A groundwater pressure measuring and pressure releasing device in a railway tunnel inverted arch

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of railway tunnel inverted arch groundwater pressure measurement and pressure relief device, belong to rail transit field, the device whole is installed in the inverted arch inside of center drainage ditch side face and presents "7" type, is divided into the front half of parallel to ground plane and the rear half of vertical to ground plane and with inverted arch bottom communication, including the front half of device The front section pressure relief system of setting, the pressure measurement system of setting in the middle and bottom of device and the dissolving substance delivery device capable of dissolving mineral in groundwater.The pressure measurement system of setting can monitor the water pressure change condition in tunnel inverted arch in real time, through Internet of Things cloud platform monitoring center and terminal state inquiry management system networking, it is favorable to early warning to tunnel water pressure, pressure relief system timely automatic drainage pressure relief, avoid tunnel water seepage disaster further occurrence;Dissolving substance delivery device can dissolve mineral in groundwater, effectively avoid the appearance of more precipitate in tunnel ditch bottom, block normal drainage of ditch.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of rail transit, and in particular to a device for measuring and releasing groundwater pressure inside the invert arch of a railway tunnel. Background Technology

[0002] Railway tunnels are generally equipped with invert arches (such as...) Figure 10 As shown in the image, the unevenness of the track bed caused by groundwater impacts the track surface, which in turn affects train safety.

[0003] Existing methods for detecting water pressure in railway tunnels are cumbersome. Water pressure monitoring typically requires drilling holes in the inner wall of tunnel components beforehand, then installing specialized water pressure testing equipment at the hole ends. This is expensive, difficult to wire, and results in limited coverage of monitoring points. Current pressure relief methods for railway tunnels mainly involve borehole venting. Borehole venting is a passive measure, taken only when tunnel water pressure is excessive. The process is costly, time-consuming, prone to clogging, and presents a series of subsequent problems.

[0004] In recent years, my country's transportation construction has developed rapidly, and the scale of railway tunnel projects in complex and dangerous mountainous areas is enormous. In order to reduce maintenance costs and meet the needs of high-speed railway operation safety and passenger comfort, a large number of ballastless track structures are used in the tunnels. However, the construction of the invert arch still continues the previous construction production mode, and there are often construction quality defects such as water accumulation at the bottom of the tunnel, loose ballast, and under-excavation (insufficient thickness of the invert arch and filling, water accumulation at the bottom of the tunnel). If the groundwater around the tunnel is developed and the water volume is abundant, water can easily accumulate in the weak parts of the tunnel bottom structure. Under the action of water pressure, it is easy to cause the track slab to arch and crack. In severe cases, the track slab may be damaged and may lead to the instability of the tunnel structure, which seriously affects the safety of train operation and brings many new challenges to the disaster management during the tunnel operation period.

[0005] A survey of cracks in a twin-block ballastless track tunnel revealed 109 through cracks in the track slab of the downline and 129 through cracks in the track slab of the upline. A total of 53 cracks were found to be simultaneously penetrating both the downline and upline. Specifically, within 200m of the tunnel exit, there was one through crack on both tracks at kilometer marker D2K76+185, with the invert joint and secondary lining joint extending from D2K76+176 to D2K76+188. There were 12 through cracks in the downline track slab and 0 through cracks in the upline track slab. Within the range of D2K74+561~D2K76+144 (the section from the end of the two seams to 200m inside the exit opening), there are 52 double-line through cracks. Among them, 16 through cracks are located within 1m of the invert construction joint, 14 through cracks are located within 1m to 2m, 10 through cracks are located within 2m to 3m, and 13 through cracks are located greater than 3m. 75% of them are located within 3m of the invert construction joint.

[0006] Numerous cracks were found in the side ditches and cable trenches on both sides of the tunnel. The cracking of the cable trench sidewalls was particularly severe. Cracks in the cable trenches inevitably appeared on both sides of the continuous joints in the track bed slab. The cracks extended from the outer cable trench to the inner cable trench, exhibiting a pattern of being wider at the top and narrower at the bottom, with a maximum width of 3 mm. It was also found that the groundwater was rich in minerals, resulting in a large amount of sediment at the bottom of the tunnel side ditches, which blocked the normal drainage of the side ditches.

[0007] Therefore, it is necessary to develop a groundwater pressure measurement and depressurization device for the invert arch of a railway tunnel. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a groundwater pressure measurement and depressurization device inside the invert of a railway tunnel. By installing this device inside the invert on the side of the central drainage ditch, water pressure monitoring and depressurization are integrated into one unit, and water pressure is depressurized at the same time as water pressure monitoring, thereby reducing the cost of tunnel maintenance.

[0009] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0010] A groundwater pressure measuring and depressurization device for the invert arch of a railway tunnel, the device is installed in the shape of a "7" inside the invert arch on the side of the central drainage ditch, and is divided into a front half parallel to the ground plane and a rear half perpendicular to the ground plane and connected to the bottom of the invert arch, including a depressurization system and a pressure measuring system;

[0011] The pressure relief system is located in the front section of the front half of the device, including an outlet on the side wall of the central drainage ditch, an outlet channel connected to the outlet, a flow guide chamber located outside the outlet channel to guide the flow of water, a spring expansion sleeve with a spring expansion joint installed inside the outlet channel and the flow guide chamber, a drainage baffle located at the end of the flow guide chamber where it connects to the outlet channel, a drainage baffle expansion joint connected to the drainage baffle, a water-blocking device end located at the right end of the flow guide chamber and connected to the spring expansion joint, and a groundwater diversion channel located in the rear half of the device to provide a flow channel for groundwater seepage; in the pressure relief... The side of the water baffle is provided with a drain hole connected to the water outlet channel; the spring expansion joint provides a counter-thrust force to the end of the water blocker, so that the end of the water blocker fits against the outer wall of the diversion chamber before the water pressure reaches the preset pressure value; when there is no water pressure in the device, the end of the water blocker does not move; when the water pressure reaches the preset value of the pressure relief system, the end of the water blocker contracts under the action of the spring expansion joint, and water enters the diversion chamber from the groundwater diversion channel; the drain baffle expansion joint can drive the drain baffle to move under the action of water pressure, control the water in the diversion chamber to flow into the water outlet channel, and discharge from the water outlet into the central drainage ditch;

[0012] The pressure measurement system includes two pressure measurement system terminals located at the right end of the diversion chamber, a pressure measurement component at the bottom of the diversion channel located at the bottom of the underground water diversion channel, two small water turbine generators located in the middle of the diversion chamber, and a terminal status query and management system.

[0013] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that: the pressure measurement system terminal consists of a detection unit and a signal transmission unit; the pressure measurement system terminal includes a micro switch, a circuit board, an IoT card, a power supply, and a pressure measurement system protection box; when the water pressure reaches the preset pressure value, the detection unit is recessed under the action of water pressure and contacts the contact point, thereby connecting the micro switch, the signal unit circuit is turned on, the signal transmission unit is started, and information is sent to the IoT cloud platform monitoring center; the signal receiving unit of the IoT cloud platform monitoring center receives the data sent by the signal transmission unit, issues an early warning through the terminal status query management system, automatically retrieves relevant data for the area, and notifies relevant personnel to go to the site for confirmation and handling.

[0014] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that: one small hydro-generator is set at the top and one at the bottom of the middle of the flow guide chamber. When the water flows into the flow guide chamber from the end of the water blocker, it drives the impeller of the small hydro-generator to rotate. The small hydro-generator has a circuit connected to the terminal of the pressure measuring system to provide power to the power storage power supply of the terminal of the pressure measuring system.

[0015] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that the specific structure of the pressure measuring component at the bottom of the flow channel is that the second micro switch is wrapped with a waterproof layer and connected to the pressure measuring system terminal through a pipeline. When the water pressure reaches the preset pressure, the pressure measuring system terminal circuit is turned on to monitor the water pressure and send a signal.

[0016] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that the circuits of the second micro switch and the micro switch of the pressure measuring system terminal are connected in parallel.

[0017] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that the device further includes a dissolving agent dispensing device capable of dissolving minerals in groundwater.

[0018] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that the solute delivery device includes a solute delivery port located at the outer end of the side wall of the central drainage ditch, a solute release device located at the bottom of the underground water diversion channel, and a pipe connecting the solute delivery port and the solute release device for the flow of solute.

[0019] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that: the pipeline includes a solute conduit, a solute inclined tube and a solute main tube connected in sequence;

[0020] The solute conduit is located at the upper end of the pressure relief system. It has a small channel diameter to allow solute flow and is connected to the solute inlet and the solute inclined tube.

[0021] The solute inclined tube is located in the middle section of the front half of the device, distributed at an angle of approximately 45°, and serves as a solute channel, connecting to the solute conduit and the solute main tube.

[0022] The solute-leading tube is connected to a solute releaser and a solute inclined tube at both ends, respectively, serving as the main channel for the solute and guiding it to the solute releaser. The solute-leading tube includes a horizontal section connected to the solute inclined tube and a vertical section connected to the solute releaser.

[0023] The solute release device is located at the end of the vertical section of the solute main pipe. The solute enters the solute release device through the solute main pipe, and the solute release device slowly releases the solute to dissolve the minerals in the groundwater.

[0024] The technological advancements achieved by this invention due to the adoption of the above technical solutions are as follows:

[0025] 1. The pressure measurement system set up in this invention can simultaneously monitor the changes in water pressure inside the tunnel invert arch in real time. By connecting the monitoring center of the Internet of Things cloud platform and the terminal status query and management system, it is beneficial to provide early warning of tunnel water pressure and prevent further tunnel seepage disasters.

[0026] 2. This invention integrates the pressure measurement system and the pressure relief system into one unit, combining water pressure monitoring and pressure relief into one, and simultaneously releasing water pressure while monitoring water pressure, effectively reducing tunnel maintenance costs.

[0027] 3. After the entire device of this invention is installed, it can be used continuously for a long time. If the device is damaged and needs to be replaced, the device can be easily removed by simply opening the precast concrete cover plate on the top of the device.

[0028] 4. The solubilizer dispensing device in this invention can dissolve minerals in groundwater, effectively preventing excessive sediment from forming at the bottom of the tunnel and blocking normal drainage.

[0029] 5. The device of this invention is small in size and easy to install. Several devices can be installed in a tunnel, with one installed at certain intervals to form a network. The water pressure changes of each device can be monitored in real time through the terminal status query and management system. The pressure relief system can automatically relieve pressure, effectively solving the problems of cumbersome water pressure detection methods in railway tunnels, high monitoring costs, difficult wiring, small coverage of monitoring points, high construction costs and long construction time of drilling pressure relief process, and easy blockage of pressure relief holes. Attached Figure Description

[0030] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram showing the relative position of the tunnel invert pressure relief and water pressure monitoring device provided by the present invention and the tunnel invert.

[0031] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the tunnel invert pressure relief and water pressure monitoring device provided by the present invention;

[0032] Figure 3 This is a detailed schematic diagram of the upper part of the tunnel invert arch pressure relief and water pressure monitoring device provided by the present invention;

[0033] Figure 4 This is a detailed schematic diagram of the lower half of the tunnel invert arch pressure relief and water pressure monitoring device provided by the present invention;

[0034] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the diversion chamber in the tunnel invert pressure relief and water pressure monitoring device provided by the present invention;

[0035] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the water flow direction in the diversion chamber of the tunnel invert pressure relief and water pressure monitoring device provided by the present invention;

[0036] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the small-sized hydro-generator structure in the tunnel invert pressure relief and water pressure monitoring device provided by the present invention;

[0037] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection of the circuit board, IoT card, power supply, and micro switch in the tunnel invert pressure relief and water pressure monitoring device provided by the present invention.

[0038] Figure 9 This is a circuit connection diagram of the signal transmission unit in the tunnel invert pressure relief and water pressure monitoring device provided by the present invention;

[0039] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of a railway tunnel cross-section in the background art of this invention;

[0040] The components include: 1. Tunnel invert pressure relief and water pressure monitoring device; 11. Solute delivery port; 12. Solute conduit; 13. Small hydro-generator; 14. Pressure measurement system terminal; 14-1. Micro switch; 14-2. Circuit board; 14-3. IoT card; 14-4. Power storage device; 15. Water outlet; 16. Spring expansion joint; 17. Spring expansion joint sleeve; 18. Water outlet channel; 19. Diversion chamber; 110. Drainage hole; 111. Drainage baffle; 112. Drainage baffle expansion joint; 113. Water blocker end; 114. Solute inclined tube; 115. Groundwater diversion channel; 116. Solute main pipe; 117. Solute release device; 118. Pressure measurement component at the bottom of the diversion channel; 2. Tunnel invert; 3. Concrete cover plate; 4. Central drainage ditch. Detailed Implementation

[0041] This application provides a groundwater pressure measurement and depressurization device inside the invert arch of a railway tunnel, which solves the problems of cumbersome railway tunnel water pressure detection methods, high monitoring costs, difficult wiring, small coverage of monitoring points, high construction costs and long construction time for drilling depressurization, and easy clogging of depressurization holes in the existing technology. By installing this device inside the invert arch on the side of the central drainage ditch, water pressure monitoring and depressurization are integrated into one unit, and water pressure is depressurized at the same time as water pressure monitoring, thereby reducing tunnel maintenance costs.

[0042] It should be noted that in the description of this invention, the technical terms "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "longitudinal," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the direction or positional relationship based on the direction or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the purpose of facilitating the description and understanding of the technical solution of this invention. The above description is not intended to limit this invention, and this invention is not limited to the examples described above. Any changes, modifications, additions, or substitutions made by those skilled in the art within the scope of this invention should be considered as protection within the scope of this invention.

[0043] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0044] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0045] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments:

[0046] like Figure 1 , 2 As shown in Figures 3 and 4, a groundwater pressure measurement and relief device for the invert arch of a railway tunnel is installed in the shape of a "7" inside the invert arch on the side of the central drainage ditch. It is divided into a front half parallel to the ground plane and a rear half perpendicular to the ground plane and connected to the bottom of the invert arch. The tunnel invert arch pressure relief and water pressure monitoring device 1 (hereinafter referred to as the device) consists of a pressure measurement system, a pressure relief system and a dissolved substance delivery device.

[0047] The pressure measurement system includes two pressure measurement system terminals 14, a pressure measurement component 118 at the bottom of the flow channel, a small hydro-generator 13, and a terminal status query and management system.

[0048] like Figure 8 , Figure 9 As shown, the pressure measurement system terminal 14 consists of a detection unit and a signal transmission unit. The pressure measurement system terminal 14 includes a micro switch 14-1, a circuit board 14-2, an IoT card 14-3, a power supply 14-4, and a pressure measurement system protection box. When the water pressure reaches a certain value, the detection unit indents under the water pressure, making contact with the contacts, thereby activating the micro switch 14-1. This activates the signal unit circuit, starts the signal transmission unit, and sends information to the monitoring center. The signal receiving unit of the IoT cloud platform monitoring center receives the data sent by the signal transmission unit, issues an early warning through the terminal status query management system, automatically retrieves relevant data for the area, and notifies relevant personnel to go to the site for confirmation and handling. Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit connection of the signal transmitting unit.

[0049] like Figure 2 , 3 As shown in Figures 5, 6, and 7, the small hydro-generator 13 is located in the middle of the flow guide chamber 19, with one installed at the top and one at the bottom of the entire device. When the water flows into the flow guide chamber 19 from the water blocker end 113, it drives the impeller of the small hydro-generator 13 to rotate. The small hydro-generator 13 has a circuit connected to the pressure measuring system terminal 14, mainly providing power to the power storage 14-4 of the pressure measuring system terminal 14.

[0050] like Figure 2 , 4 As shown, the pressure measuring component 118 at the bottom of the flow channel is located below the solute release device 117, near the bottom of the flow channel. Specifically, the second microswitch is encased in a waterproof layer and connects to the pressure measuring system terminal via the solute main pipe 116 and the solute inclined pipe 114. When the water pressure reaches a certain level, the pressure measuring system terminal circuit is activated to monitor the water pressure and send a signal. This second microswitch is connected to... Figure 6 , 7 The circuit of the micro switch 14-1 is a parallel structure.

[0051] like Figure 2 , 3 As shown, the pressure relief system includes a water outlet 15, a spring expansion joint 16, a spring expansion joint sleeve 17, a water outlet channel 18, a flow guide chamber 19, a water discharge hole 110, a water discharge baffle 111, a water discharge baffle expansion joint 112, a water blocker end 113, and a groundwater flow guide channel 115.

[0052] The outlet 15 is located on the side wall of the central drainage ditch 4 and serves as the outlet for groundwater discharge during depressurization.

[0053] The spring telescopic device 16 is connected to the water blocker end 113 and provides a counter-thrust force to the water blocker end 113, so that the water blocker end 113 fits against the front section of the device before the water pressure reaches a certain condition.

[0054] The spring expansion sleeve 17 is disposed on the outer surface of the spring expansion 16. Its main function is to ensure that the internal spring expansion 16 and the external structure can generate relative displacement when the end 113 of the water blocker is compressed and contracted.

[0055] The water outlet channel 18 is connected to the water outlet 15, and water flows out of the central drainage ditch 4 outside the device through the water outlet channel 18.

[0056] The main function of the flow guide chamber 19 is to guide the flow of water.

[0057] Specifically, such as Figure 5 , 6 As shown, the diversion chamber 19 has a cylindrical structure, inside which is a hollow cylindrical mounting frame. The mounting frame consists of three parts: a right end with a smaller diameter that contacts the water blocker end 113; a left end with a larger diameter on the outer side where a small water turbine generator 13 is mounted; and a shoulder connecting the right and left ends, the diameter of which is the same as the outer diameter of the left end. A gap exists between the left end of the mounting frame and the side wall of the diversion chamber 19 for water to flow through. A water flow channel is also provided inside the left end of the mounting frame. A spring expansion joint sleeve 17 is installed in the hollow part of the mounting frame, and a spring expansion joint 16 is installed inside the spring expansion joint sleeve 17, connected to the water blocker end 113. A water outlet channel 18 is located in the spring expansion joint sleeve 17. On the outer side of the left end, on the outer side of the spring expansion sleeve 17 and between the water outlet channel 18 and the shoulder of the mounting bracket, there is a drain baffle 111 (i.e. at the end of the flow guide chamber 19). When there is no displacement, the height of the drain baffle 111 is the same as the height of the water outlet channel 18.

[0058] The drain hole 110 is located on the side of the drain baffle 111. The drain hole 110 is connected to the water outlet channel 18, and water can flow into the water outlet channel 18 through the drain hole 110.

[0059] The drain baffle 111 is located at the end of the flow guide chamber 19. Under a certain water pressure, the drain baffle 111 is displaced, and water flows into the water outlet channel 18 through the drain hole 110 and out of the device.

[0060] The expansion joint 112 of the drain baffle is connected to the drain baffle 111. Under the action of water pressure, it drives the drain baffle 111 to move and controls the water to flow into the outlet channel 18.

[0061] The water blocker end 113 is connected to the spring expansion joint 16. When there is no water pressure in the device, the water blocker end 113 does not move. When the water pressure reaches a certain value (preset by the pressure relief system), the water blocker end 113 contracts under the action of the spring expansion joint 16, and water enters the diversion chamber 19 from the groundwater diversion channel 115.

[0062] The groundwater diversion channel 115 is the rear half of the device, mainly providing a diversion channel for underground seepage water.

[0063] The solute delivery device includes a solute delivery port 11, a solute conduit 12, a solute inclined tube 114, a solute main tube 116, and a solute release device 117.

[0064] The solute inlet 11 is located on the upper outer surface of the device and is sealed on the outside for adding a certain amount of mineral solute (liquid).

[0065] The solute conduit 12 is located at the top of the entire device. It has a small channel diameter and is used to allow solute to flow. It is connected to the solute inlet 11 and the solute inclined tube 114.

[0066] The solute inclined tube 114 is located in the middle of the device and is distributed at an angle of approximately 45°. It serves as a solute channel and is connected to the solute conduit 12 and the solute main tube 116.

[0067] The two ends of the solute main tube 116 are connected to the solute release device 117 and the solute inclined tube 114, respectively, serving as the main channel for the solute and guiding the solute to the solute release device 117.

[0068] The solute release device 117 is located at the end of the solute main pipe 116. The solute enters the solute release device 117 through the solute main pipe 116 and slowly releases the solute to dissolve the minerals in the groundwater.

[0069] Working principle:

[0070] The entire device (tunnel invert pressure relief and water pressure monitoring device 1) is installed inside the invert on the side of the central drainage ditch 4 (installation holes are reserved during the invert pouring or vertical holes are drilled on the upper surface of the invert for easy installation). The top is a reserved concrete cover plate 3. When there is no underground seepage, there is no water pressure inside the device, and the water blocker end 113 and the drainage baffle 111 are both in a closed state. When underground seepage occurs, the seepage water first enters the groundwater diversion channel 115. After the underground seepage water fills the groundwater diversion channel 115, the pressure measuring component 118 at the bottom of the diversion channel monitors the water pressure change at the bottom of the diversion channel in real time. When it exceeds the warning value, a signal is sent to the terminal status query management system. Further seepage causes the water pressure to increase. When the water pressure increases to a certain value, the water blocker end 113 expands and contracts under the action of water pressure, and water enters the diversion chamber 19, driving the small water turbine generator 13 in the diversion chamber 19 to rotate. The small water turbine generator 13 works to provide power to the storage power supply 14-4 of the pressure measuring system terminal 14. The pressure monitoring system terminal 14 monitors the water pressure in real time. When the water pressure reaches a certain value, the probe indents under the pressure and contacts the contact point, thereby activating the micro switch 14-1. This activates the signal unit circuit, starts the signal sending unit, and sends information to the monitoring center. The monitoring center signal receiving unit receives the data from the signal sending unit, issues an early warning through the terminal status query management system, automatically retrieves relevant data for the area, and notifies relevant personnel to go to the site for confirmation and handling. As the water pressure increases further, it causes the drain baffle 111 to contract, and water enters the outlet channel 18 through the drain hole 110, and further flows into the tunnel center drainage ditch 4 through the outlet 15. Operators periodically add dissolved substances into the device through the dissolved substance inlet 11. The dissolved substances sequentially enter the dissolved substance release device 117 through the dissolved substance conduit 12, the dissolved substance inclined tube 114, and the dissolved substance main tube 116. The dissolved substance release device 117 slowly releases the dissolved substances, dissolving the minerals in the groundwater.

[0071] This device (tunnel invert pressure relief and water pressure monitoring device 1) can be installed in several units within a tunnel, with one installed at regular intervals to form a network. The terminal status query management system can monitor the water pressure changes of each device in real time. When the water pressure reaches the preset pressure value, the system will prompt that when the pressure value is particularly high, staff should be arranged to check the site situation and handle it. When the device pressure reaches the set pressure value, it can automatically release water. When four or five concentrated water pressure increases occur, it can be roughly determined that there is a problem with the concrete section. At this time, staff can be arranged to carry out inspection and treatment to prevent damage to the track bed and prevent possible instability of the tunnel structure, which may affect the safety of train operation.

[0072] In summary, this invention integrates water pressure monitoring and pressure relief by setting up a pressure measurement system, a pressure relief system, and a dissolved substance delivery device. It can simultaneously monitor water pressure and relieve water pressure, thereby reducing tunnel maintenance costs. It also facilitates early warning of tunnel water pressure, preventing further tunnel seepage disasters. Furthermore, it can dissolve minerals in groundwater, effectively preventing excessive sediment buildup at the bottom of the tunnel and thus avoiding blockage of normal drainage.

Claims

1. A device for measuring and releasing groundwater pressure inside the invert arch of a railway tunnel, characterized in that: The device is installed in the shape of a "7" inside the inverted arch on the side of the central drainage ditch (4). It is divided into a front half that is parallel to the ground plane and a rear half that is perpendicular to the ground plane and connected to the bottom of the inverted arch. It includes a pressure relief system and a pressure measuring system. The pressure relief system includes a water outlet (15), a water outlet channel (18), a flow guide chamber (19), a spring expansion sleeve (17), a spring expansion joint (16), a water discharge baffle (111), a water discharge baffle expansion joint (112), a water blocker end (113), and a groundwater flow guide channel (115); wherein, the water outlet (15) is located on the side wall of the central drainage ditch (4), the water outlet channel (18) is connected to the water outlet (15), the flow guide chamber (19) is located outside the water outlet channel (18) to guide the flow of water, and the spring expansion sleeve (17) The spring expansion joint (16) is installed inside the spring expansion joint sleeve (17) and is positioned between the water outlet channel (18) and the diversion chamber (19). The water discharge baffle (111) is located at the end of the diversion chamber (19) and connected to the water outlet channel (18). The water discharge baffle expansion joint (112) is connected to the water discharge baffle (111). The water blocker end (113) is located at the right end of the diversion chamber (19) and connected to the spring expansion joint (16). The groundwater diversion channel (115) runs through the rear half of the device, providing a channel for groundwater seepage to flow into the diversion chamber (19). A drain hole (110) connected to the outlet channel (18) is provided on the side of the drain baffle (111); the spring telescopic device (16) provides a counter-thrust force to the end of the water blocker (113), so that the end of the water blocker (113) is in contact with the outer wall of the diversion chamber (19) before the water pressure reaches the preset pressure value; when there is no water pressure in the device, the end of the water blocker (113) does not move; when the water pressure reaches the preset value of the pressure relief system, the end of the water blocker (113) contracts under the action of the spring telescopic device (16), and water enters the diversion chamber (19) from the groundwater diversion channel (115); the drain baffle telescopic device (112) can drive the drain baffle (111) to move under the action of water pressure, control the water in the diversion chamber (19) to flow into the outlet channel (18), and discharge from the outlet (15) into the central drainage ditch (4); The pressure measurement system includes two pressure measurement system terminals (14) set at the right end of the diversion chamber (19), a pressure measurement component (118) at the bottom of the diversion channel (115) set at the bottom of the underground water diversion channel (115), two small water turbine generators (13) set in the middle of the diversion chamber (19), and a terminal status query and management system. The device also includes a dissolving agent dispensing device capable of dissolving minerals in groundwater; The solute delivery device includes a solute delivery port (11) located at the outer end of the side wall of the central drainage ditch (4), a solute release device (117) located at the bottom of the underground water diversion channel (115), and a pipe connecting the solute delivery port (11) and the solute release device (117) for the flow of solute. The pipeline includes a solute conduit (12), a solute inclined tube (114), and a solute main tube (116) connected in sequence. The solute conduit (12) is located at the upper end of the pressure relief system. It has a small channel diameter to allow solute to flow and is connected to the solute inlet (11) and the solute inclined tube (114). The solute inclined tube (114) is located in the middle section of the front half of the device, distributed at an angle of approximately 45°, serving as a solute channel and connected to the solute conduit (12) and the solute main tube (116); The solute-leading tube (116) is connected at both ends to the solute release device (117) and the solute inclined tube (114), respectively, serving as the main channel for the solute and guiding the solute to the solute release device (117). The solute-leading tube (116) includes a horizontal section connected to the solute inclined tube (114) and a vertical section connected to the solute release device (117). The solute release device (117) is located at the end of the vertical section of the solute main pipe (116). The solute enters the solute release device (117) through the solute main pipe (116) and slowly releases the solute to dissolve the minerals in the groundwater.

2. The groundwater pressure measurement and depressurization device inside the invert arch of a railway tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pressure measurement system terminal (14) consists of a detection unit and a signal transmission unit. The pressure measurement system terminal (14) includes a micro switch (14-1), a circuit board (14-2), an IoT card (14-3), a power supply (14-4), and a pressure measurement system protection box. When the water pressure reaches the preset pressure value, the detection unit is recessed under the action of water pressure and contacts the contact point, thereby turning on the micro switch (14-1), the signal unit circuit is turned on, the signal transmission unit is started, and information is sent to the IoT cloud platform monitoring center. The signal receiving unit of the IoT cloud platform monitoring center receives the data sent by the signal transmission unit, issues an early warning through the terminal status query management system, and automatically retrieves relevant data for the area, notifying relevant personnel to go to the site for confirmation and handling.

3. The groundwater pressure measurement and depressurization device inside the invert arch of a railway tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: One small hydro-generator (13) is installed at the top and bottom of the middle of the flow guide chamber (19). When the water flows into the flow guide chamber (19) from the end of the water blocker (113), it drives the impeller of the small hydro-generator (13) to rotate. The small hydro-generator (13) is connected to the pressure measuring system terminal (14) by a circuit to provide power to the power storage (14-4) of the pressure measuring system terminal (14).

4. The groundwater pressure measuring and depressurization device inside the invert arch of a railway tunnel according to claim 2, characterized in that: The specific structure of the pressure measuring component (118) at the bottom of the flow channel is that the second micro switch is wrapped with a waterproof layer and connected to the pressure measuring system terminal (14) through a pipeline. When the water pressure reaches the preset pressure, the circuit of the pressure measuring system terminal (14) is turned on to monitor the water pressure and send a signal.

5. A groundwater pressure measuring and depressurization device for the invert arch of a railway tunnel according to claim 4, characterized in that: The second micro switch and the micro switch (14-1) of the pressure measuring system terminal (14) are connected in parallel.

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