A temperature deformation self-adaptive combined isolation device for large-span spatial structures

Abstract

The present invention relates to a temperature deformation self-adaptive combined isolation device for large-span spatial structures, which is installed between the upper heavy roof and the lower structure and includes: a rubber isolation bearing, with a top plate and a bottom plate respectively arranged above and below the bearing; four novel self-adaptive passive viscous dampers, which are arranged centrosymmetrically around the isolation bearing, one end of the damper is connected to the top plate of the isolation bearing, and the other end is connected to the roof; a two-way sliding bearing, which is arranged above the isolation bearing and is used to connect the upper roof and the rubber isolation bearing to realize the free displacement of the roof in the horizontal direction under the conditions of temperature rise and fall. Compared with the prior art, the present invention can achieve the characteristics of "zero stiffness and zero resistance" of the device under the scenarios of temperature rise and fall by innovating the self-adaptive piston structure of the passive viscous damper, while ensuring its characteristics of "finite stiffness and finite resistance" under the scenarios of earthquake action, and has economy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of seismic isolation for civil engineering construction, and particularly to a temperature deformation self-adaptive combined seismic isolation device for large-span space structures. Background Art

[0002] The roofs of large-span space structures are widely used in large public buildings such as airport terminals, railway hubs, stadiums, and convention centers. Such roof structures rely on multi-dimensional force transmission in space to achieve large-space coverage, and their structural topology and component combination rules determine that structural joints (seismic joints, temperature joints, settlement joints) cannot be set in the roof.

[0003] For the roofs of large-span rigid space structures, there are two key problems that need to be solved in the structural design and construction stages: First, the weight of such roof structures is relatively large. When they are used in medium and high seismic intensity areas, reasonable methods need to be adopted to reduce the inertial force transmitted from the roof to the lower supporting structure, ensure the safety of the overall structure, and improve the economic efficiency of the lower structure design; Second, since structural joints cannot be set inside such roof structures, when they are used in regions with significant day / night or seasonal temperature differences, the structural edge displacements or internal temperature stresses caused by the thermal expansion and contraction of the structure need to be properly released.

[0004] The most effective way to solve the above problems is to adopt roof seismic isolation (high-level seismic isolation) technology, that is, to connect the upper heavy roof with the lower structure (column top, transfer beam, etc.) using seismic isolation bearings. Existing research shows that roof seismic isolation can significantly reduce the horizontal acceleration response of large roofs, significantly reduce and control the inertial force transmitted from the roof to the lower structure, and reduce the equivalent seismic action of the overall structure. Another advantage of roof seismic isolation is that the flexibility of the seismic isolation bearings can be used to release the structural edge temperature displacements and internal temperature stresses: Different from rigid constraints, flexible seismic isolation bearings are equivalent to a kind of (weak) elastic boundary of the large roof structure, and their constraint degree on the structural temperature stress / strain is low, which can significantly reduce the internal force level of the structure under heating / cooling conditions.

[0005] However, when seismic isolation bearings are used to support the roofs of space structures with very large spans, and the structure is built in regions with very large day / night or seasonal temperature differences, their temperature deformations often cause large displacements of the bearings, resulting in excessive relative displacements between the upper and lower ends of the seismic isolation bearings. Taking the most widely used rubber seismic isolation bearings as an example: In some cases, the shear strain of the seismic isolation bearings can reach 100% - 200% only under temperature fluctuation conditions, which not only seriously weakens the deformation margin of the seismic isolation bearings and affects their deformation ability under seismic action, but also seriously affects the durability of the rubber seismic isolation bearings (the rubber material ages faster under high strain conditions).

[0006] Patent application CN102979181A discloses an intelligent seismic isolation and shock absorption nickel-titanium alloy bearing for large-span space structures (space grids). The alloy bearing includes upper and lower steel plates. There is a nickel-titanium alloy spring between the two steel plates. A nickel-titanium alloy cylinder is placed on the lower steel plate, and a temperature controller is inside the alloy cylinder. Multiple alloy wire ropes are diagonally connected between the upper and lower steel plates at each diagonal; it is used for intelligent seismic isolation and shock absorption. If the vertical external load is too large, when the upper end of the nickel-titanium alloy cylinder contacts the lower surface of the upper steel plate, the nickel-titanium alloy cylinder with a two-way shape memory effect relies on the temperature control device to heat it up. When the temperature rises from room temperature (20°C) to the reverse phase change point temperature (100°C), the alloy cylinder will automatically elongate (recover) to a predetermined length, increasing the height of the upper steel plate upward. Subsequently, when the temperature drops to room temperature (20°C), the alloy cylinder will automatically shorten to its original height. This cycle repeats until the upper steel plate is above a certain height, achieving the ability to automatically and intelligently control the vertical displacement of the upper steel plate. However, it requires additional power input and has a relatively high cost.

[0007] Patent application CN115324205A discloses a quasi-zero stiffness vertical seismic isolator, which includes a bottom plate, a cover plate, a positive stiffness elastic element, and a negative stiffness elastic element. The positive stiffness elastic element and the negative stiffness elastic element are respectively pre-compressed between the bottom plate and the cover plate. The positive stiffness elastic element and the negative stiffness elastic element are both disc spring groups composed of disc springs. The positive stiffness elastic element includes a middle disc spring group arranged at the center of the bottom plate and a small disc spring group located on the outer periphery of the middle disc spring group. The negative stiffness elastic element is a large disc spring group located on the outer periphery of the positive stiffness elastic element. The radii of the disc springs in the small disc spring group, the middle disc spring group, and the large disc spring group increase in sequence, which can meet the vertical seismic isolation requirements of large-span space structures. However, it cannot meet the requirement of avoiding excessive horizontal displacement or falling of the upper roof while realizing the seismic isolation function. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the defects of the above-mentioned existing technologies and provide a temperature deformation self-adaptive combined seismic isolation device for large-span space structures, which can achieve the characteristics of "zero stiffness and zero resistance" in the scenarios of temperature rise and fall, and at the same time ensure its characteristics of "finite stiffness and finite resistance" in the seismic action scenarios, thereby improving the durability of the rubber seismic isolation bearing and its reliability under seismic actions.

[0009] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0010] The present invention provides a temperature deformation self-adaptive combined isolation device for large-span space structures, which is installed between the upper heavy roof and the lower structure, and includes: a self-adaptive passive viscous damper, a rubber isolation bearing, and a two-way sliding bearing. The two-way sliding bearing is arranged on the rubber isolation bearing. The self-adaptive passive viscous damper is connected to the rubber isolation bearing, and there are multiple dampers, which are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction of the rubber isolation bearing. This damper exhibits the characteristics of "no stiffness and no resistance at low strain rates, and stiffness and resistance at high strain rates".

[0011] The self-adaptive passive viscous damper includes a combined piston, a piston rod, a high-strength sealing ring, a steel structure housing, a first end connecting plate, and a second end connecting plate. One end of the piston rod is connected to the combined piston, and the other end is connected to the first end connecting plate. Two high-strength sealing rings are fixedly connected to both ends of the steel structure housing. The combined piston is arranged in the internal space of the high-strength sealing ring and the steel structure housing. The first end connecting plate is arranged outside the high-strength sealing ring and the steel structure housing. The internal space of the high-strength sealing ring and the steel structure housing is provided with a damping medium, and the piston rod can slide axially in the internal space of the high-strength sealing ring and the steel structure housing.

[0012] The combined piston includes a main piston body and circular blocking plates. Two circular blocking plates are arranged on both sides of the main piston body. The main piston body and the circular blocking plates are evenly provided with a plurality of small grooves along the circumferential direction. Short springs are arranged in the grooves to realize the connection between the main piston body and the circular blocking plates. The center of the main piston body is concave. One side of the two circular blocking plates on both sides is flat and the other side is convex, and they are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the main piston body, and the convex surfaces are connected to the main piston body.

[0013] The two-way sliding bearing includes an upper connecting plate, a lower connecting plate, and an intermediate layer. First clamping grooves and second clamping grooves that are nested with each other are arranged between the upper connecting plate and the intermediate layer, and between the lower connecting plate and the intermediate layer. The first clamping grooves and the second clamping grooves can limit the moving direction of the rubber isolation bearing.

[0014] Furthermore, a gasket is provided on the outside of each circular blocking plate for fixing the combined piston on the piston rod.

[0015] Furthermore, the first clamping grooves and the second clamping grooves arranged between the upper connecting plate and the intermediate layer are perpendicular to the first clamping grooves and the second clamping grooves arranged between the lower connecting plate and the intermediate layer in the horizontal plane.

[0016] Furthermore, the rubber isolation bearing includes a combined body, a bottom plate, and a top plate. One end of the combined body is connected to the bottom plate, and the other end is connected to the top plate. The lower connecting plate is connected to the top plate, and the second end connecting plate is connected to the top plate.

[0017] Furthermore, the combined body is a multi-layer rubber and steel plate overlapping combined body, and the periphery of the combined body is circular. Using the steel plate as the stiffening material of the rubber isolation bearing improves the vertical bearing capacity of the rubber isolation bearing, enabling it to bear the larger load of the large-span space heavy roof.

[0018] Further, two first bolt holes are provided on each side along the perimeter of the bottom plate, and the rubber isolation bearing is firmly connected to the lower structure through the first bolt holes and the bolts provided thereon.

[0019] Further, two types of bolt holes are provided on the top plate: the second bolt holes are provided at the four corners of the top plate, and the rubber isolation bearing is connected to the upper heavy roof through the second bolt holes and the bolts provided thereon; the third bolt holes are provided at the midlines of each side along the circumferential direction of the top plate, and only one third bolt hole is provided on each side. The third bolt holes and the bolts provided thereon are used to connect the rubber isolation bearing to the adaptive passive viscous damper, and at the same time, the rotation of the adaptive passive viscous damper in the horizontal plane is not restricted.

[0020] Further, a fifth bolt hole is provided on the second end connecting plate, and the second end connecting plate is connected to the top plate through the fifth bolt hole and the bolts provided thereon.

[0021] Further, a fourth bolt hole is provided on the first end connecting plate, and the first end connecting plate is connected to the roof through the fourth bolt hole and the bolts provided thereon.

[0022] Further, the damping medium is silicone oil.

[0023] Further, the main piston body is annular, and both the combined piston and the circular plug are made of high-strength alloy steel.

[0024] The working principle of the adaptive passive viscous damper is as follows:

[0025] When temperature deformation occurs, the strain rate is relatively low. At this time, the combined piston inside the damper moves slowly, so there is still a gap between the main piston body and the circular plug for the damping medium to pass through, and the adaptive passive viscous damper exhibits the characteristic of zero stiffness; in the earthquake scenario, the high strain rate causes the short spring to be quickly compressed, and the outer surfaces of the main piston body and the circular plug fit together. The depression degree of the main piston body is the same as the protrusion degree of the circular plugs on both sides, and the gap between them is closed, making it difficult for the damping medium to pass through, and the damper exhibits the characteristic of large stiffness.

[0026] The combination of the adaptive passive viscous damper, the rubber isolation bearing, and the bi-directional sliding bearing can achieve the characteristics of "zero stiffness and zero resistance" of the device in the temperature rise and fall scenario, and at the same time ensure its characteristics of "finite stiffness and finite resistance" in the earthquake scenario.

[0027] Under different strain rates, the adaptive passive viscous damper has different stiffness characteristics. At low strain rates, the combined piston inside the adaptive passive viscous damper moves slowly, and there is still a gap between the main piston body and the circular plug that allows the damping medium to pass through. The adaptive passive viscous damper exhibits a zero-stiffness characteristic. At medium and high strain rates, the piston rod connected to the roof drives the piston to move rapidly, causing the thrust acting on the surface of the combined piston to increase rapidly, which in turn affects the internal short spring to be compressed and deformed. This deformation causes the main piston body and the circular plug to quickly fit together as a whole, and there is no longer a gap inside. Therefore, it is difficult for the damping medium to pass through, and the adaptive passive viscous damper quickly and spontaneously realizes the transformation from zero stiffness to a large stiffness link.

[0028] Under the working conditions of temperature rise and fall, the roof generates slow displacement through the two-way sliding support. Due to the "zero-stiffness" characteristic of the damper, the upper roof is separated from the rubber isolation bearing, and the deformation of the roof is hardly restricted by the rubber isolation bearing. The temperature deformation will not be introduced into the rubber isolation bearing, thus effectively improving the durability of the rubber isolation bearing and its reliability under earthquake action. During an earthquake, the high strain rate causes the adaptive passive viscous damper to become a large stiffness link, and the upper part of the rubber isolation bearing is rigidly connected to the structure (approximately), so that the roof of the upper large-span space structure is reasonably restricted by the lower structure, and excessive horizontal displacement or fall of the upper roof is avoided on the premise of realizing the isolation function.

[0029] In addition, the damper uses a passive control design configuration and does not additionally adopt active or semi-active control equipment, and does not generate additional energy (electricity) requirements. Therefore, the economy and reliability of the device can be guaranteed.

[0030] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0031] (1) The present invention combines the adaptive passive viscous damper with the rubber isolation bearing and the two-way sliding support, which can realize the "zero stiffness and zero resistance" characteristics of the device under the temperature rise and fall scenarios, and at the same time ensure its "finite stiffness and finite resistance" characteristics under the earthquake action scenario.

[0032] (2) Under the working conditions of temperature rise and fall, the roof generates slow displacement through the two-way sliding support. Due to the "zero-stiffness" characteristic of the damper, the upper roof is separated from the rubber isolation bearing, and the deformation of the roof is hardly restricted by the bearing. The temperature deformation will not be introduced into the bearing, thus effectively improving the durability of the rubber isolation bearing and its reliability under earthquake action. During an earthquake, the high strain rate causes the damper to become a large stiffness link, and the upper part of the bearing is rigidly connected to the structure (approximately), so that the roof of the upper large-span space structure is reasonably restricted by the lower structure, and excessive horizontal displacement or fall of the upper roof is avoided on the premise of realizing the isolation function.

[0033] (3) The damper adopts a passive control design configuration, without additional use of active or semi-active control devices and without generating additional energy (electricity) requirements. Therefore, the economy and reliability of the device can be ensured. Description of the Drawings

[0034] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of a temperature-deformation self-adaptive combined isolation device for large-span spatial structures.

[0035] Figure 2 It is a partial cross-sectional view of a temperature-deformation self-adaptive combined isolation device for large-span spatial structures.

[0036] Figure 3 It is a schematic structural diagram of a self-adaptive passive viscous damper.

[0037] Figure 4 It is a cross-sectional view of a self-adaptive passive viscous damper.

[0038] Figure 5 It is a schematic exploded structural diagram of a combined piston.

[0039] Figure 6 It is a schematic structural diagram of a rubber isolation bearing.

[0040] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the hole positions on the bottom plate of a rubber isolation bearing.

[0041] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the hole positions on the top plate of a rubber isolation bearing.

[0042] Figure 9 It is a schematic structural diagram of the connection between a self-adaptive passive viscous damper and a rubber isolation bearing.

[0043] Figure 10 It is a schematic structural diagram of a two-way sliding bearing.

[0044] Reference Signs: 1 - Self-adaptive passive viscous damper; 2 - Rubber isolation bearing; 3 - Two-way sliding bearing; 11 - Combined piston; 12 - Piston rod; 13 - High-strength sealing ring; 14 - Steel structure shell; 15 - First end connecting plate; 16 - Second end connecting plate; 21 - Combined body; 22 - Bottom plate; 23 - Top plate; 31 - Upper connecting plate; 32 - Lower connecting plate; 33 - Intermediate layer; 34 - First card slot; 35 - Second card slot; 111 - Main piston body; 112 - Short spring; 113 - Circular plug; 114 - Gasket; 151 - First end connecting plate body; 152 - Fourth bolt hole; 161 - Second end connecting plate body; 162 - Fifth bolt hole; 163 - Reinforcing plate; 222 - First bolt hole; 232 - Second bolt hole; 233 - Third bolt hole. Detailed Implementation Modes

[0045] The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. In this technical solution, features such as component models, material names, connection structures, control methods, algorithms, etc. that are not clearly described are regarded as common technical features disclosed in the prior art.

[0046] Embodiment 1

[0047] This embodiment provides a temperature deformation adaptive combined isolation device for large-span spatial structures, which is installed between the upper heavy roof and the lower structure. As shown in Figure 1 、 Figure 2 , it includes: an adaptive passive viscous damper 1, a rubber isolation bearing 2, and a two-way sliding bearing 3. This device can achieve the characteristics of "zero stiffness and zero resistance" under temperature rise and fall, and at the same time ensure its characteristics of "finite stiffness and finite resistance" in the earthquake scenario. The two-way sliding bearing 3 is arranged on the rubber isolation bearing 2. Four adaptive passive viscous dampers 1 are provided and are arranged in a circumferential array along the rubber isolation bearing 2.

[0048] As shown in Figure 3 、 Figure 4 、 Figure 5 , the adaptive passive viscous damper 1 includes a combined piston 11, a piston rod 12, a high-strength sealing ring 13, a steel structure housing 14, a first end connecting plate 15, and a second end connecting plate 16. One end of the piston rod 12 is connected to the combined piston 11, and the other end is connected to the first end connecting plate 15. Two high-strength sealing rings 13 are fixedly connected to both ends of the steel structure housing 14. The combined piston 11 is arranged in the internal space of the high-strength sealing ring 13 and the steel structure housing 14. The first end connecting plate 15 is arranged outside the high-strength sealing ring 13 and the steel structure housing 14. The piston rod 12 can slide axially in the internal space of the high-strength sealing ring 13 and the steel structure housing 14. The material of the high-strength sealing ring is NBR nitrile rubber.

[0049] The combined piston 11 includes an annular main piston body 111 and circular blanking plates 113. Two circular blanking plates 113 are arranged on both sides of the main piston body 111. Six small grooves are evenly arranged along the circumferential direction of the main piston body 111 and the circular blanking plates 113, and short springs 112 are arranged in the grooves to realize the connection between the main piston body 111 and the circular blanking plates 113. At the same time, a gasket 114 is arranged on the outside of each circular blanking plate 113 to fix the combined piston 11 on the piston rod 12, and their relative positions remain unchanged all the time. The center of the main piston body 111 is concave. One side of the two circular blanking plates 113 on both sides is flat and the other side is convex, and they are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the main piston body 111, and the convex surface is connected to the main piston body 111. The combined piston 11 and the circular blanking plates 113 are both made of high-strength alloy steel.

[0050] The working principle of the adaptive passive viscous damper 1 is as follows:

[0051] When temperature deformation occurs, the strain rate is low. At this time, the combined piston 11 inside the damper moves slowly. Therefore, there is still a gap between the main piston body 111 and the circular blocking piece 113 for the damping medium to pass through, and the adaptive passive viscous damper 1 exhibits the characteristic of zero stiffness. In the earthquake scenario, the high strain rate causes the short spring 112 to be quickly compressed, and the outer surfaces of the main piston body 111 and the circular blocking piece 113 fit together. The depression degree of the main piston body 111 is the same as the protrusion degree of the circular blocking pieces 113 on both sides, and the gap between them is closed, making it difficult for the damping medium to pass through. The damper exhibits the characteristic of large stiffness. Among them, the damping medium is silicone oil.

[0052] As Figure 6 shown, the rubber isolation bearing 2 includes a combined body 21, a bottom plate 22, and a top plate 23. One end of the combined body 21 is connected to the bottom plate 22, and the other end is connected to the top plate 23. Among them, the periphery of the combined body 21 is circular, and the combined body 21 is formed by overlapping multiple layers of rubber and steel plates. Using the steel plates as the stiffening material of the rubber isolation bearing 2 improves the vertical bearing capacity of the rubber isolation bearing 2, enabling it to bear the larger loads of heavy roofs in large-span spaces.

[0053] As Figure 7 、 Figure 8 shown, the bottom plate 22 is provided with two first bolt holes 222 on each side along the perimeter. Through the first bolt holes 222 and the bolts provided thereon, the rubber isolation bearing 2 is stably connected to the lower structure (such as the top of the column, transfer beam, etc.); the top plate 23 contains two types of bolt holes: the second bolt holes 232 are arranged at the four corners of the top plate 23, and the rubber isolation bearing 2 is connected to the upper heavy roof through the second bolt holes 232 and the bolts provided thereon; the third bolt holes 233 are arranged along the midline of each side around the plate, and only one third bolt hole 233 is provided on each side. The purpose is to connect the rubber isolation bearing 2 and the adaptive passive viscous damper 1 while not restricting the rotation of the four adaptive passive viscous dampers 1 in the horizontal plane. As Figure 9 shown, the rubber isolation bearing 2 and the adaptive passive viscous damper 1 are connected through the third bolt holes 233 and the bolts provided thereon.

[0054] The second end connecting plate 16 includes a second end connecting plate body 161, fifth bolt holes 162 provided on the second end connecting plate body 161, and a reinforcing plate 163. The second end connecting plate 16 is connected to the top plate 23 through the fifth bolt holes 162 and the bolts provided thereon; the first end connecting plate 15 includes a first end connecting plate body 151 and fourth bolt holes 152 provided thereon. The first end connecting plate 15 is connected to the roof through the fourth bolt holes 152 and the bolts provided thereon.

[0055] As Figure 10As shown in the figure, the bi-directional sliding support 3 includes an upper connecting plate 31, a lower connecting plate 32 and an intermediate layer 33. First card slots 34 and second card slots 35 which are nested with each other are provided between the upper connecting plate 31 and the intermediate layer 33, and between the lower connecting plate 32 and the intermediate layer 33. The moving direction of the rubber isolation bearing 2 can be restricted by the first card slots 34 and the second card slots 35. Since the sliding directions of the two layers are perpendicular to each other, the superposition of their displacements can realize the free sliding of the bi-directional sliding support 3 in the horizontal plane.

[0056] In this embodiment, the adaptive passive viscous damper 1 is combined with the rubber isolation bearing 2 and the bi-directional sliding support 3, which can realize the characteristics of "zero stiffness and zero resistance" of the device under the scenarios of temperature rise and fall, and at the same time ensure its characteristics of "finite stiffness and finite resistance" under the scenarios of earthquake actions.

[0057] Under different strain rates, the adaptive passive viscous damper 1 has different stiffness characteristics. At low strain rates, the combined piston inside the adaptive passive viscous damper 1 moves slowly, and there is still a gap between the main piston body 111 and the circular blocking piece 113 that can allow the damping medium to pass through, and the adaptive passive viscous damper 1 presents the characteristic of zero stiffness; at medium and high strain rates, the piston rod 12 connected to the roof drives the piston to move quickly, so that the thrust acting on the surface of the combined piston increases rapidly, which in turn affects the internal short spring 112 to be compressed and deformed. This deformation makes the main piston body 111 and the circular blocking piece 113 quickly fit together as a whole, and there is no longer a gap inside, so the damping medium is difficult to pass through, and the adaptive passive viscous damper 1 quickly and spontaneously realizes the transition from zero stiffness to a large stiffness connecting rod.

[0058] Under the working conditions of temperature rise and fall, the roof generates slow displacement through the bi-directional sliding support 3. Due to the "zero stiffness" characteristic of the damper, the upper roof is separated from the rubber isolation bearing 2, and the deformation of the roof is hardly restricted by the rubber isolation bearing 2, and the temperature deformation will not be introduced into the rubber isolation bearing 2, thus effectively improving the durability of the rubber isolation bearing 2 and its reliability under earthquake actions; when an earthquake occurs, the adaptive passive viscous damper 1 becomes a large stiffness connecting rod, and the upper part of the rubber isolation bearing 2 is rigidly connected to the structure (approximately), so that the upper large-span space structure roof is reasonably restricted by the lower structure, and excessive horizontal displacement or fall of the upper roof is avoided on the premise of realizing the isolation function.

[0059] In addition, the damper adopts a passive control design configuration, does not additionally adopt active or semi-active control equipment, and does not generate additional energy (electricity) requirements, so it can ensure the economy and reliability of the device.

[0060] The above description of the embodiments is to enable those of ordinary skill in the art to understand and use the invention. Obviously, those who are familiar with the technology in this field can easily make various modifications to these embodiments and apply the general principles described herein to other embodiments without creative efforts. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and all improvements and modifications made by those skilled in the art according to the disclosure of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention should be within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A temperature deformation self - adaptive combined isolation device for large - span spatial structures, characterized in that, it includes: An adaptive passive viscous damper (1), a rubber isolation bearing (2), and a two - way sliding bearing (3). The two - way sliding bearing (3) is arranged on the rubber isolation bearing (2), the adaptive passive viscous damper (1) is connected to the rubber isolation bearing (2), and a plurality of adaptive passive viscous dampers (1) are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction of the rubber isolation bearing (2); The adaptive passive viscous damper (1) includes a combined piston (11), a piston rod (12), a high - strength sealing ring (13), a steel structure outer shell (14), a first end connecting plate (15), and a second end connecting plate (16). One end of the piston rod (12) is connected to the combined piston (11), and the other end is connected to the first end connecting plate (15). The two high - strength sealing rings (13) are fixedly connected to both ends of the steel structure outer shell (14). The combined piston (11) is arranged in the internal space formed by the high - strength sealing ring (13) and the steel structure outer shell (14). A damping medium is provided in the internal space, and the piston rod (12) can slide along the axial direction of the internal space; The combined piston (11) includes a main piston body (111) and circular blocking plates (113). The two circular blocking plates (113) are respectively arranged on both sides of the main piston body (111). The main piston body (111) and the circular blocking plates (113) are both evenly provided with a plurality of grooves in the circumferential direction, and short springs (112) are arranged in the grooves to realize the connection between the main piston body (111) and the circular blocking plates (113). The center of the main piston body (111) is concave. One side of each of the two circular blocking plates (113) on both sides is flat and the other side is convex. They are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the main piston body (111), and the convex surfaces are connected to the main piston body (111); The rubber isolation bearing (2) includes a combined body (21), a bottom plate (22), and a top plate (23). The two - way sliding bearing (3) includes an upper connecting plate (31), a lower connecting plate (32), and an intermediate layer (33); The bottom of the adaptive passive viscous damper (1) is connected to the top plate (23) of the rubber isolation bearing (2) through the second end connecting plate (16); The top plate (23) of the rubber isolation bearing (2) is connected to the lower connecting plate (32) of the two - way sliding bearing (3); The upper connecting plate (31) of the two - way sliding bearing (3) is connected to the upper roof; Under the working conditions of temperature rise and fall, a gap is left between the main piston body (111) and the circular blocking plates (113) for the damping medium to pass through, and the damper behaves as a "zero - stiffness" connecting rod; When an earthquake occurs, the short springs (112) are compressed, the outer surfaces of the main piston body (111) and the circular blocking plates (113) fit together, and the damping medium cannot pass through the gap, and the damper behaves as a large - stiffness connecting rod.

2. The temperature deformation self - adaptive combined isolation device for large - span spatial structures according to claim 1, characterized in that, A gasket (114) is provided on the outside of each of the circular blocking pieces (113) for fixing the combined piston (11) to the piston rod (12).

3. A temperature deformation self-adaptive combined isolation device for large-span space structures according to claim 1, characterized in that, first clamping grooves (34) and second clamping grooves (35) which are nested and connected with each other are provided between the upper connecting plate (31) and the intermediate layer (33) and between the lower connecting plate (32) and the intermediate layer (33), and the first clamping grooves (34) and the second clamping grooves (35) can limit the moving direction of the rubber isolation bearing (2); the first clamping grooves (34) and the second clamping grooves (35) provided between the upper connecting plate (31) and the intermediate layer (33) are perpendicular to the first clamping grooves (34) and the second clamping grooves (35) provided between the lower connecting plate (32) and the intermediate layer (33) in the horizontal plane.

4. A temperature deformation self-adaptive combined isolation device for large-span space structures according to claim 3, characterized in that, One end of the combined body (21) is connected to the bottom plate (22), and the other end is connected to the top plate (23), the lower connecting plate (32) is connected to the top plate (23), and the second end connecting plate (16) is connected to the top plate (23).

5. A temperature deformation self-adaptive combined isolation device for large-span space structures according to claim 4, characterized in that, The combined body (21) is a multi-layer rubber and steel plate overlapping combined body, and the periphery of the combined body (21) is circular.

6. A temperature deformation self-adaptive combined isolation device for large-span space structures according to claim 4, characterized in that, Two first bolt holes (222) are provided on each side along the periphery of the bottom plate (22), and the rubber isolation bearing (2) is stably connected to the lower structure through the first bolt holes (222) and the bolts provided thereon.

7. A temperature deformation self-adaptive combined isolation device for large-span space structures according to claim 4, characterized in that, The following are provided on the top plate (23): Second bolt holes (232): Provided at the four corners of the top plate (23), and the rubber isolation bearing (2) is connected to the upper heavy roof through the second bolt holes (232) and the bolts provided thereon; Third bolt holes (233): Provided at the midlines of each side along the circumferential direction of the top plate (23), and only one third bolt hole (233) is provided on each side. The third bolt holes (233) and the bolts provided thereon are used to connect the rubber isolation bearing (2) to the self-adaptive passive viscous damper (1), and at the same time do not limit the rotation of the self-adaptive passive viscous damper (1) in the horizontal plane.

8. A temperature deformation self-adaptive combined isolation device for large-span space structures according to claim 4, characterized in that, Fifth bolt holes (162) are provided on the second end connecting plate (16), and the second end connecting plate (16) is connected to the top plate (23) through the fifth bolt holes (162) and the bolts provided thereon.

9. A temperature deformation self-adaptive combined isolation device for large-span space structures according to claim 1, It is characterized in that a fourth bolt hole (152) is provided on the first end connecting plate (15), and the first end connecting plate (15) is connected to the roof through the fourth bolt hole (152) and bolts provided thereon.

10. A large-span spatial structure temperature deformation self-adaptive combined isolation device according to claim 1, It is characterized in that the main piston body (111) is annular, the combined piston (11) and the circular blocking piece (113) are both made of high-strength alloy steel, and the damping medium is silicone oil.

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