Double-mirror focusing type light internal powder feeding laser cladding head device

Abstract

A dual-mirror focusing laser cladding head device with internal powder delivery includes a first reflecting beam splitter, a second reflecting beam splitter, a focusing lens, a vertical powder delivery device, and a collimating lens group. The first reflecting beam splitter is located on one side of the collimating lens group, and the second reflecting beam splitter is located outside the first reflecting beam splitter. A focusing lens is located on the side of the second reflecting beam splitter away from the collimating lens group. The vertical powder delivery device is located on the side of the first reflecting beam splitter away from the collimating lens group. In operation, a laser beam is collimated by the collimating lens group. The collimated beam undergoes secondary reflection by the first and second reflecting beam splitters, shifting outwards along its central axis to form a ring laser beam. This ring laser beam is then focused and irradiated by the focusing lens to form a spot. The ring laser beam, formed by reflection by the first and second reflecting beam splitters and then focused and irradiated by the focusing lens to form a spot, exhibits high intensity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of laser cladding technology, and in particular to a dual-mirror focusing laser cladding head device with internal powder delivery. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, most laser cladding technologies using internal powder delivery rely on parabolic reflective focusing to form a laser spot. However, in practical production and applications, this often results in unstable spot energy and poor adaptability. Existing technologies utilize parabolic reflective focusing, but this is extremely sensitive to optical axis misalignment, easily leading to coma. Even slight misalignment can cause astigmatism, significantly reducing the intensity of the focal spot. Therefore, in practical applications, the results of laser processing using parabolic reflective focusing are not ideal.

[0003] Chinese patent document CN113005445B discloses a device and method for laser cladding with different hollow or solid spots using optical path defocusing. It proposes a variable optical path defocusing technology, which involves changing the focal length of the collimating mirror or the relative positions of the annular conical mirror and the conical mirror by moving the collimating, expanding, and focusing optical paths. This causes the hollow conical beam formed after reflection by the conical and annular mirrors to intersect before focusing, with the focal point deviating from the optical axis and forming a focal circle. Different solid spots or annular spots with small duty cycles are obtained on different cross-sections of the intersecting beams, avoiding the problem of insufficient central light energy due to excessively large duty cycles in the original un-defocused focusing optical path, thus achieving cladding with a wider cladding channel. However, this structure focuses by reflection from the conical and annular mirrors, resulting in relatively poor focusing intensity, requiring a more powerful laser to complete the laser cladding process. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to address the problems existing in the background art and provide a dual-mirror focusing optical powder delivery laser cladding head device, which forms a ring laser beam by reflecting the beam through a first and second reflecting beam splitter, and then focuses the ring laser beam to form a light spot by a focusing lens, resulting in a high intensity of the focused light spot.

[0005] To achieve the aforementioned technical features, the present invention aims to provide a dual-mirror focusing optical powder-feeding laser cladding head device, comprising a first reflecting beam splitter, a second reflecting beam splitter, a focusing lens, a vertical tube powder feeding device, and a collimating lens group. The first reflecting beam splitter is disposed on one side of the collimating lens group, and the second reflecting beam splitter is disposed outside the first reflecting beam splitter. A focusing lens is disposed on the side of the second reflecting beam splitter away from the collimating lens group. The vertical tube powder feeding device is disposed on the side of the first reflecting beam splitter away from the collimating lens group. In operation, the laser beam passes through the collimating lens group to form a collimated beam. The collimated beam undergoes secondary reflection by the first and second reflecting beam splitters, shifting outwards along its central axis to form a ring laser beam. The ring laser beam is then focused and irradiated by the focusing lens to form a light spot.

[0006] It also includes a laser output device, which is located on the side of the collimating lens group away from the first reflecting beam splitter. The laser output device is used to connect to the transmission optical fiber to output a laser beam.

[0007] It also includes a protective mirror, which is positioned on the side of the focusing lens away from the second reflecting beam splitter.

[0008] The protective mirror has a ring-shaped structure.

[0009] The first and second reflecting beam splitters deflect the collimated beam outward along the central axis either parallel to the axis or at an angle.

[0010] The diameter of the focusing lens is larger than the cross-sectional circle diameter of the second reflecting beam splitter.

[0011] The focusing lens has a ring structure.

[0012] The first and / or second reflective beam splitters can move relative to each other along the central axis, thereby adjusting the diameter of the light spot.

[0013] A plane mirror is provided between the second reflecting beam splitter and the focusing lens, so that the ring laser beam is reflected by the plane mirror, changing the deflection angle by 0 to 90 degrees, and then focused by the focusing lens.

[0014] A beam-spot adjustment device is installed at the bottom of the first reflecting beam splitter, which can be adjusted and moved along the central axis through the beam-spot adjustment device. The beam-spot adjustment device includes a base, a lifting seat, and wedges. The upper side of the base has a concave V-shaped surface, and the lower side of the lifting seat has a convex V-shaped surface. The lifting seat is installed on the upper side of the base. At least two sliding grooves are provided on opposite sides of the base, and a threaded hole is provided between the two sliding grooves. The upper side of the sliding groove is open, and a wedge is installed in the sliding groove. The upper inclined surface of the wedge corresponds to the lower side of the lifting seat. A connecting plate is provided between the two wedges on each side. The threaded end of the bolt passes through the connecting plate and is threadedly connected to the threaded hole. Multiple pairs of blind holes are symmetrically provided on the side of the base opposite to the lifting seat. A spring is installed in the blind hole. The upper end of the spring is fixedly connected to the lifting seat, and the lower end is fixedly connected to the base. The first reflecting beam splitter is installed on the upper side of the lifting seat.

[0015] 1. The laser beam is collimated by a collimating lens group. The collimated beam is reflected twice by the first and second reflecting beam splitters, shifting outwards from the central axis to form a ring laser beam. This ring laser beam is then focused by a focusing lens to form a light spot. The ring laser beam is formed by reflection from the first and second reflecting beam splitters, and then focused by the focusing lens to form a light spot with high intensity.

[0016] 2. In-optical powder feeding is achieved by coupling the powder to the center of a hollow ring laser beam. Compared to parabolic surface reflection focusing, this method significantly reduces aberrations in the laser optical system and lowers sensitivity to optical axis misalignment. Furthermore, it is easier to manufacture and relatively cheaper. The working focal length can be adjusted by changing the focusing lens without affecting the size of the internal powder feeding space.

[0017] 3. The first reflecting beam splitter and / or the second reflecting beam splitter can move relative to each other along the central axis, thereby adjusting the diameter of the light spot.

[0018] 4. A plane mirror is set between the second reflecting beam splitter and the focusing lens, so that the ring laser beam is reflected by the plane mirror and changed by a 0-90 degree deflection angle before being focused by the focusing lens, which is convenient for application in narrow spaces. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the light spot adjustment device of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 3 This is a side view of the light spot adjustment device of the present invention without the wedge and bolt installed.

[0022] In the diagram: 1. First reflecting beam splitter; 2. Second reflecting beam splitter; 3. Focusing lens; 4. Protective lens; 5. Vertical powder feeding device; 6. Collimating lens group; 7. Laser output device; 8. Spot adjustment device; 81. Base; 811. Slide groove; 812. Threaded hole; 82. Lifting seat; 83. Wedge; 84. Bolt; 85. Spring; 9. Central axis; 10. Spot; 11. Laser beam. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The embodiments of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0024] See Figure 1-3 A dual-mirror focusing laser cladding head device with internal powder delivery includes a first reflecting beam splitter 1, a second reflecting beam splitter 2, a focusing lens 3, a vertical powder delivery device 5, and a collimating lens group 6. The first reflecting beam splitter 1 is located on one side of the collimating lens group 6, and the second reflecting beam splitter 2 is located outside the first reflecting beam splitter 1. The focusing lens 3 is located on the side of the second reflecting beam splitter 2 away from the collimating lens group 6. The vertical powder delivery device 5 is located on the side of the first reflecting beam splitter 1 away from the collimating lens group 6. In operation, a laser beam 11 is collimated by the collimating lens group 6. The collimated beam undergoes secondary reflection by the first reflecting beam splitter 1 and the second reflecting beam splitter 2, shifting outwards along the central axis 9 to form a ring laser beam. The ring laser beam is then focused and irradiated by the focusing lens 3 to form a light spot 10. The ring laser beam formed by reflection by the first reflecting beam splitter 1 and the second reflecting beam splitter 2, and then focused and irradiated by the focusing lens 3 to form the light spot 10, results in a high-intensity focused light spot.

[0025] Specifically, the first reflecting beam splitter 1 can adopt a conical structure or a polygonal cone structure.

[0026] Specifically, the second reflecting beam splitter 2 can adopt a circular ring structure or a polygonal structure that cooperates with the polygonal cone structure of the first reflecting beam splitter 1.

[0027] It also includes a laser output device 7, which is located on the side of the collimating lens group 6 away from the first reflecting beam splitter 1. The laser output device 7 is used to connect with the transmission optical fiber to output a laser beam 11.

[0028] It also includes a protective mirror 4, which is positioned on the side of the focusing lens 3 away from the second reflecting beam splitter 2. The protective mirror 4 is used to protect the first reflecting beam splitter 1, the second reflecting beam splitter 2, the focusing lens 3, and the collimating lens group 6.

[0029] In the preferred embodiment, the protective mirror 4 has a ring-shaped structure. Of course, the protective mirror 4 can also be spherical.

[0030] In actual use, the first reflecting beam splitter 1 and the second reflecting beam splitter 2 deflect the collimated beam outward in parallel or at an angle along the central axis 9. When the sides of the first reflecting beam splitter 1 and the second reflecting beam splitter 2 are in a similar parallel state, the collimated beam is deflected outward in parallel along the central axis 9; when the sides of the first reflecting beam splitter 1 and the second reflecting beam splitter 2 are at an angle, the collimated beam is deflected at an angle along the central axis 9.

[0031] Specifically, the diameter of the focusing lens 3 is larger than the diameter of the cross-sectional circle of the second reflecting beam splitter 2.

[0032] In the preferred embodiment, the focusing lens 3 has a ring structure, which facilitates the installation of the vertical pipe powder feeding device 5.

[0033] To facilitate adjustment of the beam diameter 10 as needed, the first reflecting beam splitter 1 and / or the second reflecting beam splitter 2 can be moved relative to each other along the central axis 9, thereby adjusting the size of the beam diameter 10. According to the beam diameter calculation formulas for different beam types, there is an approximately linear relationship between the collimated beam diameter and the beam diameter. Therefore, the beam diameter can be adjusted by changing the vertical position of the first reflecting beam splitter 1 and the second reflecting beam splitter 2.

[0034] To adapt to the on-site working environment and facilitate application in narrow spaces, a plane mirror (not shown in the figure) is provided between the second reflecting beam splitter 2 and the focusing lens 3, so that the ring laser beam is reflected by the plane mirror, changing the deflection angle by 0 to 90 degrees, and then focused by the focusing lens 3.

[0035] In a preferred embodiment, a beam-splitting device 8 is installed at the bottom of the first reflecting beam splitter 1, allowing the first reflecting beam splitter 1 to be adjusted and moved along the central axis 9 via the beam-splitting device 8. The beam-splitting device 8 includes a base 81, a lifting seat 82, and a wedge 83. The upper side of the base 81 has a concave V-shaped surface, and the lower side of the lifting seat 82 has a convex V-shaped surface. The lifting seat 82 is installed on the upper side of the base 81. At least two sliding grooves 811 are respectively provided on opposite sides of the base 81, and a threaded hole 812 is provided between the two sliding grooves 811. The upper side of the groove 811 is open, and wedges 83 are installed in the groove 811. The upper inclined surface of the wedge 83 corresponds to the lower surface of the lifting seat 82. A connecting plate is provided between the two wedges 83 on each side. The threaded end of the bolt 84 passes through the connecting plate and is threadedly connected to the threaded hole 812. The base 81 and the side opposite to the lifting seat 82 are respectively provided with multiple pairs of blind holes. Springs 85 are installed in the blind holes. The upper end of the spring 85 is fixedly connected to the lifting seat 82, and the lower end is fixedly connected to the base 81. The first reflecting beam splitter 1 is installed on the upper surface of the lifting seat 82. By symmetrically rotating the adjusting bolt 84, the wedges 83 are pushed up, and the wedges 83 push the lifting seat 82 up, thereby driving the first reflecting beam splitter 1 to move upward. When the adjusting bolt 84 is rotated in the opposite direction, the wedges 83 are not bolt-limited. Under the action of the spring 85, the wedges 83 are pressed downward, and the wedges 83 move outward. The lifting seat 82 descends, thereby driving the first reflecting beam splitter 1 to move downward.

[0036] Of course, the first reflecting beam splitter 1 or the second reflecting beam splitter 2 can also be driven by a servo slide architecture.

Claims

1. A dual-mirror focusing optical internal powder delivery laser cladding head device, characterized in that: The system includes a first reflecting beam splitter (1), a second reflecting beam splitter (2), a focusing lens (3), a vertical tube powder feeding device (5), and a collimating lens group (6). The first reflecting beam splitter (1) is provided on one side of the collimating lens group (6), and the second reflecting beam splitter (2) is provided outside the first reflecting beam splitter (1). The focusing lens (3) is provided on the side of the second reflecting beam splitter (2) away from the collimating lens group (6). The vertical tube powder feeding device (5) is provided on the side of the first reflecting beam splitter (1) away from the collimating lens group (6). In use, the laser beam (11) forms a collimated beam through the collimating lens group (6). The collimated beam is reflected twice by the first reflecting beam splitter (1) and the second reflecting beam splitter (2), and is offset outward from the central axis (9) to form a ring laser beam. The ring laser beam is then irradiated and focused by the focusing lens (3) to form a light spot (10). The first reflecting beam splitter (1) can be moved relative to the central axis (9) to adjust the diameter of the light spot (10): A beam-spot adjustment device (8) is installed at the bottom of the first reflecting beam splitter (1). The first reflecting beam splitter (1) can be adjusted and moved along the central axis (9) by the beam-spot adjustment device (8). The beam-spot adjustment device (8) includes a base (81), a lifting seat (82), and a wedge (83). The upper side of the base (81) is provided with a concave V-shaped surface, and the lower side of the lifting seat (82) is provided with a convex V-shaped surface. The lifting seat (82) is installed on the upper side of the base (81). At least two sliding grooves (811) are provided on opposite sides of the base (81). A threaded hole (812) is provided between the two sliding grooves (811). The upper side of the base (811) is open, and wedges (83) are installed in the slide (811). The upper inclined surface of the wedge (83) corresponds to the lower side of the lifting seat (82). A connecting plate is provided between the two wedges (83) on each side. The threaded end of the bolt (84) passes through the connecting plate and is threadedly connected to the threaded hole (812). The base (81) and the lifting seat (82) are respectively provided with multiple pairs of blind holes on the opposite side. A spring (85) is installed in the blind hole. The upper end of the spring (85) is fixedly connected to the lifting seat (82), and the lower end is fixedly connected to the base (81). The first reflective beam splitter (1) is installed on the upper side of the lifting seat (82).

2. The dual-mirror focusing optical internal powder delivery laser cladding head device according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a laser output device (7), which is located on the side of the collimating lens group (6) away from the first reflecting beam splitter (1). The laser output device (7) is used to connect with the transmission optical fiber to output a laser beam (11).

3. The dual-mirror focusing optical internal powder delivery laser cladding head device according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a protective mirror (4), which is disposed on the side of the focusing lens (3) away from the second reflecting beam splitter (2).

4. The dual-mirror focusing optical internal powder delivery laser cladding head device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The protective mirror (4) has a ring structure.

5. The dual-mirror focusing optical internal powder delivery laser cladding head device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first reflecting beam splitter (1) and the second reflecting beam splitter (2) deflect the collimated beam outward in parallel or at an angle along the central axis (9).

6. The dual-mirror focusing optical internal powder delivery laser cladding head device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diameter of the focusing lens (3) is greater than the cross-sectional circle diameter of the second reflecting beam splitter (2).

7. The dual-mirror focusing optical internal powder delivery laser cladding head device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The focusing lens (3) has a ring structure.

8. The dual-mirror focusing optical internal powder delivery laser cladding head device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plane mirror is provided between the second reflecting beam splitter (2) and the focusing lens (3) so that the ring laser beam is reflected by the plane mirror and changed by a deflection angle of 0 to 90 degrees before being focused by the focusing lens (3).

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