A simple triboelectric preparation method for imparting superhydrophobic properties to substrate surfaces

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of superhydrophobic / superhydrophilic materials technology, specifically a simple friction preparation method for imparting superhydrophobic properties to a substrate surface. The method involves taking a multi-acrylate compound and completely dissolving it in anhydrous ethanol; adding nanoscale inorganic materials and higher alkyl alcohols; adding ethylenediamine-terminated polyethyleneimine to form a hyperbranched gel polymer; adding a long-chain alkylamine to a tetrahydrofuran system; placing the hyperbranched gel polymer in the mixed solution and performing a room-temperature immersion low-surface-energy modification treatment to obtain a moisture-resistant gel polymer composite material; taking a substrate with a rough surface structure capable of adhering to particles; spraying a thermosetting adhesive onto the surface of the moisture-resistant gel polymer composite material; and placing the material on the substrate surface and performing reciprocating friction to impart superhydrophobic properties to the substrate surface.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of superhydrophobic / superhydrophilic materials technology, specifically a simple friction preparation method for imparting superhydrophobic properties to the surface of a substrate. Background Technology

[0002] A water droplet's wetting state at a material interface with a contact angle greater than (or equal to) 150° and a roll-off angle less than (or equal to) 10° is called superhydrophobic. In recent years, superhydrophobic surfaces have attracted much attention due to their enormous application potential in water mist collection, oil-water separation, corrosion resistance, anti-fouling self-cleaning, and droplet directional transport.

[0003] In the vast natural world, numerous biological surfaces with astonishing functions have been discovered during evolution, and their mechanisms of action have been studied. Examples include the self-cleaning surface of lotus leaves, rose petals with high water adhesion, fly legs that allow water flies to float, insect wings, mosquito eyes, and gecko feet, revealing the widespread existence of superhydrophobicity. Increasingly, researchers are drawing inspiration from natural flora and fauna to design and fabricate biomimetic superhydrophobic surfaces using methods such as electrochemical deposition, chemical modification, laser etching, and layer-by-layer self-assembly. Efficient and simple manufacturing methods and durable superhydrophobicity remain key research focuses and represent a significant trend in this field.

[0004] However, existing methods for preparing superhydrophobic materials often employ fluorine-containing substances to achieve excellent superhydrophobic effects, posing potential harm to the ecological environment. Furthermore, these methods often suffer from drawbacks such as cumbersome preparation processes, excessive reliance on specialized equipment, high requirements for coating fabrication, and irreparable hydrophobicity due to structural damage, thus limiting the practical application of superhydrophobic surface materials. Therefore, under the requirements of green and sustainable development, it is of great significance to develop superwetting products and surfaces with simple and easy-to-implement processes, clean and pollution-free reaction processes, and mild conditions.

[0005] With population explosion and the continued development of industry and high-tech industries, the demand for clean water from factories and residents is increasing, making the water shortage problem increasingly severe. According to the "2022 UN World Water Development Report" released by UNESCO, two-fifths of the world's population currently lack access to drinking water, and 2.1 billion people are forced to drink polluted water. Water scarcity will seriously threaten the future safety of human life, and obtaining freshwater has become an increasingly serious global problem and a global challenge that needs to be overcome.

[0006] Currently, technologies for obtaining water resources from nature mainly include seawater desalination, groundwater and rainwater storage, but most are costly and geographically limited. For example, most seawater uses reverse osmosis and distillation technologies, but these are difficult to widely implement due to issues such as technological applicability. Unreasonable over-exploitation of groundwater induces problems such as land subsidence, ground collapse, and ground fissures. Rainwater storage typically uses specialized materials to design pipelines and equip them with water collection devices, but it still suffers from low recycling rates and susceptibility to water pollution. The fact that these methods are unsuitable for arid regions such as deserts, plateaus, and mountains forces humans to seek other low-energy, simple, and convenient technologies to directly and effectively obtain freshwater. Therefore, water mist collection has begun to attract increasing attention from scholars. Water mist contains a large amount of clean water resources, making it a readily available and abundant resource. Furthermore, mist collection does not significantly impact the local water cycle; therefore, water mist collection technology is considered a sustainable solution.

[0007] However, while traditional mist collectors and condensation devices can be applied to arid regions such as deserts and high mountains, their water collection efficiency is easily affected by the surrounding environment and they are prone to evaporation. Furthermore, condensation devices utilize a refrigeration cycle system, allowing humid air to flow through an evaporator to reach below the dew point temperature to obtain condensed water; this involves multiple conversion steps, high energy consumption, and low water collection efficiency. Therefore, using superwetting functional materials for water mist collection, with the rational distribution of superhydrophobic and superhydrophilic regions on the substrate surface, allows water droplets to condense in the misty atmosphere, and other components can then be used to store the moisture, demonstrating good feasibility. Summary of the Invention

[0008] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a simple friction preparation method for imparting superhydrophobic properties to the surface of a substrate, which solves the problems of complex preparation process, high cost and need for specialized equipment of existing superhydrophobic materials and superhydrophobic surfaces.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a simple friction preparation method for imparting superhydrophobic properties to the surface of a substrate, comprising the following steps:

[0010] S100. Take a polyacrylate compound and dissolve it completely in anhydrous ethanol.

[0011] S200, with the addition of nano-scale inorganic materials and higher alkyl alcohols, and the higher alkyl alcohols are fully dissolved;

[0012] S300, add ethylenediamine-terminated polyethyleneimine, dissolve it completely, and wait for the reaction to complete to form a hyperbranched gel polymer;

[0013] S400: Add long-chain alkylamines to the tetrahydrofuran system and allow them to dissolve completely to obtain a mixed solution;

[0014] S500: The hyperbranched gel polymer is placed in the mixed solution of step 400 and subjected to room temperature immersion and low surface energy modification treatment to obtain a moisture-resistant gel polymer composite material.

[0015] S600, Take a substrate with a rough surface structure that can adhere to particles;

[0016] S700. Apply a thermosetting adhesive to the surface of the moisture-resistant gel polymer composite material.

[0017] S800: The material obtained in step S700 is placed on the surface of the substrate with a rough structure described in step S600 and rubbed uniformly and repeatedly to impart superhydrophobic properties to the substrate surface.

[0018] Preferably, in step S600, when the substrate with a rough surface structure capable of adhering to particles is a polyester-cotton knitted fabric...

[0019] Step S600 includes:

[0020] S610. Take a polyester-cotton knitted fabric and immerse it completely in an alkaline solution and boil it at high temperature for alkaline treatment.

[0021] S620. After removing the polyester-cotton knitted fabric, wash and dry it.

[0022] Step S800 includes:

[0023] The material obtained in step S700 is placed on the polyester surface of the dried polyester-cotton knitted fabric in step S600 and rubbed evenly and repeatedly. After drying and curing, a knitted fabric-based water mist collection device based on the unidirectional moisture-wicking effect is obtained.

[0024] Preferably, in step S610, the alkaline solution is selected as a 4% sodium hydroxide solution, and the water bath temperature is heated to 95°C for 1 hour.

[0025] Preferably, in step S800, the curing temperature is controlled at 80°C and the reaction time is 2 hours.

[0026] Preferably, the polyacrylate compound mentioned in step S100 is dipentaerythritol pentyl / hexyl acrylic acid, and its mass ratio with anhydrous ethanol is 44-56:263.

[0027] Preferably, the higher alkyl alcohol in step S200 includes one or more of tetradecyl alcohol, hexadecyl alcohol, and octadecyl alcohol;

[0028] Nanoscale inorganic materials include hydroxyapatite;

[0029] Furthermore, when the polyacrylate compound is dipentaerythritol pent- / hex-acrylic acid, the mass ratio of the higher alkyl alcohol to dipentaerythritol pent- / hex-acrylic acid is 1:1, and the mass ratio of the nanoscale inorganic material to dipentaerythritol pent- / hex-acrylic acid is 25:13 to 17.

[0030] Preferably, the mass ratio of ethylenediamine-terminated polyethyleneimine to dipentaerythritol pentyl / hexyl-acrylic acid in S300 is 7:26-34, the reaction temperature is controlled at room temperature, and the reaction time is 12h.

[0031] Preferably, when the long-chain alkylamine in step S400 is octadecylamine, the mass ratio of the long-chain alkylamine to tetrahydrofuran is 10:89.

[0032] Preferably, in step S500, the reaction temperature is controlled at room temperature and the reaction time is 48 hours.

[0033] The present invention also provides a knitted fabric-based water mist collection device based on the unidirectional moisture-wicking effect, which is prepared by the method described in any of the above-mentioned methods, and the application of the knitted fabric-based water mist collection device based on the unidirectional moisture-wicking effect in the fields of unidirectional moisture wicking and water mist collection.

[0034] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0035] This invention first involves a Michael addition reaction between a multi-acrylate compound and a branched amino compound in anhydrous ethanol liquid phase doped with higher alkyl alcohols and nanoscale inorganic biomaterials. A composite gel solid is formed through a non-catalyst-driven, self-gelling process at room temperature. This is followed by room-temperature immersion modification with long-chain alkylamines, thus constructing a durable, highly superhydrophobic composite gel polymer material in a mild manner. Furthermore, using a substrate with a rough surface structure, uniformly spraying a thermosetting adhesive onto the surface of the composite gel polymer material and applying simple reciprocating friction imparts superhydrophobic properties to the substrate surface.

[0036] For example, when using polyester-cotton knitted fabrics as the substrate with a rough surface, the fabric needs to be alkali-treated to improve its hydrophilicity. Simple reciprocating friction is then applied to the polyester surface of the alkali-treated fabric to impart superhydrophobic properties, thus creating a functional fabric with asymmetrical wetting, meaning a significant difference in wetting properties between the two sides of the substrate, thereby enabling directional transport of water droplets. Essentially, the special structure of the polyester-cotton knitted fabric achieves unidirectional moisture conduction for water mist collection applications in specific environments. Furthermore, water droplets cannot be transported in reverse on unidirectional moisture-wicking fabrics, thus significantly reducing the evaporation rate after water collection and further improving the efficiency of water mist collection from the atmosphere.

[0037] This invention features a green and mild reaction process. It utilizes a catalyst-free, self-gelling process at room temperature, followed by room-temperature immersion modification with long-chain alkylamines, to construct a fluorine-free gel polymer composite material with significant durability and superhydrophobicity in a mild manner. The experimental raw materials are readily available, and the reaction process is easily controlled. This invention demonstrates significant innovation and forward-looking approach in terms of a mild product molding method and a fluorine-free process.

[0038] This invention simplifies the construction of water mist collection devices and reduces costs. By using a simple frictional construction of the moisture-resistant gel polymer composite material on a widely available flexible textile substrate, asymmetric wetting properties are imparted to the knitted fabric to obtain a water mist collection device; furthermore, the unidirectional moisture-wicking characteristic reduces the evaporation rate after water collection. The low cost, ease of implementation, and simple preparation of the water mist collection material of this invention align with the manufacturing industry's transformation trend towards green, sustainable, and clean production.

[0039] The water contact angle of the knitted fabric-based water mist collection device prepared by this invention can reach 152°. It not only has good water repellency and anti-fouling self-cleaning properties, but also can achieve selective separation of oil-water mixtures due to the asymmetric wettability of the product. Therefore, it has potential application value in this regard. Attached Figure Description

[0040] Figure 1 This is an optical photograph of the white hyperbranched gel polymer in Example 1 of the present invention before it is dried.

[0041] Figure 2 This is an optical photograph of the white hyperbranched gel polymer after it has been dried, and its surface static water contact angle, as shown in Example 1 of this invention.

[0042] Figure 3 This is an optical photograph of the moisture-resistant gel polymer composite material in Example 1 of the present invention before it is dried.

[0043] Figure 4 Optical photographs of the moisture-resistant gel polymer composite material after drying in Example 1 of this invention and its wetting properties;

[0044] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the underwater air layer of the anti-wet gel polymer composite material in Embodiment 1 of the present invention and its completely non-wet surface after being brought into an air environment;

[0045] Figure 6 This is a comparison diagram of the static moisture resistance of the moisture-resistant gel polymer composite material after it has been rubbed against sandpaper and the original sandpaper in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram showing the wetting properties and dynamic moisture resistance of the moisture-resistant gel polymer composite material after it is rubbed against sandpaper in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 8 This is a comparison diagram of the static moisture-resistant state of the moisture-resistant gel polymer composite material after being rubbed onto cotton fabric and the original cotton fabric in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram showing the wetting properties and dynamic moisture resistance of the moisture-resistant gel polymer composite material after it is rubbed against cotton fabric in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 10 This is a comparison diagram of the static moisture-resistant state of the moisture-resistant gel polymer composite material after being rubbed onto the polyester fabric in Example 1 of the present invention, and the original polyester fabric.

[0050] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram showing the wetting properties and dynamic moisture resistance of the moisture-resistant gel polymer composite material after it is rubbed against polyester fabric in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 12 This is a comparison diagram of the static moisture-resistant state of the moisture-resistant gel polymer composite material after it is rubbed against the corrugated paper in Example 1 of the present invention, and the original corrugated paper.

[0052] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram showing the wetting properties and dynamic moisture resistance of the moisture-resistant gel polymer composite material after it is rubbed against corrugated paper in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 14 This refers to the static water contact angle between the superhydrophobic surface and the superhydrophilic surface in the knitted fabric-based water mist collection device based on unidirectional moisture-wicking effect in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0054] Figure 15 This is a diagram illustrating the unidirectional moisture-wicking performance of the knitted fabric-based water mist collection device based on the unidirectional moisture-wicking effect in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0055] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the directional moisture permeability of water droplets in the original polyester-cotton knitted fabric in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0056] Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of the directional moisture permeation state of water droplets in the knitted fabric-based water mist collection device based on the unidirectional moisture-wicking effect in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0057] Figure 18 A schematic diagram of a water mist collection test on cotton fabric;

[0058] Figure 19 This is a schematic diagram of a water mist collection test performed on the original polyester-cotton knitted fabric in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0059] Figure 20 This is a schematic diagram of a water mist collection test conducted on the alkali-treated polyester-cotton knitted fabric in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0060] Figure 21 This is a schematic diagram of a water mist collection test conducted on a knitted fabric-based water mist collection device based on the unidirectional moisture-wicking effect in Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0061] To make the above-mentioned objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Many specific details are set forth in the following description to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention can be practiced in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar modifications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0062] Example 1

[0063] This invention provides a simple method for preparing a substrate surface with superhydrophobic properties through friction, comprising the following steps:

[0064] S100. Weigh 1.5g of dipentaerythritol pent- / hex-acrylic acid and add it to a glass container. Then add 10ml of anhydrous ethanol to the glass container and shake to completely dissolve the dipentaerythritol pent- / hex-acrylic acid in the anhydrous ethanol to obtain a mixed solution.

[0065] S200: Add 1.5g tetradecyl alcohol and 2.5g nano-sized hydroxyapatite to the mixed solution of step S100, and make the tetradecyl alcohol completely dissolved;

[0066] S300: Add ethylenediamine-terminated polyethyleneimine to the mixture obtained in step S200, dissolve it completely, let it stand until the reaction is complete, and dry it to form a uniform white hyperbranched gel polymer.

[0067] S400. Add 1.5g of octadecylamine to 15ml of tetrahydrofuran (THF) and dissolve it completely to obtain a mixed solution. In addition to octadecylamine selected in this example, long-chain alkylamines can also be dodecylamine, tetradecylamine or hexadecylamine.

[0068] S500: The hyperbranched gel polymer obtained in step S300 is placed in the mixed solution of step S400, and after standing for room temperature immersion and low surface energy modification treatment, a moisture-resistant gel polymer composite material is obtained.

[0069] S610. Place a beaker containing a pre-prepared 4% sodium hydroxide solution in a water bath. When the temperature reaches 95°C, use tweezers to pick up a piece of polyester-cotton knitted fabric cut to 8*8cm and completely immerse it in the sodium hydroxide solution. Cover with plastic wrap and boil at a constant temperature for 1 hour for alkali treatment. It should be noted that the alkali treatment is not limited to the treatment method in this embodiment. It can also be done by immersing the polyester-cotton knitted fabric in alkaline solutions such as potassium hydroxide or lithium hydroxide. In addition, the container for containing the alkali solution can be sealed with plastic wrap in this embodiment or by using other lid-like structures to seal its opening for constant temperature boiling.

[0070] S620. Take out the polyester cotton cover and place it in a petri dish. Wash it three times with deionized water and then place it in an 80℃ oven to dry.

[0071] S700: The thermosetting adhesive is uniformly sprayed onto the surface of the moisture-resistant gel polymer composite material obtained in step S500 three times.

[0072] S800: The polyester surface of the polyester-cotton knitted fabric substrate after alkali treatment obtained in step S620 is rubbed evenly and repeatedly, and then placed in an 80°C oven for curing for 2 hours. A knitted fabric-based water mist collection device based on unidirectional moisture-wicking effect is obtained through a simple friction method.

[0073] Example 2

[0074] This invention provides a simple method for preparing a substrate surface with superhydrophobic properties through friction, comprising the following steps:

[0075] S100. Weigh 1.5g of dipentaerythritol pent- / hex-acrylic acid and add it to a glass container. Then add 10ml of anhydrous ethanol to the glass container and shake to completely dissolve the dipentaerythritol pent- / hex-acrylic acid in the anhydrous ethanol to obtain a mixed solution.

[0076] S200: Add 1.5g of hexadecyl alcohol and 2.5g of nano-sized hydroxyapatite to the mixed solution of step S100, and make the hexadecyl alcohol completely dissolved;

[0077] S300: Add ethylenediamine-terminated polyethyleneimine to the mixture obtained in step S200, dissolve it completely, let it stand until the reaction is complete, and dry it to form a uniform white hyperbranched gel polymer.

[0078] S400. Add 1.5g of octadecylamine to 15ml of tetrahydrofuran (THF) and dissolve it completely to obtain a mixed solution. In addition to octadecylamine selected in this example, long-chain alkylamines can also be dodecylamine, tetradecylamine or hexadecylamine.

[0079] S500: The hyperbranched gel polymer obtained in step S300 is placed in the mixed solution of step S400, and after standing for room temperature immersion and low surface energy modification treatment, a moisture-resistant gel polymer composite material is obtained.

[0080] S610. Place a beaker containing a pre-prepared 4% sodium hydroxide solution in a water bath. When the temperature reaches 95°C, use tweezers to pick up a piece of polyester-cotton knitted fabric cut to 8*8cm and completely immerse it in the sodium hydroxide solution. Cover with plastic wrap and boil at a constant temperature for 1 hour for alkali treatment. It should be noted that the alkali treatment is not limited to the treatment method in this embodiment. It can also be done by immersing the polyester-cotton knitted fabric in alkaline solutions such as potassium hydroxide or lithium hydroxide. In addition, the container for containing the alkali solution can be sealed with plastic wrap in this embodiment or by using other lid-like structures to seal its opening for constant temperature boiling.

[0081] S620. Take out the polyester cotton cover and place it in a petri dish. Wash it three times with deionized water and then place it in an 80℃ oven to dry.

[0082] S700: The thermosetting adhesive is uniformly sprayed onto the surface of the moisture-resistant gel polymer composite material obtained in step S500 three times.

[0083] S800: The polyester surface of the polyester-cotton knitted fabric substrate after alkali treatment obtained in step S620 is rubbed evenly and repeatedly, and then placed in an 80°C oven for curing for 2 hours. A knitted fabric-based water mist collection device based on unidirectional moisture-wicking effect is obtained through a simple friction method.

[0084] Example 3

[0085] This invention provides a simple method for preparing a substrate surface with superhydrophobic properties through friction, comprising the following steps:

[0086] S100. Weigh 1.5g of dipentaerythritol pent- / hex-acrylic acid and add it to a glass container. Then add 10ml of anhydrous ethanol to the glass container and shake to completely dissolve the dipentaerythritol pent- / hex-acrylic acid in the anhydrous ethanol to obtain a mixed solution.

[0087] S200: Add 1.5g of octadecyl alcohol and 2.5g of nano-sized hydroxyapatite to the mixed solution of step S100, and make the octadecyl alcohol completely dissolved;

[0088] S300: Add ethylenediamine-terminated polyethyleneimine to the mixture obtained in step S200, dissolve it completely, let it stand until the reaction is complete, and dry it to form a uniform white hyperbranched gel polymer.

[0089] S400. Add 1.5g of octadecylamine to 15ml of tetrahydrofuran (THF) and dissolve it completely to obtain a mixed solution. In addition to octadecylamine selected in this example, long-chain alkylamines can also be dodecylamine, tetradecylamine or hexadecylamine.

[0090] S500: The hyperbranched gel polymer obtained in step S300 is placed in the mixed solution of step S400, and after standing for room temperature immersion and low surface energy modification treatment, a moisture-resistant gel polymer composite material is obtained.

[0091] S610. Place a beaker containing a pre-prepared 4% sodium hydroxide solution in a water bath. When the temperature reaches 95°C, use tweezers to pick up a piece of polyester-cotton knitted fabric cut to 8*8cm and completely immerse it in the sodium hydroxide solution. Cover with plastic wrap and boil at a constant temperature for 1 hour for alkali treatment. It should be noted that the alkali treatment is not limited to the treatment method in this embodiment. It can also be done by immersing the polyester-cotton knitted fabric in alkaline solutions such as potassium hydroxide or lithium hydroxide. In addition, the container for containing the alkali solution can be sealed with plastic wrap in this embodiment or by using other lid-like structures to seal its opening for constant temperature boiling.

[0092] S620. Take out the polyester cotton cover and place it in a petri dish. Wash it three times with deionized water and then place it in an 80℃ oven to dry.

[0093] S700: The thermosetting adhesive is uniformly sprayed onto the surface of the moisture-resistant gel polymer composite material obtained in step S500 three times.

[0094] S800: The polyester surface of the polyester-cotton knitted fabric substrate after alkali treatment obtained in step S620 is rubbed evenly and repeatedly, and then placed in an 80°C oven for curing for 2 hours. A knitted fabric-based water mist collection device based on unidirectional moisture-wicking effect is obtained through a simple friction method.

[0095] Example 4

[0096] This invention provides a simple method for preparing a substrate surface with superhydrophobic properties through friction, comprising the following steps:

[0097] S100. Weigh 1.5g of dipentaerythritol pent- / hex-acrylic acid and add it to a glass container. Then add 10ml of anhydrous ethanol to the glass container and shake to completely dissolve the dipentaerythritol pent- / hex-acrylic acid in the anhydrous ethanol to obtain a mixed solution.

[0098] S200: Add 0.75g tetradecanol, 0.75g hexadecyl alcohol and 2.5g nano-sized hydroxyapatite to the mixed solution of step S100, and ensure that the higher alkyl alcohol is fully dissolved.

[0099] S300: Add ethylenediamine-terminated polyethyleneimine to the mixture obtained in step S200, dissolve it completely, let it stand until the reaction is complete, and dry it to form a uniform white hyperbranched gel polymer.

[0100] S400. Add 1.5g of octadecylamine to 15ml of tetrahydrofuran (THF) and dissolve it completely to obtain a mixed solution. In addition to octadecylamine selected in this example, long-chain alkylamines can also be dodecylamine, tetradecylamine or hexadecylamine.

[0101] S500: The hyperbranched gel polymer obtained in step S300 is placed in the mixed solution of step S400, and after standing for room temperature immersion and low surface energy modification treatment, a moisture-resistant gel polymer composite material is obtained.

[0102] S610. Place a beaker containing a pre-prepared 4% sodium hydroxide solution in a water bath. When the temperature reaches 95°C, use tweezers to pick up a piece of polyester-cotton knitted fabric cut to 8*8cm and completely immerse it in the sodium hydroxide solution. Cover with plastic wrap and boil at a constant temperature for 1 hour for alkali treatment. It should be noted that the alkali treatment is not limited to the treatment method in this embodiment. It can also be done by immersing the polyester-cotton knitted fabric in alkaline solutions such as potassium hydroxide or lithium hydroxide. In addition, the container for containing the alkali solution can be sealed with plastic wrap in this embodiment or by using other lid-like structures to seal its opening for constant temperature boiling.

[0103] S620. Take out the polyester cotton cover and place it in a petri dish. Wash it three times with deionized water and then place it in an 80℃ oven to dry.

[0104] S700: The thermosetting adhesive is uniformly sprayed onto the surface of the moisture-resistant gel polymer composite material obtained in step S500 three times.

[0105] S800: The polyester surface of the polyester-cotton knitted fabric substrate after alkali treatment obtained in step S620 is rubbed evenly and repeatedly, and then placed in an 80°C oven for curing for 2 hours. A knitted fabric-based water mist collection device based on unidirectional moisture-wicking effect is obtained through a simple friction method.

[0106] Example 5

[0107] This invention provides a simple method for preparing a substrate surface with superhydrophobic properties through friction, comprising the following steps:

[0108] S100. Weigh 1.5g of dipentaerythritol pent- / hex-acrylic acid and add it to a glass container. Then add 10ml of anhydrous ethanol to the glass container and shake to completely dissolve the dipentaerythritol pent- / hex-acrylic acid in the anhydrous ethanol to obtain a mixed solution.

[0109] S200: Add 0.75g tetradecanol, 0.75g octadecyl alcohol and 2.5g nano-sized hydroxyapatite to the mixed solution of step S100, and make the higher alkyl alcohol fully dissolved.

[0110] S300: Add ethylenediamine-terminated polyethyleneimine to the mixture obtained in step S200, dissolve it completely, let it stand until the reaction is complete, and dry it to form a uniform white hyperbranched gel polymer.

[0111] S400. Add 1.5g of octadecylamine to 15ml of tetrahydrofuran (THF) and dissolve it completely to obtain a mixed solution. In addition to octadecylamine selected in this example, long-chain alkylamines can also be dodecylamine, tetradecylamine or hexadecylamine.

[0112] S500: The hyperbranched gel polymer obtained in step S300 is placed in the mixed solution of step S400, and after standing for room temperature immersion and low surface energy modification treatment, a moisture-resistant gel polymer composite material is obtained.

[0113] S610. Place a beaker containing a pre-prepared 4% sodium hydroxide solution in a water bath. When the temperature reaches 95°C, use tweezers to pick up a piece of polyester-cotton knitted fabric cut to 8*8cm and completely immerse it in the sodium hydroxide solution. Cover with plastic wrap and boil at a constant temperature for 1 hour for alkali treatment. It should be noted that the alkali treatment is not limited to the treatment method in this embodiment. It can also be done by immersing the polyester-cotton knitted fabric in alkaline solutions such as potassium hydroxide or lithium hydroxide. In addition, the container for containing the alkali solution can be sealed with plastic wrap in this embodiment or by using other lid-like structures to seal its opening for constant temperature boiling.

[0114] S620. Take out the polyester cotton cover and place it in a petri dish. Wash it three times with deionized water and then place it in an 80℃ oven to dry.

[0115] S700: The thermosetting adhesive is uniformly sprayed onto the surface of the moisture-resistant gel polymer composite material obtained in step S500 three times.

[0116] S800: The polyester surface of the polyester-cotton knitted fabric substrate after alkali treatment obtained in step S620 is rubbed evenly and repeatedly, and then placed in an 80°C oven for curing for 2 hours. A knitted fabric-based water mist collection device based on unidirectional moisture-wicking effect is obtained through a simple friction method.

[0117] Example 6

[0118] This invention provides a simple method for preparing a substrate surface with superhydrophobic properties through friction, comprising the following steps:

[0119] S100. Weigh 1.5g of dipentaerythritol pent- / hex-acrylic acid and add it to a glass container. Then add 10ml of anhydrous ethanol to the glass container and shake to completely dissolve the dipentaerythritol pent- / hex-acrylic acid in the anhydrous ethanol to obtain a mixed solution.

[0120] S200: Add 0.75g cetyl alcohol, 0.75g octadecyl alcohol and 2.5g nano-sized hydroxyapatite to the mixed solution of step S100, and make the higher alkyl alcohol fully dissolved.

[0121] S300: Add ethylenediamine-terminated polyethyleneimine to the mixture obtained in step S200, dissolve it completely, let it stand until the reaction is complete, and dry it to form a uniform white hyperbranched gel polymer.

[0122] S400. Add 1.5g of octadecylamine to 15ml of tetrahydrofuran (THF) and dissolve it completely to obtain a mixed solution. In addition to octadecylamine selected in this example, long-chain alkylamines can also be dodecylamine, tetradecylamine or hexadecylamine.

[0123] S500: The hyperbranched gel polymer obtained in step S300 is placed in the mixed solution of step S400, and after standing for room temperature immersion and low surface energy modification treatment, a moisture-resistant gel polymer composite material is obtained.

[0124] S610. Place a beaker containing a pre-prepared 4% sodium hydroxide solution in a water bath. When the temperature reaches 95°C, use tweezers to pick up a piece of polyester-cotton knitted fabric cut to 8*8cm and completely immerse it in the sodium hydroxide solution. Cover with plastic wrap and boil at a constant temperature for 1 hour for alkali treatment. It should be noted that the alkali treatment is not limited to the treatment method in this embodiment. It can also be done by immersing the polyester-cotton knitted fabric in alkaline solutions such as potassium hydroxide or lithium hydroxide. In addition, the container for containing the alkali solution can be sealed with plastic wrap in this embodiment or by using other lid-like structures to seal its opening for constant temperature boiling.

[0125] S620. Take out the polyester cotton cover and place it in a petri dish. Wash it three times with deionized water and then place it in an 80℃ oven to dry.

[0126] S700: The thermosetting adhesive is uniformly sprayed onto the surface of the moisture-resistant gel polymer composite material obtained in step S500 three times.

[0127] S800: The polyester surface of the polyester-cotton knitted fabric substrate after alkali treatment obtained in step S620 is rubbed evenly and repeatedly, and then placed in an 80°C oven for curing for 2 hours. A knitted fabric-based water mist collection device based on unidirectional moisture-wicking effect is obtained through a simple friction method.

[0128] Example 7

[0129] This invention provides a simple method for preparing a substrate surface with superhydrophobic properties through friction, comprising the following steps:

[0130] S100. Weigh 1.5g of dipentaerythritol pent- / hex-acrylic acid and add it to a glass container. Then add 10ml of anhydrous ethanol to the glass container and shake to completely dissolve the dipentaerythritol pent- / hex-acrylic acid in the anhydrous ethanol to obtain a mixed solution.

[0131] S200: Add 0.5g tetradecanol, 0.5g hexadecyl alcohol, 0.5g octadecyl alcohol and 2.5g nano-sized hydroxyapatite to the mixed solution of step S100, and make the higher alkyl alcohols fully dissolved;

[0132] S300: Add ethylenediamine-terminated polyethyleneimine to the mixture obtained in step S200, dissolve it completely, let it stand until the reaction is complete, and dry it to form a uniform white hyperbranched gel polymer.

[0133] S400. Add 1.5g of octadecylamine to 15ml of tetrahydrofuran (THF) and dissolve it completely to obtain a mixed solution. In addition to octadecylamine selected in this example, long-chain alkylamines can also be dodecylamine, tetradecylamine or hexadecylamine.

[0134] S500: The hyperbranched gel polymer obtained in step S300 is placed in the mixed solution of step S400, and after standing for room temperature immersion and low surface energy modification treatment, a moisture-resistant gel polymer composite material is obtained.

[0135] S610. Place a beaker containing a pre-prepared 4% sodium hydroxide solution in a water bath. When the temperature reaches 95°C, use tweezers to pick up a piece of polyester-cotton knitted fabric cut to 8*8cm and completely immerse it in the sodium hydroxide solution. Cover with plastic wrap and boil at a constant temperature for 1 hour for alkali treatment. It should be noted that the alkali treatment is not limited to the treatment method in this embodiment. It can also be done by immersing the polyester-cotton knitted fabric in alkaline solutions such as potassium hydroxide or lithium hydroxide. In addition, the container for containing the alkali solution can be sealed with plastic wrap in this embodiment or by using other lid-like structures to seal its opening for constant temperature boiling.

[0136] S620. Take out the polyester cotton cover and place it in a petri dish. Wash it three times with deionized water and then place it in an 80℃ oven to dry.

[0137] S700: The thermosetting adhesive is uniformly sprayed onto the surface of the moisture-resistant gel polymer composite material obtained in step S500 three times.

[0138] S800: The polyester surface of the polyester-cotton knitted fabric substrate after alkali treatment obtained in step S620 is rubbed evenly and repeatedly, and then placed in an 80°C oven for curing for 2 hours. A knitted fabric-based water mist collection device based on unidirectional moisture-wicking effect is obtained through a simple friction method.

[0139] Table 1 is a summary table of the quality of materials added in Examples 1-7;

[0140]

[0141]

[0142] It should be noted that the steps and operations of Examples 1 to 7 are basically the same, with only some reagent ratios being different. The wetting characteristics of the anti-wetting gel polymer composite material, the wetting characteristics of the product, the unidirectional moisture conduction performance test, and the water mist collection performance test of Examples 1 to 7 were respectively performed. The product characteristics are not significantly different. The test process of the product of Example 1 will be used as an example for explanation below.

[0143] I. Determine the wetting properties of the anti-wetting gel polymer composite material, see [reference needed]. Figures 1-13 ;

[0144] The specific methods for determining wetting properties include:

[0145] H100, 5 μL of deionized water was added to five different locations on the sample, and the contact angle was measured and the average value was calculated to obtain the static water contact angle data;

[0146] H200, adjust the angle of the angle stage, and after fixing the angle, the angle at which 10μL of deionized water can be dropped at five different positions on the product and roll off is the rolling angle of the sample;

[0147] H300: Add water droplets to the sample surface and observe its static moisture resistance.

[0148] H400: Place water droplets on different substrate surfaces that have been tilted and rubbed with polymer, and observe whether the water droplets roll off and whether the surface is free of any liquid droplets.

[0149] in, Figure 1 This is an image of the gel product before it dries. Figure 2 The image shows the optical image and static water contact angle of the dried gel product, which is 0°, indicating superhydrophilicity. Figure 3 , Figure 4 The images show the appearance of the moisture-resistant gel polymer composite material prepared by room temperature soaking and modification before and after drying, as well as the contact angle and roll-off angle after drying. A contact angle of 162° and a roll-off angle of 1° indicate that it is superhydrophobic.

[0150] like Figure 5 As shown, after gently scraping away the incompletely reacted and unevenly reacted impurities in the prepared moisture-resistant gel polymer composite material, it was found that there was an obvious air layer on the surface when it was completely immersed in deionized water. When it was taken out into an air atmosphere, the polymer surface dried and was completely dry, and still maintained good moisture resistance.

[0151] The substrate with a rough surface in this invention can be sandpaper, cotton fabric, polyester fabric, corrugated paper surface, etc., see [link to relevant documentation]. Figures 6-13 The composite material was uniformly rubbed onto sandpaper, cotton fabric, polyester fabric, and corrugated paper. The static water contact angle was measured to be 153° and the roll-off angle to be 1° on sandpaper; 162° and 10° on cotton fabric; 158° and 10° on polyester fabric; and 161° and 3° on corrugated paper. Wetting behavior was observed in both the original and rubbed surfaces of the dye droplets. This demonstrates that the product exhibits excellent superhydrophobicity and stability. It should be noted that substrates with a rough surface structure capable of adhering to moisture-resistant gel polymer composite particles can achieve surface superhydrophobicity through friction.

[0152] II. Determination of wetting characteristics and unidirectional moisture-wicking performance of knitted fabrics with unidirectional moisture-wicking effect; see [reference needed]. Figures 14-17 ;

[0153] The methods for measuring the contact angle and roll-off angle are the same as above. Other specific measurement methods include:

[0154] E100. With the polyester side of the ordinary polyester-cotton knitted fabric and the superhydrophobic surface of the prepared knitted fabric with unidirectional moisture-wicking effect facing upwards, 5μL of deionized water was squeezed out using a micro-syringe and placed on the surface. The moisture-wicking time was recorded for comparison.

[0155] See Figure 14 The obtained product has a contact angle of 152° on its superhydrophobic surface, exhibiting superhydrophobicity. The cotton surface has a contact angle of 0°, exhibiting superhydrophilicity. (Comparison) Figure 15 It is evident that water droplets are guided from the superhydrophobic surface to the superhydrophilic surface, with the vast majority of water droplets remaining on the superhydrophilic surface, fully demonstrating its unidirectional moisture-wicking properties.

[0156] See Figure 16 and Figure 17 By comparing the moisture conduction rates, the following results were observed: Figure 17 The unidirectional moisture-wicking fabric shown can pass through 5 μL of deionized water in just 3.51 seconds, which is nearly ten times faster than ordinary polyester-cotton knitted fabrics.

[0157] III. Comparative Test of One-Way Moisture-Guiding Knitted Fabric-Based Devices and Water Mist Collection Applications with Other Fabrics (See [link]) Figures 18-21;

[0158] The specific methods for measuring water mist collection include:

[0159] D100. Fix cotton fabric, original polyester-cotton knitted fabric, alkali-treated polyester-cotton knitted fabric, and a water mist collection device based on knitted fabric with unidirectional moisture-wicking effect onto a funnel. Place a graduated cylinder with a capacity of 10 ml below the funnel.

[0160] D200: The diameter of the concave circle in the fabric is uniformly 6.2cm. To prevent errors caused by water accumulation along the outer wall of the funnel, plastic wrap and transparent tape are used, and paper towels are wrapped around the conical part of the funnel so that the water flowing down the outer wall of the funnel wets the paper towels and drips off from the outside of the measuring cylinder. This avoids errors affecting the accuracy of the data.

[0161] D300. Connect a rubber hose to the nozzle of the sprayer, keeping the nozzle 5cm away from the sample fabric. Simultaneously, the sprayer should generate a mist stream with a velocity of approximately 20cm / s.

[0162] D400, record the water volume collected from the four samples at 0 min, 15 min, 30 min, 40 min, 50 min, and 60 min after the start of the test. It should be noted that... Figures 18-21 The diagrams from left to right show the water collection volume at 0 min, 15 min, 30 min, 40 min, 50 min, and 60 min.

[0163] Depend on Figure 18-20 It can be seen that the amount of water collected within 1 hour is similar for the three combination types of fabrics: hydrophilic / hydrophilic fabric, hydrophilic / hydrophobic fabric, and superhydrophilic / superhydrophilic fabric.

[0164] Figure 21 Efficiency testing of a knitted fabric-based water mist collection device based on unidirectional moisture wicking effect was conducted. The water volume was observed to be 5 ml at 40 minutes, after which the water mist collection rate significantly increased. At 50 minutes, the water volume was 7.8 ml. After 60 minutes, the total water volume was 10.3 ml. The test results show that although the collection effect of the knitted fabric-based water mist collection device based on unidirectional moisture wicking effect was not significantly better than other samples initially, the collected water volume gradually increased after 40 minutes, reaching 10.3 ml at 60 minutes. The collection rate improved by 42%-46%. In conclusion, this product has good unidirectional moisture wicking performance and excellent water collection effect, and can be widely used in the field of water mist collection.

[0165] All reagents used in this embodiment are of analytical grade.

[0166] Furthermore, it should be understood that the above-described embodiments are only used to explain the present invention in detail, but the present invention is not limited to the detailed methods described above. For those skilled in the art, any improvements to the present invention, equivalent substitutions of raw materials for the products of the present invention, selection of specific methods, etc., within the spirit and principles of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection and disclosure of the present invention.

Claims

1. A simple triboelectric preparation method for imparting superhydrophobic properties to a substrate surface, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S100. Take a polyacrylate compound, wherein the polyacrylate compound is dipentaerythritol pent- / hex-acrylic acid, and make the polyacrylate compound completely dissolve in anhydrous ethanol. S200, with the addition of nano-sized inorganic materials and higher alkyl alcohols, and the higher alkyl alcohols being fully dissolved, including one or more of tetradecanol, hexadecylol, and octadecylol; the nano-sized inorganic materials include hydroxyapatite; S300, add ethylenediamine-terminated polyethyleneimine, dissolve it completely, and wait for the reaction to complete to form a hyperbranched gel polymer; S400: Add a long-chain alkylamine, wherein the long-chain alkylamine is octadecylamine, to the tetrahydrofuran system to fully dissolve it and obtain a mixed solution; S500: The hyperbranched gel polymer is placed in the mixed solution of step 400 and subjected to room temperature immersion and low surface energy modification treatment to obtain a moisture-resistant gel polymer composite material. S600, Take a substrate with a rough surface structure that can adhere to particles; S700. Apply a thermosetting adhesive to the surface of the moisture-resistant gel polymer composite material. S800: The material obtained in step S700 is placed on the surface of the substrate with a rough structure described in step S600 and rubbed uniformly and repeatedly to impart superhydrophobic properties to the substrate surface.

2. The simple friction preparation method for imparting superhydrophobic properties to the surface of a substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S600, when the substrate with a rough surface structure capable of adhering to particles is a polyester-cotton knitted fabric, Step S600 includes: S610. Take a polyester-cotton knitted fabric and immerse it completely in an alkaline solution and boil it at high temperature for alkaline treatment. S620. After removing the polyester-cotton knitted fabric, wash and dry it. Step S800 includes: The material obtained in step S700 is placed on the polyester surface of the dried polyester-cotton knitted fabric in step S600 and rubbed evenly and repeatedly. After drying and curing, a knitted fabric-based water mist collection device based on the unidirectional moisture-wicking effect is obtained.

3. The simple triboelectric preparation method for imparting superhydrophobic properties to the surface of a substrate according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step S610, the alkaline solution is selected as a 4% sodium hydroxide solution, and the water bath temperature is heated to 95°C for 1 hour.

4. The simple friction preparation method for imparting superhydrophobic properties to the surface of a substrate according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step S800, the curing temperature is controlled at 80℃ and the reaction time is 2h.

5. A simple triboelectric preparation method for imparting superhydrophobic properties to a substrate surface according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that: The mass ratio of dipentaerythritol pentyl / hexyl acrylic acid to anhydrous ethanol is 44-56:

263.

6. A simple triboelectric preparation method for imparting superhydrophobic properties to a substrate surface according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the higher alkyl alcohol to dipentaerythritol pentyl / hexyl acrylic acid is 1:1, and the mass ratio of the nano-scale inorganic material to dipentaerythritol pentyl / hexyl acrylic acid is 25:13-17.

7. The simple triboelectric preparation method for imparting superhydrophobic properties to the surface of a substrate according to claim 6, characterized in that: In S300, the mass ratio of ethylenediamine-terminated polyethyleneimine to dipentaerythritol pentyl / hexyl-acrylic acid is 7:26-34, the reaction temperature is controlled at room temperature, and the reaction time is 12 hours.

8. A simple triboelectric preparation method for imparting superhydrophobic properties to a substrate surface according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the long-chain alkylamine to tetrahydrofuran is 10:

89.

9. A simple triboelectric preparation method for imparting superhydrophobic properties to a substrate surface according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that: In step S500, the reaction temperature is controlled at room temperature and the reaction time is 48 hours.

10. A knitted fabric-based water mist collection device based on unidirectional moisture-wicking effect, characterized in that, It is prepared by the method described in any one of claims 2-4.

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