer has a first surface and a second surface facing each other. The adhesive layer has a first through hole penetrating the first surface and the second surface.

[0008] The optical window is located within the first through-hole, and the absolute value of the horizontal refractive power of the optical window is less than or equal to 60 mdpt.

[0009] The window assembly according to the first aspect of this application has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0010] The vehicle window assembly of this application enables the absolute value of the horizontal refractive power of the optical window to be less than or equal to 60 mdpt, effectively improving the imaging quality of the optical sensor, which is far less than the 200 mdpt requirement of related technologies. Furthermore, it ensures that the horizontal refractive power of the optical window is not affected by the adhesive layer, thereby improving the detection quality of the optical sensor, especially meeting the refractive power requirements of high-precision cameras with narrow horizontal field of view.

[0011] In some embodiments, the relative position of the vehicle window glass and the optical sensor satisfies the following condition:

[0012] After the window assembly is installed on the vehicle, the angle between the line connecting the top and bottom of the window glass and the central axis of the optical sensor is α; the vertical field of view of the optical sensor is β; the length of the line connecting the top and bottom of the first through hole is a; and the length of the line intersecting the vertical field of view of the optical sensor and the outer glass is b.

[0013] in, ;

[0014] and, K1 is a constant and K1 = 12 to 18.

[0015] In some embodiments, the relative position of the vehicle window glass and the optical sensor also satisfies the following condition:

[0016] The horizontal field of view of the optical sensor is γ; the width of the first through hole in the horizontal field of view of the optical sensor is m; the length of the intersection line between the horizontal field of view of the optical sensor and the outer glass is n;

[0017] in, ;

[0018] and, K2 is a constant and K2 = 24 to 36.

[0019] In some embodiments, α is 20° to 45°, β is 17° to 65°, and γ is 28° to 120°.

[0020] In some embodiments, the absolute value of the horizontal refractive power of the optical window is less than or equal to 55 mdpt, and the horizontal block range of the optical window is less than or equal to 60 mdpt.

[0021] In some embodiments, the absolute value of the vertical refractive power of the optical window is less than or equal to 50 mdpt, and the vertical block range of the optical window is less than or equal to 45 mdpt.

[0022] In some embodiments, the minimum gap distance between the optical sensor and the inner glass is c, where c is 2 mm to 5 mm.

[0023] In some embodiments, the vehicle window glass further includes a first shielding layer disposed between the outer glass and the adhesive layer, the first shielding layer having a second through hole communicating with the first through hole, and the optical window being located within the second through hole.

[0024] In some embodiments, the outline area of ​​the optical window is smaller than the outline area of ​​the second through hole, and the outline area of ​​the second through hole is smaller than or equal to the outline area of ​​the first through hole.

[0025] In some embodiments, the window glass further includes an anti-reflective layer disposed on the outer glass near the adhesive layer, the anti-reflective layer being located within the second through-hole and at least covering the optical window, the anti-reflective layer being used to reduce the reflectivity of the outer glass to optical signals emitted and / or received by the optical sensor.

[0026] In some embodiments, the window glass further includes an electrically heated element disposed on the side of the outer glass near the adhesive layer, the electrically heated element being located within the second through-hole and at least covering the optical window.

[0027] In some embodiments, an annular spacer layer is further sandwiched between the first shielding layer and the inner glass layer, the annular spacer layer being distributed along the contour edge of the first through hole.

[0028] In some embodiments, the window glass further includes a second shielding layer disposed on the side of the inner glass away from the adhesive layer.

[0029] In some embodiments, the first through-hole forms a hollow glass structure between the outer glass layer and the inner glass layer, and the first through-hole is filled with a dry gas, which is dry air or an inert gas.

[0030] In some embodiments, the first through-hole forms a vacuum glass structure between the outer glass layer and the inner glass layer, and the vacuum degree in the first through-hole is less than or equal to 0.1 Pa.

[0031] In some embodiments, the outer glass layer is transparent glass or ultra-transparent glass, and the inner glass layer is transparent glass or colored glass;

[0032] The total iron content of the transparent glass is less than or equal to 0.08%, and the visible light transmittance of the transparent glass is greater than or equal to 80%; the total iron content of the ultra-transparent glass is less than or equal to 0.015%, and the visible light transmittance of the ultra-transparent glass is greater than or equal to 91%; the total iron content of the tinted glass is greater than or equal to 0.1%, and the visible light transmittance of the tinted glass is greater than 70%.

[0033] In some embodiments, the optical sensor is a visible light camera with 2 million or more pixels, and the visible light camera has an MTF value of 0.6 or more at 1 / 2 Nyquist frequency.

[0034] In some embodiments, the optical window has a first transmittance TL1 for visible light with wavelengths in the range of 440nm to 700nm incident at an incident angle of 0 to 70°, and the optical window has a transmittance TL2 for visible light with wavelengths in the range of 600nm to 700nm incident at an incident angle of 0 to 70°. TL1 ≥ 50%, and the ratio of TL2 to TL1 is TL2 / TL1 ≥ 0.8.

[0035] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide a vehicle that includes the aforementioned window assembly, wherein the optical sensor is installed inside the vehicle and faces the optical window.

[0036] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of this application. In order to better understand the technical means of this application and to implement it in accordance with the contents of the specification, and to make the above and other objects, features and advantages of this application more obvious and understandable, the following are specific embodiments of this application. Attached Figure Description

[0037] Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the detailed description of the preferred embodiments below. The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of this application. Furthermore, the same reference numerals denote the same parts throughout the drawings. In the drawings:

[0038] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the vertical cross-section of the window assembly according to an embodiment of this application.

[0039] Figure 2 for Figure 1 The first through hole shown is an enlarged diagram of a trapezoidal shape.

[0040] Figure 3 for Figure 1 The first through hole shown is a magnified schematic diagram with a circular shape.

[0041] Figure 4 for Figure 1 The enlarged schematic diagram shows the shape of the first through hole as an ellipse.

[0042] Figure 5 for Figure 1 The first through hole shown is a rectangular shape, as shown in the enlarged schematic diagram.

[0043] Figure 6 for Figure 1 The diagram shows a partially enlarged structural schematic of the window assembly.

[0044] Figure 7 for Figure 1 The diagram shows a horizontal cross-sectional view of the window assembly.

[0045] Figure 8 This is a frontal view of the window assembly of this application from the perspective of looking out of the vehicle.

[0046] Figure 9 for Figure 8 The diagram shows a partially enlarged structural schematic of the window assembly.

[0047] Figure 10 This is another vertical cross-sectional schematic diagram of the window assembly according to an embodiment of this application.

[0048] Figure 11 This is another vertical cross-sectional schematic diagram of the window assembly according to an embodiment of this application.

[0049] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: window glass 100; optical window 101; outer glass 110; inner glass 120; through hole 121; adhesive layer 130; first through hole 131; first shielding layer 140; second through hole 141; extension 1401; anti-reflective layer 150; second shielding layer 160; annular spacer layer 170; optical sensor 200. Detailed Implementation

[0050] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of this application more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of this application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Many specific details are set forth in the following description to provide a thorough understanding of this application. However, this application can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar modifications without departing from the spirit of this application. Therefore, this application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0051] See Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a schematic vertical cross-sectional view of a vehicle window assembly according to an embodiment of this application. The vehicle window assembly includes an optical sensor 200 and a window glass 100.

[0052] An optical sensor 200 is installed inside the vehicle. The window glass 100 has an optical window 101 within the field of view of the optical sensor 200. Light emitted and / or received by the optical sensor 200 passes through the optical window 101 of the window glass 100 to collect environmental data outside the vehicle.

[0053] The vehicle window glass 100 includes an outer glass layer 110, an adhesive layer 130 and an inner glass layer 120 stacked in sequence. The adhesive layer 130 has a first surface and a second surface opposite to each other. The adhesive layer 130 has a first through hole 131 that penetrates the first surface and the second surface.

[0054] The optical window 101 is located within the first through hole 131, and the absolute value of the horizontal refractive power of the optical window 101 is less than or equal to 60 mdpt.

[0055] In this application, after the window glass 100 is installed on the vehicle, the outer glass 110 is located on the outside of the vehicle, and the inner glass 120 is located on the inside of the vehicle. The adhesive layer 130 connects the outer glass 110 and the inner glass 120 to form a laminated glass structure that meets the standards for use in automotive glass. The outer glass 110 has a surface facing away from the adhesive layer 130 and a surface facing the adhesive layer 130. The side of the outer glass 110 closest to the adhesive layer 130 is the surface of the outer glass 110 facing the adhesive layer 130 (inner surface), and the side of the outer glass 110 furthest from the adhesive layer 130 is the surface of the outer glass 110 facing away from the adhesive layer 130.

[0056] Similarly, the inner glass 120 has a surface facing away from the adhesive layer 130 and a surface facing the adhesive layer 130. The side of the inner glass 120 close to the adhesive layer 130 is the surface of the inner glass 120 facing the adhesive layer 130 (outer surface), and the side of the inner glass 120 away from the adhesive layer 130 is the surface of the inner glass 120 facing away from the adhesive layer 130.

[0057] The first and second surfaces of the adhesive layer 130 are respectively the surface of the adhesive layer 130 close to the interior of the vehicle and the surface of the adhesive layer 130 away from the interior of the vehicle.

[0058] It is understood that the vehicle window glass 100 in this application can be either the windshield or the rear windshield of a vehicle. Specifically, this application will be described using the windshield as an example.

[0059] This application does not impose specific limitations on the thickness and material of the outer glass layer 110, the material of the adhesive layer 130, or the thickness and material of the inner glass layer 120. Optionally, the thickness of the outer glass layer 110 is greater than or equal to 2.1 mm and less than or equal to 5 mm. The material of the outer glass layer 101 may include at least one of soda-lime glass, high-alumina glass, lithium aluminum glass, and borosilicate glass. The material of the adhesive layer 130 may be polyvinyl butyral (PVB) or ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), or ionomer polymer film (SGP), etc. The thickness of the inner glass layer 120 is greater than or equal to 0.7 mm and less than or equal to 2.1 mm. Similarly, the material of the inner glass layer 120 may include at least one of soda-lime glass, high-alumina glass, lithium aluminum glass, and borosilicate glass. The thickness of the outer glass layer 110 and the inner glass layer 120 may be the same or different, preferably the thickness of the outer glass layer 110 is greater than the thickness of the inner glass layer 120. The outer glass 110 can be made of the same material as the inner glass 120, or they can be different materials.

[0060] The outer glass layer 110 and the inner glass layer 120 can be processed using automotive glass bending forming technology to obtain a certain curvature. Examples of automotive glass bending forming processes include weight-bearing forming at at least 500°C and pressing forming at at least 500°C. The bent outer glass layer 110 and inner glass layer 120 are then laminated together with the adhesive layer 130 and processed using a lamination process. The outer glass layer 110, adhesive layer 130, and inner glass layer 120 are then bonded together to form a composite glass, thus obtaining the final vehicle window glass 100.

[0061] The adhesive layer 130 has a first through-hole 131. It is understood that the first through-hole 131 penetrates two opposite surfaces of the adhesive layer 130. The optical sensor 200 collects environmental data from outside the vehicle through an optical window 101 within the first through-hole 131. The optical sensor 200 can be mounted on the surface of the window glass 100 near the interior of the vehicle and near the center of the top edge of the window glass 100 using a suitable mounting bracket to facilitate obtaining a larger field of view. The imaging direction of the optical sensor 200 is towards the first through-hole 131.

[0062] To ensure the overall strength of the window glass 100 and better protect the passengers inside the vehicle, let the area of ​​the first through hole 131 be S1 and the area of ​​the window glass 100 be S. Preferably, S1 and S satisfy: 0.0004≤S1 / S≤0.15. This also meets the minimum field of view (FOV) requirement for the optical sensor 200 to acquire environmental data outside the vehicle and reduces the manufacturing difficulty of the window glass 100. Optionally, S1 and S can also satisfy: 0.0005≤S1 / S≤0.1, or 0.001≤S1 / S≤0.008.

[0063] Understandably, the detection light emitted by the optical sensor 200 passes through the inner glass 120, the first through-hole 131, and the outer glass 110 to detect objects outside the vehicle. Detection light emitted or reflected by objects outside the vehicle passes through the outer glass 110, the first through-hole 131, and the inner glass 120 before entering the optical sensor 200. Thus, the optical sensor 200 can collect environmental data from outside the vehicle and transmit this data to the vehicle's ADAS (Advanced Driving Assistance System). The ADAS system's algorithms process the environmental image data accordingly to provide assisted driving. The environmental data can be image data or point cloud data, etc.

[0064] See Figure 1 and Figure 2The light emitted and / or received by the optical sensor 200 needs to pass through the field of view of the optical sensor 200. The optical window 101 of the vehicle window glass 100 corresponds to the field of view of the optical sensor 200 in the forward field of view, that is, the field of view of the optical sensor 200 forms the optical window 101 on the vehicle window glass 100. In order to allow the light emitted and / or received by the optical sensor 200 to pass smoothly through the vehicle window glass 100, the adhesive layer 130 has a first through hole 131 at the position corresponding to the optical window 101, and the optical window 101 is located in the first through hole 131.

[0065] See Figures 2 to 5 The shape of the first through-hole 131 can be one of trapezoidal, circular, elliptical, square, or rectangular. The area enclosed by the dotted line within the first through-hole 131 is the optical window 101 formed on the vehicle window glass 100 by the field of view of the optical sensor 200. Figure 2 As shown, the first through hole 131 is trapezoidal, preferably with rounded corners having a radius greater than or equal to 5mm. Figure 3 As shown, the first through hole 131 is circular. Figure 4 As shown, the first through hole 131 is elliptical. Figure 5 As shown, the first through hole 131 is rectangular, and preferably the four corners of the rectangle are rounded with a radius greater than or equal to 5mm.

[0066] It is understood that the field of view of the optical sensor 200 has a field of view (FOV), which represents the size of the field of view of the optical sensor 200. The field of view (FOV) of the optical sensor 200 includes a vertical field of view of β and a horizontal field of view of γ. In order to reduce the refractive power of the optical sensor 200 in the optical window 101 corresponding to the vehicle window glass 100 and improve the imaging quality of the optical sensor 200, this application designs the relative positions of the outer glass 110, the inner glass 120 and the optical sensor 200, as well as the size parameters of the optical window 101 and the first through hole 131, so that the absolute value of the horizontal refractive power of the optical sensor 200 in the optical window 101 corresponding to the vehicle window glass 100 is less than or equal to 60 mdpt, which is much less than the requirement of 200 mdpt for the refractive power value in related technologies, effectively improving the imaging quality of the optical sensor 200. In addition, it can ensure that the horizontal refractive power of the optical window 101 is not affected by the adhesive layer 130, which is conducive to improving the detection quality of the optical sensor 200, especially to meeting the refractive power requirements of cameras with high precision and narrow horizontal field of view.

[0067] In some embodiments of this application, such as Figure 6 As shown, Figure 6 for Figure 1The diagram shows a partially enlarged structural schematic of the window assembly. After the window assembly is installed on the vehicle, the angle between the line connecting the top and bottom edges of the window glass 100 and the central axis of the optical sensor 200 is α. The central axis of the optical sensor 200 can be understood as the optical axis of the optical sensor 200. The line connecting the top and bottom edges of the window glass 100 can be referenced... Figure 6 The extension line of the inner surface of the car window glass 100, and the central axis of the optical sensor 200 can be referenced. Figure 6 The horizontal dashed line in the diagram represents the field of view of the optical sensor 200. The vertical field of view of the optical sensor 200 is β, which is the field of view of the optical sensor 200 in the vertical section. The length of the line connecting the top and bottom of the first through-hole 131 is a, which is equal to the maximum dimension of the first through-hole 131 along the line connecting the top and bottom of the window glass 100. The length of the intersection line between the vertical field of view of the optical sensor 200 and the outer glass 110 is b, meaning the maximum dimension of the optical window 101 along the line connecting the top and bottom of the window glass 100 is b. The relative positions of the window glass 100 and the optical sensor 200 satisfy the following conditions: ;

[0068] and, That is, along the line connecting the top and bottom of the window glass 100, the difference between the size of the first through hole 131 and the size of the optical window 101 is greater than or equal to 10mm, which ensures that the horizontal refractive power of the optical window 101 is not affected by the adhesive layer 130, thereby improving the detection quality of the optical sensor 200 and meeting the refractive power requirements of a high-precision camera with a narrow field of view.

[0069] In this application, K1 is a constant and K1 = 12 to 18. Optionally, K1 can be one of 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, or 18. The units of a and b are both millimeters (mm).

[0070] Optionally, α is greater than or equal to 20° and less than or equal to 45°. β is greater than or equal to 17° and less than or equal to 65°. For example, α can be one of 20°, 24°, 30°, 35°, 40°, 42°, 45°, etc. β can be one of 17°, 20°, 25°, 30°, 40°, 50°, 65°, etc. By making α greater than or equal to 20° and less than or equal to 45°, and β greater than or equal to 17° and less than or equal to 65°, a high-precision, narrow field-of-view camera is used while the absolute value of the horizontal refractive power of the optical window 101 is less than or equal to 60 mdpt.

[0071] like Figure 7 As shown, Figure 7This is a schematic diagram of a horizontal cross-section of the window assembly. The horizontal field of view of the optical sensor 200 is γ. The horizontal field of view of the optical sensor 200 is the field of view angle of the optical sensor 200 in the horizontal cross-section. The width of the first through hole 131 in the horizontal field of view direction of the optical sensor 200 is m, and the length of the intersection line between the horizontal field of view of the optical sensor 200 and the outer glass 110 is n. The relative position of the window glass 100 and the optical sensor 200 also satisfies the following conditions: ;

[0072] and, That is, along the horizontal field of view, the difference between the size of the first through hole 131 and the size of the optical window 101 is greater than or equal to 10mm, ensuring that the vertical refractive power of the optical window 101 is not affected by the adhesive layer 130, thereby improving the detection quality of the optical sensor 200 and meeting the refractive power requirements of a high-precision camera with a narrow field of view.

[0073] In this application, K2 is a constant and K2 = 24 to 36. Optionally, K2 can be one of 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, or 36. The units of m and n are both millimeters (mm).

[0074] Optionally, γ is greater than or equal to 28° and less than or equal to 120°. For example, γ can be one of 28°, 40°, 65°, 74°, 89°, 97°, 120°, etc. By making γ greater than or equal to 28° and less than or equal to 120°, while using a high-precision, narrow field-of-view camera, the absolute value of the vertical diopter of the optical window 101 is less than or equal to 60 mdpt.

[0075] In some embodiments of this application, the absolute value of the horizontal refractive power of the optical window 101 is less than or equal to 55 mdpt, and the horizontal block range of the optical window 101 is less than or equal to 60 mdpt.

[0076] Optionally, the absolute value of the horizontal refractive power of the optical window 101 can be less than or equal to 50 mdpt, less than or equal to 45 mdpt, and further less than or equal to 40 mdpt. Optionally, the horizontal block range value of the optical window 101 can be less than or equal to 55 mdpt, less than or equal to 50 mdpt, and further less than or equal to 45 mdpt. Here, the horizontal refractive power of the optical window 101 refers to the refractive power of the optical window 101 along the horizontal direction. The horizontal block range value of the optical window 101 is calculated by dividing the optical window 101 into several blocks, detecting the maximum and minimum refractive power of each block in the horizontal direction, calculating the difference between the maximum and minimum refractive power as the range value of each block, and the maximum value among all the block range values ​​is the horizontal block range value of the optical window 101.

[0077] In some embodiments of this application, the absolute value of the vertical refractive power of the optical window 101 is less than or equal to 50 mdpt, and the vertical block range of the optical window 101 is less than or equal to 45 mdpt.

[0078] Optionally, the absolute value of the vertical refractive power of the optical window 101 can be less than or equal to 45 mdpt, less than or equal to 40 mdpt, further less than or equal to 35 mdpt, even less than or equal to 30 mdpt, and even more than less than or equal to 26 mdpt. Optionally, the vertical block range of the optical window 101 can be less than or equal to 40 mdpt, less than or equal to 35 mdpt, and even more than less than or equal to 30 mdpt. Here, the vertical refractive power of the optical window 101 refers to the refractive power of the optical window along the extension direction of the target axis (the line connecting the top and bottom of the window glass). The vertical block range of the optical window 101 is calculated by dividing the optical window into several blocks, detecting the maximum and minimum refractive powers of each block along the extension direction of the target axis, calculating the difference between the maximum and minimum refractive powers as the range value of each block, and the maximum value among all the block range values ​​is the vertical block range value of the optical window 101.

[0079] In some embodiments of this application, see Figure 6 The minimum gap distance between the optical sensor 200 and the inner glass 120 is c, where c is 2 mm to 5 mm. That is, it is greater than or equal to 2 mm and less than or equal to 5 mm.

[0080] The minimum gap distance between the optical sensor 200 and the inner glass layer 120 can be understood as the distance from the closest point on the optical sensor 200 to the inner glass layer 120. Specific examples include 2mm, 2.5mm, 3mm, 3.5mm, 4mm, 4.5mm, and 5mm. This ensures that the optical sensor 200 and the inner glass layer 120 are as close as possible, while also facilitating the setting of the position and size of the first through-hole 121. In this application, constants K1 and K2 can be determined based on the distance c between the optical sensor 200 and the inner glass layer 120. For example, when the distance c equals 2mm, constant K1 is 12 and constant K2 is 24; or, when the distance c equals 5mm, constant K1 is 18 and constant K3 is 36. When the distance c is greater than 2mm and less than 5mm, K1 can be a value greater than 12 and less than 18, and K2 can be a value greater than 24 and less than 36, depending on the actual design.

[0081] In some embodiments of this application, see Figure 1 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 The vehicle window glass 100 also includes a first shielding layer 140 disposed between the outer glass 110 and the adhesive layer 130. The first shielding layer 140 has a second through hole 141, which communicates with the first through hole 131, and the optical window 101 is located in the second through hole 141.

[0082] Specifically, the outer glass layer 110, the first shielding layer 140, the adhesive layer 130, and the inner glass layer 120 are stacked sequentially. The second through-hole 141 of the first shielding layer 140 is connected to the first through-hole 131 of the adhesive layer 130. The first shielding layer 140 can be used to shield components inside the vehicle, ensuring consistent color around the window glass, improving the overall appearance, blocking solar radiation, preventing aging of interior components, and improving product stability and lifespan. The material of the first shielding layer 140 is preferably at least one of black ceramic ink, brown ceramic ink, black ultraviolet ink, and brown ultraviolet ink, and it can be formed by screen printing, inkjet printing, or other methods. The thickness of the first shielding layer 140 is in the micrometer range, for example, 5 to 40 micrometers.

[0083] It should be noted that because the adhesive layer 130 has a first through-hole 131, the first through-hole 131 has a corresponding outline boundary. When people outside the vehicle look into the vehicle through the outer glass 110, it will have a noticeable unsightly appearance. In other words, the adhesive layer 130 with the first through-hole 131 will bring an appearance defect to the overall window glass 100. Based on this, the outline boundary of the second through-hole 141 of the first shielding layer 140 can cover the outline boundary of the first through-hole 131, so that the shielding layer defined by the outline boundary of the second through-hole 141 covers the outline boundary of the first through-hole 131, thereby improving the overall appearance of the window glass 100.

[0084] See Figure 8 and Figure 9 The first shielding layer 140 is disposed around the edge of the surface of the outer glass 110 near the interior side (the inner surface of the outer glass), and extends from the top center to the center of the outer glass 110 in a T-shaped shielding area. This is because the optical sensor 200 is usually integrated at the top center of the windshield, and to meet the requirements of vehicle appearance and component layout, these components can be shielded by the T-shaped shielding area of ​​the first shielding layer 140. In order to allow the optical sensor 200 to collect external environmental data of the vehicle through the first through-hole 131, the T-shaped shielding area of ​​the first shielding layer 140 is provided with a second through-hole 141, that is, the second through-hole 141 is not covered by the first shielding layer 140, and the optical window 101 is located within the second through-hole 141.

[0085] In some embodiments, the outline area of ​​the optical window 101 is smaller than the outline area of ​​the second through hole 141, and the outline area of ​​the second through hole 141 is smaller than or equal to the outline area of ​​the first through hole 131.

[0086] Specifically, the dimension of the second through-hole 141 along the extension direction of the target axis is greater than or equal to b and less than or equal to a, and / or the dimension of the second through-hole 141 along the horizontal direction is greater than or equal to n and less than or equal to m. In other words, the outline area of ​​the second through-hole 141 can be greater than or equal to the outline area of ​​the optical window 101. Usually, the outline area of ​​the second through-hole 141 is slightly larger than the outline area of ​​the optical window 101. This can avoid the reduction of the field of view due to insufficient outline area of ​​the second through-hole 141, and also avoid the excessive entry of stray light from outside the vehicle into the optical sensor 200 due to excessively large outline area of ​​the second through-hole 141, resulting in poor image quality. Preferably, the outline of the second through-hole 141 is 1 to 20 mm larger than the outline of the optical window 101. Examples of specific sizes include 1 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm, 5 mm, 8 mm, 10 mm, 15 mm, 20 mm, etc., with 1 to 10 mm being more preferred.

[0087] Furthermore, the outline area of ​​the second through hole 141 is less than or equal to the outline area of ​​the first through hole 131 to achieve a better masking effect. Figure 8 and Figure 9 In the first shielding layer 140, there is an extension 1401 extending into the first through hole 131, so that the outline area of ​​the second through hole 141 is smaller than the outline area of ​​the first through hole 131. The extension 1401 can be continuous printing ink or stippled ink spaced apart from each other, preferably stippled ink spaced apart from each other, which can further improve the optical quality of the optical window 101.

[0088] In some embodiments of this application, the surface of the outer glass 110 near the adhesive layer 130 and the surface of the inner glass 120 near the adhesive layer 130 seal the first through hole 131, thereby forming a sealed cavity around the first through hole 131. This sealed cavity is filled with dry gas, so that the first through hole 131 forms a hollow glass structure in the outer glass 110 and the inner glass 120. The dry gas is dry air or an inert gas, such as nitrogen or argon. This makes the vehicle window glass 100 present a laminated glass structure as a whole and a hollow glass structure in a local area, that is, a hollow glass structure in the optical window 101 area. This not only improves the optical quality of the optical window 101 and protects the adhesive layer 130, but also ensures the overall strength of the vehicle window glass 100. Furthermore, the area with the hollow glass structure has good heat insulation and sound insulation performance.

[0089] In some other embodiments of this application, the surface of the outer glass 110 near the adhesive layer 130 and the surface of the inner glass 120 near the adhesive layer 130 seal the first through hole 131, thereby forming a sealed cavity around the first through hole 131. The sealed cavity is evacuated to a vacuum, and the vacuum degree in the first through hole 131 is less than or equal to 0.1 Pa, so that the first through hole 131 forms a vacuum glass structure in the outer glass 110 and the inner glass 120. This makes the vehicle window glass 100 present a laminated glass structure as a whole and a vacuum glass structure in a local area, that is, a vacuum glass structure in the area of ​​the optical window 101. This not only improves the optical quality of the optical window 101 and protects the adhesive layer 130, but also ensures the overall strength of the vehicle window glass 100. Furthermore, the area with the vacuum glass structure has excellent heat insulation and sound insulation performance.

[0090] Further, see Figure 1 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 The inner glass 120 has a through hole 121, which is connected to the first through hole 131 to introduce dry gas into the first through hole 131 or to evacuate the first through hole 131. The vertical projection of the first shielding layer 140 relative to the inner glass 120 covers the through hole 121, and the vertical projection of the optical window 101 relative to the inner glass 120 does not coincide with the through hole 121.

[0091] It is understandable that after the outer glass 110, the adhesive layer 130 and the inner glass 120 are stacked in sequence to form the car window glass 100, the through hole 121 of the inner glass 120 can be connected to an external vacuum device, so that the first through hole 131 is evacuated through the through hole 121, and a vacuum state is formed in the first through hole 131.

[0092] Of course, the device for filling with dry gas (such as a nitrogen filling device) can also be connected to the through hole 121 of the inner glass 120, so that dry gas can be introduced into the first through hole 131 through the through hole 121, and the first through hole 131 can be filled with dry gas.

[0093] Furthermore, in one embodiment of this application, the diameter of the through hole 121 is greater than or equal to 5 mm and less than or equal to 20 mm. The diameter of the through hole 121 is much smaller than the diameter of the first through hole 131, which facilitates the introduction of dry gas into the first through hole 131 or the evacuation of the first through hole 131 through the through hole 121 without affecting the overall strength of the inner glass 120.

[0094] The first shielding layer 140 covers the through-hole 121 with its vertical projection relative to the inner glass layer 120. This allows the first shielding layer 140 to conceal the through-hole 121, preventing it from being seen from outside the vehicle and thus improving the overall aesthetics and uniformity of the window glass 100. Furthermore, the through-hole 121 is located on the periphery of the optical window 101, and the distance between the through-hole 121 and the boundary of the optical window 101 is greater than or equal to 10mm. This ensures that the vertical projection of the optical window 101 relative to the inner glass layer 120 does not coincide with the through-hole 121, further preventing the through-hole 121 from affecting the imaging quality of the optical sensor 200.

[0095] Prepare two pieces of 2.1mm thick silicate glass. According to the bending process of automotive glass, such as self-weight bending or pressing bending, bend each piece of silicate glass into shape. Then, combine the two bent silicate glass pieces with a 0.76mm PVB (bonding layer) and perform initial pressing and high pressure treatment to form the car window glass of Comparative Examples 1-10. Measure and calculate the measured data of the horizontal refractive power, horizontal square range, vertical refractive power, and vertical square range of the optical window of Comparative Examples 1-10. Record the measurement results in Table 1.

[0096] Table 1: Measurement results of vehicle window glass in Comparative Examples 1-10

[0097]

[0098] Prepare two pieces of 2.1mm thick silicate glass. According to the bending process of automotive glass, such as self-weight bending process or pressing bending process, bend each piece of silicate glass into shape. Then, the two pieces of bent silicate glass and a piece of 0.76mm PVB are laminated, pre-pressed, and high-pressure treated to form the car window glass of Examples 1-10. The 0.76mm PVB has a first through hole 131. The two pieces of bent silicate glass and the 0.76mm PVB are respectively the outer glass 110, the inner glass 120, and the adhesive layer 130. Measure and calculate the measured data of the horizontal refractive power, the horizontal square range of the optical window, the vertical refractive power, and the vertical square range of the optical window of Examples 1-10. Record the measurement results in Table 2.

[0099] Table 2: Measurement results of vehicle window glass in Examples 1-10

[0100]

[0101] The data in Tables 1 and 2 were obtained using the ISRA VISION LABSCAN-SCREEN system. Horizontal refractive power was measured using filter parameters 1 / 2 / 0 30 / 4 / 4 and a detection angle of 26.8° to determine the maximum refractive power of the optical window in the horizontal direction. The horizontal block range was calculated by dividing the optical window into several 2mm*2mm blocks, measuring the maximum and minimum refractive power of each block in the horizontal direction using filter parameters 1 / 2 / 0 30 / 4 / 4 and a detection angle of 26.8°, and calculating the difference between the maximum and minimum refractive power as the range value for each block. The maximum value among all block range values ​​was taken as the horizontal block range value. Vertical refractive power was measured using filter parameters 1 / 2 / 0 30 / 4 / 4 and a detection angle of 26.8° to determine the maximum refractive power of the optical window in the direction extending from the target axis. The vertical block range is calculated by dividing the optical window into several 2mm*2mm blocks. Using filter parameters of 1 / 2 / 0 30 / 4 / 4 and a detection angle of 26.8°, the maximum and minimum refractive powers of each block along the extension direction of the target axis are measured. The difference between the maximum and minimum refractive powers is calculated as the range value for each block. The maximum value among all block ranges is taken as the vertical block range value. In Tables 1 and 2, the signs of the horizontal and vertical refractive powers only indicate the direction of optical distortion; positive numbers indicate outward convexity, and negative numbers indicate inward concavity. The absolute values ​​of the horizontal and vertical refractive powers represent the degree of optical distortion; the larger the absolute value, the greater the degree of optical distortion.

[0102] As shown in Table 1, the absolute values ​​of the horizontal refractive power of the car windows in Comparative Examples 1-10, which use traditional laminated glass, are all greater than 180 mdpt, and the horizontal square range is greater than 85 mdpt. Since car windows are typically used as windshields and are usually installed vertically to minimize visual distortion and fatigue for the driver, the horizontal optical deformation of the optical window has the greatest impact on the image acquisition of the optical sensor, resulting in greater distortion of the acquired image. As shown in Table 2, the car window glass 100 of this application used in Examples 1-10 can significantly reduce the absolute value of the horizontal refractive power of the optical window to less than or equal to 60 mdpt, further to less than or equal to 55 mdpt, even further to less than or equal to 50 mdpt, and even less than or equal to 45 mdpt, and even further to less than or equal to 40 mdpt. Simultaneously, it can also reduce the horizontal square range of the optical window to less than or equal to 60 mdpt, even less than or equal to 55 mdpt, and even more than less than or equal to 50 mdpt.

[0103] Furthermore, the only difference between Examples 1-10 and Comparative Examples 1-10 is that the 0.76mm PVB has a first through hole 131, as can be seen from Tables 1 and 2:

[0104] The absolute value of the horizontal refractive power of the optical windows in Examples 1-10 is reduced by at least 100 mdpt, further by at least 130 mdpt, even further by at least 150 mdpt, and even by at least 180 mdpt compared to the optical windows in Comparative Examples 1-10. The horizontal block range of the optical windows in Examples 1-10 is reduced by at least 30 mdpt, further by at least 50 mdpt, even further by at least 60 mdpt, and even by at least 70 mdpt compared to the horizontal block range of the optical windows in Comparative Examples 1-10. Therefore, it is evident that the optical distortion in the horizontal direction of the optical windows in Examples 1-10 is significantly improved, preventing localized aberrations in the acquired images.

[0105] The absolute value of the vertical refractive power of the optical windows in Examples 1-10 is reduced by at least 1 mdpt, further by at least 5 mdpt, even further by at least 10 mdpt, and even by at least 20 mdpt compared to the absolute value of the vertical refractive power of the optical windows in Comparative Examples 1-10. The vertical block range of the optical windows in Examples 1-4 and 6-10 is reduced by at least 1 mdpt, further by at least 5 mdpt, even further by at least 10 mdpt, and even by at least 20 mdpt compared to the vertical block range of the optical windows in Comparative Examples 1-4 and 6-10. Therefore, it can be seen that the optical distortion in the vertical direction of the optical windows in Examples 1-10 is also improved to a certain extent, preventing local abnormal distortion in the acquired images.

[0106] In some embodiments of this application, see Figure 10 The vehicle window glass 100 also includes an anti-reflection layer 150 disposed on the side of the outer glass 110 near the adhesive layer 130. The anti-reflection layer 150 is located within the second through hole 141 and at least covers the optical window 101. The anti-reflection layer 150 is used to reduce the reflectivity of the outer glass 110 to the optical signals emitted and / or received by the optical sensor 200.

[0107] Furthermore, the window glass 100 also includes an electric heating element (not shown) disposed on the side of the outer glass 110 near the adhesive layer 130, the electric heating element being located within the second through hole 141 and at least covering the optical window 101.

[0108] Specifically, the electric heating element may include an electric heating wire, an electric heating plate, etc. For example, a tungsten wire. The electric heating element is used to heat the optical window 101, thereby achieving the effects of defogging and defrosting the optical window 101 and improving the detection quality of the optical sensor 200.

[0109] In some embodiments of this application, see Figure 11 An annular spacer 170 is also sandwiched between the first shielding layer 140 and the inner glass layer 120, and the annular spacer 170 is distributed along the contour edge of the first through hole 131.

[0110] Specifically, the annular spacer layer 170 can be a high-temperature resistant material layer, such as an EPDM rubber layer, a polyurethane material layer, a polypropylene material layer, a polyvinyl chloride material layer, a polycarbonate material layer, etc. It is understood that the annular spacer layer 170 is located between the first through-hole 131 and the adhesive layer 130.

[0111] It should be noted that by providing an annular spacer layer 170 along the contour edge of the first through hole 131, this application can improve the structural strength between the first shielding layer 140 and the inner glass layer 120. At the same time, it is more conducive to forming an insulated glass structure or a vacuum glass structure in the first through hole 131.

[0112] In some embodiments of this application, see Figure 1 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 The window glass 100 also includes a second shielding layer 160, which is disposed on the side of the inner glass 120 away from the adhesive layer 130.

[0113] Specifically, the second shielding layer 160 may be disposed only at the top center of the inner surface of the inner glass 120 on the side surface away from the adhesive layer 130 (the inner surface of the inner glass 120), and the shape of the T-shaped shielding area of ​​the first shielding layer 140 may be consistent. Alternatively, it may be disposed around the four edges of the inner surface of the inner glass 120 and extend from the top center to the center of the inner surface of the inner glass 120 in a T-shaped shielding area.

[0114] Specifically, the outer glass layer 110, the first shielding layer 140, the adhesive layer 130, the inner glass layer 120, and the second shielding layer 160 are stacked sequentially. The material of the second shielding layer 160 is preferably at least one of black ceramic ink, brown ceramic ink, black ultraviolet ink, and brown ultraviolet ink, and it can be formed by screen printing, inkjet printing, or other methods. The thickness of the second shielding layer 160 is in the micrometer range, for example, 5 to 40 micrometers.

[0115] Furthermore, the outer glass layer 110 is transparent or ultra-transparent glass, and the inner glass layer 120 is transparent or tinted glass. The total iron content of the transparent glass is less than or equal to 0.08%, and the visible light transmittance of the transparent glass is greater than or equal to 80%; the total iron content of the ultra-transparent glass is less than or equal to 0.015%, and the visible light transmittance of the ultra-transparent glass is greater than or equal to 91%; the total iron content of the tinted glass is greater than or equal to 0.1%, and the visible light transmittance of the tinted glass is greater than 70%.

[0116] Optionally, the optical sensor 200 can be used to collect data about the vehicle's external environment. For example, the optical sensor 200 can be a visible light camera, a near-infrared camera, a thermal imager, a lidar, a gesture detection sensor, etc., to better realize the vehicle's intelligence and safety performance.

[0117] The optical sensor 200 is a visible light camera with a pixel count of 2 megapixels or higher. The MTF value of the visible light camera at 1 / 2 Nyquist frequency is greater than or equal to 0.6. Specifically, the photosensitive chip of the visible light camera can be a Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) or a Charge Coupled Device (CCD). The pixel count of the visible light camera can be 2 megapixels, 5 megapixels, 8 megapixels, etc. The size of the photosensitive chip of the visible light camera can be 2 / 3'' (8.8mm*6.6mm), 1 / 1.7'' (7.4mm*5.6mm), 1 / 1.8'' (7.2mm*5.3mm), etc., with larger photosensitive chips preferred to receive more light signals. The lens parameters of the visible light camera, such as focal length, aperture number, and angle of view, are designed to meet the requirements of the application scenario. The maximum optical distortion of the visible light camera lens is less than 3%, and the modulation transfer function (MTF) value of the visible light camera at 1 / 2 Nyquist frequency is greater than or equal to 0.6, thus meeting the requirements for high-definition image acquisition.

[0118] To further meet the needs of high-definition image acquisition, especially the image acquisition needs of visible light cameras with a pixel count of 5 million or even 8 million, the optical window 101 preferably has a first transmittance TL1 for visible light with wavelengths in the range of 440nm to 700nm incident at an incident angle of 0 to 70°, where TL1 ≥ 50%. Specific examples include TL1 = 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, and even TL1 ≥ 70%. Furthermore, the transmittance TL2 of the optical window 101 for visible light with wavelengths in the range of 600nm to 700nm incident at an incident angle of 0 to 70°, the ratio of TL2 to TL1 TL2 / TL1 ≥ 0.8, the ratio of TL2 to TL1 is also commonly referred to as the red light ratio, and specific examples can be TL2 / TL1 = 0.80, 0.81, 0.82, 0.83, 0.84, 0.85, 0.86, 0.88, etc., preferably TL2 / TL1 ≥ 0.85.

[0119] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide a vehicle, which includes the aforementioned window assembly, with an optical sensor 200 installed inside the vehicle and facing the optical window 101.

[0120] Vehicles can be cars, buses, trucks, tractors, special-purpose transport vehicles, and special-purpose vehicles, etc. Of course, vehicles can also include wheels, chassis, engines, etc.

[0121] The optical sensor 200 is disposed on the side of the inner glass 120 facing away from the adhesive layer 130. Understandably, the optical sensor 200 is disposed inside the vehicle and can be fixed to the surface of the inner glass 120 facing away from the adhesive layer 130 via a bracket or similar means, or it can be fixed to the roof crossbeam via a bracket or similar means. The imaging direction of the optical sensor 200 faces the first through-hole 131.

[0122] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0123] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementation methods of this application, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the patent application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this application, and these all fall within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this patent application should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A vehicle window assembly, characterized in that, include: An optical sensor (200) is installed inside the vehicle; The vehicle window glass (100) has an optical window (101) within the field of view of the optical sensor (200). The vehicle window glass (100) includes an outer glass layer (110), an adhesive layer (130), and an inner glass layer (120) stacked sequentially. The adhesive layer (130) has a first surface and a second surface opposite to each other. The adhesive layer (130) has a first through hole (131) penetrating the first surface and the second surface. The optical window (101) is located within the first through hole (131), and the absolute value of the horizontal refractive power of the optical window (101) is less than or equal to 60 mdpt; The relative positions of the vehicle window glass (100) and the optical sensor (200) satisfy the following conditions: After the window assembly is installed on the vehicle, the angle between the line connecting the top and bottom of the window glass (100) and the central axis of the optical sensor (200) is α; the vertical field of view of the optical sensor (200) is β; the length of the line connecting the top and bottom of the first through hole (131) is a; and the length of the line intersecting the vertical field of view of the optical sensor (200) and the outer glass (110) is b. in, ; and, K1 is a constant and K1 = 12 to 18; The relative positions of the vehicle window glass (100) and the optical sensor (200) also satisfy the following conditions: The horizontal field of view of the optical sensor (200) is γ; the width of the first through hole (131) in the horizontal field of view of the optical sensor (200) is m; the length of the line of intersection between the horizontal field of view of the optical sensor (200) and the outer glass (110) is n; in, ; and, K2 is a constant and K2 = 24 to 36.

2. The window assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that, The α is 20° to 45°, the β is 17° to 65°, and the γ is 28° to 120°.

3. The window assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that, The absolute value of the horizontal refractive power of the optical window (101) is less than or equal to 55 mdpt, and the horizontal square range of the optical window (101) is less than or equal to 60 mdpt.

4. The window assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that, The absolute value of the vertical refractive power of the optical window (101) is less than or equal to 50 mdpt, and the vertical block range of the optical window (101) is less than or equal to 45 mdpt.

5. The window assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that, The minimum gap distance between the optical sensor (200) and the inner glass (120) is c, where c is 2 mm to 5 mm.

6. The window assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vehicle window glass (100) further includes a first shielding layer (140) disposed between the outer glass (110) and the adhesive layer (130). The first shielding layer (140) has a second through hole (141) which communicates with the first through hole (131), and the optical window (101) is located in the second through hole (141).

7. The window assembly according to claim 6, characterized in that, The outline area of ​​the optical window (101) is smaller than the outline area of ​​the second through hole (141), and the outline area of ​​the second through hole (141) is smaller than or equal to the outline area of ​​the first through hole (131).

8. The window assembly according to claim 6, characterized in that, The vehicle window glass (100) also includes an anti-reflective layer (150) disposed on the outer glass (110) near the adhesive layer (130), the anti-reflective layer (150) being located within the second through hole (141) and at least covering the optical window (101), the anti-reflective layer (150) being used to reduce the reflectivity of the outer glass (110) to the optical signals emitted and / or received by the optical sensor (200).

9. The window assembly according to claim 6, characterized in that, The window glass (100) also includes an electric heating element disposed on the side of the outer glass (110) near the adhesive layer (130), the electric heating element being located within the second through hole (141) and at least covering the optical window (101).

10. The window assembly according to claim 6, characterized in that, An annular spacer layer (170) is also sandwiched between the first shielding layer (140) and the inner glass layer (120), and the annular spacer layer (170) is distributed along the contour edge of the first through hole (131).

11. The window assembly according to claim 1 or 6, characterized in that, The window glass (100) also includes a second shielding layer (160), which is disposed on the side of the inner glass (120) away from the adhesive layer (130).

12. The window assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first through hole (131) forms a hollow glass structure between the outer glass layer (110) and the inner glass layer (120). The first through hole (131) is filled with dry gas, which is dry air or inert gas.

13. The window assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first through hole (131) forms a vacuum glass structure between the outer glass layer (110) and the inner glass layer (120), and the vacuum degree in the first through hole (131) is less than or equal to 0.1 Pa.

14. The window assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer glass layer (110) is transparent glass or ultra-transparent glass, and the inner glass layer (120) is transparent glass or colored glass; The total iron content of the transparent glass is less than or equal to 0.08%, and the visible light transmittance of the transparent glass is greater than or equal to 80%; the total iron content of the ultra-transparent glass is less than or equal to 0.015%, and the visible light transmittance of the ultra-transparent glass is greater than or equal to 91%; the total iron content of the tinted glass is greater than or equal to 0.1%, and the visible light transmittance of the tinted glass is greater than 70%.

15. The window assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that, The optical sensor (200) is a visible light camera with more than or equal to 2 million pixels, and the visible light camera has an MTF value of more than or equal to 0.6 at 1 / 2 Nyquist frequency.

16. The window assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that, The optical window (101) has a first transmittance TL1 for visible light with wavelengths in the range of 440nm to 700nm incident at an incident angle of 0 to 70°, and the optical window (101) has a transmittance TL2 for visible light with wavelengths in the range of 600nm to 700nm incident at an incident angle of 0 to 70°. TL1 ≥ 50%, and the ratio of TL2 to TL1 is TL2 / TL1 ≥ 0.

8.

17. A vehicle, characterized in that, The vehicle includes a window assembly as described in any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein the optical sensor (200) is mounted inside the vehicle and faces the optical window (101).

Images