Vibration generating device, display device including the same, and vehicle

Abstract

The present application relates to a vibration generating apparatus, a display device including the same, and a vehicle. The present disclosure relates to a vibration generating apparatus, a display device including the same, and a vehicle including the same. The vibration generating apparatus includes: piezoelectric ceramic portions having a certain pitch; a piezoelectric material layer between at least two of the piezoelectric ceramic portions; and an electrode portion configured to provide an electric field to one or more of the piezoelectric ceramic portions and the piezoelectric material layer.

Description

[0001] This application is a divisional application of the original invention patent application No. 201911337393.4 (filed on December 23, 2019, invention title: Vibration generating device and display device and vehicle including the vibration generating device). Technical Field

[0002] This disclosure relates to a vibration generating device, and a display device and vehicle including the vibration generating device. More specifically, this disclosure relates to a vibration generating device having piezoelectric vibration characteristics and light transmission characteristics, and a display device and vehicle including the vibration generating device. Background Technology

[0003] Display devices can be installed or integrated into electronic devices or home appliances such as televisions, monitors, laptops, smartphones, tablets, tablet computers, wearable devices, smartwatches, portable information devices, navigation devices, vehicle control display devices, etc., and are used to display images.

[0004] Display devices may include display panels for displaying images or videos and audio devices for providing sound.

[0005] However, audio devices are sometimes positioned on the rear surface of the display panel, causing sound from the audio device to propagate behind or below the display panel. This results in degraded sound quality and reduced immersive experience for the user or viewer due to interference between sound waves reflected from nearby natural structures or objects (such as walls, the ground, etc.).

[0006] Haptic effects can be provided to devices including display panels, such as mobile communication terminals, portable information devices, vehicle control display devices, etc., to provide feedback or notification to the user by causing part or all of the display screen of the display panel to vibrate in response to the user's manipulation (such as touch input).

[0007] Piezoelectric actuators, which utilize piezoelectric materials that generate mechanical energy such as vibration in response to electrical signals, can be used to provide tactile effects to display devices; therefore, it is desirable to provide a method for applying such piezoelectric actuators to display devices. Furthermore, to improve the visibility of the display device, it is desirable to control the path of light emitted from the display device.

[0008] However, when the audio device is positioned on the rear surface of the display panel, there are problems with the vibration acceleration provided for the desired tactile feedback or vibration characteristics due to components included in the display device or its structure. Summary of the Invention

[0009] Therefore, embodiments of this disclosure relate to a vibration generating device and a display device including the vibration generating device that substantially eliminates one or more problems caused by the limitations and disadvantages of related technologies. According to one aspect of this disclosure, a vibration generating device capable of providing vibration acceleration by being disposed in the front surface of a display device and having light control functionality is provided, and a display device including the vibration generating device is also provided.

[0010] According to another aspect of this disclosure, a display device is provided that can provide tactile effects and light control functions by providing a vibration generating device comprising a transparent piezoelectric material, an opaque piezoelectric ceramic material and an electrode structure on the front surface of the display device.

[0011] According to another aspect of this disclosure, a vibration generating device, a display device including the vibration generating device, and a vehicle including the vibration generating device are provided. The vibration generating device includes a plurality of piezoelectric ceramic portions spaced apart from each other by a predetermined pitch and extending in a first direction with a first width and a first thickness, an electrode portion including a first electrode on a first surface of at least one of the piezoelectric ceramic portions and a second electrode on a second surface of at least one of the piezoelectric ceramic portions, and a piezoelectric material layer located between the plurality of piezoelectric ceramic portions.

[0012] According to another aspect of this disclosure, a vibration generating device, a display device including the vibration generating device, and a vehicle including the vibration generating device are provided. The vibration generating device includes a piezoelectric ceramic portion comprising a plurality of piezoelectric ceramic grids having a predetermined width, a piezoelectric material layer disposed within at least one of the piezoelectric ceramic grids in the piezoelectric ceramic portion, and an electrode portion comprising a first electrode and a second electrode respectively disposed on the upper and lower surfaces of the piezoelectric ceramic portion and the piezoelectric material layer. In this case, the first electrode and the second electrode may be disposed in all or at least a portion of the upper and lower surfaces, respectively.

[0013] According to another aspect of this disclosure, a liquid crystal display device including a vibration generating device is provided, the vibration generating device being disposed between a backlight unit and a liquid crystal display panel included in the liquid crystal display device, or disposed in the upper part of the liquid crystal display panel.

[0014] According to another aspect of this disclosure, an organic light-emitting display device is provided in which a vibration generating device is disposed on the front or rear surface of an organic light-emitting display panel.

[0015] According to another aspect of this disclosure, a display device with improved sound performance and sound pressure characteristics is provided, as well as a vehicle including the display device.

[0016] When a user views an image from a display panel in front of a display device, the sound from the display device can travel towards the user in the direction of the front of the display panel. With this in mind, the inventors conducted experiments to improve sound quality. Through several and various experiments, the inventors invented a display device with a novel structure in which sound from the display device can travel towards the front of the display panel, and which can provide improved sound quality and desired vibrations.

[0017] According to another aspect of this disclosure, a display device is provided that enables sound from a display device to travel in the direction of the display panel, and a vehicle including the display device is also provided.

[0018] According to another aspect of this disclosure, a vibration generating device capable of improving sound quality and increasing the immersive experience of a user or viewer is provided, as well as a display device including the vibration generating device and a vehicle including the vibration generating device.

[0019] Additional features and aspects will be set forth in the description which follows, and some features will become apparent from the description or may be learned by practicing the inventive concept provided herein. Other features and aspects of the inventive concept may be realized and obtained by means of structures particularly pointed out in the written description or derived therefrom, the claims, and the drawings.

[0020] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a vibration generating device is provided, the vibration generating device including a piezoelectric ceramic portion having a predetermined width, a piezoelectric material layer located between at least two piezoelectric ceramic portions, and an electrode portion configured to provide an electric field to one or more of the piezoelectric ceramic portions and the piezoelectric material layer.

[0021] According to another embodiment of the present disclosure, a display device is provided, the display panel comprising: a liquid crystal display panel including a thin film transistor substrate; a backlight unit configured to provide backlight to the liquid crystal display panel; and a vibration generating device including piezoelectric ceramic portions disposed in at least one or more of the following locations: between the backlight unit and the liquid crystal display panel, on the upper surface of the liquid crystal display panel, and on the lower surface of the liquid crystal display panel, and the vibration generating device comprising piezoelectric ceramic portions arranged with a certain spacing, a piezoelectric material layer located between at least two piezoelectric ceramic portions, and an electrode portion configured to provide an electric field to at least one or more of the piezoelectric ceramic portions and the piezoelectric material layer.

[0022] According to another embodiment of the present disclosure, a display device is provided, the display device including an organic light-emitting display panel having a thin-film transistor substrate and a vibration generating device, the vibration generating device including piezoelectric ceramic portions located in the organic light-emitting display panel and configured to have a certain spacing, a piezoelectric material layer located between at least two piezoelectric ceramic portions, and an electrode portion configured to provide an electric field to at least one of the piezoelectric ceramic portions and the piezoelectric material layer.

[0023] According to another embodiment of the present disclosure, a display device is provided, the display device comprising: a display panel configured to display an image; and a vibration generating device located in the display panel, the vibration generating device comprising: a plurality of first portions having piezoelectric properties, a plurality of second portions between the plurality of first portions, and at least one electrode above the plurality of first portions and the plurality of second portions.

[0024] According to another embodiment of this disclosure, a vehicle is provided, the vehicle comprising: an instrument panel including a first region facing a driver's seat, a second region facing a passenger seat, and a third region between the first and second regions; an instrument cluster module including a first display in the first region of the instrument panel; an infotainment module including at least one of a second display in the third region of the instrument panel, a third display in the second region of the instrument panel, a fourth display on the rear surface of the driver's seat, and a fifth display on the rear surface of the passenger seat, wherein at least one of the first to fifth displays includes a display device having a vibration generating device, and the vibration generating device includes: a plurality of first portions having piezoelectric properties, a plurality of second portions located between the plurality of first portions; and an electrode located on at least one of the plurality of first portions and the plurality of second portions.

[0025] According to embodiments of this disclosure, since a vibration generating device including a piezoelectric material layer is disposed on the inner or front surface of a display device, vibration acceleration can be provided through the surface of the display device, and a light control function for controlling the path of light emitted from the display device can be performed.

[0026] According to embodiments of this disclosure, a display device can be provided that can provide tactile effects and light control functions by providing a vibration generating device including a transparent piezoelectric material, an opaque piezoelectric ceramic material, and an electrode structure in the display device.

[0027] According to embodiments of this disclosure, since a vibration generating device capable of providing tactile effects and light control functions is employed in the display device, the visibility of the display device can be improved by controlling the path of light emitted from the display device and minimizing the reflection of light from the structure of the display device or objects present nearby.

[0028] According to embodiments of this disclosure, since sound can be output toward the front of the display panel and sound with improved sound quality, sound performance and sound pressure level can be output, the immersive experience of the user or viewer can be improved.

[0029] It should be understood that the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are both exemplary and explanatory, and are intended to provide further illustration of the claimed inventive concept.

[0030] Appendix 1. A vibration generating device, the vibration generating device comprising:

[0031] A piezoelectric ceramic component having a specific spacing;

[0032] A piezoelectric material layer, the piezoelectric material layer being located between at least two piezoelectric ceramic portions; and

[0033] An electrode portion is configured to provide an electric field to one or more of the piezoelectric ceramic portion and the piezoelectric material layer.

[0034] Appendix 2. The vibration generating device according to Appendix 1, wherein the piezoelectric ceramic part comprises a plurality of piezoelectric ceramic parts, the plurality of piezoelectric ceramic parts being spaced apart from each other at a certain pitch, having a first width and a first thickness, and being arranged along a first direction.

[0035] The electrode portion includes a first electrode located on a first surface of each of the plurality of piezoelectric ceramic portions and a second electrode located on a second surface of each of the plurality of piezoelectric ceramic portions.

[0036] Note 3. The vibration generating device according to Note 2, wherein the first electrode and the second electrode are formed of one of copper (Cu), aluminum (Al), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), nickel-phosphorus (Ni-P), tungsten (W), platinum (Pt) and silver (Ag) or an alloy thereof.

[0037] Appendix 4. The vibration generating device according to Appendix 2, wherein the electrode portion further includes a third electrode electrically connected to the second electrode, and is disposed on the entire surface of one side or the entire surface of one side surface of at least one of the piezoelectric ceramic portion and the piezoelectric material layer.

[0038] Note 5. The vibration generating device according to Note 2, wherein the first electrode is disposed on the first side surface and the upper surface of each of the piezoelectric ceramic parts, and the second electrode is disposed on the second side surface of each of the piezoelectric ceramic parts.

[0039] Note 6. The vibration generating device according to Note 2, wherein the pitch of the plurality of piezoelectric ceramic portions is greater than the first width of each of the piezoelectric ceramic portions and less than the first thickness of each of the piezoelectric ceramic portions.

[0040] Note 7. The vibration generating device according to Note 6, wherein the first width of the piezoelectric ceramic portion is 30 μm or less, the pitch is not less than twice the first width and not more than five times the first width, and the first thickness is not less than twice the pitch and not more than four times the pitch.

[0041] Note 8. The vibration generating device according to Note 1 further includes a protective layer located on at least one of the entire upper and lower surfaces of both the piezoelectric ceramic part and the piezoelectric material layer.

[0042] Appendix 9. The vibration generating device according to Appendix 1, wherein,

[0043] The piezoelectric ceramic section includes multiple piezoelectric ceramic grids, each with a specific width.

[0044] The piezoelectric material layer is located between the piezoelectric ceramic grids, and

[0045] The electrode portion includes a first electrode and a second electrode located on the upper and lower surfaces of the piezoelectric ceramic portion and the piezoelectric material layer, respectively.

[0046] Note 10. The vibration generating device according to Note 1, wherein,

[0047] The piezoelectric ceramic part includes multiple piezoelectric ceramic parts, which are arranged at a certain pitch and spaced apart from each other, have a first width and a first thickness, and are arranged along a first direction.

[0048] The electrode portion includes a first electrode and a second electrode located on the upper and lower surfaces of the piezoelectric ceramic portion and the piezoelectric material layer, respectively.

[0049] Note 11. The vibration generating device according to Note 10, wherein the pitch is greater than the first width, and the first thickness is greater than the pitch.

[0050] Note 12. The vibration generating device according to Note 11, wherein the pitch is greater than or equal to twice the first width and less than or equal to five times the first width.

[0051] Note 13. The vibration generating device according to Note 11, wherein the first thickness is greater than or equal to twice the pitch and less than or equal to five times the pitch.

[0052] Note 14. The vibration generating device according to Note 1, wherein the piezoelectric ceramic part has piezoelectric properties and is formed of one of an opaque piezoelectric ceramic material and a piezoelectric ceramic fiber.

[0053] Note 15. The vibration generating device according to Note 1, wherein the piezoelectric material layer comprises at least one of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyvinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene (P(VDF-TrFE)), relaxor ferroelectric polymer, PVDF polymer doped with P(VDF-TrFe-CFE), P(VDF-TrFE-CTFE), CNT, and polybis(trifluoroethoxy)phosphazene.

[0054] Note 16. The vibration generating device according to Note 1 further includes a driver.

[0055] The driver is configured to receive a touch signal from a touch driver and apply power to the electrode portion of the vibration generating device when the touch signal is received.

[0056] Note 17. The vibration generating device according to Note 1, wherein the piezoelectric ceramic part is formed of polycrystalline PZT-based ceramic material, polycrystalline PT-based ceramic material, PZT composite perovskite material or BaTiO3.

[0057] Appendix 18. A display device comprising:

[0058] A liquid crystal display panel, the liquid crystal display panel including a thin film transistor substrate;

[0059] A backlight unit configured to provide a light source to the liquid crystal display panel; and

[0060] A vibration generating device is disposed in at least one or more of the following locations: between the backlight unit and the liquid crystal display panel, on the upper surface of the liquid crystal display panel, and on the lower surface of the liquid crystal display panel.

[0061] The vibration generating device includes:

[0062] A piezoelectric ceramic component, which is arranged with a certain spacing;

[0063] A piezoelectric material layer, the piezoelectric material layer being located between at least two piezoelectric ceramic portions; and

[0064] An electrode portion configured to provide an electric field to at least one or more of the piezoelectric ceramic portion and the piezoelectric material layer.

[0065] Note 19. The display device according to Note 18 further includes:

[0066] A touch driver configured to sense touch input; and

[0067] A driver configured to control the drive of the vibration generating device.

[0068] The driver is configured to receive a touch input signal from the touch driver regarding a touch input input to the liquid crystal display panel, and to apply power to the electrode portion of the vibration generating device when the touch input signal is received.

[0069] Note 20. The display device according to Note 18 further includes:

[0070] Support member that supports the display device; and

[0071] A panel guide that supports the rear peripheral portion of the display panel and is supported by or housed within the support member.

[0072] Appendix 21. A display device comprising:

[0073] An organic light-emitting display panel, the organic light-emitting display panel including a thin-film transistor substrate; and

[0074] A vibration generating device is located within the organic light-emitting display panel.

[0075] The vibration generating device includes:

[0076] A piezoelectric ceramic component, which is arranged with a certain spacing;

[0077] A piezoelectric material layer, the piezoelectric material layer being located between at least two piezoelectric ceramic portions; and

[0078] An electrode portion configured to provide an electric field to at least one or more of the piezoelectric ceramic portion and the piezoelectric material layer.

[0079] Note 22. The display device according to Note 21 further includes:

[0080] A touch driver configured to sense touch input; and

[0081] A driver configured to control the drive of the vibration generating device.

[0082] The driver is configured to receive a touch input signal from the touch driver regarding a touch input to the organic light-emitting display panel, and to apply power to the electrode portion of the vibration generating device upon receiving the touch input signal.

[0083] Appendix 23. A display device comprising:

[0084] Display panel, the display device being configured to display images; and

[0085] A vibration generating device is located in the display panel.

[0086] The vibration generating device includes:

[0087] A plurality of first parts, wherein the plurality of first parts have piezoelectric properties;

[0088] A plurality of second portions, the plurality of second portions being located between the plurality of first portions; and

[0089] At least one electrode, said at least one electrode being located above said plurality of first portions and said plurality of second portions.

[0090] Note 24. The display device according to Note 23, wherein the plurality of first portions are formed of inorganic materials and the plurality of second portions are formed of organic materials.

[0091] Note 25. The display device according to Note 23, wherein the plurality of first portions and the plurality of second portions are parallel to each other on the same plane, and the dimensions of the plurality of first portions and the plurality of second portions are different from each other.

[0092] Note 26. The display device according to Note 25, wherein the vibration generating device, in which the dimensions of the plurality of first portions are larger than the dimensions of the plurality of second portions, is configured as a sound generating device, a tactile sound generator, or a tactile device.

[0093] Note 27. The display device according to Note 25, wherein the vibration generating device, in which the size of the plurality of first portions is smaller than the size of the plurality of second portions, is configured as a light control device.

[0094] Note 28. The display device according to Note 23 further includes a backlight unit configured to provide a light source to the display panel;

[0095] The vibration generating device is disposed in at least one or more of the following locations: between the backlight unit and the display panel, and on the lower surface of the display panel.

[0096] Note 29. The display device according to Note 28 further includes:

[0097] A touch driver configured to sense touch input; and

[0098] A driver configured to control the drive of the vibration generating device.

[0099] The driver is configured to receive a touch input signal from the touch driver regarding a touch input to the display panel, and to apply power to the at least one electrode when the touch input signal is received.

[0100] Note 30. The display device according to Note 23 further includes:

[0101] A touch sensor, located above the upper surface of the display panel; and

[0102] The front component, located above the touch sensor,

[0103] The vibration generating device is located between the display panel and the touch sensor.

[0104] Note 31. The display device according to Note 30 further includes a polarizing member located between the vibration generating device and the display panel.

[0105] Note 32. The display device according to Note 30 further includes a polarizing member located on the upper surface of the touch sensor.

[0106] Note 33. The display device according to Note 23, wherein the at least one electrode comprises a first electrode located on the lower surface of the vibration generating device and a second electrode located on the upper surface of the vibration generating device.

[0107] Note 34. The display device according to Note 23, wherein the at least one electrode includes a first electrode located on a lower surface of the vibration generating device, a third electrode located on a first surface of at least one of the plurality of first portions, and a fourth electrode located on a second surface of at least one of the plurality of first portions and connected to the first electrode.

[0108] Note 35. The display device according to Note 23, wherein the display panel includes a pixel array substrate and a second substrate located above the pixel array substrate, and the vibration generating device is located in the second substrate.

[0109] Note 36. The display device according to Note 23, wherein the plurality of first portions are arranged in a grid pattern.

[0110] The at least one electrode includes a first electrode located on the lower surface of the vibration generating device and a second electrode located on the upper surface of the vibration generating device.

[0111] Note 37. The display device according to Note 23, wherein at least one of the plurality of first portions is configured to extend along a first direction and have a first dimension.

[0112] The at least one electrode includes a first electrode located on the lower surface of the vibration generating device and a second electrode located on the upper surface of the vibration generating device.

[0113] Note 38. A vehicle comprising:

[0114] The dashboard includes a first area facing the driver's seat, a second area facing the passenger seat, and a third area located between the first area and the second area;

[0115] A dashboard module, comprising a first display located in the first area of ​​the dashboard; and

[0116] An infotainment module including at least one of a second display located in the third area of ​​the dashboard, a third display located in the second area of ​​the dashboard, a fourth display located on the rear surface of the driver's seat, and a fifth display located on the rear surface of the passenger seat.

[0117] Wherein, at least one of the first to fifth displays includes a display device having a vibration generating device, and

[0118] The vibration generating device includes:

[0119] A plurality of first parts, wherein the plurality of first parts have piezoelectric properties;

[0120] A plurality of second portions, the plurality of second portions being located between the plurality of first portions; and

[0121] An electrode, which is located above at least one of the plurality of first portions and the plurality of second portions.

[0122] Note 39. The vehicle according to Note 38, wherein the vibration generating device, in which the dimensions of the plurality of first portions are larger than the dimensions of the plurality of second portions, is located in one of the second display and the third display.

[0123] Note 40. The vehicle according to Note 38, wherein the vibration generating device, the size of which is larger than ...

[0124] Note 41. The vehicle described in Note 38 further includes:

[0125] Front left door, front right door, rear left door, rear right door, rear decor; and

[0126] At least one or more of the following: at least one dashboard speaker located on the dashboard, at least one left front door speaker located on the left front door, at least one right front door speaker located on the right front door, at least one left rear door speaker located on the left rear door, at least one right rear door speaker located on the right rear door, and at least one rear trim speaker located on the rear trim.

[0127] Note 42. The vehicle according to Note 41, wherein the at least one or more speakers include the display device having the vibration generating device. Attached Figure Description

[0128] The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the present disclosure and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application. The drawings illustrate embodiments of the present disclosure and, together with the description, serve to explain the various principles of the present disclosure.

[0129] Figure 1A and Figure 1B This is a diagram illustrating a display device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0130] Figure 2 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a vehicle using a display device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0131] Figure 3 This is a plan view illustrating a vibration generating apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0132] Figure 4 It is along Figure 3 The cross-sectional view taken by line II′ shown.

[0133] Figure 5 This is a diagram illustrating the optical path control function of a vibration generating device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0134] Figure 6 This is a diagram illustrating a display device including a vibration generating apparatus according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0135] Figure 7 This is a diagram illustrating a display device including a vibration generating apparatus according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0136] Figure 8 This is a diagram illustrating a vibration generating device according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0137] Figure 9 It is along Figure 8 The cross-sectional view taken by line II-II′ shown.

[0138] Figure 10 This is a diagram illustrating a vibration generating device according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0139] Figure 11A and Figure 11B This is a diagram illustrating the piezoelectric effect of a vibration generating device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0140] Figure 12 This is a diagram illustrating a display device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0141] Figure 13 It is along Figure 12 The cross-sectional view shown is the section cut from III-III′.

[0142] Figures 14A to 14D This is a diagram illustrating a display device according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0143] Figure 15 This is a diagram illustrating a vibration generating device according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0144] Figure 16 It is along Figure 15 The cross-sectional view shown is the section taken from IV-IV′.

[0145] Figure 17 A graph is shown as an example of a vibration generating device obtained by measuring the transmittance of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0146] Figure 18 A graph is shown as an example of an instrument obtained by measuring the acoustic characteristics of a vibration generating device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0147] Figure 19 This is a diagram illustrating a vibration generating device according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0148] Figure 20 This is a diagram illustrating a vehicle according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0149] Figure 21This is a diagram illustrating a vehicle according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0150] Figure 22 This is a diagram illustrating a vehicle according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0151] Figure 23 This is a diagram illustrating a vehicle according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0152] Figure 24 This is a diagram illustrating a vehicle according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0153] In all the accompanying drawings and detailed descriptions, unless otherwise described, the same reference numerals should be understood to refer to the same elements, features, and structures. For clarity, illustrative purposes, the relative dimensions and illustrations of these elements may be exaggerated. Detailed Implementation

[0154] The present disclosure will now be described in detail with reference to exemplary embodiments thereof, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. In the following description, detailed descriptions of well-known functions or configurations relevant to this document will be omitted where such descriptions would unnecessarily obscure the essential points of the inventive concept. The progression of the described processing steps and / or operations is exemplary; however, the order of steps and / or operations is not limited to the order described herein, except that they must occur in a specific order, and can be varied as is known in the art. Similar reference numerals always denote similar elements. The names of the various elements used in the following description are chosen only for ease of writing and may therefore differ from the names of those elements used in actual products.

[0155] The advantages and features of this disclosure and its implementation methods will be illustrated by the following embodiments described with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, this disclosure may be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of this disclosure to those skilled in the art. Furthermore, this disclosure is limited only by the scope of the claims.

[0156] Furthermore, the shapes, dimensions, ratios, angles, quantities, etc., shown in the accompanying drawings used to describe embodiments of this disclosure are merely examples, and therefore this disclosure is not limited thereto. Similar reference numerals always refer to similar elements. In the following description, detailed descriptions of related known technologies will be omitted when it is determined that such detailed descriptions unnecessarily obscure the focus of this disclosure.

[0157] Terms such as “including,” “having,” “comprising,” “consisting of,” “made up of,” etc., used herein are generally intended to allow for the addition of other components, unless these terms are used in conjunction with the term “only.” Unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular form used herein is intended to include the plural form.

[0158] In interpreting any element or feature of embodiments of this disclosure, it should be understood that any size and relative dimensions of layers, areas, and regions include tolerances or error ranges, even without specific description.

[0159] Spatial relative terms used in this document to describe the relationship between one element or feature and another element or feature, such as “on top of,” “above,” “above,” “below,” “under,” “lower,” “upper,” “near,” “closer,” “adjacent,” etc., are generally intended to allow one or more additional elements to lie between these elements, unless terms such as “directly” or “immediately following” are used directly.

[0160] The time-related terms used in this document to describe the temporal relationship between events, operations, etc., such as “after,” “following,” “next,” “before,” etc., are generally intended to include events, situations, operations, etc., that occur discontinuously, unless terms such as “directly” or “immediately” are used.

[0161] When terms such as "first" and "second" are used herein to describe various elements or components, it should be understood that these elements or components are not limited thereto. These terms are used herein only to distinguish elements from other elements. Therefore, in the technical concept of this disclosure, the first element mentioned below may be a second element.

[0162] This document may use terms such as “first,” “second,” “A,” “B,” “(A),” or “(B)” to describe one or more elements of this disclosure. Each term is not used to define the nature, order, sequence, or number of elements, but only to distinguish the corresponding element from another element. When referring to an element as being “connected to” or “attached to” another element or “in contact” with another element, it should be understood that, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, additional elements may be located between elements or elements may be indirectly connected, attached to, or in contact with each other, and an element may be directly connected to or attached to another element or in direct contact with another element.

[0163] It should be understood that the term "at least one" as used herein can include all combinations obtained by combining one or more related elements. For example, "at least one of the first element, the second element, and the third element" can include all combinations obtained by combining two or more of the first element, the second element, and the third element, as well as the first element, the second element, or the third element.

[0164] As used herein, the term "display device" can include display devices such as liquid crystal modules (LCMs), organic light-emitting display modules (OLED modules), and those including display panels and drivers for driving the display panels. Display devices can also include complete or final products including LCMs, OLED modules, etc., such as notebook computers, televisions, computer monitors, vehicle equipment, automotive equipment, equipment including one or more components or parts for vehicles, and assemblies of electronic equipment (or assemblies or assemblies of devices) including mobile electronic devices such as smartphones and tablets.

[0165] Therefore, the display devices used in this article may include the display devices themselves, such as LCM and OLED modules, as well as application products including LCM and OLED modules or complete sets of equipment used by end users.

[0166] In some implementations or examples, an LCM or OLED module, including a display panel, a driver, etc., can be referred to as a "display device," and an electronic device comprising an LCM or OLED module as a complete product can be referred to as a "kit." For example, a display device may include a display panel of a liquid crystal display (LCD) or an organic light-emitting display (OLED) and a source PCB serving as a controller for driving the display panel. A kit may also include a kit PCB serving as a kit controller for controlling the entire kit, which is electrically connected to the source PCB.

[0167] All types of display panels, such as liquid crystal display panels, organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display panels, and electroluminescent display panels, can be used as the display panel used herein. Embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, the display panel can be a display panel capable of generating sound through vibrations caused by the vibration generating device according to embodiments of this disclosure. There are no limitations on the shape or size of the display panel used in display devices according to embodiments of this disclosure.

[0168] For example, a display panel, which is a liquid crystal display panel, may include multiple gate lines, multiple data lines, and multiple pixels formed in the intersection area of ​​the gate lines and data lines. Furthermore, the display panel may include: an array substrate including thin-film transistors as switching components for adjusting the light transmittance in each pixel; an upper substrate including color filters and / or a black background; and a liquid crystal layer formed between the array substrate and the upper substrate.

[0169] The display panel, as an OLED display panel, may include multiple gate lines, multiple data lines, and multiple pixels formed in the intersection areas of the gate lines and / or data lines. Furthermore, the display panel may include: an array substrate including thin-film transistors as components for selectively applying voltage to each pixel; an OLED layer located above the array substrate; and an encapsulation substrate configured to cover the OLED layer on the array substrate. The encapsulation substrate can protect the thin-film transistors, OLED layer, etc., from external impacts and prevent moisture or oxygen from penetrating into the OLED layer. The layer formed above the array substrate may include an inorganic light-emitting layer, such as a nanoscale material layer and a quantum dot light-emitting layer. As another example, it may include micro-light-emitting diodes.

[0170] The display panel may also include a backing, such as a metal plate, attached to the display panel. It may also include another structure, for example, a different structure formed of different materials.

[0171] Features of the various embodiments of this disclosure may be linked or combined with each other in part or in whole, and may interoperate and be technically driven in various ways as will be fully understood by those skilled in the art. Embodiments of this disclosure may be implemented independently of each other or may be implemented together in an interdependent relationship.

[0172] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. When using reference numerals to denote elements in the drawings, the same elements will be denoted by the same reference numerals, even though these elements are shown in different drawings. The scales of the components shown in the drawings are illustrative for ease of description and may differ from actual scales; therefore, embodiments of this disclosure are not limited to the scales shown in the drawings.

[0173] Figure 1A and Figure 1B A display device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0174] Reference Figure 1A and Figure 1BThe vibration generating device 20 can be applied to a display device to provide tactile or sound generation effects. For example, a piezoelectric actuator using piezoelectric ceramic elements or a voice coil motor (VCM) with high vibration intensity can be used as the vibration generating device 20. Since the vibration generating device 20 using a voice coil motor or piezoelectric ceramic elements is large, thick, and opaque, it can be adapted to be placed on the rear surface of the display device rather than its front surface. Therefore, the amplitude of vibration acceleration felt by the user through the surface of the display device can be reduced. For example, since the piezoelectric actuator can be a stacked actuator in which multiple layers are stacked, when a piezoelectric actuator is implemented in a display device, the thickness of the display device becomes larger and the power consumption increases. When the piezoelectric actuator is configured to have a membrane, such an actuator may suffer from lower sound pressure compared to a voice coil motor. When the vibration generating device is configured with a piezoelectric composite material including piezoelectric ceramic elements, it may not be able to vibrate the display device sufficiently because the piezoelectric composite material vibrates in the horizontal direction (left-right direction) relative to the horizontal direction of the display device, and there is also the problem that the piezoelectric ceramic is prone to breakage.

[0175] Although the vibration generating device 20 using a voice coil motor or piezoelectric actuator takes advantage of the high vibration intensity, the fact that this vibration generating device is an opaque mechanical device leads to the degradation of the performance of the display panel used to display images; as a result, this vibration generating device needs to be placed on the rear surface of the display device.

[0176] Figure 1A An example is a vibration generating device 20 used in an organic light-emitting display (OLED) device.

[0177] Reference Figure 1A The organic light-emitting display device may include an organic light-emitting display panel 10, which includes a substrate 11 having thin-film transistors, organic light-emitting elements 12 disposed above the substrate 11, an encapsulation layer 13, a touch portion 14, and a front member 15. The organic light-emitting display device may also include a backplate 16 serving as a back support structure for the OLED display device. The vibration generating device 20, used to provide tactile effects to the organic light-emitting display device, is an opaque mechanical device; therefore, it can be adapted to be disposed on the rear surface of the display device, for example, the rear surface or inner surface of the backplate 16. Therefore, since the vibration generating device 20 on the rear surface of the organic light-emitting display device has low vibration efficiency, in order to transmit the vibration from the vibration generating device 20 to the front surface of the organic light-emitting display panel 10, it is necessary to generate a strong vibration that allows the user to perceive tactile feedback. As a result, in order to generate a large vibration in the display device, the power consumption for driving the vibration generating device 20 increases.

[0178] Figure 1B An example is a vibration generating device 20 used in a liquid crystal display (LCD) device.

[0179] Reference Figure 1B In this case, the liquid crystal display device may include a liquid crystal display panel 10', which includes a substrate 11 having thin-film transistors and a liquid crystal layer, a touch portion 14 above the substrate 11, and a front member 15. Furthermore, the rear surface of the liquid crystal display panel 10' may further include a backlight unit 17 for providing backlight to the liquid crystal display panel, a bottom cover 18 as a structure for supporting the rear surface of the display device, etc. The vibration generating device 20 applied to the liquid crystal display device is an opaque mechanical device; therefore, the vibration generating device 20 can be adapted to be disposed on the rear surface of the display device, for example, on the rear surface or inner surface of the bottom cover 18. Because the backlight unit is disposed between the vibration generating device 20 and the front surface of the display panel, the vibration generating device 20 has low vibration efficiency in order to transmit vibrations from the vibration generating device 20 to the front surface of the liquid crystal display panel 10'. Therefore, it is necessary to generate strong vibrations for the user to perceive tactile feedback. Consequently, in order to generate strong vibrations in the display device, the power consumption for driving the vibration generating device 20 increases. The inventors recognized the need to develop a vibration generating device capable of providing tactile effects (tactile vibrations) or sound effects to display devices.

[0180] Figure 2 An example is a vehicle in which a display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is applied.

[0181] Figure 2 An example is illustrated by the phenomenon of a reflected image being displayed on a vehicle's windshield. A vehicle display 30 of a predetermined size (such as a navigation device for guiding the vehicle or a display device for providing information to the user) may be located in or to the right of the instrument cluster inside the vehicle. The vehicle display 30 may be a vehicle infotainment device for providing various information to the driver, and vehicle displays 30 of a predetermined size or larger are typically positioned in front of or to the front of the driver or passenger. When such a vehicle display 30 is used, light emitted from the display can be reflected by the inner surface of the windshield on the front surface of the vehicle, and there is a possibility that the reflected light may obstruct the vehicle's forward view. For example, a liquid crystal display device or an organic light-emitting display device may be used as the vehicle display 30. Since such a display device has a specific viewing angle equal to or greater than a predetermined value, a portion of the light emitted from the display device can be reflected by the inner surface of the windshield 32, which serves as the vehicle's front glass, thereby making the reflected image 30' visible. As a result, there is a possibility that the view ahead of the vehicle may be obstructed by reflected light from the windshield. In dark environments (such as at night or in tunnels), this phenomenon may cause serious problems for driving the vehicle. Therefore, it is necessary to cut off a specific amount of light from the light emitted from the vehicle's display device that is traveling toward the vehicle's windshield.

[0182] The inventors recognized the aforementioned problems and conducted various experiments to improve vibration performance / characteristics, sound quality / characteristics, and tactile effects. Through these experiments, the inventors realized the need to use piezoelectric ceramics to generate the desired vibration characteristics, and the need to form organic materials to compensate for the brittleness of the piezoelectric ceramics and achieve both rigidity and flexibility. Therefore, the inventors invented a vibration generating device capable of simultaneously providing vibration characteristics / performance or tactile characteristics / effects when disposed on the front or inner surface of a display device and capable of controlling the optical path, a display device including the vibration generating device, and a vehicle including the vibration generating device.

[0183] In the following text, for ease of description, the vibration generating device will be discussed as an equivalent to a piezoelectric optical device.

[0184] In the following discussion, with reference to the accompanying drawings, a vibration generating device according to embodiments of the present disclosure, a display device including the vibration generating device, and a vehicle including the vibration generating device will be discussed.

[0185] Figure 3 This is a plan view illustrating a vibration generating device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 4 Examples are shown along Figure 3 A cross-sectional view of the vibration generating device taken from line I-I'.

[0186] Reference Figure 3 and Figure 4 The vibration generating device 100 may include one or more piezoelectric ceramic portions 110, a piezoelectric material layer 120 located between the piezoelectric ceramic portions 110, and an electrode portion 130 that provides an electric field to at least one or more of the piezoelectric ceramic portions 110 and the piezoelectric material layer 120 for providing piezoelectric characteristics / effects.

[0187] For example, the vibration generating device 100 may include a plurality of piezoelectric ceramic portions 110 spaced apart from each other by a predetermined pitch P and extending in a first direction X with a first width W and a first thickness T; an electrode portion 130 including a first electrode 132 on a first surface of each piezoelectric ceramic portion and a second electrode 134 on a second surface of each piezoelectric ceramic portion; and a piezoelectric material layer 120 between the plurality of piezoelectric ceramic portions. The piezoelectric ceramic portions 110 may be a first portion, and the piezoelectric material layer 120 may be a second portion. For example, the piezoelectric material layer 120 may be formed of a transparent piezoelectric material layer to achieve transparency.

[0188] Each piezoelectric ceramic portion 110 may have a first width W and be in the form of a strip extending in a first direction (X-axis direction) of the vibration generating device 100. Multiple piezoelectric ceramic portions 110 may be arranged spaced apart from each other at predetermined intervals (e.g., pitch P).

[0189] The first direction (X-axis direction) may be the long axis direction of the display device, but the embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, the first direction (X-axis direction) may be the direction from the center of the display device towards the point where the device is generated according to... Figure 2 The reflector's direction of reflecting light is perpendicular to the direction of the reflector. For example, when a display device using a vibration generating device according to an embodiment of this disclosure is installed... Figure 2 In the vehicle shown, the vertical direction from the display device toward the vehicle windshield can be the Y-axis direction; the horizontal direction perpendicular to it can be the X-axis direction; and the first direction that is the extension direction of the piezoelectric ceramic part 110 can be the X-axis direction.

[0190] As shown below Figure 5 As described in detail, the piezoelectric ceramic portion 110 used in the vibration generating apparatus according to embodiments of the present disclosure can not only provide a strong piezoelectric effect (e.g., vibration), but also block or cut off the light path through the opaque portion. Therefore, when the piezoelectric ceramic portion 110 extends in the first direction, the piezoelectric ceramic portion 110 can selectively block light traveling from the display device to the reflector; thus, the desired light path control function can be achieved.

[0191] The piezoelectric ceramic portion 110 according to embodiments of the present disclosure can be formed of a material having opaque optical properties that prevent light transmission and relatively strong piezoelectric properties. For example, the piezoelectric ceramic portion 110 can be formed of materials such as polycrystalline PZT-based ceramic materials, polycrystalline PT-based ceramic materials, PZT composite perovskite materials, BaTiO3, etc.; however, embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, the piezoelectric ceramic portion 110 can be formed of a piezoelectric material or a piezoelectric ceramic fiber material having opaque optical properties that prevent light transmission and relatively strong piezoelectric properties.

[0192] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the piezoelectric ceramic portion 110 can be configured as a film having a predetermined thickness, and the piezoelectric material layer 120 can be located between multiple piezoelectric ceramic portions, for example, entirely within at least a portion of the remaining space of the vibration generating device 100 excluding the piezoelectric ceramic portion 110. For example, when the vibration generating device 100 is formed as a film, because the vibration generating device 100 can have a smaller thickness than the display panel, the thickness of the display panel can be prevented from increasing due to the vibration generating device 100. The vibration generating device 100 can use the display panel as a vibrating plate. For example, the vibration generating device 100 can be represented by a sound generating module, a sound generating device / equipment, a membrane actuator, a membrane-type piezoelectric composite actuator, a membrane loudspeaker, a membrane-piezoelectric loudspeaker, or a membrane-piezoelectric composite loudspeaker, etc.; however, embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0193] The piezoelectric material layer 120 can be formed of a transparent piezoelectric material having a certain level or higher light transmittance. For example, the transparent piezoelectric material layer 120 can be formed of at least one or more materials selected from polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyvinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene (P(VDF-TrFE)), relaxor ferroelectric polymers, PVDF polymers doped with P(VDF-TrFe-CFE), P(VDF-TrFE-CTFE), CNTs, etc., and polybis(trifluoroethoxy)phosphazene; however, embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, other polymer materials can be used as the piezoelectric material layer 120, as long as they have a certain level or higher light transmittance and piezoelectricity. The piezoelectric characteristics of the piezoelectric material layer 120 can be lower than those of the piezoelectric ceramic portion 110.

[0194] The vibration generating apparatus 100 according to embodiments of the present disclosure may include an electrode portion 130 for providing an electric field to the piezoelectric ceramic portion 110 and the transparent piezoelectric material layer 120 that can cause a piezoelectric effect. The electrode portion 130 may include a first electrode 132 on a first surface of at least one of the piezoelectric ceramic portions 110 and a second electrode 134 on a second surface of at least one of the piezoelectric ceramic portions 110. The vibration generating apparatus 100 may further include a third electrode 136 electrically connected to the second electrode 134 and disposed on the entire surface (or the entire surface of at least one side surface) of one side of the piezoelectric ceramic portion 110 and the piezoelectric material layer 120. The third electrode 136 may be a transparent electrode.

[0195] Reference Figure 4 The first electrode 132 may be disposed on the first side surface 112 and the upper surface 114 of at least one of the piezoelectric ceramic portions 110. The second electrode 134 may be disposed on the second side surface 116 of at least one of the piezoelectric ceramic portions 110. The first electrode 132 may be disposed in a different manner than the second electrode 134. For example, the first electrode 132 may be disposed only on the first side surface 112 of at least one of the piezoelectric ceramic portions 110. The second electrode 134 may be disposed only on the second side surface 116 of at least one of the piezoelectric ceramic portions 110, or the second electrode 134 may be disposed on both the second side surface 116 and the upper surface 114 of at least one of the piezoelectric ceramic portions 110.

[0196] The first electrode 132 and the second electrode 134 constituting the electrode section 130 can be formed of an opaque metallic electrode material. For example, the first electrode 132 and the second electrode 134 can be formed of a metallic material or an alloy of copper (Cu), aluminum (Al), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), nickel-phosphorus (Ni-P), tungsten (W), platinum (Pt), and silver (Ag). The third electrode 136 constituting the electrode section 130 can be electrically connected to the second electrode 134 and is disposed on the entire surface (or the entire surface of at least one side surface) of at least one of the transparent piezoelectric material layer 120 and the piezoelectric ceramic section 110. The third electrode 136 can be formed of a transparent conductive material such as ITO (indium tin oxide) or IZO (indium zinc oxide).

[0197] Reference Figure 3 The driver 150 of the vibration generating device 100 can apply electricity or voltage to at least one of the transparent piezoelectric material layer 120 and the piezoelectric ceramic part 110 via multiple first connecting lines 152 and second connecting lines 154, resulting in a piezoelectric effect. The multiple first connecting lines 152 are connected to multiple first electrodes 132 spaced apart from each other, and the second connecting lines 154 are connected to a third electrode 136 on the front surface of the vibration generating device 100. When the third electrode 136 is used, the number of wires connected between the driver 150 and the electrode part 130 can be reduced.

[0198] The vibration generating device 100 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure can provide vibration to the display panel based on touch input input by a user to the display device. The driver 150 can receive touch input sensing signals obtained by sensing the display panel from the touch driver 210 used in the display device on which the vibration generating device 100 is provided, thereby applying power to the electrode portion 130 of the vibration generating device 100 to cause the vibration generating device 100 to generate vibrations above a certain level. The driver 150 can be included in the touch driver 210 in the display device, or it can be provided separately from the touch driver.

[0199] In addition to the piezoelectric effect, the vibration generating device 100 according to the embodiments of the present disclosure needs to generate the piezoelectric effect, and in addition to the piezoelectric effect, it also has a light control function for blocking or controlling the path of light emitted from the display device. In order for the vibration generating device 100 to have both vibration characteristics and light control characteristics while maintaining transparency, the piezoelectric ceramic part 110 can be configured to have a pitch P, a first width W, and a first thickness T.

[0200] like Figure 3As shown, the pitch P of the piezoelectric ceramic portion 110 can be the spacing or distance between the piezoelectric ceramic portions 110, or the separation distance between piezoelectric ceramic portions 110 extending in a second direction (Y-axis direction) perpendicular to the first direction. The first width W of the piezoelectric ceramic portion 110 can be the width of each piezoelectric ceramic portion in a plan view, or the width of each piezoelectric ceramic portion 110 extending in the second direction perpendicular to the first direction. The first thickness T of the piezoelectric ceramic portion 110 can be the height or depth of the piezoelectric ceramic portion in the thickness direction (i.e., the direction perpendicular to both the X-axis and Y-axis directions) of the vibration generating device according to the embodiment of the present disclosure. In this case, the pitch P of the piezoelectric ceramic portion can be greater than the first width W of the piezoelectric ceramic portion, and the first thickness T of the piezoelectric ceramic portion can be greater than the pitch P, so as to maintain vibration characteristics and light control characteristics while maintaining minimum transparency characteristics.

[0201] The pitch P, first width W, and first thickness T of the piezoelectric ceramic part 110 will be discussed below.

[0202] For example, to prevent each piezoelectric ceramic portion 110 extending in the first direction from being visible to the user in a strip shape, the first width W of the piezoelectric ceramic portion can be 30 μm or less, approximately 20 μm or less, or approximately 10 μm. The pitch P of the piezoelectric ceramic portion 110 can be no less than twice the first width W and no more than five times the first width W, for example, approximately 30 μm. If the pitch P of the piezoelectric ceramic portion 110 is equal to or less than twice the first width W, the arrangement spacing between the piezoelectric ceramic portions is too small, and therefore, the transparency of the vibration generating device may deteriorate. Furthermore, if the pitch P of the piezoelectric ceramic portion 110 is equal to or greater than five times the first width W, the light control function for blocking light in the desired second direction may not be satisfied.

[0203] The first thickness T of the piezoelectric ceramic portion 110 can be no less than twice the pitch P and no more than four times the pitch P, for example, approximately 100 μm. If the first thickness T of the piezoelectric ceramic portion 110 is equal to or less than twice the pitch P, the desired light-blocking effect in the second direction may not be sufficiently ensured due to the reduction in the overall thickness of the vibration generating device. If the first thickness T of the piezoelectric ceramic portion 110 is equal to or greater than four times the pitch P, not only can the overall transmittance be reduced when light from the display device also travels forward, but the viewing angle of the display device can also be reduced.

[0204] Therefore, by adjusting the first width W of the piezoelectric ceramic part to 30 μm or less, for example, 20 μm or less; the pitch P to be no less than twice the first width W and no more than five times the first width W; and the first thickness T to be no less than twice the pitch P and no more than four times the pitch P, the desired light control characteristics can be ensured while maintaining the minimum transparency characteristics of the vibration generating device.

[0205] The vibration generating device according to embodiments of the present disclosure may further include protective layers 142 and 144, which cover at least one of the upper and lower surfaces of at least one of the piezoelectric ceramic portion 110 and the transparent piezoelectric material layer 120. Protective layers 142 and 144 may cover and protect the electrode portion 130 of the vibration generating device and improve insulation between the electrodes.

[0206] Figure 3 From Figure 4 A floor plan viewed from below. Figure 4 It is, for example, a cross-sectional view in the direction of light incidence. A plurality of piezoelectric ceramic portions 110 and electrode portions 130 are provided, extending in a first direction and spaced apart from each other by a predetermined pitch P, and a protective layer 142 is provided on the entire surface (or the entire surface of at least one side surface) of one side of the piezoelectric ceramic portion 110 and the electrode portion 130.

[0207] According to embodiments of this disclosure, since the first electrode 132 and the second electrode 134 of the electrode portion are configured to surround at least one of the piezoelectric ceramic portion 110, the light-shielding / blocking effect can be improved, and the piezoelectric characteristics can also be improved, by increasing the intensity of the electric field applied to the piezoelectric ceramic portion 110 and the piezoelectric material layer 120. Since the third electrode 136, disposed on the entire surface (or the entire surface of at least one side surface) of one side of the vibration generating device, serves as a transparent electrode, this presents the advantage of easily applying a voltage to the second electrode 134.

[0208] When placed near or around the display panel of a liquid crystal display device or an organic light-emitting display device, according to Figure 3 and Figure 4 The vibration generating device 100 of the embodiment can allow light from the display device to pass through, so that the light can travel in a predetermined path, and provide tactile vibration through the piezoelectric effect of the piezoelectric ceramic part and the piezoelectric material layer caused by the voltage difference applied to the electrode part.

[0209] Figure 5 The optical path control function of a vibration generating device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0210] The vibration generating device 100 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a piezoelectric ceramic portion 110 and a first electrode 132 and a second electrode 134 located on the piezoelectric ceramic portion 110. The first electrode 132 and the second electrode 134 may be formed of an opaque material and block or shield light.

[0211] Reference Figure 5In the light emitted from the display device, light L1 traveling along the second direction (Y-axis direction) of the light reflector that causes the reflection problem can be blocked by the piezoelectric ceramic part 110, etc., while light L2 in the second direction (Y-axis direction) can only be transmitted within a predetermined viewing angle range. Therefore, since the light from the display device does not reach the light reflector through the light control function of the vibration generating device 100, the problem of the light from the display device being reflected by light reflectors such as vehicle windshields can be solved.

[0212] Figure 6 An example of a display device includes a vibration generating apparatus according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0213] Reference Figure 6 The liquid crystal display device may include a liquid crystal display panel 300 having a thin-film transistor substrate, a backlight unit 220 for providing backlight to the liquid crystal display panel 300, and according to Figure 3 and Figure 4 The vibration generating device 100 of the embodiment. The vibration generating device 100 may be disposed in at least one or more of the following locations: between the backlight unit 220 and the liquid crystal display panel 300, on the upper surface of the liquid crystal display panel 300, and on the lower surface of the liquid crystal display panel 300.

[0214] The liquid crystal display panel 300 may include an array substrate having thin-film transistors, an upper substrate including a color filter and / or a black background, and a liquid crystal material layer between the array substrate and the upper substrate. The liquid crystal display panel 300 can be a display panel in which the orientation state of the liquid crystal material layer can be adjusted according to an electric field applied between two electrodes in a pixel region, thereby allowing an image to be displayed based on a transmittance adjusted according to the orientation state of the liquid crystal material layer. The liquid crystal display panel 300 may include a display area AA for providing an image to a user and a non-display area NA serving as a peripheral area of ​​the display area AA. The liquid crystal display panel 300 can be manufactured by attaching or combining a first substrate as an array substrate and a second substrate as an upper substrate. The array substrate has thin-film transistors (TFTs) and defines at least one pixel region, and the upper substrate has a black background and / or a color filter layer.

[0215] The array substrate or first substrate on which at least one thin-film transistor is formed may further include a plurality of gate lines GL extending in a first direction and a plurality of data lines DL extending in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, and each gate line and each data line may define a pixel region P. At least one thin-film transistor may be formed in a pixel region P, and the gate or source of each thin-film transistor may be connected to the gate line and the data line, respectively.

[0216] The backlight unit 220 may include a light source 221, a light guide plate 224 for extending light from the light source to the front surface of the display panel, and a reflector plate 222 for reflecting light toward the liquid crystal display panel 300. One or more optical sheets 226 may be further disposed on the upper part of the light guide plate 224, and the optical sheets may include light diffusers for diffusing light, optical prisms for converging light, etc.

[0217] Figure 7 A display device including a vibration generating apparatus is illustrated according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0218] Reference Figure 7 The liquid crystal display device may include a liquid crystal display panel 300 having a thin-film transistor substrate, a backlight unit 220 for providing backlight to the liquid crystal display panel 300, and a device according to... Figure 3 and Figure 4 The vibration generating device 100 of the embodiment. The vibration generating device 100 may be disposed in at least one or more of the following locations: between the backlight unit 220 and the liquid crystal display panel 300, on the upper surface of the liquid crystal display panel 300, and on the lower surface of the liquid crystal display panel 300.

[0219] The vibration generating device 100 may also include one or more optical prism sheets 160, which converge light to improve light transmission efficiency and are disposed on the entire surface of a surface on which light is incident, for example, between the backlight unit 220 and the liquid crystal display panel 300. The optical prism sheets 160 may include various functional sheets, such as reflective polarizing films for brightness enhancement. A reflective polarizing film is an optical film that transmits only light vibrating in one direction from natural light incident simultaneously in various ways and reflects light vibrating in other directions. The reflective polarizing film may include a brightness enhancement film called a dual brightness enhancement film (DBEF).

[0220] Figure 7 The LCD panel 300 can have the same as Figure 6 The same configuration as described in [the document]. Figure 7 The backlight unit 220 in this embodiment may also include a light source 221, a light guide plate 224 for extending light from the light source to the front of the liquid crystal display panel 300, a reflector 222 for reflecting light toward the liquid crystal display panel 300, etc. Although not shown, except for the optical prism sheet 160 in the vibration generating device 100, Figure 7 The backlight unit 220 of the embodiment may also include an optical sheet such as an additional diffuser plate.

[0221] As used herein, the term "display device" can include not only display devices that include a display panel and a driver for driving the display panel, such as liquid crystal modules (LCMs) or organic light-emitting modules, but also assemblies of electronic devices or assemblies that are end products including such LCMs or organic light-emitting modules, such as notebook computers, televisions, computer monitors, and mobile electronic devices such as smartphones or tablets. For example, the term "display device" herein can include not only display devices in the narrow range such as LCMs, but also assemblies that are application products including display devices.

[0222] As another embodiment, an organic light-emitting display device can be provided, comprising: an organic light-emitting display panel including a thin-film transistor substrate, and a vibration generating device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the vibration generating device being disposed on the front surface of the organic light-emitting display panel. The organic light-emitting (OLED) display panel can be a single assembled display panel formed by combining or integrating multiple layers, such as a light-emitting panel layer serving as a glass substrate including organic light-emitting elements, thin-film transistors (TFTs), etc., and an encapsulation layer, into a single panel.

[0223] Liquid crystal display devices and organic light-emitting display devices can also include touch drivers for detecting touch input from the user. Figure 3 The device includes a touch driver 210 and a driver 150 for controlling the drive of the vibration generating device 100. The driver 150 can receive touch input sensing signals obtained by sensing the liquid crystal display panel or the organic light-emitting display panel from the touch driver 210 of the display device, and then apply power to the electrode portion 130 of the vibration generating device 100 when it receives the touch input sensing signals.

[0224] Figure 8 A vibration generating apparatus according to another embodiment of the present disclosure is illustrated. Figure 9 Examples are shown along Figure 8 A cross-sectional view of the vibration generating device taken from line II-II′.

[0225] Reference Figure 8 and Figure 9 The vibration generating device 1100 may include a piezoelectric ceramic portion 1110, a piezoelectric material layer 1120, and an electrode portion 1130. The piezoelectric ceramic portion 1110 includes a plurality of piezoelectric ceramic grids having a predetermined first width W. The piezoelectric material layer 1120 is located in at least one piezoelectric ceramic grid of the piezoelectric ceramic portion 1110. The electrode portion 1130 includes a first electrode 1132 and a second electrode 1134 located on the upper and lower surfaces of the piezoelectric ceramic portion 1110 and the piezoelectric material layer 1120, respectively. The first electrode 1132 and the second electrode 1134 may be transparent electrodes.

[0226] When with Figure 3 When comparing the implementation methods, Figure 8 and Figure 9 The piezoelectric ceramic portion 1110 of the vibration generating device 1100 shown does not have the form of a strip extending in the first direction, but rather a grid or matrix pattern on the front surface of the vibration generating device. Furthermore, the two electrodes of the electrode portion 1130 are not disposed on the surface of the piezoelectric ceramic portion, but are respectively disposed on two opposite sides of the vibration generating device.

[0227] Reference Figure 3 The description of the implementation methods can be applied substantially equivalently or similarly to other methods. Figure 8 and Figure 9 The materials of the piezoelectric ceramic part 1110, pitch P, first width W, and first thickness T of the vibration generating device 1100, as well as the material of the piezoelectric material layer 1120, can therefore be omitted.

[0228] in addition, Figure 8 and Figure 9 The vibration generating device 1100 can be applied to liquid crystal display devices or organic light-emitting display devices, and optical prisms can be applied to... Figure 8 and Figure 9 Vibration generating device 1100 and above reference Figure 3 The given descriptions are basically similar, so they can be omitted.

[0229] exist Figure 8 In the vibration generating device 1100 shown in the figure, since the piezoelectric ceramic part 1110 is arranged in a grid pattern, it can block light in both the first and second directions, thereby improving the light blocking characteristics. For example, since light can only pass through in front of the display device at a predetermined viewing angle, it can further suppress light from passing through. Figure 2 The phenomenon shown is a reflection image. Furthermore, when a voltage is supplied to generate a piezoelectric vibration effect, it is necessary to supply voltage only to the first electrode 1132 and the second electrode 1134 formed on the two surfaces of the vibration generating device 1100; therefore, the structure of the connection line between the driver and the electrodes can be simplified.

[0230] Figure 10 A vibration generating apparatus according to another embodiment of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0231] Reference Figure 10The vibration generating device 2100 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may include a plurality of piezoelectric ceramic portions 2110 spaced apart from each other by a pitch P and extending in a first direction with a first width W and a first thickness T, a piezoelectric material layer 2120 located between the plurality of piezoelectric ceramic portions 2110, and an electrode portion including a first electrode and a second electrode respectively disposed on the upper and lower surfaces of the piezoelectric ceramic portions 2110 and the piezoelectric material layer 2120. The first electrode and the second electrode may be transparent electrodes.

[0232] Figure 10 The vibration generating device 2100 can be Figure 3 The arrangement of the piezoelectric ceramic part and the piezoelectric material layer of the vibration generating device and Figure 8 and Figure 9 The combination of electrode configurations in the middle.

[0233] right Figure 10 The descriptions of the material of the piezoelectric ceramic part 2110, pitch P, first width W, and first thickness T of the vibration generating device 2100, as well as the material of the piezoelectric material layer 2220, are basically similar to those described above. Figure 3 The given description can therefore be omitted.

[0234] in addition, Figure 10 The vibration generating device 2100 is used in liquid crystal display devices or organic light-emitting display devices, and the optical prism sheet is used in… Figure 10 The vibration generating device 1100 is basically similar to the one mentioned above. Figure 3 The given description can therefore be omitted.

[0235] because Figure 10 The vibration generating device 2100 can produce a light blocking effect in the first direction, therefore, according to... Figure 8 and Figure 9 Compared to the vibration generating device of the embodiment described above, it has the advantage of higher light transmittance, and another advantage of simplifying the structure of the process for forming the electrode portion and the structure of the connecting line between the driver and the electrode.

[0236] Figure 11A and Figure 11B The piezoelectric effect of a vibration generating device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0237] Figure 11A Examples of formation in Figure 3 The strengths of the electric fields E1 and E2 between the two electrodes of the vibration generating device, and the piezoelectric properties based on the electric field strength. Figure 11B Examples of formation in Figure 8 or Figure 10 The strength of the electric field E3 between the two electrodes of the vibration generating device and the piezoelectric properties based on the electric field strength.

[0238] Reference Figure 11A ,exist Figure 3 In the vibration generating device, a first electric field E1 can be formed between the first electrode 132 disposed on the first surface of the piezoelectric ceramic part 110 and the second electrode 134 disposed on the second surface of the piezoelectric ceramic part 110, and the piezoelectric ceramic part 110 can be mechanically deformed by the first electric field E1. Because Figure 3 The distance between the first electrode 132 and the second electrode 134 of the vibration generating device is small due to the first width W of the piezoelectric ceramic part 110, so there is a possibility that a strong first electric field E1 can be formed between the two electrodes even when an equal potential difference is applied.

[0239] Reference Figure 11B ,exist Figure 8 or Figure 10 In the vibration generating device, since the electrode part includes a first electrode 1132 and a second electrode 1134 respectively disposed on the entire surface of the two surfaces of the vibration generating device, a third electric field E3 can be formed between the first electrode 1132 and the second electrode 1134 by applying a voltage, and the piezoelectric ceramic part (1110 or 2110) and the piezoelectric material layer (1120 or 2220) can vibrate by the third electric field E3.

[0240] Furthermore, as shown in Table 1 below, it can be seen that the piezoelectric properties of the material of the piezoelectric ceramic part 110 are superior to those of the material of the piezoelectric material layer 120. Therefore, in Figure 3 In the case of a vibration generating device, even if an equal potential difference is provided between the two electrodes, with Figure 8 and Figure 10 Compared to vibration-generating devices, it can also exhibit stronger piezoelectric properties. Therefore, Figure 3 The vibration generating device can achieve stronger vibration characteristics with the same power, or reduce the power consumption required for a specific vibration effect.

[0241] In Table 1 below, (1) represents a VCM piezoelectric actuator; (2) represents a piezoelectric ceramic material; (3) represents a piezoelectric ceramic and piezoelectric material layer according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; and (4) represents a transparent piezoelectric polymer material.

[0242] [Table 1]

[0243] characteristic (1) (2) (3) (4) thickness 5mm or larger 500μm~1mm 300μm or smaller 200μm or smaller Light transmittance 0％ 0％ 75％ 90％ Vibration acceleration 10G or larger 7G or larger ～3G ～1G Drive voltage 5V~10V 30V or less 50V~100V 400V or higher Flexible none none have have

[0244] As shown in Table 1, it can be seen that, compared with each of the VCM actuator (1), piezoelectric ceramic (2), or transparent piezoelectric polymer (4), the piezoelectric ceramic and piezoelectric material layer (3) formed by the vibration generating device according to the embodiments of the present disclosure, which comprises a piezoelectric ceramic part and a piezoelectric material layer between the piezoelectric ceramic parts or between the piezoelectric ceramic grids of the piezoelectric ceramic parts, have piezoelectric properties (~3G), higher light transmittance (>75%) and flexibility with a thin thickness (<300μm).

[0245] Therefore, even when placed near or around a display panel such as a liquid crystal display device or an organic light-emitting display device, the vibration generating apparatus according to the embodiments of this disclosure can allow light from the display device to pass through, so that the light can travel in a predetermined path, and provide tactile vibration through the piezoelectric effect of the piezoelectric ceramic portion and the piezoelectric material layer caused by the voltage difference applied to the electrode portion. For example, by making the vibration generating apparatus of this article have a structure including a piezoelectric ceramic portion and a piezoelectric material layer between the piezoelectric ceramic portions or between the piezoelectric ceramic grids of the piezoelectric ceramic portions, and having, for example Figure 3 The arrangement of the electrodes, the size or arrangement of the piezoelectric ceramic parts, etc., can optimize light control characteristics and provide vibration to the display panel.

[0246] Figure 12 A vibration generating apparatus according to another embodiment of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0247] Reference Figure 12 The display device 50 according to embodiments of the present disclosure may include a display module 500 and a support member 800. Here, the support member may be a structure, mechanism, unit / element, or configuration that supports the display device, display panel, or any component, module, or element in the display device or display panel. The display device 50 may output sound SW (or display vibration sound) based on the vibration of the display module 500 used to display images. Therefore, the display device 50 according to embodiments of the present disclosure can provide sound by using the display module 500 as a vibrating plate for generating sound, thereby providing sound SW to the front FD of the display screen of the display module 500, and thus providing improved sound quality or an improved immersive experience for the user or viewer.

[0248] Figure 13 It is along Figure 12 The cross-sectional view shown is the section cut from III-III′.

[0249] Reference Figure 13 The display device 50 according to the embodiments of the present disclosure may include a display panel 600, a vibration generating device 700, a support member 800, and a panel guide 900.

[0250] Display panel 600 is a device configured to display images (e.g., electronic or digital images) and can be implemented using any type of panel, including liquid crystal display panels, organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display panels, electroluminescent display panels, etc. Display panel 600 can display images using light emitted from backlight unit 320. Display panel 600 can output sound SW to the front area FD of display panel 600 or provide tactile vibration to display panel 600 using vibrations according to vibrations generated by vibration generating device 700. Vibration generating device 700 can be located between display panel 600 and support member 800.

[0251] For example, the display panel 600 may include an upper substrate 611, a lower substrate 613, a lower polarizing member 615, and an upper polarizing member 617.

[0252] The upper substrate 611 (thin-film transistor array substrate) may include a pixel array comprising multiple pixels in various pixel regions defined by multiple gate lines and multiple data lines. Each of the multiple pixels may include a thin-film transistor electrically connected to the gate line or data line, a pixel electrode connected to the thin-film transistor, and a common electrode disposed adjacent to the pixel electrode and provided with a common voltage.

[0253] The upper substrate 611 may also include pad portions in its first peripheral portion and gating drive circuitry in its second peripheral portion. In this document, the pad portions may be formed using multiple chips, pads, or traces.

[0254] The pad portion can provide signals supplied from the outside to the pixel array and the gating drive circuit. For example, the pad portion can include multiple data pads connected to multiple data lines via multiple data link lines and multiple gating input pads connected to the gating drive circuit via gating control signal lines. A first peripheral portion of the upper substrate 611 including the pad portion can protrude from the corresponding side surface of the first peripheral portion of the lower substrate 613, and the pad portion can be exposed toward the support member 800 in a rearward direction. For example, the size of the upper substrate 611 can be larger than the size of the lower substrate 613.

[0255] The gating drive circuit can be embedded (or integrated) into a second peripheral portion of the upper substrate 611, for example, to connect to multiple gating lines in a one-to-one relationship. For instance, the gating drive circuit can be a shift register comprising transistors formed through the same process as forming thin-film transistors in the pixel region. As another example, the gating drive circuit can be in the panel drive circuitry without being embedded (or integrated) into the upper substrate 611.

[0256] The lower substrate 613 (color filter array substrate) may include a pattern (e.g., a pixel defining pattern) having an opening region and a color filter layer disposed in the opening region, the opening region overlapping with each pixel region disposed on the upper substrate 611. The size of the lower substrate 613 may be smaller than the size of the upper substrate 611. For example, the lower substrate 613 may overlap with a portion of the upper substrate 611 other than the first peripheral portion. The lower substrate 613 may be attached to the upper substrate 611 except for the first peripheral portion. The lower substrate 613 may be attached to the upper substrate 611 except for the first peripheral portion using a sealant, and a liquid crystal layer is present between the lower substrate and the upper substrate.

[0257] The liquid crystal layer may be located between the upper substrate 611 and the lower substrate 613, and may include liquid crystal molecules whose orientation is changed based on the electric field generated from the data voltage and the common voltage applied to the pixel electrode in each pixel.

[0258] The lower polarizing member 615 is attached to the lower surface of the lower substrate 613 and can polarize the light irradiated from the backlight unit 320 and traveling toward the liquid crystal layer. The upper polarizing member 617 is attached to the upper surface of the upper substrate 611 and can polarize the light passing through the upper substrate 611 and output to the outside.

[0259] Therefore, the display panel 600 according to the embodiments of the present disclosure can drive the liquid crystal layer according to the electric field generated from the data voltage and the common voltage applied to the pixel electrode in each pixel, thereby using light passing through the liquid crystal layer to display an image. Thus, in the display panel 600 according to the embodiments of the present disclosure, since the upper substrate 611, which serves as a thin-film transistor array substrate, constitutes the image display surface, the entire front surface of the display panel 600 can be exposed outwards without being covered by a separate structure or mechanism.

[0260] In another embodiment of the display panel 600 according to the present disclosure, the upper substrate 611 may be a color filter array substrate, and the lower substrate 613 may be a thin-film transistor array substrate. Therefore, the display panel 600 according to another embodiment of the present disclosure may have a configuration in which the upper and lower portions of the display panel 600 according to the embodiment of the present disclosure are reversed. In this case, the pad portion of the display panel 600 according to the other embodiment may be covered by a separate structure or mechanism.

[0261] In some embodiments, the display device 50 may further include a sealing member 650. The sealing member 650 may cover each side surface of the display panel 600. The sealing member 650 may cover each side surface and each corner of the display panel 600. The sealing member 650 may protect at least one side surface of the display panel 600 from external impacts, or may prevent light leakage through at least one side surface of the display panel 600 (i.e., "side surface light leakage"). In some embodiments, the sealing member 650 may be formed of a silicone-based sealant or an ultraviolet (UV) curable sealant (or resin). Considering process cycle time, the sealing member 650 may include a UV-curable sealant. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the sealing member 650 may be colored (e.g., blue, red, cyan, or black). However, embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, the sealing member 650 may be formed of a colored resin or a light-shielding resin to prevent side surface light leakage.

[0262] In some embodiments, at least a portion of the upper surface of the sealing member 650 may be covered by the upper polarizing member 617. For example, the upper polarizing member 617 may include an extension that extends longitudinally from the outer surface of the upper substrate 611 to cover at least a portion of the front surface of the sealing member 650 and is attached to at least a portion of the front surface of the sealing member 650. Therefore, the mating surface (or boundary portion) between the sealing member 650 and the upper substrate 611 may be hidden by the extension of the upper polarizing member 617 and may not be exposed in the forward region where the viewer is located in front of the display device. For example, the front surface of the display panel 600 may be exposed in the forward region FD in front of the display device without being covered by a separate mechanism, and light leakage through the surface of the display panel 600 may be prevented without the sealing member 650. Therefore, as a configuration of the display device, the sealing member 650 may have a structure in which the entire front surface of the display panel 600 is exposed in the forward region FD to eliminate or reduce the bezel width (i.e., edge area) of the display device.

[0263] In some embodiments, the backlight unit 320 may be disposed on the rear surface of the display panel 600 and may illuminate the rear surface of the display panel 600. The backlight unit 320 may include a light guide plate 324, a light source, a reflective sheet 322, and an optical sheet 326.

[0264] The light guide plate 324 may be configured to overlap with the display panel 600 and include a light incident surface on the sidewall of the light guide plate 324. The light guide plate 324 may include a light-transmitting plastic or glass material. The light guide plate 324 can transmit (or output) light incident from a light source through the light incident surface to the display panel 600.

[0265] The light source can illuminate the light incident surface in the light guide plate 324. In some embodiments, the light source may include a plurality of light-emitting diodes mounted on a light source printed circuit board and illuminating the light incident surface of the light guide plate 324. The light source may be disposed in the support member 800 to overlap with a first peripheral portion of the display panel 600.

[0266] The reflector 322 can be disposed on the support member 800 such that the reflector 322 covers the rear surface of the light guide plate 324. The reflector 322 can reflect light incident from the light guide plate 324 toward the light guide plate 324 to minimize light loss.

[0267] Optical section 326 may be located on the front surface of light guide plate 324 and may enhance the brightness characteristics of light output from light guide plate 324. In some embodiments, optical section 326 may include a lower diffuser, a lower prism sheet, and an upper prism sheet. However, embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto, and optical section 326 may include one or more of a diffuser, prism sheet, dual brightness enhancement film, and lens sheet, or may be configured using a composite sheet having light amplification and light collection functions.

[0268] The panel guide 900 can support the rear peripheral portion of the display panel 600. The panel guide 900 can be supported by or housed within a support member 800. The panel guide 900 can be disposed below the rear peripheral portion of the display panel 600 so as not to protrude beyond the outer side of each side surface of the display panel 600. In some embodiments, the panel guide 900 may include a panel support portion 910 and a guide sidewall 930. For example, depending on the connection or linkage structure of the panel support portion 910 and the guide sidewall 930, the panel guide 900 may have a "┓" or "┏" shaped cross-sectional structure; however, embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto. In some embodiments, the panel guide 900 may be formed of a plastic material, a metal material, or a mixture of plastic and metal materials; however, embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0269] The panel support portion 910 may be coupled to or connected to at least one rear peripheral portion of the display panel 600 and may be supported by the support member 800. The panel support portion 910 may have a size smaller than or equal to the size of the display panel 600 so as not to protrude from the outside of each side surface of the display panel 600. The panel support portion 910 may directly contact the uppermost surface (or the uppermost portion of the upper surface) of the backlight unit 320, for example, the top surface (or the uppermost portion of the top surface) of the optical sheet 326, or may be spaced at a specific distance from the top surface (or the uppermost portion of the top surface) of the backlight unit 320.

[0270] The guide sidewall 930 may surround all or at least a portion of at least one side surface of the support member 800 and may be connected to the panel support 910. For example, the guide sidewall 930 may bend from the panel support 910 toward all or at least one side surface of the support member 800 and may surround all or at least one side surface of the support member 800.

[0271] In some embodiments, the panel guide 900 may be coupled or connected to at least one peripheral portion of the rear surface of the display panel 600 via a panel connecting member 950. The panel connecting member 950 may be located between at least a portion of the rear surface of the display panel 600 and the panel support portion 910 of the panel guide 900, and may couple or connect the display panel 600 to the panel guide 900. In some embodiments, the panel connecting member 950 may include an acrylic-based adhesive or a polyurethane-based adhesive. For example, among acrylic-based and polyurethane-based adhesives, the panel connecting member 950 may include an acrylic-based adhesive with relatively better adhesion and hardness, such that vibrations of the panel guide 900 can be transmitted to the display panel 600. For example, the panel connecting member 950 may include acrylic-based double-sided adhesive pads or an acrylic-based adhesive resin cured layer.

[0272] In some embodiments, the front surface of the panel connecting member 950 may be coupled to or connected to the lower substrate 613 or the lower polarizing member 615 of the display panel 600. In an exemplary embodiment, the front surface of the panel connecting member 950 may be directly coupled to or connected to at least a peripheral portion of the rear surface of the lower substrate 613 to improve adhesion to the display panel. For example, when the panel connecting member 950 is attached to at least a peripheral portion of the rear surface of the lower substrate 613 and surrounds at least one side surface of the lower polarizing member 615, side surface light leakage in the lower polarizing member 615 can be prevented.

[0273] The support member 800 can cover all or at least a portion of the rear surface of the display panel 600 while supporting the panel guide 900. The support member 800 can support one or more of the rear surface or at least one side surface of the display panel 600.

[0274] The support member 800 may be, for example, a cover bottom. For example, it may include an intermediate frame that supports the display panel 600 by being received in at least one edge portion of the display panel 600, such that the intermediate frame is coupled to the cover bottom to surround and support at least one lateral or side surface of the display panel 600. For example, the intermediate frame may have a "┤" shaped cross-section. The support member 800 may include the cover bottom, or the cover bottom and the intermediate frame. However, embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto. The support member 800 may include any structure, mechanism, element, or construction capable of supporting the side or rear surface of the display panel 600.

[0275] The support member 800 may have the shape of a plate formed along the entire or rear surface of the display panel 600 or above the entire or rear surface of the display panel 600. For example, the support member 800 may cover the entire rear surface of the display panel 600 while being spaced apart from the display panel 600 by a specific distance. The support member 800 may have the shape of a plate formed of glass, metal, or plastic. For example, the edges or sharp edge portions of the support member 800 may have an inclined or curved shape, for example, by a chamfering or rounding process. For example, the support member 800 formed of glass may be sapphire glass. For example, the support member 800 formed of metal may be formed of one or more of aluminum, aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy, and iron-nickel alloy. As another example, the support member 800 may have a laminated structure of glass plates facing the rear surface of the display panel 600, while having a thickness relatively thinner than the metal plate and the glass plate. For example, the rear surface of the display device 50 may be used as a mirror due to the metal plate. However, embodiments of this disclosure are not limited to these materials or shapes.

[0276] The support member 800 in this document may be referred to as a cover bottom, panel bottom, rear cover, base frame, metal frame, metal chassis, chassis base, M chassis, etc. Therefore, the support member 800 may include any type of frame or plate structure disposed on the rear surface of the display device as a structure, mechanism, unit / element, or construction for supporting the display panel 600.

[0277] The display device 50 according to embodiments of the present disclosure may further include a system rear cover 850. The system rear cover 850 may accommodate a display panel 600 and surround one or more side surfaces of the display panel 600. In some embodiments, the system rear cover 850 may include a rear surface portion 851 and a side surface portion 853. The rear surface portion 851 is the outermost rear mechanism or structure on the rear surface of the display device 50 and may support (or accommodate) the display panel 600 and cover the rear surface of the display panel 600. The side surface portion 853 is the outermost mechanism or structure on at least one side surface of the display device 50 and may cover at least one side surface of the display panel 600 by being disposed in at least an edge portion of the rear surface portion 851.

[0278] The vibration generating device 700 may include a first part 701 and a second part 702. The vibration generating device 700 may be referred to as an actuator, exciter, transducer, diaphragm vibration generating device, or piezoelectric vibration generating device; however, embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto. Reference will be made below. Figure 15 and Figure 16 Let's discuss the vibration generating device 700.

[0279] Reference Figure 13 The vibration generating device 700 can be disposed between the display panel 600 and the support member 800. For example, the vibration generating device 700 can be located between the display panel 600 and the backlight unit 320. When the vibration generating device 700 is located on the rear surface of the display panel 600, due to the structure, mechanism, unit / element, or construction (such as the backlight unit 320) between the display panel 600 and the support member 800, there is a problem that the vibration of the vibration generating device 700 cannot be ideally provided to the display panel 600. According to the embodiments of this disclosure, since the vibration generating device is implemented between the display panel 600 and the backlight unit 320, the desired vibration can reach the front surface, structure, or part. When a touch sensor is mounted or embedded in the display panel 600, the vibration of the vibration generating device 700 can cause the touch sensor to vibrate, thus effectively realizing tactile vibration / feedback.

[0280] Figures 14A to 14D A display device according to another embodiment of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0281] Reference Figures 14A to 14D The display device (70, 75, 80, 85) according to the embodiments of the present disclosure may include a front member 815, a display panel 810 and a vibration generating device 700.

[0282] The front member 815 includes the frontmost structure, mechanism, unit / element, or construction of the display devices (70, 75, 80, 85) and can protect the screen of the display panel 810. The front member 815 can be disposed on the front surface of the display panel 810. For example, the front member 815 can cover (or overlap) the front surface of the display panel 810 to protect the display panel 810 from external impacts. Furthermore, the front member 815 can vibrate in response to the vibration of the vibration generating device 700 to generate sound SW.

[0283] In some embodiments, the front component 815 may include a transparent plastic material, a glass material, or a tempered glass material. For example, the front component 815 may include one of sapphire glass and Gorilla glass or a laminate thereof, but is not limited thereto. As another example, the front component 815 may include a transparent plastic material such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The front component 815 may include tempered glass based on scratch resistance and transparency. For example, the front component 815 may be a front structure, a front window, a cover window, a glass window, a screen, a cover, a window glass, etc. However, embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0284] In some embodiments, the front member 815 may have a polygonal shape such as a rectangular or square shape, or it may have a non-polygonal shape in which at least one side is curved.

[0285] The display panel 810 may be disposed on the rear surface (or at least one rear portion or rear surface) of the front member 815 and may display images. The display panel 810 may function as a touch sensor for sensing user touch on the front member 815. The display panel 810 may output sound SW or generate tactile feedback (or tactile vibration) in response to user touch, based on the vibration of the vibration generating device 700. For example, the vibration generating device 700 may be a sound generator for outputting sound. For example, the vibration generating device 700 may be a tactile device capable of generating tactile feedback or tactile vibration.

[0286] The display panel 810 may include a self-emissive display panel or a curved self-emissive display panel. For example, the display panel 810 may include a light-emitting display panel, a micro light-emitting diode display panel, a flexible light-emitting display panel, or a flexible micro light-emitting diode display panel; however, the embodiments disclosed herein are not limited thereto.

[0287] In some embodiments, the display panel 810 may have a polygonal shape, such as a rectangular or square shape, or a non-polygonal shape in which at least one side is curved. The display panel 810 may have the same or different shape as the front member 815. For example, the front member 815 may have a rectangular shape, and the display panel 810 may have a rectangular shape with dimensions smaller than those of the front member 815. As another example, the front member 815 may have a non-polygonal shape, and the display panel 810 may have a non-polygonal or rectangular shape with dimensions smaller than those of the front member 815.

[0288] In some embodiments, the display panel 810 may include: a pixel array substrate 812, which includes a pixel array layer having a plurality of pixels; and an encapsulation layer 813 covering the pixel array layer.

[0289] The pixel array substrate 812 may include a base substrate and a pixel array layer above the base substrate. The base substrate may include a plastic material or a glass material. The pixel array layer may include a pixel array comprising multiple pixels disposed in a display area or active area above the base substrate.

[0290] Each of the plurality of pixels may be located in a region defined by a pixel drive line comprising multiple gate lines and multiple data lines. In some embodiments, each of the plurality of pixels may include a pixel circuit having at least two thin-film transistors and at least one capacitor and a light-emitting element layer that emits light using current / voltage supplied from the pixel circuit.

[0291] The light-emitting element layer in each pixel may include a first electrode connected to the corresponding pixel circuit, a light-emitting element located on the first electrode, and a second electrode located on the light-emitting element. For example, the light-emitting element may include an organic light-emitting layer or a quantum dot light-emitting layer. As another example, the light-emitting element may include a micro light-emitting diode; however, embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0292] In some embodiments, the light-emitting element layer may have a top light-emitting structure or a front light-emitting structure in which light emitted from the light-emitting element passes through the encapsulation layer 813 and is transmitted toward the front member 815. For example, in a light-emitting element layer based on a top light-emitting structure (or a front light-emitting structure), the first electrode may be a reflective electrode, and the second electrode may be a transparent electrode. For example, the first electrode may include a light-emitting material, and the second electrode may include a light-transmitting material.

[0293] In another embodiment, the light-emitting element layer may have a bottom-emitting structure or a rear-emitting structure in which light emitted from the light-emitting element passes through the pixel array substrate 812 and is transferred toward the front member 815. For example, in a light-emitting element layer based on a bottom-emitting structure (or a rear-emitting structure), the first electrode may be a transparent electrode, and the second electrode may be a reflective electrode. For example, the first electrode may include a light-transmitting material, and the second electrode may include a light-reflecting material. However, embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, the light-emitting element layer may have a double-sided or dual-emitting structure.

[0294] An encapsulation layer 813 may be disposed on the array substrate 812 to surround the pixel array layer, thereby preventing or blocking oxygen and / or moisture from penetrating into the light-emitting elements of the pixel array layer. In some embodiments, the encapsulation layer 813 may have a multilayer structure with alternating layers of organic and inorganic materials; however, embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto. The inorganic material layers can prevent or block oxygen and / or moisture from penetrating into the light-emitting elements. The organic material layers may have a thickness greater than the inorganic material layers to cover particles that may appear during the manufacturing process; however, embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0295] In some embodiments, the display panel 810 may further include a protective substrate above the encapsulation layer 813. The protective substrate (or encapsulation substrate) may be disposed on the front surface of the encapsulation layer 813 or attached to the front surface of the encapsulation layer 813 by filler or adhesive. For example, when the light-emitting element layer has a top-emitting structure, the protective substrate may be formed of a transparent material. As another example, when the light-emitting element layer has a bottom-emitting structure, the protective substrate may be formed of a transparent material, an opaque material, or a metallic material. For example, when the light-emitting element layer has a top-emitting structure, a protective substrate may not be required.

[0296] In some embodiments, the display panel 810 may further include a polarizing member 825. The polarizing member 825 may be a polarizing film used to improve the visibility and contrast of the display panel 810 by preventing or minimizing the reflection of external light. The polarizing member 825 can prevent or minimize the reflection of external light by changing the external light reflected by the thin-film transistors and / or pixel driving lines above the pixel array substrate 812 into a circularly polarized state.

[0297] like Figure 14A and Figure 14CAs shown, in some embodiments, when the light-emitting element layer has a top-emitting structure, the polarizing member can be disposed on the encapsulation layer 813 using a transparent adhesive. When the display device 70 includes a polarizer, a protective substrate may not be required. For example, the transparent adhesive may include a pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA), an optically transparent adhesive (OCA), or an optically transparent resin (OCR); however, embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto. In another example, such as Figure 14B and Figure 14D As shown, the polarization component can be disposed between the front component 815 and the encapsulation layer 813.

[0298] As another example, when the light-emitting element layer has a bottom light-emitting structure, the polarizing member can be set (or bonded) to the rear surface of the pixel array substrate 812 by a transparent adhesive.

[0299] In some embodiments, the display device (70, 75, 80, 85) may also include a touch sensor 814 for sensing a user’s touch or proximity touch on the front member 815.

[0300] Touch sensor 814 may include a touch electrode layer. The touch electrode layer may include multiple touch electrodes for sensing a user's touch or proximity touch. The multiple touch electrodes can be used as a touch sensor for sensing a user's touch or proximity touch based on a mutual capacitance scheme or a self-capacitance scheme.

[0301] In some embodiments, the touch sensor 814 can be implemented as a touch panel including multiple touch electrodes. For example, an add-on type touch panel can be disposed or attached to the encapsulation layer 813 or polarization member 825 when the light-emitting element layer has a top light-emitting structure, and disposed or attached to the rear surface of the pixel array substrate 812 when the light-emitting element layer has a bottom light-emitting structure.

[0302] In another embodiment, the touch sensor can be directly disposed on the encapsulation layer 813, depending on whether it is in-cell type. For example, when the light-emitting element layer has a top-emitting structure, the in-cell touch sensor can be directly disposed on the front surface of the encapsulation layer 813.

[0303] In some embodiments, the display panel 810 may further include a color filter layer to overlap with each of the plurality of pixels. Light-emitting elements disposed in each of the plurality of pixels may emit white light. For example, when the light-emitting element layer has a top-emitting structure, the color filter layer may be disposed on the encapsulation layer 813. As another example, when the light-emitting element layer has a bottom-emitting structure, the color filter layer may be disposed in the pixel array layer.

[0304] In some embodiments, the display panel 810 may further include a back plate 816. The back plate 816 may have the same shape as the pixel array substrate 812. For example, when the light-emitting element layer has a top-emitting structure, the back plate 816 may be located on the rear surface (or at least a rear portion) of the pixel array substrate 812 by means of a transparent adhesive. As another example, when the light-emitting element layer has a bottom-emitting structure, the back plate may be a protective substrate. For example, the transparent adhesive may include a pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA), an optically transparent adhesive (OCA), or an optically transparent resin (OCR); however, embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0305] The backplate 816 can increase the rigidity or hardness of the display panel 810 and dissipate heat occurring in the display panel 810. In some embodiments, the backplate 816 may include a metallic material with high thermal conductivity. For example, the backplate 816 may be formed of one or more of aluminum, copper, silver, and magnesium, or may include alloys thereof, or may include stainless steel; however, the embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto. The backplate 816 may be a heat diffusion sheet, heat diffusion layer, heat diffusion plate, heat sink, heat sink, heat dissipation layer, or heat dissipation plate, etc.; however, the embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0306] Reference Figures 14A to 14D The vibration generating device 700 can be located between the display panel 810 and the front member 815. For example, the vibration generating device 700 can be located between the front member 815 and the polarizing member 825. For example, the vibration generating device 700 can be located above the polarizing member 825. For example, the vibration generating device 700 can be located above the encapsulation layer 813. For example, the vibration generating device 700 can be disposed between the front member 815 and the encapsulation layer 813. When the vibration generating device 700 is located on the rear surface of the display panel 810, due to the structure, mechanism, unit / element, or construction (such as pixel array substrate 812, encapsulation layer 813, etc.) between the display panel 810 and the front member 815, there is a problem that the vibration of the vibration generating device 700 cannot be ideally provided to the display panel 810. According to the embodiments of this disclosure, since the vibration generating device is implemented between the display panel 810 and the front member 815, the desired vibration can reach the front member. Since the touch sensor 814 is located near the vibration generating device 700, the touch sensor 814 can vibrate through the vibration of the vibration generating device 700, and tactile vibration / feedback can be effectively realized.

[0307] Reference Figure 14C and Figure 14DThe vibration generating device 700 may be located within the encapsulation layer 813. The encapsulation layer 813 may be an encapsulation substrate or a second substrate. For example, the vibration generating device 700 may be housed in an adhesive within the encapsulation layer 813. The adhesive may bond or attach the pixel array substrate 812 to the encapsulation substrate or second substrate serving as the encapsulation layer 813. The adhesive may be a pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA), an optically clear adhesive (OCA), etc., however, embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, the adhesive may include adhesive materials such as epoxy resin, acrolein, silicone, polyurethane, etc. In some embodiments, the adhesive may also include an absorbent material capable of absorbing moisture and / or oxygen; thereby, the reliability of the display panel can be improved.

[0308] Externally, since the encapsulation layer 813 covers the vibration generating device 700, it can prevent or minimize the degradation of vibration performance (or sound performance) caused by breakage and damage to the vibration generating device 700 due to external impact.

[0309] Therefore, the display devices (80, 85) according to embodiments of the present disclosure can output sound or generate tactile vibrations in response to touch input or events by vibrating according to the operation of the integrated or embedded vibration generating device 700. For example, the vibration generating device 700 may be a sound generator for outputting sound. For example, the vibration generating device 700 may be a tactile device capable of generating tactile feedback or tactile vibrations. In another embodiment of the display devices (80, 85) according to the present disclosure, the vibration generating device 700 is integrated into the encapsulation substrate, which serves as the encapsulation layer 813. Since the vibration generating device 700 and the encapsulation substrate are combined into one component, the process can be simplified, and damage to the vibration generating device 700 during the process can be prevented. Furthermore, in another embodiment of the display devices (80, 85) according to the present disclosure, since the vibration generating device 700 is housed inside the encapsulation substrate, which serves as the encapsulation layer 813, or inside the adhesive, the appearance design can be improved and made thinner.

[0310] Figure 15 A vibration generating apparatus according to another embodiment of the present disclosure is illustrated. Figure 16 It is along Figure 15 The cross-sectional view taken from IV-IV′.

[0311] Reference Figure 15 and Figure 16 According to another embodiment of the present disclosure, the display device 90 may include a vibration generating device 700, a touch driver 210, and a touch sensor connection portion 212.

[0312] The vibration generating device 700 may include a substrate 920, a plurality of first portions 701 on the substrate 920, and a plurality of second portions 702 each located between the plurality of first portions 701 (such as between two first portions 701). Each of the plurality of first portions 701 may include a polygonal pattern. For example, each of the plurality of first portions 701 may be a line pattern having a predetermined width (or interval or distance); however, embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, each of the plurality of first portions 701 may have various shapes depending on thickness, width, pitch, etc. The plurality of first portions 701 may be configured to be spaced apart from each other by a predetermined width (or interval or size). For example, within the error tolerance (or tolerance) generated in the manufacturing process, the plurality of first portions 701 may all have equal dimensions, such as length, width, area, or volume.

[0313] The first portion 701 may have piezoelectric properties, and the second portions 702, each located between the first portions 701, may be flexible or transparent. For example, each of the plurality of first portions 701 may include an inorganic or piezoelectric material that vibrates via a piezoelectric effect (or piezoelectric property) using an electric field. For example, the plurality of first portions 701 may include an electroactive material. An electroactive material may have the property that when pressure is applied to a crystal structure due to an external force or when distortion occurs in the crystal structure, a potential difference is generated by dielectric polarization based on the change in the relative positions of positive (+) ions and negative (-) ions, and vibration is generated due to an electric field on an applied voltage. For example, the plurality of first portions 701 may be referred to as an electroactive portion, an inorganic material portion, a piezoelectric material portion, or a vibrating portion; however, embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0314] Each of the plurality of first portions 701 may be formed of a ceramic matrix material capable of relatively strong vibration, or may be formed of a piezoelectric ceramic having a perovskite-based crystal structure. The perovskite crystal structure exhibits both piezoelectric and anti-piezoelectric effects and may be an oriented plate-like structure. The perovskite crystal structure may be represented by the chemical formula ABOx, where A may be a divalent metal element and B may be a tetravalent metal element. For example, A and B may be cations, and O may be an anion. For example, the perovskite crystal structure may include at least one of lead(II) titanate (PbTiO3), lead zirconate (PbZrO3), barium titanate (BaTiO3), and strontium titanate (SrTiO3); however, embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0315] When a perovskite crystal structure includes a central ion, such as PbTiO3, the position of titanium (Ti) can be altered by external stress or a magnetic field. This changes the polarization, resulting in a piezoelectric effect. For example, in a perovskite crystal structure, a piezoelectric effect can be generated by changing the shape from a cubic shape corresponding to a symmetrical structure to a tetragonal (e.g., quadrilateral), orthorhombic, or rhombohedral shape corresponding to an asymmetrical structure, based on external stress or a magnetic field. Because the tetragonal and rhombohedral shapes with asymmetrical structures exhibit high polarization and are prone to polarization rearrangement, these shapes lead to high piezoelectric properties.

[0316] The inorganic material portion of each of the plurality of first portions 701 may include one or more of lead (Pb), zirconium (Zr), titanium (Ti), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn) and niobium (Nb), however, embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0317] As another example, the inorganic material portion in each of the plurality of first portions 701 may include a lead zirconate titanate (PbZrTiO3)-based material containing lead (Pb), zirconium (Zr), and titanium (Ti), or a lead zirconate nickel niobate (PZNN)-based material containing lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn), and niobium (Nb); however, embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. Furthermore, the inorganic material portion may include at least one of lead (Pb)-free CaTiO3, BaTiO3, and SrTiO3; however, embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0318] Each of the plurality of second portions 702 may include a polygonal pattern. Each of the plurality of second portions 702 may be located between a plurality of first portions 701. Each of the plurality of first portions 701 and each of the plurality of second portions 702 may be arranged (or arranged) in parallel on the same plane (or the same layer). Each of the plurality of second portions 702 may be configured to fill the gap between two adjacent first portions 701, and thus may be connected or attached to each or all of the adjacent first portions 701. For example, each of the plurality of second portions 702 may be configured to have a predetermined width (or size), and the plurality of second portions 702 may be configured to be parallel to each other such that a first portion 701 is located between two second portions 702. Within the range of process errors (e.g., tolerances or margins) that may occur in the manufacturing process, the plurality of second portions 702 may all have the same dimensions, such as length, width, area, or volume.

[0319] The organic material portion formed in each of the plurality of second portions 702 may be formed of an organic material or organic polymer that has flexible properties compared to the inorganic material portion that is the first portion 701. For example, each of the plurality of second portions 702 may include an organic material, an organic polymer, an organic piezoelectric material, or an organic non-piezoelectric material. For example, each of the plurality of second portions 702 may be referred to as an adhesive, adhesive portion, elastic portion, bending portion, damping portion, or flexible portion having transparency or flexibility; however, embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. Therefore, since the plurality of second portions 702 of the vibration generating device according to embodiments of the present disclosure are flexible, the vibration generating device can be used in flexible display devices, such as curved surface display devices that bend with a predetermined radius of curvature. Embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto; the vibration generating device can be used in rollable display devices that can be wound into a spiral form, flexible display devices, wearable display devices that are rolled around the wrist, etc. Flexible display devices may be edge-bending display devices, bezel-bending display devices, or active bending display devices; however, embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0320] The organic material portion may include at least one of organic piezoelectric materials and organic non-piezoelectric materials. The organic material portion, including the organic piezoelectric material, can improve the overall durability of the vibration generating device 700 by absorbing impacts applied to the inorganic material portion (or the first portion), and can provide a specific level of piezoelectric properties / characteristics. For example, the organic piezoelectric material may be an organic material with electroactive / characteristic properties. For example, the organic piezoelectric material may include one or more of PVDF polymers doped with polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), β-polyvinylidene fluoride (β-PVDF), polyvinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene (P(VDF-TrFE)), polyvinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene-chlorofluoroethylene (P(VDF-TrFE-CFE)), polyvinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene (P(VDF-TrFE-CTFE)), or carbon nanotubes, as well as phosphazene-based polymers; however, embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, the phosphazene-based polymer may be poly(trifluoroethoxy)phosphazene; however, embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0321] Since the organic material portion, including the organic non-piezoelectric material, is formed from a curable resin composition and a binder comprising the curable resin composition, the overall durability of the vibration generating device 700 can be improved by absorbing the impact applied to the inorganic material portion (or the first portion). For example, the organic non-piezoelectric material may include at least one of epoxy polymers, acrylic polymers, and silicone polymers, and embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto. Therefore, since the first portion 701, formed of inorganic material and having piezoelectric properties, and the second portion 702, formed of organic material and having transparency, are alternately connected to each other, it can have a thin film shape and a size corresponding to the display panel of the display device or a size capable of realizing the vibrational or acoustic characteristics configured for the display panel.

[0322] When the vibration generating device 700 is applied to a touch sensor such as a fingerprint sensor or a force sensor, touch performance and transparency can be improved by forming the first portion 701, which is an opaque metallic material, into a grid or strip form, and visibility and transmittance can be improved by adjusting the height (or thickness) or size (or width) of the first portion 701. The first portion 701 can be patterned by at least one of the following processes: wire sawing, scribing, blade dicing, laser cutting, stealth dicing, thermal laser separation (TLS), and photolithography; however, embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto. To achieve a transparent vibration generating device 700, the size of the second portion 702 can be the same as or different from the size of the first portion 701. The size of the second portion 702 can be the distance or pitch between the two first portions 701. For example, the pitch can be two to three times or more the size of the first portion 701; however, embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, the size of the second portion 702 can be two to three times or more the size of the first portion 701; however, embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0323] As another example, when the vibration generating device 700 is applied to a vehicle, the portion used to block light can be configured as a first portion 701, and the opening portion can be configured as a second portion 702. Since the second portion 702 comprises a transparent organic material, it can prevent light from entering through a reference... Figure 2The image reflection caused by external light in the discussed vehicle, and therefore, the vibration generating device 700 can be used as a light control device. For example, in order to implement the vibration generating device 700 as a transparent light control device, the size of the second portion 702 can be larger than the size of the first portion 701. For example, the size of the second portion 702 (such as pitch) can be two to five times or less than the size of the first portion 701; however, embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, the thickness of the second portion 702 can be two to four times or less than the thickness of the first portion 701; however, embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, when the size of the second portion 702 is 20 μm to 80 μm, the thickness of the vibration generating device 700 can be 40 μm to 320 μm. For example, when the size (or width) of the first portion 701 is 20 μm to 30 μm or less, the size of the second portion 702 can be 20 μm to 180 μm. When the first part 701 has a size that can control light (e.g., the size of the black background of the display device) and the size of the second part 702 is two to four times the thickness of the vibration generating device 700, a vibration generating device that can have transparency and vibration characteristics (or tactile characteristics) can be provided.

[0324] As another example, in order to implement the vibration generating device 700 as a tactile device or a sound generating device, the size of the first portion 701 can be larger than the size of the second portion 702. For example, the size of the first portion 701 can be two to six times or more than the size of the second portion 702. For example, when the size of the second portion 702 is 10 μm to 100 μm or less, the size of the first portion 701 can be 20 μm to 1200 μm.

[0325] The first electrode 703 may be disposed on the lower surface of the vibration generating device 700. For example, the first electrode 703 may be disposed on the first surface (or front surface) of the first portion 701 and the second portion 702, and may be electrically connected to the first surface of each of the plurality of first portions 701. For example, the first electrode 703 may be formed of a transparent conductive material, a semi-transparent conductive material, or an opaque conductive material. For example, transparent or semi-transparent conductive materials may include indium tin oxide (ITO) or indium zinc oxide (IZO); however, embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto. Opaque conductive materials may include aluminum (Al), copper (Cu), gold (Au), nickel (Ni), silver (Ag), molybdenum (Mo), nickel-phosphorus (Ni-P), tungsten (W), platinum (Pt), magnesium (Mg), silver nanowires (Ag nanowires), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene, PEDOT:PSS (poly(3,4-ethoxydithiophene):polystyrene sulfonate), or may be formed of one or more alloys thereof, embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.

[0326] The third electrode 705 can be disposed on a side surface of the first portion 701. For example, the third electrode 705 can be disposed on both a side surface of the first portion 701 and an upper surface of a second surface different from the first surface on which the first electrode 703 is disposed. Therefore, since the third electrode 705 is disposed on one surface of the first portion 701, light transmittance and vibration characteristics can be improved. The third electrode 705 can be separately connected to the touch sensor connection portion 212. The third electrode 705 can receive signals based on signals input from the touch driver 210.

[0327] The fourth electrode 707 can be disposed on the other side surface of the first portion 701. For example, the fourth electrode 707 can be disposed on a side surface different from the side surface on which the third electrode 705 is disposed. The fourth electrode 707 can be attached to the first electrode 703 and used as a charging electrode for the third electrode 705.

[0328] The third electrode 705 and the fourth electrode 707 can be formed of metallic materials. For example, the third electrode 705 and the fourth electrode 707 may include aluminum (Al), copper (Cu), gold (Au), nickel (Ni), silver (Ag), molybdenum (Mo), nickel-phosphorus (Ni-P), tungsten (W), platinum (Pt), magnesium (Mg), silver nanowires (Ag nanowires), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene, PEDOT:PSS, etc., or may be formed of one or more alloys thereof, and the embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0329] The touch driver connected to the touch electrode layer of the touch sensor on the display panel can be connected to the third electrode 705 of the vibration generating device. For example, the touch driver can be connected to the third electrode 705 of the vibration generating device 700 via anisotropic film bonding; however, embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto. When a signal is generated in the touch sensor of the display panel, the touch driver 210 can send the signal to the vibration generating device 700 after recognizing the signal. Upon receiving the signal, the vibration generating device 700 can vibrate according to the signal.

[0330] For reference Figure 4 As described, the vibration generating device may further include a protective film. A first protective film 142 may be disposed on the first electrode 703 and protect the first surfaces of the first portion 701 and the second portion 702. For example, the first protective film may be a polyimide (PI) film or a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film; however, embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0331] The second protective film 144 may be disposed on the second electrode 704 and protect the second surfaces of the first portion 701 and the second portion 702. For example, the second protective film may be a polyimide (PI) film or a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film; however, the embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0332] Figure 17 The transmittance of a vibration generating device according to another embodiment of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0333] Reference Figure 17 ,exist Figure 15 and Figure 16 In the vibration generating device, the first portion 701 is formed of PVDF and has a size of 30 μm; the second portion 702 is formed of epoxy resin and has a size of 90 μm and a thickness of 300 μm. However, embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto. Figure 17 In the diagram, the horizontal axis represents wavelength (nm), and the vertical axis represents transmittance (%). Transmittance was measured using a JCH300S from J&C Technology Corporation. Transmittance can be measured by passing a converging beam from a light source through a vibration generating device and incident on an integrating sphere, and the light separated from the integrating sphere is reflected and collected by a detector to obtain a measurement value; however, embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto. Figure 17 In this context, 100% transmittance is represented as 1.0.

[0334] Reference Figure 17 As can be seen, approximately 60% transmittance occurs across the entire wavelength range of light, from 400 nm to 800 nm. Therefore, according to embodiments of this disclosure, a vibration generating device with improved transmittance can be provided; thus, the vibration generating device can be used as a light control device.

[0335] Figure 18 The acoustic characteristics of a vibration generating device according to another embodiment of the present disclosure are illustrated.

[0336] Reference Figure 18 ,exist Figure 15 and Figure 16 In the vibration generating device, the first portion 701 is formed of lead zirconate titanate (PZT; PbZrO3) based ceramic material, and the size of the first portion 701 is 30 μm; the second portion 702 is formed of epoxy resin based material, and the second portion 702 has a size of 90 μm and a thickness of 300 μm. However, the embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto. Figure 18In the diagram, the horizontal axis represents frequency (Hz), and the vertical axis represents sound pressure level (SPL, dB). Using the SPL characteristics of the APx525 from AudioPrecision, Inc., the SPL was measured at a distance of 10 cm from the display panel and the vibration generating device while a sine sweep was applied from 200 Hz to 20 kHz.

[0337] Reference Figure 18 In the vibration generating apparatus according to embodiments of the present disclosure, sound pressure levels can be observed across a low to high sound frequency range. Therefore, when the vibration generating apparatus is applied to a display device, a display device with improved sound pressure levels can be provided. For example, the vibration generating apparatus can be used as a speaker in a display device or a speaker in a vehicle. For example, the low sound frequency range may be 200 Hz or lower, the mid-sound frequency range may be 200 Hz to 3 kHz, and the high sound frequency range may be 3 kHz or higher; however, embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0338] Figure 19 A vibration generating apparatus according to another embodiment of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0339] Reference Figure 19 According to another embodiment of the present disclosure, the vibration generating device 1200 may include a first portion 1201 and a second portion 1202. A first electrode 1232 and a second electrode 1234 may be respectively disposed on the lower and upper surfaces of the first portion 1201 and the second portion 1202. Since the first portion 1201, the second portion 1202, the first electrode 1232, and the second electrode 1234 are related to a reference... Figure 15 and Figure 16 The electrodes described are identical, therefore their description will be omitted. A vibration generating device is disposed above a substrate with a width of 100 mm and a length of 0.5 mm. A first portion 1201 is formed of lead zirconate titanate (PZT; PbZrO3)-based ceramic material, with dimensions (or pitch) and thickness of 300 μm and 200 μm, respectively. A second portion 1202 is formed of an epoxy resin series, and its width w is 50 μm. For example, to further improve piezoelectric properties / characteristics, the dimensions of the first portion 1201 are larger than those of the second portion 1202. The results of measuring vibration acceleration are shown in Table 2 below. Vibration acceleration was measured using a National Instruments NIX device. Vibration acceleration can be obtained by measuring the vibration acceleration output from the vibration generating device after a voltage is applied, while simultaneously attaching an acceleration sensor to the vibration generating device; however, embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0340] [Table 2]

[0341] Voltage 75Hz 183Hz 10V 3.1G 2.1G 20V 6.5G 4.9G 30V 10.6G 8.3G

[0342] In Table 2, 75Hz is the resonant frequency of the glass substrate (100mm wide and 100mm long), while 183Hz is the resonant frequency of the 12.5-inch section in stainless steel. As shown in Table 2, it can be seen that the piezoelectric characteristics are improved when the size of the first portion 1201 is larger than the size of the second portion 1202. For example, at a voltage of 30V, it can be seen that the vibration acceleration is approximately 10.6G at 75Hz, the resonant frequency of the glass substrate. For example, at a voltage of 30V, it can be seen that the vibration acceleration is approximately 8.3G at 183Hz, the resonant frequency of stainless steel. For example, as shown in Table 2, the vibration acceleration of piezoelectric ceramics is approximately 7G at approximately 30V or less, and the vibration generating device 1200 according to another embodiment of this disclosure has a vibration acceleration of approximately 10.6G at 30V. Therefore, it can be seen that the vibration generating device according to another embodiment of this disclosure exhibits higher piezoelectric characteristics than piezoelectric ceramics. For example, it can be seen that the vibration generating device according to another embodiment of this disclosure can be used as a speaker in a display device or a speaker in a vehicle.

[0343] Figure 20 A vehicle according to another embodiment of the present disclosure is illustrated. Figure 20 Examples include those shown in Figures 1 to 12. Figure 16 and Figure 19 An example of a vehicle in at least one of the display devices shown in the embodiments.

[0344] Reference Figure 20 The display device according to embodiments of the present disclosure may include an instrument panel 1500, an instrument cluster module 1600, and an infotainment module 1700.

[0345] The dashboard 1500 may include a first area DA facing or corresponding to the driver's seat, a second area PA facing or corresponding to the passenger seat, and a third area MA between the first area DA and the second area PA.

[0346] The instrument panel module 1600 may include a first display 1610 in a first area DA of the instrument panel 1500. The first display 1610 may provide the driver with various information, such as vehicle status information and driving-related information, such as vehicle driving time, speed, fuel level, and revolutions per minute (RPM).

[0347] The first display 1610 includes, according to Figure 1 to Figure 16 and Figure 19The display device shown is an embodiment of the present disclosure. Therefore, repeated descriptions thereof are omitted. The first display 1610 can display an image on the display panel corresponding to driving information of the vehicle provided from the vehicle host system. In addition, the first display 1610 can output sound generated by the vibration of the display panel in response to the vibration of the vibration generating device to the driver's seat based on a sound drive signal provided from the vehicle host system.

[0348] The infotainment module (or infotainment system) 1700 may include a second display 1710 disposed in the third area MA (or central panel) of the dashboard 1500.

[0349] The second display 1710 can be connected to a navigation system and vehicle convenience systems such as the audio system, air conditioning system, and multimedia system each equipped in the vehicle, and can display navigation information provided by the navigation system and control icons for controlling the corresponding vehicle convenience systems. Furthermore, the second display can provide the driver or passengers with sound corresponding to the sound signals provided by the audio system and / or multimedia system.

[0350] The second display 1710 includes, according to Figure 1 to Figure 16 and Figure 19 The display device shown is an embodiment of the present disclosure, therefore, its repeated description is omitted. The second display 1710 can display navigation information provided from the navigation system and control icons for controlling vehicle convenience systems. Furthermore, the second display 1710 can directly output sound generated from the display panel vibrating due to vibration by a vibration generating device, based on sound signals from an audio system and / or a multimedia system. Additionally, the second display 1710 can sense the applied touch via a touch electrode layer disposed in the display panel to perform an interface with the user.

[0351] The second display 1710 may have an extended length toward the second area PA of the dashboard 1500. For example, the second display 1710 may span the third area MA and the second area PA of the dashboard 1500.

[0352] Therefore, a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may include an instrument panel module 1600, the instrument panel module 1600 including the application of the [data] according to FIG1 to [data]. Figure 16 and Figure 19 The first display 1610 of the display device shown in the embodiment of this disclosure can therefore output sound generated by the vibration of the first display 1610 to the driver's head. Therefore, the sound from the vibration of the first display 1610 can be directly transmitted to the driver's ears, thereby transmitting a sound substantially similar to the original sound to the driver. For example, when according to... Figure 19When the vibration generating device of the embodiment is applied to the first display 1610, a display device may be provided that includes a sound generator supporting tactile feedback and a speaker. Here, the sound generator supporting tactile feedback may include a device, unit, component, system, etc., that provides tactile effects or tactile feedback, and a speaker, etc.

[0353] Therefore, a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may include an infotainment module 1700, the infotainment module 1700 including the application of the following according to FIG1 to Figure 16 and Figure 19 The second display 1710 of the display device shown in the embodiment of this disclosure can therefore output sound generated by the vibration of the second display 1710 to the ears of the driver and / or passenger, thereby transmitting a sound substantially similar to the original sound to the driver and / or passenger. Furthermore, when according to... Figure 4 , Figure 9 , Figure 10 and Figure 16 When the vibration generating device of the embodiment is applied to the second display 1710, a display device may be provided that includes a sound generator supporting tactile feedback, a speaker, and an anti-reflective function.

[0354] Furthermore, a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may use each of the first display 1610 of the instrument panel module 1600 and the second display 1710 of the infotainment module 1700 as a speaker for sound output and / or a tactile sound generator, and transmit stereo sound based on two channels to the driver and / or passengers of the vehicle through sound generated by the corresponding vibrations of the first display 1610 and the second display 1710.

[0355] Figure 21 A modification according to another embodiment of this disclosure is illustrated. Figure 20 The structure of the infotainment module in the vehicle is shown. In the following text, descriptions of the same components, other than the infotainment module and related elements, will be given briefly or omitted.

[0356] Reference Figure 21 According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the infotainment module 1700 can be operatively mounted in a third region MA of the instrument panel 1500, such that the infotainment module 1700 can be mounted to be raised and / or lowered from the instrument panel 1500. The infotainment module 1700 can be at least partially accommodated or moved into the instrument panel 1500 based on a power outage of the vehicle or passenger operation or manipulation, and can at least partially protrude or move outside the instrument panel 1500 based on a power-on of the vehicle or passenger operation or manipulation.

[0357] The infotainment module 1700 according to embodiments of the present disclosure may include a second display 1710 and a display lifting unit.

[0358] Second display 1710 and Figure 20 The second display shown is essentially the same, therefore, its repeated description will be omitted.

[0359] A display lifting unit (or display booster unit) can be disposed in the third area MA of the instrument panel 1500 and can support the second display 1710 for raising or lowering. For example, the display lifting unit can raise the second display 1710 to rise / move or protrude from the instrument panel 1500 based on the vehicle's power supply or passenger operation or manipulation. Furthermore, the display lifting unit can lower the second display 1710 based on the vehicle's power failure or passenger operation or manipulation to accommodate or mount the second display 1710 into the instrument panel 1500. Additionally, when according to... Figure 4 , Figure 9 , Figure 10 and Figure 16 When the vibration generating device of the embodiment is applied to the second display 1710, it can provide a display device that may include a sound generator supporting tactile feedback, a speaker (or sound generating device), and anti-reflective functionality. Therefore, a vehicle according to another embodiment of this disclosure can have... Figure 20 The vehicles shown have the same or similar effects.

[0360] Figure 22 A modification according to another embodiment of this disclosure is illustrated. Figure 21 The structure of the infotainment module in the vehicle is shown. In the following text, descriptions of the same components, other than the infotainment module and related elements, will be given briefly or omitted.

[0361] Reference Figure 22 According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the infotainment module 1700 may include a second display 1710 mounted in the third area MA of the dashboard 1500 for raising or lowering, a display lifting unit for raising or lowering the second display 1710, and a third display 1730 mounted in the second area PA of the dashboard 1500.

[0362] The second display 1710 and the display lifting unit and Figure 21 The second display and the display lifting unit shown are essentially the same, therefore, a repeated description of them will be omitted.

[0363] The third display 1730 may share at least one function or configuration of the second display 1710. For example, the third display 1730 may be connected to a navigation system and vehicle convenience systems such as audio systems, air conditioning systems, and multimedia systems respectively equipped in the vehicle, and may display navigation information provided by the navigation system and control icons for controlling the vehicle convenience systems. Additionally, the third display 1730 may provide passengers with sound corresponding to sound signals provided by the audio system and / or multimedia system. Furthermore, the third display 1730 may transmit or receive image or sound information wirelessly with the wireless communication device of a passenger sitting in the passenger seat, and may display the received image information on a display panel.

[0364] The third display 1730 includes, according to Figure 1 to Figure 16 and Figure 19 The display device shown is an embodiment of the present disclosure, therefore repeated descriptions will be omitted. Furthermore, when according to... Figure 4 , Figure 9 , Figure 10 and Figure 16 When the vibration generating device of the embodiment is applied to the third display 1730, a display device may be provided that includes a sound generator supporting tactile feedback, a speaker, and an anti-reflective function. As another example, when according to... Figure 19 When the vibration generating device of the embodiment is applied to the third display 1730, a display device may be provided that includes a sound generator and a speaker that support tactile feedback.

[0365] The third display 1730 may have an extended length toward the third area MA of the dashboard 1500. For example, the third display 1730 may span the second area PA and the third area MA of the dashboard 1500.

[0366] Each of the first display 1610 of the instrument panel module 1600 and the second display 1710 and third display 1730 of the infotainment module 1700 can be used as a speaker (or sound generating device) for sound output and / or tactile vibration in the vehicle or a sound generator (or tactile device) that supports tactile feedback.

[0367] Therefore, a vehicle according to another embodiment of this disclosure may have the same Figure 20The vehicle shown has the same or similar functions or effects, using each of the first display 1610 of the instrument panel module 1600 and the second display 1710 and third display 1730 of the infotainment module 1700 as a speaker for sound output, and transmitting three-channel stereo sound to the driver and / or passengers of the vehicle through sound generated by the corresponding vibrations of the first display 1610, the second display 1710, and the third display 1730. For example, when according to Figure 4 , Figure 9 , Figure 10 and Figure 16 When the vibration generating device of the embodiment is applied to the second display 1710 and the third display 1730, a display device can be provided, which may include a sound generator (tactile device) that supports tactile sensation, a sound generating device, and an anti-reflection function.

[0368] Figure 23 A modification according to another embodiment of this disclosure is illustrated. Figure 20 The structure of the infotainment module in the vehicle is shown. In the following text, descriptions of the same components, other than the infotainment module and related elements, will be given briefly or omitted.

[0369] Reference Figure 23 According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the infotainment module 1700 may include a fourth display 1750 disposed on the rear surface of the driver's seat 1800 (or the back of the driver's seat or driver's seat panel) and a fifth display 1770 disposed on the rear surface of the passenger seat 1900 (or the back of the passenger seat or passenger seat panel).

[0370] The fourth display 1750 can be installed or embedded in the headrest of the driver's seat 1800, and the fifth display 1770 can be installed or embedded in the headrest of the passenger seat 1900.

[0371] Each of the fourth display 1750 and the fifth display 1770 includes, according to Figures 1 to Figure 16 and Figure 19 The display devices shown are embodiments of the present disclosure. Therefore, repeated descriptions of them will be omitted.

[0372] Each of the fourth display 1750 and the fifth display 1770 may share at least one function or configuration of the second display 1710. Furthermore, each of the fourth display 1750 and the fifth display 1770 may transmit and receive image or sound information via wireless communication with a wireless communication device of a passenger sitting in the rear seat, and may display the received image information on a display panel.

[0373] Each of the first display 1610 of the instrument panel module 1600 and the second display 1710, fourth display 1750 and fifth display 1770 of the infotainment module 1700 can be used as a speaker (or sound generating device) for sound output and / or tactile vibration in the vehicle or a tactile sound generator (or tactile device) that supports tactile feedback.

[0374] Therefore, a vehicle according to another embodiment of this disclosure may have the same Figure 20 The vehicle shown has the same or similar functions or effects, using each of the first display 1610 of the instrument panel module 1600 and the second display 1710, fourth display 1750 and fifth display 1770 of the infotainment module 1700 as a speaker (or sound generating device) and / or a sound generator (or tactile device) supporting sound output and / or tactile vibration, and transmitting four-channel stereo sound to the driver and / or passengers of the vehicle by sound generated by the corresponding vibrations in the first display 1610, second display 1710, fourth display 1750 and fifth display 1770.

[0375] As another example, in a vehicle according to another embodiment of this disclosure, the second display 1710 of the infotainment module 1700 may be mounted in the third area MA of the dashboard 1500 so as to be raised or lowered, such as Figure 21 As shown. In addition, the infotainment module 1700 may also include... Figure 22 The third display 1730 is shown. In this case, at least one of the first display 1610 of the instrument panel module 1600 and the second display 1710, third display 1730, fourth display 1750, and fifth display 1770 of the infotainment module 1700 can be used as a speaker (or sound generating device) for sound output and / or tactile vibration and / or a sound generator (or tactile device) supporting tactile feedback, and the sound generated by the vibration of the display panel included in at least one of the first display 1610 to the fifth display 1770 can be transmitted to the driver and / or passengers of the vehicle. For example, when according to Figure 4 , Figure 9 , Figure 10 and Figure 16 When the vibration generating device of the embodiment is applied to the second display 1710 and the third display 1730, a display device can be provided that may include a vibration generator (tactile device) supporting tactile sensation, a speaker, and an anti-reflective function. For example, when according to Figure 19When the vibration generating device of the embodiment is applied to the first display 1610, the fourth display 1750 and the fifth display 1770, a display device may be provided that includes a vibration generator that supports tactile sensation and a speaker.

[0376] Figure 24 Another embodiment of the vehicle according to this disclosure is illustrated, wherein the speaker is further located in Figures 20 to 23 The interior of any of the vehicles shown. In the following text, descriptions of the same components, except for the infotainment module and related elements, will be given briefly or omitted.

[0377] Because of severe echoes and numerous curved surfaces where sound waves collide, it can be difficult to output the desired sound. Therefore, when a display device according to an embodiment of this disclosure is provided in a vehicle or the vehicle body, such a vehicle including the display device can have the advantage of enabling the implementation of small-sized speakers and having improved sound performance.

[0378] Reference Figure 24 A vehicle according to another embodiment of the present disclosure may further include at least one of a dashboard speaker (DBS), a left front door speaker (LFS), a right front door speaker (RFS), a left rear door speaker (LRS), a right rear door speaker (RRS), and a rear trim speaker (RDS).

[0379] The dashboard speaker DBS may include at least one of a first dashboard speaker DBS1 disposed on the left edge or periphery of the dashboard 1500 and a second dashboard speaker DBS2 disposed on the right edge or periphery of the dashboard 1500. For example, each of the first dashboard speaker DBS1 and the second dashboard speaker DBS2 may be a speaker that outputs a sound with a mid-range or full-range frequency of 20kHz to 150Hz.

[0380] The left front door speaker (LFS) may include at least one of a first left front speaker (LFS1), a second left front speaker (LFS2), and a third left front speaker (LFS3).

[0381] The first left front speaker LFS1 can be located in the first part of the left front door adjacent to the dashboard 1500. The second left front speaker LFS2 can be located in the middle part of the left front door. The third left front speaker LFS3 can be located in the second part of the left front door adjacent to the left rear door. For example, the first left front speaker LFS1 can be based on Figures 1 to 12. Figure 16 and Figure 19 The display device shown implements a speaker for the display panel. In this case, the left front speaker can output sound based on the vibration of the display panel and can also be used as a left mirror to display an image from a left rear camera located on the left side of the vehicle.

[0382] The right front door speaker RFS may include at least one of the first right front speaker RFS1, the second right front speaker RFS2, and the third right front speaker RFS3.

[0383] The first right front speaker RFS1 can be located in the first part of the right front door adjacent to the dashboard 1500. The second right front speaker RFS2 can be located in the middle part of the right front door. The third right front speaker RFS3 can be located in the second part of the right front door adjacent to the right rear door. For example, the first right front speaker RFS1 can be located using Figures 1 to 2. Figure 16 and Figure 19 The display device shown implements a speaker for the display panel. In this case, the right front speaker can output sound based on the vibration of the display panel and can also be used as a right-side mirror to display an image from a right rear camera located on the right side of the vehicle.

[0384] For example, each of the first left front speaker LFS1 and the first right front speaker RFS1 can be a speaker that outputs sound with a mid-range or full-range frequency of 20kHz to 150Hz. The sound output from the first left front speaker LFS1 and the first right front speaker RFS1 can be combined and output.

[0385] Each of the second left front speaker LFS2 and the second right front speaker RFS2 can be a tweeter or a speaker that outputs sound from 2kHz to 20kHz. The sound output from the first left front speaker LFS1 and the second left front speaker LFS2, as well as the first right front speaker RFS1 and the second right front speaker RFS2, can be combined and output.

[0386] Each of the third front left speaker LFS3 and the third front right speaker RFS3 can be one of a woofer, a mid-bass speaker, and a subwoofer, or it can be a speaker that outputs sound with mid-range or full-range frequencies from 20kHz to 150Hz. The sound output from the third front left speaker LFS3 and the third front right speaker RFS3 can be combined and output.

[0387] The left rear door speaker LRS may include at least one of a first left rear speaker LRS1, a second left rear speaker LRS2, and a third left rear speaker LRS3.

[0388] The first left rear speaker LRS1 can be installed in the first part of the left rear door adjacent to the left front door. The second left rear speaker LRS2 can be installed in the middle part of the left rear door. The third left rear speaker LRS3 can be installed in the second part of the left rear door adjacent to the rear trim RD.

[0389] The right rear door speaker RRS may include at least one of a first right rear speaker RRS1, a second right rear speaker RRS2, and a third right rear speaker RRS3.

[0390] The first right rear speaker RRS1 can be installed in the first part of the right rear door adjacent to the right front door. The second right rear speaker RRS2 can be installed in the middle part of the right rear door. The third right rear speaker RRS3 can be installed in the second part of the right rear door adjacent to the rear trim RD.

[0391] Each of the first left rear speaker LRS1 and the first right rear speaker RRS1 can be a tweeter or a speaker that outputs sound from 2kHz to 20kHz. The sound output from the first left rear speaker LRS1 and the first right rear speaker RRS1 can be combined and output.

[0392] For example, each of the second left rear speaker LRS2 and the second right rear speaker RRS2 can be a speaker that outputs sound with a mid-range or full-range frequency of 150Hz to 20kHz. The sound output from each of the first left rear speaker LRS1 and the second left rear speaker LRS2, as well as the first right rear speaker RRS1 and the second right rear speaker RRS2, can be combined and output.

[0393] Each of the third left rear speaker LRS3 and the third right rear speaker RRS3 can be one of a woofer, a mid-bass speaker, and a subwoofer, or it can be a speaker that outputs sound with mid-range or full-range frequencies from 20kHz to 150Hz. The sound output from the third left rear speaker LRS3 and the third right rear speaker RRS3 can be combined and output.

[0394] The rear decorative speaker RDS includes at least one of a first rear decorative speaker RDS1 located at the left edge or periphery of the rear decorative section RD, a second rear decorative speaker RDS2 located at the right edge or periphery of the rear decorative section RD, and a third rear decorative speaker RDS3 located in the middle of the rear decorative section.

[0395] Each of the first rear decorative speaker RDS1 and the second rear decorative speaker RDS2 can be a speaker that outputs sound with a mid-range or full-range frequency of 150Hz to 20kHz.

[0396] The third rear decorative speaker RDS3 is one of a woofer, a mid-bass speaker, and a subwoofer, a speaker that outputs sound from 60Hz to 150Hz, at least one tweeter, or may be a speaker that outputs sound from 2kHz to 20kHz.

[0397] Based on the direction of observation of the vehicle's windshield, the speakers located on the left and right sides can be configured symmetrically. For example, the frequency of sound output from the speaker located on the left side of the vehicle interior can be one or more of 150Hz to 20kHz and 2kHz to 20kHz, and the frequency of sound output from the vibration generating device located on the right side of the vehicle interior can also be one or more of 150Hz to 20kHz and 2kHz to 20kHz. When the speakers are arranged as described above, the stereo imaging of the sound output from the left and right sides of the vehicle interior can be improved.

[0398] Therefore, a vehicle according to another embodiment of the present disclosure may use at least one of the first display 1610 of the instrument panel module 1600 and the second display 1710, third display 1730, fourth display 1750 and fifth display 1770 of the infotainment module 1700 as a speaker (or sound generating device) for sound output, and may output sound through at least one of the speakers provided in at least one of the instrument panel 1500, the rear trim RD and the left and right doors, and output sound generated by the vibration of the display panel included in at least one of the first display 1610, the second display 1710, the third display 1730, the fourth display 1750 and the fifth display 1770 to provide multi-channel surround sound to the driver and / or vehicle passengers.

[0399] The vibration generating device according to embodiments of this disclosure can be applied to vibration generating devices installed in display devices. Display devices according to embodiments of this disclosure can be or be applied to mobile devices, video phones, smartwatches, watch phones, wearable devices, foldable devices, rollable devices, bendable devices, flexible devices, curved surface devices, electronic notebooks, e-books, portable multimedia players (PMPs), personal digital assistants (PDAs), MP3 players, mobile medical devices, desktop personal computers (PCs), laptop PCs, netbooks, workstations, navigators, car navigation systems, automotive display devices, automatic navigation devices, cinema devices / equipment, televisions, wallpaper display devices, signage devices, game consoles, laptop computers, monitors, cameras, portable video cameras, and home appliances. Furthermore, the vibration generating device described herein can be applied to organic light-emitting lighting devices or inorganic light-emitting lighting devices. When the vibration generating device is applied to a lighting device, it can be used as both a lighting device and a speaker.

[0400] The vibration generating apparatus, the display device including the vibration generating apparatus, and the vehicle according to embodiments of the present disclosure can be described as follows.

[0401] The vibration generating apparatus according to embodiments of the present disclosure may include piezoelectric ceramic portions having a specific spacing, piezoelectric material layers located between the piezoelectric ceramic portions, and electrode portions configured to provide an electric field to at least one or more of the piezoelectric ceramic portions and the piezoelectric material layers.

[0402] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the piezoelectric ceramic portion may include a plurality of piezoelectric ceramic portions spaced apart from each other by a certain pitch, having a first width and a first thickness and disposed along a first direction, and the electrode portion may include a first electrode located on a first surface of each of the plurality of piezoelectric ceramic portions and a second electrode located on a second surface of each of the plurality of piezoelectric ceramic portions.

[0403] According to some embodiments of this disclosure, the first electrode and the second electrode are formed of one of copper (Cu), aluminum (Al), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), nickel-phosphorus (Ni-P), tungsten (W), platinum (Pt) and silver (Ag) or an alloy thereof.

[0404] According to some embodiments of this disclosure, the electrode portion may further include a third electrode electrically connected to the second electrode, and disposed on the entire surface of one side or the entire surface of one side surface of at least one of the piezoelectric ceramic portion and the piezoelectric material layer.

[0405] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, a first electrode may be disposed on a first side surface and a top surface of each of the piezoelectric ceramic portions, and a second electrode may be disposed on a second side surface of each of the piezoelectric ceramic portions.

[0406] According to some embodiments of this disclosure, the pitch P of the piezoelectric ceramic portion is greater than the first width of each of the piezoelectric ceramic portions and less than the first thickness of each of the piezoelectric ceramic portions.

[0407] According to some embodiments of this disclosure, the first width of the piezoelectric ceramic portion may be 30 μm or less, the pitch P may be not less than twice the first width and not more than five times the first width, and the first thickness may be not less than twice the pitch and not more than four times the pitch.

[0408] According to some embodiments of this disclosure, the vibration generating device may further include a protective layer located on at least one of the entire upper and lower surfaces of both the piezoelectric ceramic portion and the piezoelectric material layer.

[0409] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the piezoelectric ceramic portion may include a plurality of piezoelectric ceramic grids, each having a specific width, a piezoelectric material layer located between the piezoelectric ceramic grids (such as within each grid), and the electrode portion includes a first electrode and a second electrode located on the upper and lower surfaces of both the piezoelectric ceramic portion and the piezoelectric material layer, respectively.

[0410] According to some embodiments of this disclosure, the piezoelectric ceramic portion may include a plurality of piezoelectric ceramic portions, which are spaced apart from each other by a certain pitch and are arranged at intervals, have a first width and a first thickness, and are arranged along a first direction. The electrode portion may include a first electrode and a second electrode located on the upper and lower surfaces of both the piezoelectric ceramic portion and the piezoelectric material layer, respectively.

[0411] According to some embodiments of this disclosure, the pitch is greater than or equal to twice the first width and less than or equal to five times the first width.

[0412] According to some embodiments of this disclosure, the pitch is greater than or equal to twice the first width and less than or equal to five times the first width.

[0413] According to some embodiments of this disclosure, the first thickness is greater than or equal to twice the pitch and less than or equal to five times the pitch.

[0414] According to some embodiments of this disclosure, the piezoelectric ceramic part may have piezoelectric properties and may be formed from one of an opaque piezoelectric ceramic material and a piezoelectric ceramic fiber.

[0415] According to some embodiments of this disclosure, the piezoelectric material layer may include at least one of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyvinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene (P(VDF-TrFE)), relaxor ferroelectric polymer, PVDF polymer doped with P(VDF-TrFe-CFE), P(VDF-TrFE-CTFE), CNT, and polybis(trifluoroethoxy)phosphazene.

[0416] According to some embodiments of this disclosure, the vibration generating device may further include a driver. The driver may be configured to receive a touch signal from a touch driver and apply power to the electrode portion of the vibration generating device upon receiving the touch signal.

[0417] According to some embodiments of this disclosure, the piezoelectric ceramic part is formed of polycrystalline PZT-based ceramic material, polycrystalline PT-based ceramic material, PZT composite perovskite material, or BaTiO3.

[0418] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, a display device may include a liquid crystal display panel having a thin film transistor substrate, a backlight unit configured to provide a light source to the liquid crystal display panel, and a vibration generating device disposed at at least one or more of the following locations: between the backlight unit and the liquid crystal display panel, on the upper surface of the liquid crystal display panel, and on the lower surface of the liquid crystal display panel. The vibration generating device includes piezoelectric ceramic portions arranged with a certain spacing, a piezoelectric material layer located between at least two piezoelectric ceramic portions, and an electrode portion configured to provide an electric field to at least one or more of the piezoelectric ceramic portions and the piezoelectric material layer.

[0419] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the display device may further include a touch driver configured to sense touch input and a driver configured to control the driving of a vibration generating device, wherein the driver is configured to receive a touch input signal from the touch driver regarding touch input input to the liquid crystal display panel, and to apply power to the electrode portion of the vibration generating device when the touch input signal is received.

[0420] According to some embodiments of this disclosure, the display device further includes a support member that supports the display device and a panel guide that supports the rear peripheral portion of the display panel and is supported by or housed in the support member.

[0421] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the display device may include an organic light-emitting display panel having a thin-film transistor substrate, and a vibration generating device located in the organic light-emitting display panel. The vibration generating device includes piezoelectric ceramic portions arranged with a certain spacing, a piezoelectric material layer located between at least two piezoelectric ceramic portions, and an electrode portion configured to provide an electric field to at least one or more of the piezoelectric ceramic portions and the piezoelectric material layer.

[0422] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the display device may further include a touch driver configured to sense touch input and a driver configured to control the driving of a vibration generating device, wherein the driver is configured to receive a touch input signal from the touch driver regarding a touch input input to the organic light-emitting display panel, and to apply power to the electrode portion of the vibration generating device when the touch input signal is received.

[0423] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, a display device includes a display panel configured to display an image and a vibration generating device located in the display panel, wherein the vibration generating device includes a plurality of first portions having piezoelectric properties, a plurality of second portions located between the plurality of first portions, and at least one electrode located above the plurality of first portions and the plurality of second portions.

[0424] According to some embodiments of this disclosure, the first part may be formed of an inorganic material, and the second part may be formed of an organic material.

[0425] According to some embodiments of this disclosure, a plurality of first portions and a plurality of second portions may be parallel to each other in the same plane, and the dimensions of the plurality of first portions and the plurality of second portions may be different from each other.

[0426] According to some embodiments of this disclosure, a vibration generating device having a plurality of first portions larger than the plurality of second portions can be configured as a sound generating device, a sound generator supporting tactile sensation, or a tactile device.

[0427] According to some embodiments of this disclosure, a vibration generating device having a plurality of first portions smaller than the size of a plurality of second portions can be configured as a light control device for a display panel.

[0428] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the display device may further include a backlight unit configured to provide a light source to a display panel; wherein the vibration generating device may be disposed in at least one or more of the following locations: between the backlight unit and the display panel, and on the lower surface of the display panel.

[0429] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the display device may further include a touch driver configured to sense touch input and a driver configured to control the driving of a vibration generating device, wherein the driver is configured to receive a touch input signal from the touch driver regarding a touch input input to the display panel, and to apply power to at least one electrode upon receiving the touch input signal.

[0430] According to some embodiments of this disclosure, the display device may further include a touch sensor located above the upper surface of the display panel and a front member located above the touch sensor, and a vibration generating device may be located between the display panel and the touch sensor.

[0431] According to some embodiments of this disclosure, the display device may further include a polarizing member located between the vibration generating device and the display panel.

[0432] According to some embodiments of this disclosure, the display device may further include a polarizing member located on the upper surface of the touch sensor.

[0433] According to some embodiments of this disclosure, at least one electrode may include a first electrode located on the lower surface of the vibration generating device and a second electrode located on the upper surface of the vibration generating device.

[0434] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, at least one electrode may include a first electrode located on the lower surface of the vibration generating device, a third electrode located on the first surface of the first portion, and a fourth electrode located on the second surface of the first portion and connected to the first electrode.

[0435] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the display panel may include a pixel array substrate and a second substrate located above the pixel array substrate, and the vibration generating device may be located in the second substrate.

[0436] According to some embodiments of this disclosure, at least one electrode may include a first electrode located on the lower surface of the vibration generating device and a second electrode located on the upper surface of the vibration generating device.

[0437] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, at least one of a plurality of first portions is configured to extend in a first direction to have a first dimension, and at least one electrode includes a first electrode located on the lower surface of the vibration generating device and a second electrode located on the upper surface of the vibration generating device.

[0438] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, a vehicle includes: an instrument panel including a first region facing a driver's seat, a second region facing a passenger seat, and a third region located between the first and second regions; an instrument cluster module including a first display in the first region of the instrument panel; and an infotainment module including at least one of a second display in the third region of the instrument panel, a third display in the second region of the instrument panel, a fourth display on the rear surface of the driver's seat, and a fifth display on the rear surface of the passenger seat, wherein at least one of the first to fifth displays includes a display device having a vibration generating device, and the vibration generating device includes a plurality of first portions having piezoelectric properties, a plurality of second portions located between the plurality of first portions, and an electrode located above at least one of the plurality of first portions and the plurality of second portions.

[0439] According to some embodiments of this disclosure, a vibration generating device having a plurality of first portions smaller than the size of a plurality of second portions may be located in one of a second display and a third display.

[0440] According to some embodiments of this disclosure, a vibration generating device having a plurality of first portions larger than the plurality of second portions can be disposed in one of a first display, a fourth display, and a fifth display.

[0441] According to some embodiments of this disclosure, the vehicle further includes a left front door, a right front door, a left rear door, a right rear door, and a rear trim section; and may also include at least one or more of the following: at least one dashboard speaker located on the dashboard, at least one left front door speaker located on the left front door, at least one right front door speaker located on the right front door, at least one left rear door speaker located on the left rear door, at least one right rear door speaker located on the right rear door, and at least one rear trim speaker located in the rear trim section.

[0442] According to some embodiments of this disclosure, at least one speaker may include a display device having a vibration generating means.

[0443] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to this disclosure without departing from the technical spirit or scope thereof. Therefore, embodiments of this disclosure are intended to cover modifications and variations that fall within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.

[0444] Cross-references to related applications

[0445] This application claims priority and benefit to Korean Patent Application No. 10-2018-0177285, filed on December 28, 2018, and Korean Patent Application No. 10-2019-0148672, filed on November 19, 2019, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference as if fully set forth herein.

Claims

1. A vibration generating device, the vibration generating device comprising: A piezoelectric ceramic component having a specific spacing; A piezoelectric material layer is located between at least two piezoelectric ceramic portions; as well as An electrode portion, configured to provide an electric field to one or more of the piezoelectric ceramic portion and the piezoelectric material layer, The piezoelectric ceramic part is configured as a plurality of piezoelectric ceramic parts, which are spaced apart from each other at a certain pitch, have a first width and a first thickness, and are arranged along a first direction. Wherein, the pitch is greater than the first width and the first thickness is greater than the pitch. Wherein, the pitch is greater than or equal to twice the first width and less than or equal to five times the first width. The piezoelectric material layer is transparent, and The first width of the piezoelectric ceramic portion is 30 μm or less, and the first thickness is not less than twice the pitch and not more than four times the pitch.

2. The vibration generating device according to claim 1, wherein, The electrode portion includes a first electrode located on a first surface of each of the plurality of piezoelectric ceramic portions and a second electrode located on a second surface of each of the plurality of piezoelectric ceramic portions.

3. The vibration generating device according to claim 2, wherein, The first electrode and the second electrode are formed of one of copper (Cu), aluminum (Al), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), nickel-phosphorus (Ni-P), tungsten (W), platinum (Pt) and silver (Ag) or an alloy thereof.

4. The vibration generating device according to claim 2, wherein, The electrode portion further includes a third electrode electrically connected to the second electrode, and is disposed on the entire surface of one side or the entire surface of one side surface of at least one of the piezoelectric ceramic portion and the piezoelectric material layer.

5. The vibration generating device according to claim 2, wherein, The first electrode is disposed on the first side surface and the upper surface of each of the piezoelectric ceramic parts, and the second electrode is disposed on the second side surface of each of the piezoelectric ceramic parts.

6. The vibration generating device according to claim 1, further comprising a protective layer located on at least one of the entire upper surface and the entire lower surface of both the piezoelectric ceramic portion and the piezoelectric material layer.

7. The vibration generating device according to claim 1, wherein, The piezoelectric ceramic section includes multiple piezoelectric ceramic grids, each with a specific width. The piezoelectric material layer is located between the piezoelectric ceramic grids, and The electrode portion includes a first electrode and a second electrode located on the upper and lower surfaces of the piezoelectric ceramic portion and the piezoelectric material layer, respectively.

8. The vibration generating device according to claim 1, wherein, The electrode portion includes a first electrode and a second electrode located on the upper and lower surfaces of the piezoelectric ceramic portion and the piezoelectric material layer, respectively.

9. The vibration generating device according to claim 8, wherein, The first thickness is greater than or equal to twice the pitch and less than or equal to four times the pitch.

10. The vibration generating device according to claim 1, wherein, The piezoelectric ceramic part has piezoelectric properties and is formed from one of an opaque piezoelectric ceramic material and a piezoelectric ceramic fiber.

11. The vibration generating device according to claim 1, wherein, The piezoelectric material layer includes at least one of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyvinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene (P(VDF-TrFE)), relaxor ferroelectric polymer, PVDF polymer doped with P(VDF-TrFe-CFE), P(VDF-TrFE-CTFE) or CNT, and polybis(trifluoroethoxy)phosphazene.

12. The vibration generating device according to claim 1, further comprising a driver, in, The driver is configured to receive a touch signal from a touch driver and apply power to the electrode portion of the vibration generating device when the touch signal is received.

13. The vibration generating device according to claim 1, wherein, The piezoelectric ceramic part is formed of polycrystalline PZT-based ceramic material, polycrystalline PT-based ceramic material, PZT composite perovskite material, or BaTiO3.

14. A display device comprising: A liquid crystal display panel, the liquid crystal display panel including a thin film transistor substrate; A backlight unit configured to provide a light source to the liquid crystal display panel; as well as A vibration generating device is disposed in one or more of the following locations: between the backlight unit and the liquid crystal display panel, on the upper surface of the liquid crystal display panel, and on the lower surface of the liquid crystal display panel. The vibration generating device includes: A piezoelectric ceramic component, which is arranged with a certain spacing; A piezoelectric material layer, the piezoelectric material layer being located between at least two piezoelectric ceramic portions; and An electrode portion, configured to provide an electric field to one or more of the piezoelectric ceramic portion and the piezoelectric material layer, The piezoelectric ceramic part is configured as a plurality of piezoelectric ceramic parts, which are spaced apart from each other at a certain pitch, have a first width and a first thickness, and are arranged along a first direction. Wherein, the pitch is greater than the first width and the first thickness is greater than the pitch. Wherein, the pitch is greater than or equal to twice the first width and less than or equal to five times the first width. The piezoelectric material layer is transparent, and The first width of the piezoelectric ceramic portion is 30 μm or less, and the first thickness is not less than twice the pitch and not more than four times the pitch.

15. The display device according to claim 14, further comprising: A touch driver configured to sense touch input; as well as A driver configured to control the drive of the vibration generating device. The driver is configured to receive a touch input signal from the touch driver regarding a touch input input to the liquid crystal display panel, and to apply power to the electrode portion of the vibration generating device when the touch input signal is received.

16. The display device according to claim 14, further comprising: A support member that supports the display device; as well as A panel guide that supports the rear peripheral portion of the display panel and is supported by or housed within the support member.

17. A display device, the display device comprising: An organic light-emitting display panel, the organic light-emitting display panel including a thin-film transistor substrate; as well as A vibration generating device is located within the organic light-emitting display panel. The vibration generating device includes: A piezoelectric ceramic component, which is arranged with a certain spacing; A piezoelectric material layer, the piezoelectric material layer being located between at least two piezoelectric ceramic portions; and An electrode portion, configured to provide an electric field to one or more of the piezoelectric ceramic portion and the piezoelectric material layer, The piezoelectric ceramic part is configured as a plurality of piezoelectric ceramic parts, which are spaced apart from each other at a certain pitch, have a first width and a first thickness, and are arranged along a first direction. Wherein, the pitch is greater than the first width and the first thickness is greater than the pitch. Wherein, the pitch is greater than or equal to twice the first width and less than or equal to five times the first width. The piezoelectric material layer is transparent, and The first width of the piezoelectric ceramic portion is 30 μm or less, and the first thickness is not less than twice the pitch and not more than four times the pitch.

18. The display device according to claim 17, further comprising: A touch driver configured to sense touch input; as well as A driver configured to control the drive of the vibration generating device. The driver is configured to receive a touch input signal from the touch driver regarding a touch input to the organic light-emitting display panel, and to apply power to the electrode portion of the vibration generating device upon receiving the touch input signal.

19. A display device comprising: Display panel, the display device being configured to display images; as well as A vibration generating device is located in the display panel. The vibration generating device includes: A plurality of first parts, wherein the plurality of first parts have piezoelectric properties; A plurality of second portions, the plurality of second portions being located between the plurality of first portions; and At least one electrode, said at least one electrode being located above the plurality of first portions and the plurality of second portions, The plurality of first portions are spaced apart from each other at a certain pitch, have a first width and a first thickness, and are arranged along a first direction. Wherein, the pitch is greater than the first width and the first thickness is greater than the pitch. Wherein, the pitch is greater than or equal to twice the first width and less than or equal to five times the first width. The second part is transparent, and Wherein, the first width of the first portion is 30 μm or less, and the first thickness is not less than twice the pitch and not more than four times the pitch.

20. The display device according to claim 19, wherein, The plurality of first portions are formed of inorganic materials, and the plurality of second portions are formed of organic materials.

21. The display device according to claim 19, wherein, The plurality of first parts and the plurality of second parts are parallel to each other on the same plane, and the dimensions of the plurality of first parts and the plurality of second parts are different from each other.

22. The display device according to claim 21, wherein, The vibration generating device, in which the size of the plurality of first parts is greater than the size of the plurality of second parts, is configured as a sound generating device or a tactile device.

23. The display device according to claim 21, wherein, The vibration generating device, in which the dimensions of the plurality of first parts are smaller than the dimensions of the plurality of second parts, is configured as a light control device.

24. The display device of claim 19, further comprising a backlight unit configured to provide a light source to the display panel; in, The vibration generating device is disposed in one or more of the following locations: between the backlight unit and the display panel, and on the lower surface of the display panel.

25. The display device according to claim 24, further comprising: A touch driver configured to sense touch input; as well as A driver configured to control the drive of the vibration generating device. The driver is configured to receive a touch input signal from the touch driver regarding a touch input to the display panel, and to apply power to the at least one electrode upon receiving the touch input signal.

26. The display device according to claim 19, further comprising: A touch sensor is located above the upper surface of the display panel; as well as The front component, located above the touch sensor, The vibration generating device is located between the display panel and the touch sensor.

27. The display device of claim 26, further comprising a polarizing member located between the vibration generating device and the display panel.

28. The display device of claim 26, further comprising a polarizing member located on the upper surface of the touch sensor.

29. The display device according to claim 19, wherein, The at least one electrode includes a first electrode located on the lower surface of the vibration generating device and a second electrode located on the upper surface of the vibration generating device.

30. The display device according to claim 19, wherein, The at least one electrode includes a first electrode located on the lower surface of the vibration generating device, a third electrode located on the first surface of at least one of the plurality of first portions, and a fourth electrode located on the second surface of at least one of the plurality of first portions and connected to the first electrode.

31. The display device according to claim 19, wherein, The display panel includes a pixel array substrate and a second substrate located above the pixel array substrate, and the vibration generating device is located in the second substrate.

32. The display device according to claim 19, wherein, The plurality of first parts are arranged in a grid pattern. The at least one electrode includes a first electrode located on the lower surface of the vibration generating device and a second electrode located on the upper surface of the vibration generating device.

33. The display device according to claim 19, wherein, At least one of the plurality of first portions is configured to extend along a first direction and have a first dimension. The at least one electrode includes a first electrode located on the lower surface of the vibration generating device and a second electrode located on the upper surface of the vibration generating device.

34. A vehicle comprising: The dashboard includes a first area facing the driver's seat, a second area facing the passenger seat, and a third area located between the first area and the second area; An instrument panel module, the instrument panel module including a first display located in the first area of ​​the instrument panel; as well as An infotainment module including at least one of a second display located in the third area of ​​the dashboard, a third display located in the second area of ​​the dashboard, a fourth display located on the rear surface of the driver's seat, and a fifth display located on the rear surface of the passenger seat. At least one of the first to fifth displays includes a display device with a vibration generating device. The vibration generating device includes: A plurality of first parts, wherein the plurality of first parts have piezoelectric properties; A plurality of second portions, the plurality of second portions being located between the plurality of first portions; and An electrode, which is located above at least one of the plurality of first portions and the plurality of second portions. The plurality of first portions are spaced apart from each other at a certain pitch, have a first width and a first thickness, and are arranged along a first direction. Wherein, the pitch is greater than the first width and the first thickness is greater than the pitch. Wherein, the pitch is greater than or equal to twice the first width and less than or equal to five times the first width. The second part is transparent, and Wherein, the first width of the first portion is 30 μm or less, and the first thickness is not less than twice the pitch and not more than four times the pitch.

35. The vehicle according to claim 34, wherein, The vibration generating device, in which the size of the plurality of first parts is smaller than the size of the plurality of second parts, is located in one of the second display and the third display.

36. The vehicle according to claim 34, wherein, The vibration generating device, in which the size of the plurality of first parts is larger than the size of the plurality of second parts, is disposed in one of the first display, the fourth display, and the fifth display.

37. The vehicle according to claim 34, further comprising: Front left door, front right door, rear left door, rear right door, rear trim; as well as One or more of the following speakers: at least one dashboard speaker located on the dashboard, at least one left front door speaker located on the left front door, at least one right front door speaker located on the right front door, at least one left rear door speaker located on the left rear door, at least one right rear door speaker located on the right rear door, and at least one rear trim speaker located on the rear trim.

38. The vehicle according to claim 37, wherein, The one or more speakers include the display device having the vibration generating device.

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